八大基本句型 讲义-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

高一必修一第一单元八种基本句型 不同的句子成分构成了英语中各式各样的句子。所有 句子中,归纳起来共有八种最基本的句型。其他的各种句型都是由这八种基本句型扩展而来的。 句型 英语全称 简称 主语+谓语 subject+verb s+v 主语+谓语+宾语 subject+verb+object s+v+o 主语+(连系动词)+表语 subject+predicative s+p 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 subject+verb+indirect object+direct object s+v+Io+Do 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 subject+verb+object+complement s+v+o+c 主语+谓语+状语 subject+verb+adverbial s+v+A 主语+谓语+宾语+状语 subject+verb+object+adverbial s+v+o+a 现存句（there be...） 1.S+V 这种句型中的谓语是不及物动词.(不接宾语) 在英语中大多数动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物 动词，纯粹的不及物动词数量较少。常见的有apologise, appear, arrive, come , die, disappear , dive , exist, fall, flow , happen,rise 等。 What happened over there?那儿发生了什么事? Kevin apologised to his mother for his rudeness. 凯文为他的粗鲁向他母亲道了歉。 2.S + V+O 这种句型中的谓语是及物动词。 英语中绝大多数及物词都只带一个宾语。 Farmers in our county grow all kinds of vegetables. 我们县的农民种植各种各样的蔬菜。 Danny runs a big clothes factory. 丹尼经营一家大型服装厂。 3.S+P 这种句型结构主要指谓语为连系动词的情况。除连系 动词be 外，还有连系动词look, seem, appear, feel, taste, smell , sound, become , get , grow , turn , remain , keep , stay 等。作表语的可以是名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等。 Jackson is a common English name.杰克逊是常见的英语人名。 The weather is becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷。 It looks like a made-up word. 这看起来像是一个杜撰的词。 Her job is looking after children.她的工作是照顾小孩。 4. S+V +IO +DO 这是带双宾语的句型结构,IO为间接宾语,DO 为直接宾语。直接宾语一般是指物的名词或代词,间接宾语一般是指人的名词或代词。 Her father promised her a birthday gift. 她父亲答应给她一份生日礼物。 My uncle made me a wooden gun. 我叔叔给我做了一把木头枪。 The famous explorer told us a lot about his explorations. 这位著名的探险家告诉了我们很多关于他的探险的事。 5.S+V+O+C “主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”是英语句子中较为常见的句型。该句型中的谓语是及物动词,但后面要用一个“宾语+宾语补足语”结构才能表达完整的意思。“宾语+宾语补足语”合称为复合宾语。 We have made our city a beautiful garden. 我们已把我们的城市变成了一座美丽的花园。 I painted the fence dark green.我把栅栏漆成了深绿色。 I suppose him ( to be ) a reliable man. 我认为他是个可靠的男人。 I won't have my son playing with the cellphone the whole day. 我不允许我的儿子一整天都在玩手机。 She has had all photos developed. 她已经把所有的照片冲洗出来了 7.S+V +0+A 有时候在宾语之后也要加上一个“必具性状语”，否则 句子就没有意义或意思不完整。 Mary put her book on the desk.玛丽把她的书放在课桌上。 The teacher should treat every student fairly. 老师应该公平地对待每个学生。 8.存现句(There be...)就近原则 There be... 句型是英语中最常用的句型之一,此句型主 要用来表达“(某处)有……”。它其实是倒装句的一种， 主语位于谓语动词be之后,there为引导词,无实际意义。 There's a restaurant around the corner.拐角处有一家餐馆 There are two people waiting outside.有两个人正在外面等候。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用不及物动词live, stand, lie , remain, exist 等。 There stands a hill in the middle of the park. 在公园中央有一座小山。 Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a small town. 从前，在一个小镇上住着一个老渔夫。 一.写出划线部分的在句子所做的成分 1. After the lecture, please exchange views with your partner. 2. When you register your information, don't forget to fill in your name , sex ( male or female ) , age , and nationality. 3. We look forward to visiting the Eiffel Tower designed by a famous designer. 4. After registration, the freshmen were anxious to visit the campus. 5. John doesn't plan to go to senior high school after graduating from junior high school. 6. I found my partner confident and outgoing. 7. The company organised a workshop to explore solutions to current challenges. 8. Jack couldn't concentrate on the lecture because he was feeling unwell. 9.To achieve your learning goal, you must revise your learning strategy. 10. The scenery on campus was so beautiful that he was deeply impressed. 11. People with an outgoing personality often enjoy meeting new people. 12. I found my partner very annoyed. I couldn't leave him alone, and I tried to calm him down. 13. I can't persuade him. What if he gets annoyed? 14. At first the tiger was frightened of the donkey, but at last it frightened the donkey away. 15. The organisation held a formal meeting to discuss the style of that nation. 二.提高练习 1.The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). finalized→vt.把(计划、旅行、项目等)最后定下来 中国政府最近敲定了建立大熊猫国家公园的计划。 2.Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. GPNP占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。 pilot[熟词生义]adj.试点的 3. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. 经过三年的试点期,GPNP将于明年正式建立。 4.We all know that regular exercise is important, but few of us know how to exercise properly. 我们都知道有规律的锻炼很重要，但很少有人知道如何 正确地锻炼。 5.The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.男孩在医院,医生说他不会有事的。 6.[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]The Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. 布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。 7. Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. 过了一会儿埃里克醒了，他听到孩子们在外面玩。 8.Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.渐渐地，这些不同种类的生命相互适应，形成了各自的生态系统。 9.Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful.曹(先生)认为,这会让这次徒步旅行更有意义。 10. There, you will find them prepared differently...在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同…… 三.分析句子成分 1. My partner wants to make a good impression. 2. That guy had his first maths class in senior high school! 3. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 4. This afternoon, we had our chemistry class in the science lab. 5. I didn't feel awkward or frightened at all. 6. My favourite subject is physics. 7. Jack plans to become a designer in the future. 8. The organisation held a formal meeting. 9. Our school organised a speech competition to improve our English. 10. I am a Grade 10 student at South Hill High School. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$