Unit 1 Back to school（重难词汇精练）英语译林版2020必修第一册

Unit 1 Back to school 重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、一词多用 2 题型四、单句语法填空 4 题型五、单词拼写 4 题型六、完成句子 7 综合攻坚·能力跃升 8 题型一、语篇语法填空 8 题型二、应用文写作 8 题型一、词性转换 1． ________ adj. 积极乐观的；良好的→________ adv. 肯定地；乐观地 2． ________ vt. 获得；得到→________ n. 取得；获得 3． ________ n. 行进，前进；进展，进步vt. &vi. 发展，进步→________ adj. 先进的；高级的 4． ________ adj. 令人大为惊奇的→________ adj. 大为惊奇的，惊讶的 →________ n. 惊异；惊愕 5． ________ n. 信心；信任；把握→________ adj. 自信的；确信的 6． ________ n. 均衡，平衡；平衡能力 vt. 同等重视；(使)保持平衡；权衡重要性→________ adj. 平衡的 7． ________ vt. & vi. 改善，改进→________ n. 改进，改善；提高 8． ________ adj. 负责，可靠的；有责任→________ n. 责任，职责；义务 9． ________ n. 细节；具体情况→________ adj. 详细的，精细的 10．________ n．贡献；捐款；捐赠→________ vt. 贡献，出力；投稿 11．________ adv．幸运地，幸亏→________ adj. 幸运的 12．________ vt．吸引，使喜爱；引起(反应)；招引→________ n. 吸引，吸引力 题型二、核心短语 1. __________________ 存在于，在于 2．_________________ 能够处理 3． ________________ 起作用， 有影响  4． ________________ 充分利用，尽情享受  5． ________________ 利用  6． ________________ 最后但同样重要的  7． ________________ 盼望， 期待  8． ________________ 由于  9． ________________ 坚持；固守，维持  10． ________________ 随着时间流逝，久而久之  题型三、一词多用 potential 1.A climate change researcher said the successful experiment could   (potential) benefit many countries. 2. The company certainly has the potential   growth.  3. He has the potential   (become) an extraordinary basketball player. 4. To give one more time, Mr. Keating is willing to inspire students’ talents and  (potential). senior 1. I was given the job, despite the fact that he is senior   me. 2. Few of the   (senior) prefer hiking and long cycle rides.  challenge 1. I once took up challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. 2. When I said I ran faster than her, she challenged me a race. 3. I enjoyed most of the classes, but some of them were quite   (challenge).  advance 1.With the help of the modern technology，we can complete the task advance. 2.Having shown you around our school，we will introduce our most _______ (advance) science lab to you. 3. It is known to us that we have made (advance) in the space technology in the past ten years. amazing 1.One was that I was (amaze) at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. 2. To my (amaze)，a brand­new stadium has been put up in our school. 3. It is really (amaze) for me to receive Bing Dwen Dwen as a gift.   make a difference 1.A health diet makes a   (different) to our health.  2. It made me realize that our small act of kindness can make them feel warm and make a great difference  them. 3. A few kind words at the right time make all the  (differ). equal 1.Any man will be equal to the task，as long as he is careful.You should give it a try. _________ 2.Be positive and cheerful，for your mental health is equal to your physical health. ____________ 3.Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories. _____________ 4.Beethoven was a world­famous musician，who had no equal in music. ______________ 5. Good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude are   (equal) important for high school students. 6. We call for (equal) between human rights balance 1. Before making the final decision，you'd better balance the advantages the disadvantages. 2. It is important for us to have a  (balance), healthy diet. responsible 1. I realized that I should be responsible not myself, but also for the society. 2. China has a (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 3. It was reported that the doctor had acted (responsible). 4. Chinese traditional festivals are an important part of Chinese culture, and it’s our responsibility (protect) and maintain them. focus 1.The news about the disease is always the focus us. 2. I’m happy that I have focused learning oral English and practiced a lot.   3. It will help you become more patient and (focus). detail 1.Now I’d like to go into （detail）of the topic. 2.I can make a （detail）introduction of our splendid culture.   3.I will tell you something about our celebration last week detail.   as a result of 1.As result, we have no chance to practice oral English.   2. The cyclone has (result) in many thousands of deaths. 3. As a result more and more air pollution，many species are dying out. base 1.I think we should base our choice our own interest.   2. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is _______ (base) on trust.   3. There are many good things about choosing the Great Wall as base for the study tour. remind 1. What the teacher said reminds me the saying—where there is a will, there is a way. 2. Passengers (remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train.   3. I chose it as a gift to show my appreciation and as a (remind) of my unforgettable time here with you.   proposal 1.Our proposal is that we _________ （set）up a Chinese painting club.   2.We make a (propose) that each student in our school donate at least 2 books.   3.He proposed (change) the name of the company. exchange 1.If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it any other course that we offer. 2.We students should often exchange ideas our parents, who are rich in experience, and above all, love us most in the world. 3. If you agree to our proposal, we’ll give you paper exchange for your timber. alarm 1.They should not be too (alarm) by the press reports, because everything was under control.   2.Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an (alarm) rate.   3. (alarm) by the sharp fall of the stock market, thousands and thousands of stockholders contribution 2.China will make its utmost efforts and contribution to (address) climate change in light of actual possibilities. 3.Nowadays, playing computer games too much contributes many health problems. 4.I’m sure your suggestions will contribute to （solve）the problem. fortunately 1.I was late, but (fortunate) the class hadn’t started. 2. I was fortunate （have）such attractive flowers in my home. attract 1.The festival was highly successful, (attract) over 10,000 people from over 20 communities. 2.Venice is one of the hottest tourist (attract) in the world.   3.Who is the young (attract) lady standing under the tree? 题型四、单句语法填空 1．Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical (advance) you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! 2．She tries hard to take advantage every opportunity that comes her way. 3．It is (amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly. 4．I hope I will develop (confident) in speaking English by joining an English-speaking club. 5．In modern times, men and women enjoy (equal) in many walks of life. 6．High school students have the opportunity （exchange）ideas and experiences in various clubs and organizations. 7．A daily planner serves as a (remind) for high school students to stay organized and manage their time effectively. 8． (individual) should take responsibility for their actions 9．In this competitive society, we should seize every chance to create more (opportunity). 10．One of the (goal) that Huawei has set is to achieve independent chip production. 11 During the Paris Olympics each athlete, whatever their nationality is, made every effort (rise) to the challenge and tried to realize their potential. 12．You can’t imagine the great difficulty I had (balance) my schoolwork and leisure time. 13．Although sky well buildings have existed in China for hundreds of years, in recent times they have often been forgotten by people who prefer modern (facility). 14．It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make real difference. 15．A health diet makes a (different) to our health. 16．The expert’s lecture, (focus) on future transportation, attracted a large audience. 17．I made a (propose) that we should have it debated for several times at the meeting. 18．I usually go to bed at ten o’clock at night and I can’t get used to (stay) up late.   19．Chen Wangting, a 17th-century master of Chinese martial arts, developed tai chi (base) on martial arts skills. 20． The school’s annual science fair is an (attract) event where students can showcase their creativity and research skills. 21. This semester our school offers many (option) courses for the students, each of which appeals to many students. 22．Each student’s (contribute) to group projects in high school is essential for the success of the entire team. 23．Shelly had prepared carefully for her (biological) examination so that she could be sure of passing it at her first attempt. 24．In the debate competition, the team members showed a (profession) attitude by preparing thoroughly and presenting their arguments logically. 25． (aim) at spreading traditional Chinese culture through English, a “Stories of China Retold in English” Challenge was held in our school. 26．The artist combines different (technical) in the same painting. 27. Literary (style) can transport us to different worlds, evoke emotions and leave a lasting impact on our souls. 28．The existing abacuses have different shapes and are made of different (material). 29．As a result a serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need to be repaired. 30．I’ve heard Tom is expert at designing, so I’d like him to do me the favor to help create a (post). 31．She finds it impossible to stick a diet. 32．Despite the fact that people took measures to prevent the disease, it has spread at an (alarm) rate. 33．French doctors tend to regard drug (dependent) as a form of deep-rooted psychological disorder. 34． (fortunate), there is little prospect of seeing these big questions addressed. 35． As a citizen, we need to take (responsible) for advocating healthy lifestyle and looking after our own health. 36．（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）For the past few years, Wuzhen (host) the World Internet Conference, which makes life in this ancient town much more convenient than it has been. 37． the novel has won widespread praise for its unique themes, some readers still find it difficult to follow the complex plot. 38． My friend used to dislike the smell of cilantro, so finding himself to it because of the beef noodle soup would definitely be the last thing he wants to admit. (attract) 39．They are likely to respond (positive) to the President’s request for aid. 40．Apart from the compulsory exercises, there are also voluntary or (option) exercises. 题型五、单词拼写 1．Going from junior high school to senior high school is a real big c (挑战). 2．We should take (积极的) steps to protect the environment. 3．We should make full use of (资源) to avoid waste. 4．What is the a (态度) of the speaker towards foreign language learning? 5．The collection gives students the o (机会) of reading works by well-known authors. 6．He always laughs at his classmates. No one can stand his bad (态度). 7．Schools should be lively places where (个人) are capable of developing to their greatest potential. 8．We were late getting to the airport, but , (幸运地) our plane was delayed, 9．As is widely accepted, students should have easy access to labs, libraries and other (设施) at school. 10．I’ll try to improve my English in high school and I’m sure all my e will pay off. 11．The school (书法) club organized an exhibition where students could display their works and share their knowledge of the art. 12．The educational reform is now underway throughout the country, giving the students more opportunities to develop their greatest (潜力). 13．We have been looking forward to (改善) our environment. 14．Would you please offer me some constructive t on how to battle against the hardships? 15．This new pop song (使想起) me of an old song. 16．For the school event, students were tasked with creating (海报) that showed their understanding of different scientific concepts.   17．One of the p put forward during the meeting is promoting students’ fitness and health. 18．We will examine the wording in d (细节) before deciding on the final text. 19．Elon Musk’s companies have made great c to electric vehicles and space technology. 20．Her (目标) is to release her own album as well as to perform on the international music stage. 题型六、完成句子 1．她突然想到可以利用自己的绘画技巧来弥补损失。 It occurred to her that she could her painting skills to make up for the loss. 2．当我们回顾高中时光时，会为自己充分利用每一个学习和成长机会而感到自豪。 When we our high school years, we will be proud that we every opportunity to learn, and grow. 3．做一些小事有助于增强我们的信心。 Doing small things can contribute to . 4．正是通过他的努力，他才获得了这场比赛的冠军。（强调句） he got the first prize in the competition. 5．他们认为保护环境是一个很大的挑战。 They consider . 6．Rose 正期待着在机构里提升工作能力。 Rose is her working ability in an organisation. 7．在父母的鼓励下，他逐渐对生活有了积极的态度。 With his parents’ encouragement, he gradually developed . 8．不是我们一时所做之事而正是我们一贯所做之事影响我们的一生。 It’s not what we do once in a while but what we do continuously to our life. 9．最后但同样重要的是，每天要保证有充足的睡眠时间。 , make sure to get enough sleep every day. 10．令人惊叹的是，这里竟然有8，000多座雕像。 there are more than 8,000 statues. 题型一、语篇语法填空 （2024-2025学年高一上学期期中·山东省泰安市宁阳县金桥学校）I’m Adam, 1 freshman at senior high school. The first week was a little 2 (confuse). There were some 3 (challenge) I have to face in my new school life. First, I had to think carefully about my courses. Chinese is hard to learn, but I hope I can speak it 4 (fluent) when I graduate. My adviser 5 (recommend) me to sign up for advanced literature because I’m good 6 it. Second, I had to choose my extra-curricular activities. I tried 7 (join) the school football team but I couldn’t do well in 8 . Besides that, I joined a volunteer club. In order to be well 9 (prepare) for university or whatever else 10 (come) in the future, I make up my mind to study harder and get used to new situations. 题型二、应用文写作 （2024-2025高一上·南京市实验学校）假定你是李华，最近你的英国笔友Tom给你写了一封电子邮件，询问你进入高中后学校生活的情况。请你给他回封电子邮件介绍你的高中生活。 Dear Tom, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Li Hua 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Back to school 重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、一词多用 2 题型四、单句语法填空 5 题型五、单词拼写 5 题型六、完成句子 13 综合攻坚·能力跃升 15 题型一、语篇语法填空 15 题型二、应用文写作 16 题型一、词性转换 1． ________ adj. 积极乐观的；良好的→________ adv. 肯定地；乐观地 2． ________ vt. 获得；得到→________ n. 取得；获得 3． ________ n. 行进，前进；进展，进步vt. &vi. 发展，进步→________ adj. 先进的；高级的 4． ________ adj. 令人大为惊奇的→________ adj. 大为惊奇的，惊讶的 →________ n. 惊异；惊愕 5． ________ n. 信心；信任；把握→________ adj. 自信的；确信的 6． ________ n. 均衡，平衡；平衡能力 vt. 同等重视；(使)保持平衡；权衡重要性→________ adj. 平衡的 7． ________ vt. & vi. 改善，改进→________ n. 改进，改善；提高 8． ________ adj. 负责，可靠的；有责任→________ n. 责任，职责；义务 9． ________ n. 细节；具体情况→________ adj. 详细的，精细的 10．________ n．贡献；捐款；捐赠→________ vt. 贡献，出力；投稿 11．________ adv．幸运地，幸亏→________ adj. 幸运的 12．________ vt．吸引，使喜爱；引起(反应)；招引→________ n. 吸引，吸引力 【答案】1. positive; positively 2. acquire; acquisition 3. advance; advanced 4. amazing; amazed; amazement 5． confidence ;confident 6. balance; balanced 7. improve; improvement 8. responsible; responsibility 9． detail ;detailed 10. contribution; contribute 11. fortunately; fortunate 12. attract; attraction 题型二、核心短语 1. __________________ 存在于，在于 2．_________________ 能够处理 3． ________________ 起作用， 有影响  4． ________________ 充分利用，尽情享受  5． ________________ 利用  6． ________________ 最后但同样重要的  7． ________________ 盼望， 期待  8． ________________ 由于  9． ________________ 坚持；固守，维持  10． ________________ 随着时间流逝，久而久之  【答案】 1. lie in 2. rise to 3. make a difference 4. make the most of 5. take advantage of 6. last but not least 7. look forward to 8． as a result of 9. stick to 10. over time 题型三、一词多用 potential 1.A climate change researcher said the successful experiment could   (potential) benefit many countries. 2. The company certainly has the potential   growth.  3. He has the potential   (become) an extraordinary basketball player. 4. To give one more time, Mr. Keating is willing to inspire students’ talents and  (potential). 【答案】1. potentially 2. for 3. to become 4. potentials senior 1. I was given the job, despite the fact that he is senior   me. 2. Few of the   (senior) prefer hiking and long cycle rides.  【答案】1.to 2.seniors challenge 1. I once took up challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. 2. When I said I ran faster than her, she challenged me a race. 3. I enjoyed most of the classes, but some of them were quite   (challenge).  【答案】1.a 2. to 3. challenging advance 1.With the help of the modern technology，we can complete the task advance. 2.Having shown you around our school，we will introduce our most _______ (advance) science lab to you. 3. It is known to us that we have made (advance) in the space technology in the past ten years. 【答案】1.in 2. advanced 3. advances amazing 1.One was that I was (amaze) at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. 2. To my (amaze)，a brand­new stadium has been put up in our school. 3. It is really (amaze) for me to receive Bing Dwen Dwen as a gift.   【答案】1.amazed 2. amazement 3. amazing make a difference 1.A health diet makes a   (different) to our health.  2. It made me realize that our small act of kindness can make them feel warm and make a great difference  them. 3. A few kind words at the right time make all the  (differ). 【答案】1.difference 2. to 3. differences equal 1.Any man will be equal to the task，as long as he is careful.You should give it a try. _________ 2.Be positive and cheerful，for your mental health is equal to your physical health. ____________ 3.Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories. _____________ 4.Beethoven was a world­famous musician，who had no equal in music. ______________ 5. Good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude are   (equal) important for high school students. 6. We call for (equal) between human rights 【答案】1. adj.能胜任的2. adj.同等的3. vt.等于，比得上 4. n.同等的人 5. equally 6. equality balance 1. Before making the final decision，you'd better balance the advantages the disadvantages. 2. It is important for us to have a  (balance), healthy diet. 【答案】1. against/ with/ and 2. balanced responsible 1. I realized that I should be responsible not myself, but also for the society. 2. China has a (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 3. It was reported that the doctor had acted (responsible). 4. Chinese traditional festivals are an important part of Chinese culture, and it’s our responsibility (protect) and maintain them. 【答案】1. for 2. responsibility 3.responsibly 4. to protect focus 1.The news about the disease is always the focus us. 2. I’m happy that I have focused learning oral English and practiced a lot.   3. It will help you become more patient and (focus). 【答案】1. of 2. on 3.focused detail 1.Now I’d like to go into （detail）of the topic. 2.I can make a （detail）introduction of our splendid culture.   3.I will tell you something about our celebration last week detail.   【答案】1. details 2. detailed 3.in as a result of 1.As result, we have no chance to practice oral English.   2. The cyclone has (result) in many thousands of deaths. 3. As a result more and more air pollution，many species are dying out. 【答案】1. as 2. resulted 3.of base 1.I think we should base our choice our own interest.   2. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is _______ (base) on trust.   3. There are many good things about choosing the Great Wall as base for the study tour. 【答案】1. on 2. based 3.a remind 1. What the teacher said reminds me the saying—where there is a will, there is a way. 2. Passengers (remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train.   3. I chose it as a gift to show my appreciation and as a (remind) of my unforgettable time here with you.   【答案】1. of 2. are reminded 3. reminder proposal 1.Our proposal is that we _________ （set）up a Chinese painting club.   2.We make a (propose) that each student in our school donate at least 2 books.   3.He proposed (change) the name of the company. 【答案】1. (should) set 2. proposal 3.changing exchange 1.If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it any other course that we offer. 2.We students should often exchange ideas our parents, who are rich in experience, and above all, love us most in the world. 3. If you agree to our proposal, we’ll give you paper exchange for your timber. 【答案】1. for 2. with 3.in alarm 1.They should not be too (alarm) by the press reports, because everything was under control.   2.Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an (alarm) rate.   3. (alarm) by the sharp fall of the stock market, thousands and thousands of stockholders 【答案】1. alarmed 2. alarming 3.Alarmed contribution 2.China will make its utmost efforts and contribution to (address) climate change in light of actual possibilities. 3.Nowadays, playing computer games too much contributes many health problems. 4.I’m sure your suggestions will contribute to （solve）the problem. 【答案】1. addressing 2. to 3.solving fortunately 1.I was late, but (fortunate) the class hadn’t started. 2. I was fortunate （have）such attractive flowers in my home. 【答案】1. fortunately 2. to have attract 1.The festival was highly successful, (attract) over 10,000 people from over 20 communities. 2.Venice is one of the hottest tourist (attract) in the world.   3.Who is the young (attract) lady standing under the tree? 【答案】1. attracting 2. attractions 3.attractive 题型四、单句语法填空 1．Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical (advance) you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! 【答案】advances 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：谁知道你们将创造出多么美丽的艺术作品，你们将取得什么样的医学进步，或者你们将开发出多么惊人的技术！根据后文technologies可知，此处数量大于一，应用复数形式。故填advances。 2．She tries hard to take advantage every opportunity that comes her way. 【答案】of 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：她努力抓住每一个出现在她面前的机会。take advantage of为固定短语，意为“利用……”，其中of为介词，后跟名词作宾语。故填of。 3．It is (amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly. 【答案】amazing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个男孩能这么快地解决这个问题，真是令人惊讶。此处应用形容词作表语，修饰主语it所指代的事情，应用-ing结尾形容词amazing，意为“令人惊讶的”。故填amazing。 4．I hope I will develop (confident) in speaking English by joining an English-speaking club. 【答案】confidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：我希望通过加入一个英语俱乐部，我能在说英语方面增强自信。根据句意可知，此处表示“增强自信”，应用名词confidence作宾语，表示“自信”，为不可数名词。故填confidence。 5．In modern times, men and women enjoy (equal) in many walks of life. 【答案】equality 【详解】考查名词。句意：在现代，男性和女性在生活的许多方面都享有平等的权利。根据句意可知，此处表示“享有平等的权利”，应用名词equality“平等”作动词enjoy的宾语，equality为不可数名词。故填equality。 6．High school students have the opportunity （exchange）ideas and experiences in various clubs and organizations. 【答案】to exchange 【详解】考查动词不定式。 句意：高中生有机会在各种俱乐部和组织中交流想法和经验。opportunity后常用不定式作后置定语，表示“做某事的机会”。故填to exchange。 7．A daily planner serves as a (remind) for high school students to stay organized and manage their time effectively. 【答案】reminder 【详解】考查名词。句意：每日计划可以提醒高中生保持条理，有效地管理他们的时间。空处作宾语，由a可知应用名词单数reminder，故填reminder。 8． (individual) should take responsibility for their actions 【答案】Individuals 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：个人应该对自己的行为负责。individual是可数名词，结合their可知应用名词复数形式作主语，位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Individuals。 9．In this competitive society, we should seize every chance to create more (opportunity). 【答案】opportunities 【详解】考查名词。句意：在这个竞争激烈的社会中，我们应该抓住每一个机会创造更多的机遇。opportunity为可数名词，根据空前的more可知，空处需用名词复数形式作宾语。故填opportunities。 10．One of the (goal) that Huawei has set is to achieve independent chip production. 【答案】goals 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：华为设定的目标之一是实现独立的芯片生产。根据句意及空前“One of the”可知，空处应用名词复数形式goals。“one of + the + 可数名词复数”是固定表达，意为“……之一”。故填goals。 11 During the Paris Olympics each athlete, whatever their nationality is, made every effort (rise) to the challenge and tried to realize their potential. 【答案】to rise 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在巴黎奥运会期间，每一位运动员，不论国籍，都竭尽全力迎接挑战，努力发挥自己的潜力。短语make every effort to do sth.表示“尽一切努力做某事”。故填to rise。 12．You can’t imagine the great difficulty I had (balance) my schoolwork and leisure time. 【答案】balancing 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：你无法想象我在平衡学业和休闲时间方面所遇到的巨大困难。I had (balance) my schoolwork and leisure time. 是定语从句，先行词是difficulty，从句省略了关系代词。从句中出现一个固定句型have difficulty doing sth.，意思是“做某事有困难”，所以应该将balance变成balancing。故答案是balancing。 13．Although sky well buildings have existed in China for hundreds of years, in recent times they have often been forgotten by people who prefer modern (facility). 【答案】facilities 【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管天井式建筑在中国已经存在了数百年，但近年来，它们常常被那些更喜欢现代设施的人们所遗忘。facility为可数名词，表示泛指用复数形式，故填facilities。 14．It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make real difference. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：这表明急救知识可以产生真正的影响。make a(n)...difference意为“产生……影响，起……作用”，为固定搭配，空后的real发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 15．A health diet makes a (different) to our health. 【答案】difference 【详解】考查名词。句意：健康的饮食对我们的健康产生影响。make a difference是固定短语，意为“产生影响”，其中difference是名词，句中作宾语。故填difference。 16．The expert’s lecture, (focus) on future transportation, attracted a large audience. 【答案】focusing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：专家的讲座聚焦未来的交通，吸引了大量观众。句子有谓语动词attracted，因此空处应填入非谓语动词。所给动词focus与主语lecture之间是主动关系，关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填focusing。 17．I made a (propose) that we should have it debated for several times at the meeting. 【答案】proposal 【详解】考查名词。句意：我提议我们在会议上多次讨论这个问题。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，propose的名词形式是proposal“提议，建议”，作宾语。故填proposal。 18．I usually go to bed at ten o’clock at night and I can’t get used to (stay) up late.   【答案】staying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我通常晚上十点上床睡觉，我不习惯熬夜。固定短语get used to“习惯于”中的to是介词，后面应接名词或动名词作宾语，设空处填stay的动名词形式。故填staying。 19．Chen Wangting, a 17th-century master of Chinese martial arts, developed tai chi (base) on martial arts skills. 【答案】based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：17世纪的中国武术大师陈王廷发展了以武术技巧为基础的太极拳。此处非谓语动词base与tai chi构成逻辑被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填based。 20． The school’s annual science fair is an (attract) event where students can showcase their creativity and research skills. 【答案】attractive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：学校一年一度的科学博览会是一个吸引人的活动，学生们可以在这里展示他们的创造力和研究技能。空处修饰名词event，应填形容词attractive作定语，故填attractive。 21. This semester our school offers many (option) courses for the students, each of which appeals to many students. 【答案】optional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这学期我们学校为学生开设了许多选修课，每一门课程都吸引了很多学生。空处修饰名词courses，应填形容词作定语，故填optional。 22．Each student’s (contribute) to group projects in high school is essential for the success of the entire team. 【答案】contribution 【详解】考查名词。句意：在高中，每个学生对小组项目的贡献对整个团队的成功至关重要。空处作主语，前面有名词所有格修饰，应用名词形式，故填contribution。 23．Shelly had prepared carefully for her (biological) examination so that she could be sure of passing it at her first attempt. 【答案】Biology 【详解】考查名词。句意：Shelly为她的生物考试做了仔细的准备，这样她就有把握第一次就能及格。结合“examination”可知，此处指“生物考试”，指学科使用名词Biology作定语，首字母应大写，故填Biology。 24．In the debate competition, the team members showed a (profession) attitude by preparing thoroughly and presenting their arguments logically. 【答案】professional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在辩论赛中，队员们充分准备，逻辑陈述，表现出了专业的态度。 空格前有冠词a，后接名词attitude，因此需要形容词修饰名词。profession（名词，职业）的形容词形式是professional“专业的”。故填professional。 25． (aim) at spreading traditional Chinese culture through English, a “Stories of China Retold in English” Challenge was held in our school. 【答案】Aimed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了用英语传播中国传统文化，我校举办了“用英语讲中国故事”挑战赛。短语be aimed at 意为“目的是；旨在”，此处为过去分词短语作状语，首字母大写。故填Aimed。 26．The artist combines different (technical) in the same painting. 【答案】techniques 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位艺术家在同一幅画作中融合了不同的技法。根据句意和空格前的动词combines可知，空格处应该用名词technique作宾语，可数名词，由形容词different可知，此处应该用复数形式。故填techniques。 27. Literary (style) can transport us to different worlds, evoke emotions and leave a lasting impact on our souls. 【答案】styles 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：文学风格可以把我们带到不同的世界，唤起情感，并对我们的灵魂留下持久的影响。根据空前的Literary可知，Literary是形容词，空处应用名词形式，style“风格”为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用复数形式styles，作主语。故填styles。 28．The existing abacuses have different shapes and are made of different (material). 【答案】materials 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：现存的算盘形状各异，材料也不尽相同。根据空前different可知，这里需用名词复数形式。故填materials。 29．As a result a serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need to be repaired. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：由于一场严重的洪水，该地区三分之二的建筑物需要修复。分析句子结构可知，此处应为固定短语as a result of意为“由于”符合句意。故填of。 30．I’ve heard Tom is expert at designing, so I’d like him to do me the favor to help create a (post). 【答案】poster 【详解】考查名词。句意：我听说汤姆是设计专家，所以我想请他帮我做一张海报。分析句子可知，空处应填名词poster“海报”在句中构成动宾结构，根据a可知，要用单数形式。故填poster。 31．She finds it impossible to stick a diet. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：她发现坚持节食是不可能的。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语stick to意为“坚持”符合句意。故填to。 32．Despite the fact that people took measures to prevent the disease, it has spread at an (alarm) rate. 【答案】alarming 【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管人们采取了措施来预防这种疾病，但它的传播速度惊人。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用形容词alarming“令人惊慌的，使人惊恐的”，作定语，修饰名词rate。故填alarming。 33．French doctors tend to regard drug (dependent) as a form of deep-rooted psychological disorder. 【答案】dependence 【详解】考查名词。句意：法国医生倾向于将药物依赖视为一种根深蒂固的心理障碍。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用名词dependence“依赖”，作regard的宾语。故填dependence。 34． (fortunate), there is little prospect of seeing these big questions addressed. 【答案】Unfortunately 【详解】考查副词。句意：不幸的是，这些重大问题几乎没有得到解决的希望。结合语意，“这些重大问题几乎没有得到解决的希望”可知，这是“不幸的”，空处修饰整个句子，应用副词unfortunately，表示“不幸的是”，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Unfortunately。 35． As a citizen, we need to take (responsible) for advocating healthy lifestyle and looking after our own health. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名公民，我们有责任倡导健康的生活方式，照顾好自己的健康。分析句子可知，空处作take的宾语，名词responsibility“责任”符合题意，take responsibility for (doing) sth.是固定短语，意为“承担（做）某事的责任”。故填responsibility。 36．（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）For the past few years, Wuzhen (host) the World Internet Conference, which makes life in this ancient town much more convenient than it has been. 【答案】has hosted 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，乌镇主办了世界互联网大会，这使得这个古镇的生活比以前方便多了。根据时间状语For the past few years可知，此处用现在完成时态，主语是Wuzhen，第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has hosted。 37． the novel has won widespread praise for its unique themes, some readers still find it difficult to follow the complex plot. 【答案】Although/Though 【详解】考查连词。句意：尽管这部小说因其独特的主题赢得了广泛赞誉，但一些读者仍然觉得难以跟上复杂的情节。“the novel has won widespread praise for its unique themes”表示小说有优点，“some readers still find it difficult to follow the complex plot”表示读者有阅读困难，前后句之间存在让步关系，用从属连词although或者though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Although/Though。 38． My friend used to dislike the smell of cilantro, so finding himself to it because of the beef noodle soup would definitely be the last thing he wants to admit. (attract) 【答案】attracted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的朋友过去不喜欢香菜的味道，所以发现自己因为牛肉面汤而被香菜吸引肯定是他最不愿意承认的事情。空处是宾补，attract和宾语himself之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作宾补，故填attracted。 39．They are likely to respond (positive) to the President’s request for aid. 【答案】positively 【详解】考查副词。句意：他们可能会积极响应总统的援助请求。空处修饰空前的动词，应该用副词修饰。故填positively。 40．Apart from the compulsory exercises, there are also voluntary or (option) exercises. 【答案】optional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：除了强制练习外，还有自愿练习或选修练习。分析句子，设空处使用option的形容词optional作定语，修饰名词，意为“可选择的，选修的”。故填optional。 题型五、单词拼写 1．Going from junior high school to senior high school is a real big c (挑战). 【答案】challenge/hallenge 【详解】考查名词。句意：从初中升入高中确实是一个很大的挑战。“挑战”作表语，根据首字母提示，用可数名词challenge，结合冠词a可知，用单数形式。故填challenge。 2．We should take (积极的) steps to protect the environment. 【答案】positive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们应该采取积极的措施保护环境。空格处应该填写意为“积极的”形容词作定语，修饰名词steps“步骤、措施”，故positive“积极的”符合语境。故填positive。 3．We should make full use of (资源) to avoid waste. 【答案】resources 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该充分利用资源，避免浪费。分析句意可知，此处需要填写名词表示“资源”，在句中作介词of的宾语，名词resource“资源”符合语境，该词常用复数形式。故答案为resources。 4．What is the a (态度) of the speaker towards foreign language learning? 【答案】attitude/ttitude 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位演讲者对于外语学习持什么样的态度？根据“the”可知，空处应用名词，作主语；根据中英文提示，attitude为名词，表示“态度”，符合句意，结合句中is可知应用单数形式。故填attitude。 5．The collection gives students the o (机会) of reading works by well-known authors. 【答案】opportunity/pportunity 【详解】考查名词。句意：该系列为学生提供了阅读知名作家作品的机会。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示“机会”可知，空格处涉及单词“opportunity”，意为“机会”，为可数名词，句中特指阅读知名作家作品的机会，故应用其单数形式，作直接宾语。故填opportunity。 6．He always laughs at his classmates. No one can stand his bad (态度). 【答案】attitude 【详解】考查名词。句意：他总是嘲笑他的同学。没有人能忍受他的恶劣态度。表示“态度”使用名词attitude，在句中作宾语，故填attitude。 7．Schools should be lively places where (个人) are capable of developing to their greatest potential. 【答案】individuals 【详解】考查名词。句意：学校应该是充满活力的地方，个人能够在这里发挥最大的潜力。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词individual，在where引导的定语从句中作主语，由空后are可知，应用名词复数形式。故填individuals。 8．We were late getting to the airport, but , (幸运地) our plane was delayed, 【答案】fortunately/luckily 【详解】考查副词。句意：我们到机场晚了，但幸运的是我们的飞机误点了。句中用副词形式作状语，修饰整个句子。“幸运地”英文为fortunately/luckily。根据汉语提示及句意，故填fortunately/luckily。 9．As is widely accepted, students should have easy access to labs, libraries and other (设施) at school. 【答案】facilities 【详解】考查名词。句意：人们普遍认为，学生应该能方便地使用实验室、图书馆和学校的其他设施。“设施”应用名词facility，作介词to的宾语，且facility作“设施”使用时，通常用复数形式。故填facilities。 10．I’ll try to improve my English in high school and I’m sure all my e will pay off. 【答案】efforts/fforts 【详解】考查名词。句意：在高中我将努力提高我的英语，我相信我所有的努力会得到回报。空处应填名词作从句主语，结合句意及首字母提示可知，effort“努力”，可数名词，由all可知此处应用复数形式，故填efforts。 11．The school (书法) club organized an exhibition where students could display their works and share their knowledge of the art. 【答案】calligraphy 【详解】考查名词。句意：学校书法俱乐部组织了一个展览，学生们可以展示他们的作品，分享他们的艺术知识。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词calligraphy，修饰名词club，作定语。故填calligraphy。 12．The educational reform is now underway throughout the country, giving the students more opportunities to develop their greatest (潜力). 【答案】potential 【详解】考查名词。句意：教育改革正在全国范围内进行，给学生更多的机会发展他们最大的潜力。表示“潜力”使用名词potential，为不可数名词，在句中作宾语。故填potential。 13．We have been looking forward to (改善) our environment. 【答案】improving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们一直都在期待着改善我们的环境。根据汉语提示“改善”可知，此处应用动词improve。“look forward to”是固定短语，意为“期待；盼望”，其中“to”是介词，后面接动词时要用动词-ing形式，即动名词形式。故填 improving。 14．Would you please offer me some constructive t on how to battle against the hardships? 【答案】tips/ips 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：你能给我一些关于如何战胜困难的建设性建议吗？根据单词首字母及句意“建议”及空前的some constructive可知应填名词复数形式tips，作宾语，故填tips。 15．This new pop song (使想起) me of an old song. 【答案】reminds 【详解】考查动词。句意：这首新流行歌曲让我想起一首老歌。根据汉语提示“使想起”可知，本空用动词remind，句子描述经常或习惯性动作，时态用一般现在时，主语This new pop song为第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数reminds。故填reminds。 16．For the school event, students were tasked with creating (海报) that showed their understanding of different scientific concepts.   【答案】posters 【详解】考查名词。句意：在学校活动中，学生们的任务是制作能展示他们对不同科学概念理解的海报。“海报”作宾语，用可数名词poster，根据语境，学生们要制作的海报不止一张，用复数形式。故填posters。 17．One of the p put forward during the meeting is promoting students’ fitness and health. 【答案】proposals/roposals 【详解】考查名词。句意：会议期间提出的一个建议是促进学生的健身和健康。根据句意和首字母可知，此空应填proposal，表“提议”，为可数名词，且One of后应用可数名词复数形式。故填proposals。 18．We will examine the wording in d (细节) before deciding on the final text. 【答案】detail/etail 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们将详细审查措辞，然后再决定最后的案文。根据中英文提示可知应用名词detail，构成短语in detail表示“详细地”。故填detail。 19．Elon Musk’s companies have made great c to electric vehicles and space technology. 【答案】contributions/ontributions 【详解】考查名词。句意：埃隆·马斯克的公司为电动汽车和太空技术做出了巨大贡献。此处为名词作宾语，根据首字母“c”及句意可知，此处应为名词contribution，意为“贡献”， make contributions to...，意为“为……做出贡献”，所以此处使用名词复数形式。故填contributions。 20．Her (目标) is to release her own album as well as to perform on the international music stage. 【答案】aim/goal 【详解】考查名词。句意：她的目标是发行自己的专辑，并登上国际音乐舞台表演。根据汉语提示“目标”，以及空前的形容词性物主代词her可知，此处应填名词aim/goal，根据is可知，用单数形式作主语。故填aim/goal。 题型六、完成句子 1．她突然想到可以利用自己的绘画技巧来弥补损失。 It occurred to her that she could her painting skills to make up for the loss. 【答案】 take advantage of 【详解】考查动词短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“利用”，是固定短语take advantage of，could是情态动词，take用原形，故填take；advantage；of。 2．当我们回顾高中时光时，会为自己充分利用每一个学习和成长机会而感到自豪。 When we our high school years, we will be proud that we every opportunity to learn, and grow. 【答案】 look back on make the most of 【详解】考查动词短语。第一空表示“回顾”短语为look back on，且为一般现在时表将来，主语为we，谓语用原形；第二空表示“充分利用”短语为make the most of，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为we，谓语用原形。故填①look back on；②make the most of。 3．做一些小事有助于增强我们的信心。 Doing small things can contribute to . 【答案】 building up our confidence 【详解】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。根据所给中文句子和英文翻译可知，需翻译部分是“增强我们的信心”，“增强”可用固定搭配：build up意为“逐步的增长”，空前的to为介词，应用动名词形式，“我们的信心”作宾语，译为“our confidence”。故填①building，②up，③our，④confidence。 4．正是通过他的努力，他才获得了这场比赛的冠军。（强调句） he got the first prize in the competition. 【答案】It was through his efforts that 【详解】考查强调句。根据“got”可知，使用一般过去时，表示“通过他的努力”应用through his efforts；表示“正是通过他的努力”应用强调句结构“It was+被强调部分+ that/ who+其他部分”，此处强调状语“through his efforts that(通过他的努力)”。故填It was through his efforts that。 5．他们认为保护环境是一个很大的挑战。 They consider . 【答案】it a great challenge to protect the environment 【详解】考查固定句型。consider it + n. + to do sth. 表示“认为做某事是……”，it为形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语；表示“很大的”应用great；表示“挑战”应用challenge；表示“保护环境”应用protect the environment，此处为动词不定式作宾语。故填it a great challenge to protect the environment。 6．Rose 正期待着在机构里提升工作能力。 Rose is her working ability in an organisation. 【答案】 looking forward to improving 【详解】考查动词短语和动名词。根据句意，此处表示“期待”为look forward to，与主语之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式与is构成现在进行时，表示“提升”为improve，位于介词to之后，所以使用动名词形式作宾语。故填①looking②forward③to④improving。 7．在父母的鼓励下，他逐渐对生活有了积极的态度。 With his parents’ encouragement, he gradually developed . 【答案】a positive attitude towards life 【详解】考查名词、形容词和介词短语。“积极的态度”作宾语，用a positive attitude，“对生活”作定语，用介词短语towards life作后置定语。故填：a positive attitude towards life。 8．不是我们一时所做之事而正是我们一贯所做之事影响我们的一生。 It’s not what we do once in a while but what we do continuously to our life. 【答案】 that makes a difference 【详解】考查强调句型和固定搭配。根据分析句子结构和提示可知，此处考查强调句型，其结构为“It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其他”，此处强调的是not what we do once in a while but what we do continuously，指物，因此空1应用that；表示“影响”的固定搭配为make a difference，not…but…“不是……而是……”为固定搭配，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则，what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词应用单数，因此空2应用makes。故空1填that；空2填makes；空3填a；空4填difference。 9．最后但同样重要的是，每天要保证有充足的睡眠时间。 , make sure to get enough sleep every day. 【答案】 Last but not least 【详解】考查固定短语。“最后但同样重要的是”用固定短语last but not least表示。故填①Last；②but；③not；④least。 10．令人惊叹的是，这里竟然有8，000多座雕像。 there are more than 8,000 statues. 【答案】It is amazing that 【详解】考查主语从句。It is amazing that...令人惊叹的是……，句中It作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。根据句意，故填It is amazing that。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （2024-2025学年高一上学期期中·山东省泰安市宁阳县金桥学校）I’m Adam, 1 freshman at senior high school. The first week was a little 2 (confuse). There were some 3 (challenge) I have to face in my new school life. First, I had to think carefully about my courses. Chinese is hard to learn, but I hope I can speak it 4 (fluent) when I graduate. My adviser 5 (recommend) me to sign up for advanced literature because I’m good 6 it. Second, I had to choose my extra-curricular activities. I tried 7 (join) the school football team but I couldn’t do well in 8 . Besides that, I joined a volunteer club. In order to be well 9 (prepare) for university or whatever else 10 (come) in the future, I make up my mind to study harder and get used to new situations. 【答案】 1．a 2．confusing 3．challenges 4．fluently 5．recommended 6．at 7．to join 8．it 9．prepared 10．comes 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍刚上高中的Adam的感受以及他的导师帮助他选择课程的过程。 1．考查冠词。句意：我是亚当，一名高一学生。此处freshman为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 2．考查形容词。句意：第一周有点混乱。作表语，主语为week，用形容词confusing。故填confusing。 3．考查名词的数。句意：在新的学校生活中，我不得不面对一些挑战。根据上文some可知challenge用复数。故填challenges。 4．考查副词。句意：中文很难学，但我希望毕业时能说一口流利的中文。修饰动词speak用副词fluently，故填fluently。 5．考查时态。句意：我的导师建议我报高级文学班，因为我擅长文学。结合语境发生在过去用一般过去时。故填recommended。 6．考查介词。句意：我的导师建议我报高级文学班，因为我擅长文学。短语be good at表示“擅长”。故填at。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：我试着加入学校足球队，但我表现得不好。短语try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”。故填to join。 8．考查代词。句意：我试着加入学校足球队，但我表现得不好。此处指尝试加入学校足球队这件事，应用it作宾语。故填it。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了为将来的大学或其他任何事情做好准备，我下定决心要更加努力地学习，适应新的环境。短语be well prepared for表示“为……做好准备”。故填prepared。 10．考查时态。句意：为了为将来的大学或其他任何事情做好准备，我下定决心要更加努力地学习，适应新的环境。此处作从句的谓语，且为一般现在时表将来，主语为whatever else，谓语用三单形式。故填comes。 题型二、应用文写作 （2024-2025高一上·南京市实验学校）假定你是李华，最近你的英国笔友Tom给你写了一封电子邮件，询问你进入高中后学校生活的情况。请你给他回封电子邮件介绍你的高中生活。 Dear Tom, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Li Hua 【答案】Dear Tom, I’m so excited to tell you about my wonderful high school life. The moment I stepped into the campus, I was attracted by its beautiful scenery and modern facilities. We have a wide range of courses, and the teachers here are extremely kind and knowledgeable. What impresses me most is the lively discussions in class, where everyone can freely express their opinions. After class, I often participate in the English club, which helps improve my language skills. I really enjoy my high school life and am looking forward to hearing about yours. Best wishes! Li Hua 【来源】北京市北京实验学校2024-2025学年高一上学期期中测试英语试卷 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Tom给你写了一封电子邮件，介绍你进入高中后学校生活的情况。 【详解】1.词汇积累 兴奋的：excited→thrilled 观点：opinion→view 参加：participate in→take part in 提高：improve→enhance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m so excited to tell you about my wonderful high school life. 拓展句：I’m so excited to tell you that my high school life is wonderful. 【点睛】【高分句型1】What impresses me most is the lively discussions in class, where everyone can freely express their opinions.（运用了what引导的主语从句，where引导的非限定性定语从句） 【高分句型2】After class, I often participate in the English club, which helps improve my language skills.（运用了which引导非限定性定语从句） 6 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$