Unit 3 Same or Different Section A 单词短语知识点详解-2025-2026学年人教版(2024)英语八年级上册

2025-07-03
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Unit 3 Same or Different? Section A 单词短语知识详解 1 compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/ v. 比较;对比(教材P21) 归纳拓展 compare 动词,意为“比较”或“对比”。 compare 的用法: (1)compare A with/to B 把A 与B 对比,常用于两个同类事物之间的具体比较。 (2)compare with/to 与……类似 (3)compare A to B 把A 比作B,常用于两个不同性质的事物的抽象比较(表比喻)。 ► She compared her old car with the new one and found the new one more fuel-efficient. 她把自己的旧车与新车进行了比较,发现新车更省油。 ► Compare the weather in London with the weather in Paris. 比较伦敦和巴黎的天气。 ► The poet compared love to a rose, fragrant but thorny. 诗人将爱情比作玫瑰,芬芳却带刺。 学会运用1: ___________ (比较) with the past, the community canteens (食堂) are providing people, both young and old, with healthier and cheaper dishes now. 学会运用2: 我们常把老师比喻成蜡烛。 We often __________ a teacher __________ a candle. 学会运用3: 在迈克小时候,他的妈妈总是把他和其他的孩子做比较。 Mike’s mother always ___________ him __________ other children when he was young. 2 shy /ʃaɪ/ adj. 害羞的(教材P22) 归纳拓展 shy adj. 意为“害羞的”,在句中常作表语或定语。 shy 的副词形式是shyly,意为“害羞地”;名词形式是 shyness,意为“害羞”。 ►She is a shy girl who always keeps to herself.她是一个害羞的女孩,总是独来独往。 ► Tom often starts a conversation with a shy smile.汤姆经常害羞地笑着开始谈话。 ►He smiled shyly at her. 他害羞地对她笑了笑。 ► Despite her shyness, Jane still tries to make new friends at school. 尽管简很害羞,但她还是尝试在学校结交新朋友。 学会运用4: Don’t be __________ (害羞的) when you speak English in public. 学会运用5: Believe in yourself and you can overcome your __________ (shy). 学会运用6:对于一个害羞的学生来说,在课堂上发表演讲需要勇气。 __________ __________ __________ __________, it takes courage to give a speech in class. 3 lazy /'leɪzi/ adj. 懒惰的;懒洋洋的(教材P22) 归纳拓展 lazy adj. 懒惰的;懒洋洋的。其副词形式是lazily,名词形式是laziness;其比较级和最高级分别为lazier,laziest。 ► The cat is lazy and sleeps all day.这只猫很懒,整天都在睡觉。 ► He walked lazily down the street.他懒洋洋地沿着街道走。 ► His laziness has cost him his job.他的懒惰让他失去了工作。 学会运用7: I was feeling too l to go out. 学会运用8: This dog is _________ (lazy) than that one. 学会运用9: 我们在海滩上懒洋洋地度过了一天。 We spent _________ _________ _________ on the beach. 4 loud /laʊd/ adv. 大声地 adj. 大声的(教材P22) 归纳拓展 loud 可以作形容词,意为“大声的”,还可以作副词,意为“响亮地”。作副词时,loud,aloud 与loudly 的区别用法如下: 易混词 用法 loud 意为“大声地;响亮地”,强调声音响亮。 aloud 意为“大声地;出声地”,强调为了使人听见而发声,音量不一定大,常与read 等词连用。无比较级和最高级形式。 loudly 意为“大声地;喧闹地”,可形容人声、敲门声或其他声音。是loud(大声的)的副词形式 ►“What are you doing here?” the giant cried in a loud voice. 巨人大声喊道:“你们在这里干什么?” ► Can you speak louder? I can’t hear clearly. 你能说大声点吗? 我听不清。 ► He read the letter aloud to us. 他把信大声念给我们听。 ► The audience laughed loudly at the joke. 观众听到这笑话大笑起来。 ► Do you have to play that music so loud? 你非得把音乐放那么响吗? 学会运用10: Please read a to improve your pronunciation while learning English. 学会运用11: I heard someone knocking at the door _________ (loud). 学会运用12: The teacher listened to the children reading _______. A. loudly B. loud C. aloud D. quiet 学会运用13: 事实胜于雄辩。(翻译句子) _____________________________________________ 5outgoing /'aʊtɡəʊɪŋ / adj. 外向的(教材P22 ) 归纳拓展 outgoing 形容词,意为“外向的”,在句中常作表语或定语。 outgoing 的反义词是quiet,意为“安静的”;比较级和最高级分别是more outgoing 和the most outgoing。 ► Mary is an outgoing girl.玛丽是一位外向的女孩。 ► Among all the students in our class, Lily is the most outgoing. 在我们班所有的学生中,莉莉是最外向的。 ► I am more outgoing than my sister. 我比我姐姐更外向。 ► She is a quiet girl who prefers to read alone.她是一个安静的女孩,更喜欢独自阅读。 学会运用13: Do you know any __________ (joke) about animals? 学会运用14: 我的朋友们总拿我对比萨饼的热爱开玩笑。 My friends always __________ _____________ my love for pizza. 学会运用15: 请你再讲一遍那个笑话,好吗? Could you __________ _________ _________ again, please? 6 alone /ə'ləʊn/ adj. & adv. 独自;单独(教材P22) 归纳拓展 辨析: alone 与lonely alone 形容词 “单独的;独自的”,常用作表语。 强调客观上的单独状态,没有感情色彩。 副词 “独自;单独”, 相当于by oneself。 lonely 形容词 “孤独的;寂寞的”,指情感上的孤独,带有伤感色彩。 “偏僻的”,只用于名词前作定语。 一语辨异 Although he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely. 尽管他独自生活,可他并不感到孤独。 ►He was alone in the office. 他独自在办公室里。 ► He lives alone in a small house near a river.他独自居住在河边的一个小屋子里。 ► She felt lonely after her husband’s death.她丈夫去世后她感到孤独。 ► There is a lonely island in the middle of the lake.湖中央有一个偏僻的小岛。 学会运用23: Sara was there listening to the radio. She just wanted to be ________(单独)for a change. 学会运用24: 有时他独自待在河边看日落。 Sometimes he _________ _________ by the river to watch the sunset. 7 hard-working /hɑːd 'wɜːkɪŋ /adj. 勤奋的(教材P22) hard-working 为合成形容词,常作表语或定语;其反义词是lazy 懒惰的,比较级和最高级分别是more hard-working 和the most hard-working。 ► My friend is hard-working. He practices playing the piano every day. 我的朋友很勤奋,他每天都练习弹钢琴。 ► He is a hard-working student and always gets good grades. 他是一个勤奋的学生,总是取得好成绩。 ► Don’t be lazy. You should finish your tasks on time.不要偷懒,你应该按时完成你的任务。 ► She is working hard to improve her reading skills.她正在努力提高她的阅读能力。 辨析: hard-working 与working hard hard-working 是一个形容词,用来描述人的特质。 working hard 是一个动词短语,表示“正在努力工作/ 学习”。 一语辨异 Lisa is hard-working. She likes working hard on her school project. 丽莎很勤奋。她很喜欢努力学习学校的项目。 学会运用17: She is known for being __________________ (勤奋的) and dedicated to her work. 学会运用18: John is _____________________ (hard-working) than he was last year. 学会运用19: 她是我们班最勤奋的学生。 (翻译句子) ________________________________________________ 8 perform /pə'fɔːm/ v. 表演;执行(教材P22) 归纳拓展 perform 作及物动词,意为“表演;执行”。 perform 的同根词: (1)performance n. 表演;演出(-ance 是名词后缀;行为) (2)performer n. 表演者;演出者(-er 是名词后缀;执行者) ►He often performs the plays for the old.他经常为老人们表演戏剧。 ► Tomorrow, we will perform a fire drill to practice what to do in case of a fire. 明天,我们将进行消防演习,练习在发生火灾时应该做什么。 ► I enjoyed the magic show at the school performance.我喜欢学校表演中的魔术表演。 学会运用20: The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance _______________ (perform) which is quite popular these days. 学会运用21: Lion dance is usually p by two people dressed in a lion costume. 学会运用22: 这对双胞胎将在学校艺术节上表演舞蹈。 The twins will _________ __________ __________ at the school art festival. 9 solve /sɒlv/ v. 解决;解答(教材P22) 归纳拓展 solve 动词,意为“解决,解答”。常用短语: (1)solve the problem/problems 解决问题; (2)solve for 意为“求解……的值”或“解出……的解”,通常用于数学领域,表示求解某个未知数或变量。 solution n. 意为“解决方案”。 solvable adj.可以解决的 ►We need to solve the math problem together.我们需要一起解决这道数学题。 ► When you have a puzzle, you need to think hard to solve the problem. 当你遇到一个谜题时,你需要努力思考来解决问题。 ► Good students always try to solve problems by themselves. 好学生总是试着自己解决问题。 学会运用25: Can you help me __________(解决)this puzzle? 学会运用26: The _________ (solve) to the problem is quite simple. 学会运用27: 如果你有问题,请老师帮忙解决难题。 If you have a question, ask your teacher to help you _________ _________ _________. 10 congratulation /kənɡrætʃu'leɪʃn/ n. 祝贺;恭喜(教材P23) 归纳拓展 congratulation 是可数名词, 意为“祝贺”。通常用复数,是祝贺用语。 congratulate 是及物动词,意为“祝贺”。 congratulate sb. on sth. 意为“为某事向某人表示祝贺”。 动词加后缀-tion/-sion 变成名词的词: (1)connect 连接→ connection 联系;连接 (2)decide 决定→ decision 决定;抉择 (3)declare 宣布;声明→ declaration 宣布;声明 ► Congratulations on your success.祝贺你取得成功。 ► I congratulate you on winning the game.我祝贺你赢了比赛。 学会运用28: I received several __________________ (祝贺) on my promotion. 学会运用29: 我想就你最近取得的成就向你表示祝贺。 I would like to ______________ you ____________ your recent achievement. 11 prize /praɪz/ n. 奖;奖励(教材P23) prize n. 奖;奖励。 常见搭配:first prize 一等奖。 还可作形容词,意为“优秀的;应获奖的”。只能作定语。 还可作动词,意为“珍视;给……颁奖”。 ► I won a prize for drawing the best picture in my class. 我在班里画的画最好,赢得了一个奖品。 ► He is a prize student in our school. 他是我们学校的一位模范学生。 ► I prize my friendship with her very much. 我非常珍视和她的友谊。 ► The school will prize the best students at the end of the semester. 学校将在学期末给最优秀的学生颁奖。 学会运用30: Winning the scholarship was a great p for his hard work. 学会运用31: 她在写作比赛中被授予了一等奖。 She was awarded _________ __________ __________ in the writing contest. 12 attend /ə'tend / v. 参加;出席(教材P23) 归纳拓展 辨析: attend, join, join in 与take part in attend 常指出席(或参加)正式场合,如会议、讲座、婚礼或听报告等。 join 侧重指加入某党派、团体、组织、人群等,并成为其中的一员。 join in 多指参加小规模的活动:如球赛、游戏等,常用于日常口语。 take part in 指参加活动或比赛,并在其中起积极作用。 ► I will attend my friend’s birthday party this weekend.这个周末我要去参加我朋友的生日派对。 ► We need to attend the meeting to discuss the class trip plans. 我们需要参加会议来讨论班级旅行的计划。 ► She loves to attend art classes on Saturday mornings.她喜欢周六上午去上艺术课。 学会运用32: 从方框中选择适当的词汇填空 attend, join, join in, take part in (1) My parents often __________ important meetings at work. (2) I want to __________ the school’s basketball team. (3) Everyone is welcome to ___________ the discussion. (4) I ___________ the school’s science fair last year. 学会运用33: 我们需要参加下周的家长会。 We _________ _________ _________ the parent-teacher meeting next week. 13 besides /bɪ'saɪdz/ prep. 除……之外(还) adv. 而且(教材P23) 归纳拓展 辨析: besides, except, but 与except for besides 指“包括后者在内”,常与other,also 等词连用。 except 指“不包括后者在内”,其后可接不定式作宾语。当其前的动词是实义动词do 及其变化形式时,不定式常省去to。 but 指“不包括后者在内”,常和all,nobody 等不定代词连用,有时可与except 互换。 except for 意为“除去……之外;只是”,表示对人或事物先做出总体评价,然后就其局部提出看法,所排除的不是同一范畴的东西。 ►What other languages do you know besides English? 除了英语之外, 你还懂什么其他语言? ► He gets up early every day except Sunday.除了星期日之外, 他每天都早起。 ► I couldn’t do anything except just sit down and hope.我除了坐在那儿盼着,什么也做不了。 学会运用34: ______ English, we also learn math and Chinese at school. A. Except B. Besides C. Except for D. But 学会运用35: I have some other friends b you. 学会运用36: 除了学习,我还喜欢踢足球。 __________ __________, I also enjoy playing football. 14 spare /speə(r)/ adj. 空闲的; 备用的 v. 抽出;拨出(教材P23) 归纳拓展 spare 作形容词,意为“空闲的; 备用的”;也可作动词,意为“抽出;拨出”。 常见用法: (1)spare time 空闲时间; (2)in one’s spare time 在某人的空闲时间; (3)spare+时间+to do sth. 空出时间做某事。 ► I have a spare hour this afternoon.我今天下午有一个空余小时。 ► Do keep a spare tire in your car.务必在你的车里备一个备用轮胎。 ► I spared an hour to meet with him. 我留出一个小时跟他见面。 ► In my spare time, I like to play football with my friends. 在我的业余时间,我喜欢和朋友们踢足球。 学会运用37: Can you s a few minutes to help me with this problem? 学会运用38: I have a s key to the house in case I lose the main one. 学会运用39: 周末,我喜欢用空闲时间读书。 On weekends, I like to spend my ________ ________ reading books. 15 pleasure /'pleʒə(r)/ n. 乐事; 愉快; 荣幸(教材P23) 辨析: pleasure, pleasant 与pleased pleasure n. “愉快;高兴;满意;乐事”,多用于口语 pleasant adj. “令人高兴的;令人愉快的”,一般指天气、时间、旅行等令人感到高兴、愉快 pleased adj. “高兴的;愉快的”,表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快,其后常常带介词with ►Reading books is one of my greatest pleasures.读书是我最大的乐事之一。 ► Watching cartoons gives me great pleasure. 看动画片给我带来很大的乐趣。 ► We spent a very pleasant evening. 我们度过了一个很愉快的夜晚。 ► I am pleased that you have a new job.我很高兴你有了一份新工作。 ► It is a pleasure to welcome you to our home.很高兴欢迎您来我们家。 当你帮助他人并收到对方感谢时,应说“It’s a pleasure.”或“My pleasure.”;当别人请你帮忙,你乐意做时,则应说“With pleasure.”。 学会运用40: 从方框中选择适当的词填空。 pleasure, pleasant, pleased (1)My parents were very __________ with my grades. (2) I had a __________ chat with my teacher after class. (3) It’s a __________ to help others. 学会运用41: 如果你需要任何帮助,我会很乐意帮忙的。 If you need any help, I’ll do it __________ __________. 16 appearance /ə'pɪərəns/ n. 外表;露面(教材P24) appearance 名词,意为“外表;露面”;其动词形式为appear, 意为“出现”;反义词disappearance, 名词,意为“消失”,其动词形式为disappear,意为“消失;不见”。 ►She always pays attention to her appearance.她总是很注意自己的外表。 ► She made a rare appearance at the charity event last night. 她昨晚很少见地出席了那场慈善活动。 ► She appears (to be) a little bit worried.她看起来有点担心。 ► The cat’s disappearance made us very worried.猫的失踪让我们非常担心。 学会运用42: A good a can make a good impression on others. 学会运用43: Your name will a at the front of the book. 学会运用44: When spring comes, the snow and ice __________ (appear). 学会运用45: 新老师看起来很友好。 The new teacher has _______ ________ _____________. 17 personality/pɜːsə'næləti/n. 性格;品质(教材P24) ► She has a strong personality. 她性格坚强。 ► This is a personal letter, so please don’t read it.这是一封私人信件,所以请不要读。 ► I will personally attend to the matter. 我将亲自处理这件事。 ► I am a person who loves to read books. 我是一个喜欢读书的人。 学会运用46: He is known for his humorous __________ (person). He always makes people laugh. 学会运用47: I have a __________ (person) goal to learn how to swim this year. 学会运用48: The p who helped me today was very nice. 学会运用49: 我的朋友性格非常外向。 My friend has a very ____________ ____________. 18 population /pɒpju'leɪʃn/ n. 人口(教材P25) ►In many countries, the population is mainly concentrated in the cities. 在许多国家,人口主要集中在城市里。 ► Many parts of the world have become deserts now, but they once had large populations and produced plenty of crops. 世界上许多地区曾经人口众多, 五谷丰登, 而如今却成了沙漠。 表示人口“多”要用large 修饰,而不用 much/many; 表示人口“少”要用small 修饰,而不用 little/few。 population 作可数名词,意为“人口”,常与定冠词the 连用。作主语时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 当主语表示“人口的百分之几或几分之几”时,谓语动词多用复数形式。 population 多以单数形式出现,指某个国家、地区或城市的人口。若以复数形式出现,则指世界不同地区的人口。 归纳拓展 表示“某地有多少人口”有两种表达方式: (1)The population of + 某地+ is + 数词. (2)某地+ has a p opulation of + 数词. 询问“某地有多少人口”要用 what 或 how large 提问: “What’s the population of+ 地点?”或“How large is the population of+ 地点?”。 学会运用50: The p of India is growing quickly. 学会运用51: -___________ is the population of your city?-Over five million. 学会运用52: 北京有2100 多万人口。 Beijing has ________ ___________ _______ over 21 million people. 学会运用53: 中国人口众多。 China has _________ _________ ___________. 1 as…as... 像……一样……(教材P23) 归纳拓展 as…as… 意为“与……一样……”,两个 as 中间用形容词或副词的原级,第二个as 可用作介词(后接名词或代词),其否定结构为 not as/so...as..., 意为“不如……那样……”,也是一种表达比较级的形式,相当于“less+ 形容词/副词+than”, not as/so...as...可与比较级结构进行同义句转换。 学会运用1: -Is your father strict with you?-Yes. He takes my grades as ______ as my teachers do. A. serious B. more serious C. seriously D. more seriously 学会运用2: My bike is not as fast as your car.(同义句转换) My bike is ________ ________ your car.=My bike is ________ ________ ________ your car. 学会运用3: 这个蛋糕像蜂蜜一样甜。(翻译句子) __________________________________________ 2 have sth. in common 有共同之处(教材P24) 归纳拓展 have...in common 意为“有相同特征;(想法、兴趣等方面)相同”;have nothing in common 意为“没有共同点”。 学会运用4: ______ my surprise, the twins have nothing _____ common. A. To; in B. With; in C. In; to D. To; of 学会运用5: 克莱尔和我有一个共同点:我们两个都擅长网球。 Claire and I _________ one thing _________ _________ : we are both good at tennis. 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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Unit 3  Same or Different Section A 单词短语知识点详解-2025-2026学年人教版(2024)英语八年级上册
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Unit 3  Same or Different Section A 单词短语知识点详解-2025-2026学年人教版(2024)英语八年级上册
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Unit 3  Same or Different Section A 单词短语知识点详解-2025-2026学年人教版(2024)英语八年级上册
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