内容正文:
Unit 3 Same or Different?
Section A 单词短语知识详解
1 compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/ v. 比较;对比(教材P21)
归纳拓展
compare 动词,意为“比较”或“对比”。
compare 的用法:
(1)compare A with/to B 把A 与B 对比,常用于两个同类事物之间的具体比较。
(2)compare with/to 与……类似
(3)compare A to B 把A 比作B,常用于两个不同性质的事物的抽象比较(表比喻)。
► She compared her old car with the new one and found the new one more fuel-efficient. 她把自己的旧车与新车进行了比较,发现新车更省油。
► Compare the weather in London with the weather in Paris.
比较伦敦和巴黎的天气。
► The poet compared love to a rose, fragrant but thorny.
诗人将爱情比作玫瑰,芬芳却带刺。
学会运用1: ___________ (比较) with the past, the community canteens (食堂) are providing people, both young and old, with healthier and cheaper dishes now.
学会运用2: 我们常把老师比喻成蜡烛。
We often __________ a teacher __________ a candle.
学会运用3: 在迈克小时候,他的妈妈总是把他和其他的孩子做比较。
Mike’s mother always ___________ him __________ other children when he was young.
2 shy /ʃaɪ/ adj. 害羞的(教材P22)
归纳拓展
shy adj. 意为“害羞的”,在句中常作表语或定语。
shy 的副词形式是shyly,意为“害羞地”;名词形式是
shyness,意为“害羞”。
►She is a shy girl who always keeps to herself.她是一个害羞的女孩,总是独来独往。
► Tom often starts a conversation with a shy smile.汤姆经常害羞地笑着开始谈话。
►He smiled shyly at her. 他害羞地对她笑了笑。
► Despite her shyness, Jane still tries to make new friends at school. 尽管简很害羞,但她还是尝试在学校结交新朋友。
学会运用4: Don’t be __________ (害羞的) when you speak English in public.
学会运用5: Believe in yourself and you can overcome your __________ (shy).
学会运用6:对于一个害羞的学生来说,在课堂上发表演讲需要勇气。
__________ __________ __________ __________, it takes courage to give a speech in class.
3 lazy /'leɪzi/ adj. 懒惰的;懒洋洋的(教材P22)
归纳拓展
lazy adj. 懒惰的;懒洋洋的。其副词形式是lazily,名词形式是laziness;其比较级和最高级分别为lazier,laziest。
► The cat is lazy and sleeps all day.这只猫很懒,整天都在睡觉。
► He walked lazily down the street.他懒洋洋地沿着街道走。
► His laziness has cost him his job.他的懒惰让他失去了工作。
学会运用7: I was feeling too l to go out.
学会运用8: This dog is _________ (lazy) than that one.
学会运用9: 我们在海滩上懒洋洋地度过了一天。
We spent _________ _________ _________ on the beach.
4 loud /laʊd/ adv. 大声地 adj. 大声的(教材P22)
归纳拓展
loud 可以作形容词,意为“大声的”,还可以作副词,意为“响亮地”。作副词时,loud,aloud 与loudly 的区别用法如下:
易混词
用法
loud
意为“大声地;响亮地”,强调声音响亮。
aloud
意为“大声地;出声地”,强调为了使人听见而发声,音量不一定大,常与read 等词连用。无比较级和最高级形式。
loudly
意为“大声地;喧闹地”,可形容人声、敲门声或其他声音。是loud(大声的)的副词形式
►“What are you doing here?” the giant cried in a loud voice. 巨人大声喊道:“你们在这里干什么?”
► Can you speak louder? I can’t hear clearly. 你能说大声点吗? 我听不清。
► He read the letter aloud to us. 他把信大声念给我们听。
► The audience laughed loudly at the joke. 观众听到这笑话大笑起来。
► Do you have to play that music so loud? 你非得把音乐放那么响吗?
学会运用10: Please read a to improve your pronunciation while learning English.
学会运用11: I heard someone knocking at the door _________ (loud).
学会运用12: The teacher listened to the children reading _______.
A. loudly B. loud C. aloud D. quiet
学会运用13: 事实胜于雄辩。(翻译句子)
_____________________________________________
5outgoing /'aʊtɡəʊɪŋ / adj. 外向的(教材P22 )
归纳拓展
outgoing 形容词,意为“外向的”,在句中常作表语或定语。 outgoing 的反义词是quiet,意为“安静的”;比较级和最高级分别是more outgoing 和the most outgoing。
► Mary is an outgoing girl.玛丽是一位外向的女孩。
► Among all the students in our class, Lily is the most outgoing. 在我们班所有的学生中,莉莉是最外向的。
► I am more outgoing than my sister. 我比我姐姐更外向。
► She is a quiet girl who prefers to read alone.她是一个安静的女孩,更喜欢独自阅读。
学会运用13: Do you know any __________ (joke) about animals?
学会运用14: 我的朋友们总拿我对比萨饼的热爱开玩笑。
My friends always __________ _____________ my love for pizza.
学会运用15: 请你再讲一遍那个笑话,好吗?
Could you __________ _________ _________ again, please?
6 alone /ə'ləʊn/ adj. & adv. 独自;单独(教材P22)
归纳拓展
辨析: alone 与lonely
alone
形容词
“单独的;独自的”,常用作表语。
强调客观上的单独状态,没有感情色彩。
副词
“独自;单独”,
相当于by oneself。
lonely
形容词
“孤独的;寂寞的”,指情感上的孤独,带有伤感色彩。
“偏僻的”,只用于名词前作定语。
一语辨异
Although he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely.
尽管他独自生活,可他并不感到孤独。
►He was alone in the office. 他独自在办公室里。
► He lives alone in a small house near a river.他独自居住在河边的一个小屋子里。
► She felt lonely after her husband’s death.她丈夫去世后她感到孤独。
► There is a lonely island in the middle of the lake.湖中央有一个偏僻的小岛。
学会运用23: Sara was there listening to the radio. She just wanted to be ________(单独)for a change.
学会运用24: 有时他独自待在河边看日落。
Sometimes he _________ _________ by the river to watch the sunset.
7 hard-working /hɑːd 'wɜːkɪŋ /adj. 勤奋的(教材P22)
hard-working 为合成形容词,常作表语或定语;其反义词是lazy 懒惰的,比较级和最高级分别是more hard-working 和the most hard-working。
► My friend is hard-working. He practices playing the piano every day. 我的朋友很勤奋,他每天都练习弹钢琴。
► He is a hard-working student and always gets good grades. 他是一个勤奋的学生,总是取得好成绩。
► Don’t be lazy. You should finish your tasks on time.不要偷懒,你应该按时完成你的任务。
► She is working hard to improve her reading skills.她正在努力提高她的阅读能力。
辨析: hard-working 与working hard
hard-working
是一个形容词,用来描述人的特质。
working hard
是一个动词短语,表示“正在努力工作/ 学习”。
一语辨异
Lisa is hard-working. She likes working hard on her school project. 丽莎很勤奋。她很喜欢努力学习学校的项目。
学会运用17: She is known for being __________________ (勤奋的) and dedicated to her work.
学会运用18: John is _____________________ (hard-working) than he was last year.
学会运用19: 她是我们班最勤奋的学生。 (翻译句子)
________________________________________________
8 perform /pə'fɔːm/ v. 表演;执行(教材P22)
归纳拓展
perform 作及物动词,意为“表演;执行”。
perform 的同根词:
(1)performance n. 表演;演出(-ance 是名词后缀;行为)
(2)performer n. 表演者;演出者(-er 是名词后缀;执行者)
►He often performs the plays for the old.他经常为老人们表演戏剧。
► Tomorrow, we will perform a fire drill to practice what to do in case of a fire. 明天,我们将进行消防演习,练习在发生火灾时应该做什么。
► I enjoyed the magic show at the school performance.我喜欢学校表演中的魔术表演。
学会运用20: The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance _______________ (perform) which is quite popular these days.
学会运用21: Lion dance is usually p by two people dressed in a lion costume.
学会运用22: 这对双胞胎将在学校艺术节上表演舞蹈。
The twins will _________ __________ __________ at the school art festival.
9 solve /sɒlv/ v. 解决;解答(教材P22)
归纳拓展
solve 动词,意为“解决,解答”。常用短语:
(1)solve the problem/problems 解决问题;
(2)solve for 意为“求解……的值”或“解出……的解”,通常用于数学领域,表示求解某个未知数或变量。
solution n. 意为“解决方案”。
solvable adj.可以解决的
►We need to solve the math problem together.我们需要一起解决这道数学题。
► When you have a puzzle, you need to think hard to solve the problem. 当你遇到一个谜题时,你需要努力思考来解决问题。
► Good students always try to solve problems by themselves. 好学生总是试着自己解决问题。
学会运用25: Can you help me __________(解决)this puzzle?
学会运用26: The _________ (solve) to the problem is quite simple.
学会运用27: 如果你有问题,请老师帮忙解决难题。
If you have a question, ask your teacher to help you _________ _________ _________.
10 congratulation /kənɡrætʃu'leɪʃn/ n. 祝贺;恭喜(教材P23)
归纳拓展
congratulation 是可数名词, 意为“祝贺”。通常用复数,是祝贺用语。
congratulate 是及物动词,意为“祝贺”。
congratulate sb. on sth. 意为“为某事向某人表示祝贺”。
动词加后缀-tion/-sion 变成名词的词:
(1)connect 连接→ connection 联系;连接
(2)decide 决定→ decision 决定;抉择
(3)declare 宣布;声明→ declaration 宣布;声明
► Congratulations on your success.祝贺你取得成功。
► I congratulate you on winning the game.我祝贺你赢了比赛。
学会运用28: I received several __________________ (祝贺) on my promotion.
学会运用29: 我想就你最近取得的成就向你表示祝贺。
I would like to ______________ you ____________ your recent achievement.
11 prize /praɪz/ n. 奖;奖励(教材P23)
prize n. 奖;奖励。
常见搭配:first prize 一等奖。
还可作形容词,意为“优秀的;应获奖的”。只能作定语。
还可作动词,意为“珍视;给……颁奖”。
► I won a prize for drawing the best picture in my class. 我在班里画的画最好,赢得了一个奖品。
► He is a prize student in our school. 他是我们学校的一位模范学生。
► I prize my friendship with her very much. 我非常珍视和她的友谊。
► The school will prize the best students at the end of the semester. 学校将在学期末给最优秀的学生颁奖。
学会运用30: Winning the scholarship was a great p for his hard work.
学会运用31: 她在写作比赛中被授予了一等奖。
She was awarded _________ __________ __________ in the writing contest.
12 attend /ə'tend / v. 参加;出席(教材P23)
归纳拓展
辨析: attend, join, join in 与take part in
attend
常指出席(或参加)正式场合,如会议、讲座、婚礼或听报告等。
join
侧重指加入某党派、团体、组织、人群等,并成为其中的一员。
join in
多指参加小规模的活动:如球赛、游戏等,常用于日常口语。
take part in
指参加活动或比赛,并在其中起积极作用。
► I will attend my friend’s birthday party this weekend.这个周末我要去参加我朋友的生日派对。
► We need to attend the meeting to discuss the class trip plans. 我们需要参加会议来讨论班级旅行的计划。
► She loves to attend art classes on Saturday mornings.她喜欢周六上午去上艺术课。
学会运用32: 从方框中选择适当的词汇填空
attend, join, join in, take part in
(1) My parents often __________ important meetings at work.
(2) I want to __________ the school’s basketball team.
(3) Everyone is welcome to ___________ the discussion.
(4) I ___________ the school’s science fair last year.
学会运用33: 我们需要参加下周的家长会。
We _________ _________ _________ the parent-teacher meeting next week.
13 besides /bɪ'saɪdz/ prep. 除……之外(还) adv. 而且(教材P23)
归纳拓展
辨析: besides, except, but 与except for
besides
指“包括后者在内”,常与other,also 等词连用。
except
指“不包括后者在内”,其后可接不定式作宾语。当其前的动词是实义动词do 及其变化形式时,不定式常省去to。
but
指“不包括后者在内”,常和all,nobody 等不定代词连用,有时可与except 互换。
except for
意为“除去……之外;只是”,表示对人或事物先做出总体评价,然后就其局部提出看法,所排除的不是同一范畴的东西。
►What other languages do you know besides English? 除了英语之外, 你还懂什么其他语言?
► He gets up early every day except Sunday.除了星期日之外, 他每天都早起。
► I couldn’t do anything except just sit down and hope.我除了坐在那儿盼着,什么也做不了。
学会运用34: ______ English, we also learn math and Chinese at school.
A. Except B. Besides C. Except for D. But
学会运用35: I have some other friends b you.
学会运用36: 除了学习,我还喜欢踢足球。
__________ __________, I also enjoy playing football.
14 spare /speə(r)/ adj. 空闲的; 备用的 v. 抽出;拨出(教材P23)
归纳拓展
spare 作形容词,意为“空闲的; 备用的”;也可作动词,意为“抽出;拨出”。
常见用法:
(1)spare time 空闲时间;
(2)in one’s spare time 在某人的空闲时间;
(3)spare+时间+to do sth. 空出时间做某事。
► I have a spare hour this afternoon.我今天下午有一个空余小时。
► Do keep a spare tire in your car.务必在你的车里备一个备用轮胎。
► I spared an hour to meet with him. 我留出一个小时跟他见面。
► In my spare time, I like to play football with my friends. 在我的业余时间,我喜欢和朋友们踢足球。
学会运用37: Can you s a few minutes to help me with this problem?
学会运用38: I have a s key to the house in case I lose the main one.
学会运用39: 周末,我喜欢用空闲时间读书。
On weekends, I like to spend my ________ ________ reading books.
15 pleasure /'pleʒə(r)/ n. 乐事; 愉快; 荣幸(教材P23)
辨析: pleasure, pleasant 与pleased
pleasure
n. “愉快;高兴;满意;乐事”,多用于口语
pleasant
adj. “令人高兴的;令人愉快的”,一般指天气、时间、旅行等令人感到高兴、愉快
pleased
adj. “高兴的;愉快的”,表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快,其后常常带介词with
►Reading books is one of my greatest pleasures.读书是我最大的乐事之一。
► Watching cartoons gives me great pleasure. 看动画片给我带来很大的乐趣。
► We spent a very pleasant evening. 我们度过了一个很愉快的夜晚。
► I am pleased that you have a new job.我很高兴你有了一份新工作。
► It is a pleasure to welcome you to our home.很高兴欢迎您来我们家。
当你帮助他人并收到对方感谢时,应说“It’s a pleasure.”或“My pleasure.”;当别人请你帮忙,你乐意做时,则应说“With pleasure.”。
学会运用40: 从方框中选择适当的词填空。
pleasure, pleasant, pleased
(1)My parents were very __________ with my grades.
(2) I had a __________ chat with my teacher after class.
(3) It’s a __________ to help others.
学会运用41: 如果你需要任何帮助,我会很乐意帮忙的。
If you need any help, I’ll do it __________ __________.
16 appearance /ə'pɪərəns/ n. 外表;露面(教材P24)
appearance 名词,意为“外表;露面”;其动词形式为appear, 意为“出现”;反义词disappearance, 名词,意为“消失”,其动词形式为disappear,意为“消失;不见”。
►She always pays attention to her appearance.她总是很注意自己的外表。
► She made a rare appearance at the charity event last night. 她昨晚很少见地出席了那场慈善活动。
► She appears (to be) a little bit worried.她看起来有点担心。
► The cat’s disappearance made us very worried.猫的失踪让我们非常担心。
学会运用42: A good a can make a good impression on others.
学会运用43: Your name will a at the front of the book.
学会运用44: When spring comes, the snow and ice __________ (appear).
学会运用45: 新老师看起来很友好。
The new teacher has _______ ________ _____________.
17 personality/pɜːsə'næləti/n. 性格;品质(教材P24)
► She has a strong personality. 她性格坚强。
► This is a personal letter, so please don’t read it.这是一封私人信件,所以请不要读。
► I will personally attend to the matter. 我将亲自处理这件事。
► I am a person who loves to read books. 我是一个喜欢读书的人。
学会运用46: He is known for his humorous __________ (person). He always makes people laugh.
学会运用47: I have a __________ (person) goal to learn how to swim this year.
学会运用48: The p who helped me today was very nice.
学会运用49: 我的朋友性格非常外向。
My friend has a very ____________ ____________.
18 population /pɒpju'leɪʃn/ n. 人口(教材P25)
►In many countries, the population is mainly concentrated in the cities. 在许多国家,人口主要集中在城市里。
► Many parts of the world have become deserts now, but they once had large populations and produced plenty of crops. 世界上许多地区曾经人口众多, 五谷丰登, 而如今却成了沙漠。
表示人口“多”要用large 修饰,而不用 much/many; 表示人口“少”要用small 修饰,而不用 little/few。
population 作可数名词,意为“人口”,常与定冠词the 连用。作主语时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。
当主语表示“人口的百分之几或几分之几”时,谓语动词多用复数形式。
population 多以单数形式出现,指某个国家、地区或城市的人口。若以复数形式出现,则指世界不同地区的人口。
归纳拓展
表示“某地有多少人口”有两种表达方式:
(1)The population of + 某地+ is + 数词.
(2)某地+ has a p opulation of + 数词.
询问“某地有多少人口”要用 what 或 how large 提问:
“What’s the population of+ 地点?”或“How large is the population of+ 地点?”。
学会运用50: The p of India is growing quickly.
学会运用51: -___________ is the population of your city?-Over five million.
学会运用52: 北京有2100 多万人口。
Beijing has ________ ___________ _______ over 21 million people.
学会运用53: 中国人口众多。
China has _________ _________ ___________.
1 as…as... 像……一样……(教材P23)
归纳拓展
as…as… 意为“与……一样……”,两个 as 中间用形容词或副词的原级,第二个as 可用作介词(后接名词或代词),其否定结构为 not as/so...as..., 意为“不如……那样……”,也是一种表达比较级的形式,相当于“less+ 形容词/副词+than”, not as/so...as...可与比较级结构进行同义句转换。
学会运用1: -Is your father strict with you?-Yes. He takes my grades as ______ as my teachers do.
A. serious B. more serious C. seriously D. more seriously
学会运用2: My bike is not as fast as your car.(同义句转换)
My bike is ________ ________ your car.=My bike is ________ ________ ________ your car.
学会运用3: 这个蛋糕像蜂蜜一样甜。(翻译句子)
__________________________________________
2 have sth. in common 有共同之处(教材P24)
归纳拓展
have...in common 意为“有相同特征;(想法、兴趣等方面)相同”;have nothing in common 意为“没有共同点”。
学会运用4: ______ my surprise, the twins have nothing _____ common.
A. To; in B. With; in C. In; to D. To; of
学会运用5: 克莱尔和我有一个共同点:我们两个都擅长网球。
Claire and I _________ one thing _________ _________ : we are both good at tennis.
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