Unit 1Friendship课件 2025-2026学年译林版（2024）八年级英语上册

Welcome to the unit Unit 1 Friendship A Daniel is reading about a writing competition. Match the qualities on the left with the explanations on the right. Write the correct letters in the boxes. 自主学习·教材剖析 What makes your friend so special? 1 helpful 2 honest/'ɒnɪst/ 3 cheerful /'tʃɪəfl/ 4 humorous /'hjuːmərəs/ 5 caring/'keərɪŋ/ a Tell the truth /truːθ/ b Be happy c Listen to you when you have problems d Be good at telling jokes/dʒəʊks/ to make you laugh /lɑːf/ e Stand by your side when you need support a b d c 自主学习·教材剖析 Write to Teenagers /'tiːneɪdʒəz/ magazine about your best friend. 自主学习·教材剖析 B The Class 1, Grade 8 students are talking about what qualities are important in good friends. Work in pairs and talk about the topic. Use the conversation below as a model. The words in the box may help you. TIP “What do you think...”is used to ask one's opinion of something. 自主学习·教材剖析 Mr Wu: What do you think makes good friends, boys and girls? Millie: Well, I think good friends should be kind and caring. They support you when you are unhappy/ʌn'hæpi/. clever friendly hard-working interesting kind polite smart tidy ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 长难句分析：本句的主、谓、宾分别是What，makes，good friends；“do you think”是插入语，在句中不影响句子的基本结构，只是表达一种询问对方看法的语气。 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ when 引导时间状语从句 自主学习·教材剖析 Simon: Yes, true. They should also be honest. They don’t lie/laɪ/ to you, so you can trust them. Amy: That’s very important. Good friends should be interesting too. You like to spend time with them because they make you happy. ~~ too 用于肯定句或疑问句末尾，表示“也；又；还”。either 用于否定句句尾，表示“也”。also 用于肯定句中，位置灵活：通常放在 be 动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词（如can, will）之后，实义动词之前。 自主学习·教材剖析 Daniel: I agree. And they can help you become a better person/'pɜːsn/. Mr Wu: Thank you for sharing your thoughts/θɔːts/, class. 自主学习·教材剖析 A: What do you think is the most important quality in a good friend? B: I think it’s being kind and honest. A: Yes! A sense of humour is also important. It makes time together fun. What qualities do you think you have? B: I’m pretty friendly, and I always try to help them when friends need me. How about you? A: I might not be the smartest, but I am hard-working.（答案不唯一） 自主学习·教材剖析 C What qualities do you think you have as a friend? I am cheerful. I smile a lot and make friends happy.（答案不唯一） 自主学习·教材剖析 1 friendship /'frendʃɪp/ n. 友谊（教材P6） (观察)· Their friendship was as close as ever it had been. 他们的友谊跟以往一样亲密。 · The boys have had a long friendship. 这些男孩们已经有一段很长时间的友谊了。 探究一 核心单词 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 后缀-ship 加在名词后面，表示某种关系。 常见词有：relationship 关系；leadership 领导力； membership 成员资格；ownership 所有权。 friendship 的相关词：friend n. 朋友； friendly adj. 友好的 be friendly to sb. 对某人友好 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用1: Happiness comes from things like love and _________ (friend). 学会表达2: 真正的友谊来自那些始终对彼此友好的朋友。 True ___________ comes from friends who are always _________ _________ each other. friendship friendship friendly to 合作探究·教材重点 2 honest /'ɒnɪst/ adj. 诚实的，正直的（教材P7） (观察)· An honest person always tells the truth. 一个诚实的人总是说实话。 · She spoke honestly about her mistakes. 她诚实地承认了自己的错误。 · Honesty is the best policy in any relationship. 在任何关系中，诚实都是上策。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 形容词honest 发音时以元音开头，因此在修饰可数名词单数时，冠词用an。 honest + 后缀-y=honesty n. 诚实； honest + 后缀-ly=honestly adv. 诚实地。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用3: My friend is ________ honest boy. He never tells lies. 学会运用4: ________ (honest) and trust（信任）are very important in friendship. 学会运用5: The road to success is to work _________ (honest). 学会表达6: 她是个诚实的女孩，总是遵守诺言。 She is _________ _________ ________ and always keeps her promises. an Honesty honestly an honest girl 合作探究·教材重点 3 cheerful /'tʃɪəfl/ adj. 快乐的；高兴的（教材P7） (观察)· She has a cheerful smile and bright eyes. 她有灿烂的笑容和明亮的眼睛。 · Let’s cheer for our team! 让我们为我们的队加油！ · Cheer up! The weather will improve soon. 振作起来！天气很快就会好转。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 cheer 作为名词，可加后缀-ful，构成形容词 cheerful（高兴的）；形容词cheerful 加后缀-ly 可构成副词cheerfully（兴高采烈地）。 cheer 作为动词，可构成常见短语：cheer for sb. 为某人喝彩、加油；cheer sb. up 使某人振作。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用7: My mother is a _________ (cheer) person. She always makes our home full of joy. 学会运用8: Sometimes seeing a funny film will cheer you __________ when you feel low. 学会运用9: 我去了操场为我的同学们加油助威。 I went to the playground and _________ _________ my classmates. cheerful up cheered for 合作探究·教材重点 4 humorous /'hjuːmərəs/ adj. 幽默的（教材P7） (观察)· How humorous Tom is! I never feel bored with him. 汤姆多么幽默啊！我和他在一起从不觉得无聊。 · My father told me a humorous story last night. 昨晚我爸爸给我讲了一个幽默的故事。 · Daniel has a good sense of humour. He often makes us laugh. 丹尼尔很有幽默感。他经常逗我们笑。 合作探究·教材重点 · The storybook is humourless. I can’t find any interesting parts in it. 这本故事书毫无趣味。我在里面找不到任何有趣的部分。 · The book uses black humour to deal with serious topics. 这本书用黑色幽默探讨严肃话题。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 humour 作为名词,可加后缀-ous 构成形容词 humorous（幽默的）；也可加后缀-less 构成形容词humourless（无趣的）。 由humour 构成的常见短语有：full of humour 充满幽默； sense of humour 幽默感；black humour 黑色幽默。 辨异：humour 强调通过语言或行为制造的幽默感（如笑话、喜剧）；fun 强调娱乐性或乐趣（如游戏、活动）。 合作探究·教材重点 一语辨异 His writing is full of humour， which makes reading his articles a lot of fun. 他的写作充满幽默，这使得读他的文章趣味十足。 ~~~~ ~~ 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用10: He is a ____________ (humour) teacher. His classes are never boring. 学会运用11: His speech was so ____________ (humour) that nobody smiled during the whole meeting. 学会表达12: 这个新卡通片充满了幽默，它让每个人都笑了。 The new cartoon __________ __________ __________ __________ and makes everyone laugh. humorous humourless is full of humour 合作探究·教材重点 5 caring /'keərɪŋ/ adj. 关心他人的；体贴人的（教材P7） (观察)· Mr Wilson is a caring man. He took good care of my pet cat while I was away. 威尔逊先生是个体贴人的人。在我外出期间，他悉心照料我的宠物猫。 · My mother is very caring. She always prepares delicious meals for me and helps me with my problems. 我的妈妈很体贴人。她总是为我准备美味的饭菜，还帮我解决问题。 · Make sure you are safe first and be careful while riding on the road! 首先确保你是安全的，并且在路上骑行时要小心！ 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 caring 是由动词care+“-ing”构成的形容词； care 作为名词，可加后缀-ful 构成形容词careful（小心的；仔细的）；还可加后缀-less 构成形容词careless（粗心的）。 常见短语：take care of sb./sth. 照顾，照料某人/ 某物 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用13: His _________ (care) words made me feel at home, and I started to have him as my new friend. 学会运用14: Lucy is not _________ (care) . She often loses things. 学会表达15: 她是一位体贴人的护士，深受病人欢迎。 She is _________ _________ _________ and is popular with patients. caring careful a caring nurse 合作探究·教材重点 6 truth /truːθ/ n. 事实（教材P7） (观察)· The truth is that everyone makes mistakes. 真相是每个人都会犯错。 · Always tell the truth, even if it hurts. 即使痛苦，也要永远说实话。 · This documentary shows the true story of the event. 这部纪录片展现了事件的真实情况。 ·She was truly surprised. 她确实感到惊讶。 · A truthful person always keeps his promises. 诚实的人总是遵守诺言。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 true作为形容词，可加后缀-th构成名词truth（事实；真相）；也可加后缀-ly，构成副词truly（确实）；truth 可加后缀-ful 构成形容词truthful（诚实的；真诚的）。 truth 的常见短语：tell the truth（说实话） 合作探究·教材重点 辨析: true 与truthful 词形 侧重含义 常见搭配 true 事实正确，真实客观 true to, true story truthful 为人诚实，坦率主观 truthful person, truthful eyes 合作探究·教材重点 为人诚实，坦率主观truthful person, truthful eyes 30 学会运用16: She found an amazing _________ (true) about her family. 学会运用17: I _________ (true) believe in you. 学会运用18: Her _________ (truth) eyes made me trust her. 学会表达19:说实话, 我无法忍受摇滚乐。 To ________ ________ ________ , I can’t stand rock music. truth truly truthful tell the truth 合作探究·教材重点 7 joke /dʒəʊk/ n. 笑话；玩笑（教材P7） (观察)· He told a funny joke at the party. 他在聚会上讲了一个有趣的笑话。 · They played a joke on me by hiding my backpack. 他们藏起我的书包，跟我开了个玩笑。 · Stop joking with me! I’m serious. 别和我开玩笑了！我是认真的。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 joke n.“笑话；玩笑”，v.“说笑话；开玩笑”。 常见短语有：tell a joke 讲笑话；joke with sb. 跟某人开玩笑；play a joke on sb. 开某人玩笑；joke about sth./sb. 拿某事/ 某人开玩笑。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用20: The book full of ___________ (joke) is popular among students. 学会运用21: Don’t play a joke _________ him _________ his mistakes. It’s not friendly. 学会表达22: 莉莉看起来不高兴。我们讲个笑话让她高兴起来吧。 Lily looks unhappy. Let’s cheer her up by _________ _________ _________. jokes on about telling a joke 合作探究·教材重点 8 laugh /lɑːf/ vi. & vt. 笑；发笑（教材P7） (观察)· The children laughed happily when seeing the puppy. 看到小狗时，孩子们开心地笑了起来。 · Don’t laugh at others’ mistakes. 不要嘲笑别人的错误。 · They laughed about the funny movie for a long time. 他们为这部有趣的电影笑了很久。 · Let’s relax and have a good laugh over the weekend. 咱们周末放松一下，好好笑一笑。 合作探究·教材重点 · When she heard the joke, she burst into laughter. 听到这个笑话的时候，她放声大笑起来。 归纳拓展 laugh 常见短语：laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人；laugh about sth. 对某事发笑；have a good laugh 好好笑一笑。 laughter n. 笑声；burst into laughter 放声大笑。 合作探究·教材重点 辨析: laugh 与smile laugh 可作名词、动词，表示“大声笑”，laugh at sb. 有“嘲笑某人”之意。 smile 侧重于“微笑”这个表情，表达善意、友好或鼓励。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用23: Don’t laugh _________ the boy. He is just a little shy. 学会运用24: Mr Crisp is such a humorous teacher that his class is always full of _________ (laugh). 学会表达25: 我们都需要不时地好好笑一笑来让自己振作起来。 We all need to have _________ _________ _________ to cheer ourselves up now and then. at laughter a good laugh 合作探究·教材重点 9 unhappy /ʌn'hæpi/ adj. 不开心的（教材P7） (观察)· She looks unhappy today. 她今天看起来不开心。 · I’m unhappy with your answer. 我对你的回答不满意。 · He’s unhappy about the bad news. 听到坏消息，他很难过。 · She was unhappy to leave her friends. 她不愿离开她的朋友们。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 unhappy 构成的短语有：feel/look unhappy 感到/看上去不高兴；unhappy with... 对……不满意；unhappy about... 为……担忧/难过；unhappy to do sth. 不愿意做某事。 “前缀un-+ 形容词”表示与该形容词相反的意义。类似的单词有：unfair；unclear；unable 等。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用26: He is unhappy _________ (leave) school because he likes the teachers and his friends. 学会运用27: My sister is unhappy ___________ her weight, so she runs for thirty minutes every day. 学会表达28:你今天早上看起来不开心。你能告诉我什么事使你焦虑吗？ You _________ _________ this morning. Can you tell me what worried you? to leave with/about looked unhappy 合作探究·教材重点 10 lie /laɪ/ vi. 撒谎 （教材P7） (观察)· Don’t lie to your parents. 不要对你的父母撒谎。 · He lied about finishing his homework yesterday. 他昨天谎称自己完成了作业。 · Why is he lying? I can see that from his eyes! 他为什么在撒谎？我能从他的眼神中看出来！ · The cat lies on the sofa every afternoon. 这只猫每天下午都躺在沙发上。 · Don’t tell lies. Honesty is the best policy. 不要说谎。诚实才是上策。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 lie 作为动词，意为“撒谎”，构成短语lie to sb. 对某人撒谎；lie about sth. 就某事撒谎。 也可意为“躺”，构成短语：lie down 躺下；lie on one’s back 仰卧；lie awake 躺着睡不着。 合作探究·教材重点 lie 作为名词，意为“谎言”，构成短语tell a lie 撒谎。 动词 含义 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 lie ① 躺 lie lay lain lying lie ② 说谎 lie lied lied lying lay 放置 lay laid laid laying 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用29: Alice is an honest girl. She never tells __________ (lie). 学会运用30: Don’t try to lie __________ others. They will know the truth one day. 学会运用31: The twins are ________ (lie) on the grass and enjoying the full moon. lies to lying 合作探究·教材重点 学会表达32:参加比赛谎报年龄是不诚实的行为。 It is dishonest to __________ __________ your age when you enter the competition. 学会表达33:吉姆肚子疼。他应该躺下休息一下。 Jim has a stomachache. He should ________ ________ and have a rest. lie about lie down 合作探究·教材重点 11 person /'pɜːsn/ n. 人；个人（教材P7） (观察)· All persons must carry ID cards. 所有人必须携带身份证。 · The person in the red dress is my sister.穿红裙子的人是我姐姐。 · Don’t ask questions about someone’s personal life here. 不要在这里问别人的私生活问题。 · Please describe your best friends’ personalities. 请描述你最好的朋友的个性。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 person 作为可数名词，表示“人；个人”，加后缀-al构成形容词personal，意为“个人的；私人的”，personal加后缀-ity 构成名词personality，意为“个性”。 合作探究·教材重点 辨析: person 与people 单词 含义 例句 person 个体名词，指“单个的人”。 She is a kind person. 她是个善良的人。（错误：She is a kind people.） people 集合名词，指“多人”。 Many people like music. 许多人喜欢音乐。（错误：Many peoples like music. ） 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用34: Neil Armstrong was the first _________（人）to walk on the moon. 学会运用35: Please don’t tell your __________ (person) information to strangers. 学会运用36: She has a playful ____________ (personal) and always brings joy to the group. 学会表达37: 穿蓝衣服的那个人是我的老师。 The _________ _________ _________ is my teacher. person personal personality person in blue 合作探究·教材重点 12 thought /θɔːt/ n. 想法；主意（教材P7） (观察)· I tried to collect my thoughts but I was too excited. 我试图集中注意力，但我太兴奋了。 · He always has some deep thoughts about life. 他总是对生活有一些深刻的思考。 · Sandy thought hard, and at last she came up with an idea. 桑迪苦苦思索，最后她想出了一个主意。 · It was very thoughtful of you to send the flowers. 你送花来，想得真周到。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 thought 作为可数名词，表示“想法或主意”，加后缀-ful 构成形容词thoughtful，意为“周到的；体贴的”。 构成的短语有：have a thought（有一个想法）； share a thought（分享一个想法）等。 thought 是动词think 的过去式和过去分词。 thought 强调思考的过程和结果； idea 侧重指一个人的想法、主意、观念或对事物的理解等。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用38: She has some deep __________ (thought) on the meaning of life. 学会运用39: She is a __________ (thought) friend, and always listens carefully to me. 学会表达40: 她最新的书反映了她对现代社会的思考。 Her latest book shows __________ __________ __________ the modern society. thoughts thoughtful her thoughts on 合作探究·教材重点 学会表达41: 他们不同意彼此，因为他们有不同的想法。 They don’t agree with each other because they have __________ __________. different thoughts 合作探究·教材重点 make you happy 使你快乐（教材P7） (观察)· The teacher made the students clean the classroom. 老师让学生们打扫教室。 · The movie made the children excited. 这部电影让孩子们很兴奋。 · Hard work made her a successful person. 努力工作使她成为了一个成功的人。 探究二 核心短语 合作探究·教材重点 · She made her voice heard in the meeting. 她在会议上让她的声音被听到。 · The teacher made the students in a line. 老师让学生们站成一排。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 使役动词 make 表示“使某人做某事”或“使某事发生”，以下是其常见用法： 1. make + 宾语 + 动词原形（不带to 的不定式） 使某人做某事，强调“强制或促使”。 2. make + 宾语 + 形容词 使某人/ 某物处于某种状态 合作探究·教材重点 3. make + 宾语 + 名词 使某人/ 某物成为…… 4. make + 宾语 + 过去分词 使某事被做（通常用于被动意义） 5. make + 宾语 + 介词短语 使某人/ 某物处于某个位置或某种状态 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用1: The little dog makes me _________ (feel) happy. 学会运用2: My pet puppy made the whole house _________ a mess while I was out. 学会表达3:我喜欢这些规则，因为它们能让我变得更好。 I like these rules, because they can _________ _________ _________ . feel in make me better 合作探究·教材重点 zxq5421 zxq5421 68760.0 $$Assessment & Further study Unit 1 Friendship Assessment What I can do Me Partner 1 I know what a good friend is like. 2 I can use comparative and superlative adjectives and the suffixes -ful and -less correctly. 3 I can talk and write about my best friend with the new words in this unit. 4 I know the importance of friendship and how to get along with friends. 自主学习·教材剖析 * Assess your learning of new words and grammar by doing the exercises on page 122. Result: □ Weak □ Good □ Wonderful l am good at ________________________________. I need to spend more time on __________________. My action plan:______________________________ 自主学习·教材剖析 Further study There are lots of songs about friends and friendship. One of the most famous songs is “With a Little Help from My Friends”. The song is about friends and how they help and support each other. Do you know this song? Do you know any other songs, poems, short stories or films about friends and friendship? If you do, choose one and share it with your classmates. 自主学习·教材剖析 自主学习 语法现象 观察句子，写出句子中画线的部分等级 1. Spring is coming. It is very warm here. ( ) 2. I think the robot is smarter than us. ( ) 3. There is less and less pollution in our city. ( ) 4. Chongqing is the biggest city in China. ( ) 5. This is the best film that I have seen these years. ( ) 原级 比较级 比较级 最高级 最高级 单元语法沙龙 合作探究 语法考点 形容词的比较级和最高级 大多数形容词都有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级。比较级用于两者（人或事物）之间的比较，说明“前者比后者更……”；最高级用于三者及三者以上（人或事物）之间的比较，表示其中一个在某方面超过其他几个。 单元语法沙龙 一 形容词比较级的用法 考点1 “比较级+than+...”结构用来表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。 · My hair is longer than Mary’s. 我的头发比玛丽的(头发)长。 ·You know more about yourself than I (do). 你比我更了解你自己。 ·The scenery here is more beautiful than that in our area. 这里的风景比我们地区的（风景）更美。 单元语法沙龙 考点2 表示“A 和B 哪个更……”时，用句型“Who/Which +be 动词/ 实义动词+ 比较级，A or B?”表示。 ·Which is bigger, this one or that one? 哪一个更大，这个还是那个？ 单元语法沙龙 考点3 “比较级+and+ 比较级”或“more and more+ 原级（多音节词和部分双音节词）”结构常表示事物本身程度的逐渐变化，意为“越来越……”。 ·Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 我们的国家正变得越来越强大。 ·So pandas have less and less land to live on. 所以熊猫有越来越少的地方生存。 单元语法沙龙 考点4 “the+ 比较级...，the+ 比较级...”常表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行增长，意为“越……，（就）越……”。 · The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越感到高兴。 ·The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越认真，犯的错误就越少。 单元语法沙龙 考点5 表示“两者中较……的一个”时，用“the+ 比较级+of the two”结构。 ·Tom is the younger of the two boys. 汤姆是两个男孩中较小的一个。 单元语法沙龙 考点6 用“A+be 动词/ 实义动词+ 比较级+than+any other+ 单数名词”结构，表示“A比其他任何一个人或物都……”或“A 最……”，即用比较级的形式表示最高级的含义。 · Li Lei is smarter than any other student in his class. = Li Lei is the smartest student in his class. 李磊比他班上的其他任何一个学生都聪明。 单元语法沙龙 考点7 表示“倍数”时，可以用“倍数+ 比较级+than”结构。 ·The river is three times longer than that one. 这条河是那条河的三倍长。 单元语法沙龙 考点8 在形容词比较级前可以用much，even, far, still, a lot, a little, a bit, a great deal 等修饰，以加强语气。 ·My mother gets up much earlier than me. 我妈妈比我起床早得多。 ·I feel a little better today. 我今天感觉好点了。 单元语法沙龙 二 形容词最高级的用法 考点1 表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级，后面用of 或in 短语说明比较的范围，形容词的最高级前一般要加定冠词the。 ·Bill is the tallest boy of the three. 比尔是三个男孩中最高的。 ·Tom is the most careful boy in his class. 汤姆是班上最细心的男孩。 单元语法沙龙 考点2 表示“A, B, C 哪一个最……?”, 用“Which/Who+be 动词/ 实义动词（+the）+ 最高级，A, B or C?”结构。 · Which country is the strongest, America, England or France? 哪个国家最强大，美国、英格兰还是法国？ 单元语法沙龙 考点3 表示“最……之一”， 用“one of+the+形容词最高级+ 复数名词”结构。 ·Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world. 上海是世界上最大的城市之一。 ·Chinese is one of the most popular languages in the world. 汉语是世界上最流行的语言之一。 单元语法沙龙 考点4 表示“第几最……”，用“the+ 序数词+ 形容词最高级+ 单数名词”结构。 ·The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国的第二长河。 注意：当最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，不加the。 单元语法沙龙 对点突破 语法专练 一 用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. [扬州] Though I failed a lot __________ (many) times than I succeeded, I know how to fail well. 2. Compared with the past, the community canteens（食堂）are providing people, both young and old, with __________ (healthy) and cheaper dishes now. more healthier 单元语法沙龙 3. From pocket parks to forest parks, local governments have been making efforts to make China’s cities much __________ (green). 4. Of all the mountains, Qomolangma is the __________ (high) in the world. 5. This book is _________________ (difficult) book of all. greener highest the most difficult 单元语法沙龙 二 单项选择 6. —Can you teach me how to improve spoken English? —The more you practice, ______ it becomes. A. the worse B. the worst C. the better D. the best 7. —Look! The lake is clean. I never throw litter into it. —If everyone does this, it would be ______. A. dirtier B. the dirtiest C. cleaner D. the cleanest C C 单元语法沙龙 8. Jianshe Road is the ______ road in our city, especially around 8:00 am. A. busier B. busiest C. wider D. widest 9. Many people think eating at home is ______ than eating in the restaurant. A. healthy B. healthier C. healthiest D. the healthiest 10. The Qinghai Lake is ______ lake in China. It is in Qinghai Province. A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest B B D 单元语法沙龙 二 短文填空 There are four ways to travel from London to Amsterdam. The first choice is by train because the journey is 11. _______________ (relaxing) than by coach. However, it is quite 12. __________ (expensive). Going by coach does not cost as much as going by train. When you go by car, remember that parking in Amsterdam is not 13. __________ (cheap), so it is 14. __________ (good) to stay outside the centre and travel in by bus or by train. Going by plane is 15. __________ (fast), but you may have to wait for hours at the airport because of bad weather. more relaxing expensive cheap better the fastest 单元语法沙龙 写作维度 本单元的写作主题是“友谊”，相关内容涉及以下几个方面：（1）如何交朋友（2）好朋友具备的品质（3）介绍自己的好朋友（4）如何与好朋友相处 单元写作 写作支架/ 模板 写“我最好的朋友” 开篇点题：简要介绍你的朋友 从外貌到性格品质详细介绍你的朋友 总结对朋友的感情和友谊的珍视 单元写作 黄金语料（从教材内外积累好句） 开头段 ① I have many friends, but... ② My best friend is... ③ Betty, my best friend, is a slim girl with big bright eyes. 单元写作 中间段 ① ...is kind and helpful/caring and thoughtful. ② ... is taller than me and has ... hair/eyes. ③ ...is very outgoing/shy and ... at school. ④ But his/her eyes are bigger and brighter. ⑤ We are different in many ways, but we are still best friends. ⑥ ...is also a cheerful person. ⑦ ...has a great sense of humour. 单元写作 结尾段 ① I’m glad to have ... as my friend! ② I hope we’ll be best friends forever! ③ I think it’s more important to have a few really good friends. 单元写作 经典例题（从经典例题中学会审题） 请以“My Best Friend”为题写一篇介绍你的朋友的短文。把你的朋友和你的长相（包括身高、头发、眼睛等）、体格( 包括强壮强度等)、性格( 开朗、文静等)等方面进行比较，介绍其学习态度和优秀品质，并说出你对好朋友的感觉。 审人称：第一人称、第三人称 审时态：一般现在时 审体裁：记叙文 审要点：介绍朋友的外貌、性格、学习情况及品质，表达对朋友的感情和友谊的珍视。 单元写作 提示： popular, hard-working, outgoing, short/long straight hair, while 要求： 1. 条理清楚，书写规范，语句通顺； 2. 词数80 左右。 My Best Friend ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 单元写作 精彩范文[从教材内外积累好句] My Best Friend My best friend is Lily. She is my classmate. She is taller than me and has long straight hair, while I have short hair. She is also stronger than me and really good at sports. Lily is very outgoing and popular at school. I’m a bit quieter. 单元写作 She is really hard-working and always gets good grades. She is helpful and patient. When I meet difficulties in my study, she always tries to help me. I think Lily is great, and I hope we’ll be best friends forever! ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ 教材原句 ① Joan is helpful and patient.（教材P18） ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 教材原句 ② I think Joan is great, and I hope we will be best friends forever! （教材P18） 单元写作 【亮点词块】 · be good at 擅长做某事 · a bit quieter 有点儿文静 · try to do sth. 尽力做某事 单元写作 【高分句子】 · She is taller than me... (比较级句型) 她比我高…… · When I meet difficulties in my study, she always tries to help me. (when 引导的时间状语从句)当我在学习上遇到困难时，她总是尽力帮助我。 · I hope we’ll be best friends forever! (宾语从句)我希望我们永远是最好的朋友！ 单元写作 实战演练 假如你的名字叫Lisa, 你的好友Tara 由于家庭原因去了另外一个城市上学，上周她给你发来一封电子邮件。请你根据邮件内容给Tara 回邮件。 Dear Lisa, I write to tell you that I miss you so much. Everything is new to me here. In school, I can do very well in my subjects but I have no friends and I always feel lonely and terrible. 单元写作 Friends are very important to me. I know you have many good friends. Could you give me some advice about my trouble and make me feel better? Keep in touch! Yours, Tara 单元写作 写作提示： （1）简述Tara 的烦恼；（2）针对她的烦恼提出几点建议；（3）表达你对她的祝愿。 写作要求： （1）语言通顺，要点齐全，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；（2）文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称；（3）不少于80 词，文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 单元写作 Dear Tara, I got your email last week. _____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Lisa 单元写作 范文参考 Dear Tara, I got your email last week. I hear that you do very well in your subjects. Congratulations! But you have few friends. You feel lonely, and you don’t know what you should do. Here is some advice for you. 单元写作 First, you should help the students when they are in trouble, both in study and in life. I think you can get on well with them. Then, join them. You can play and sing with them. Doing things together can make you a member of them. Finally, after class, you can talk with them. Share your sadness and happiness with them. I hope you can make more friends and become happy. Yours, Lisa 单元写作 重点单词 1. friendship n. 友谊 → relationship 关系 → leadership 领导力 → membership 成员资格 → ownership 所有权 单元知识梳理 2. honest adj. 诚实的，正直的 → honesty n. 诚实 → honestly adv. 诚实地 3. cheerful adj. 快乐的，高兴的 → cheerfully adv. 兴高采烈地 → cheer for sb. 为某人喝彩、加油； → cheer sb. up 使某人振作 单元知识梳理 4. humorous adj. 幽默的 → humourless adj. 无趣的 → sense of humour 幽默感 → black humour 黑色幽默 5. caring adj. 关心他人的, 体贴人的 → careless adj. 粗心的 → take care of 照料 单元知识梳理 6. truth n. 事实 → truly adv. 确实；真诚地 → truthful adj. 诚实的；真诚的 → tell the truth 说实话 7. joke n. 笑话；玩笑 →v. 说笑话；开玩笑 → tell a joke 讲笑话 单元知识梳理 → joke with sb. 跟某人开玩笑 → play a joke on sb. 开某人玩笑 → joke about sth./sb. 拿某事/ 某人开玩笑 8. laugh vi.&vt. 笑；发笑 → laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人 → laughter n. 笑声 → burst into laughter 放声大笑 单元知识梳理 9. lie vi. 撒谎 →n. 谎言 → lie to sb. 对某人撒谎 → lie about sth. 就某事撒谎 → tell a lie 撒谎 10. person n. 人, 个人 → personal adj. 个人的；私人的 → personality n. 个性 单元知识梳理 11. thought n. 想法, 主意 → thoughtful adj. 周到的；体贴的 12. patient adj. 有耐心的 → n. 病人 → impatient adj. 不耐烦的 → patience n. 耐心 → be patient with sb. 对某人耐心 单元知识梳理 13. understand vt.&vi. 理解 → make sb./sth. understood 使某人/ 某事被理解 14. funny adj. 好笑的 15. sense n. 理解力；感觉 → v. 感觉到；意识到 → make sense 有意义，讲得通 → common sense 常识 单元知识梳理 16. bored adj. 厌倦的, 烦闷的 → boring adj. 令人无聊的 17. energetic adj. 精力充沛的 18. active adj. 积极的；活跃的 → actively adv. 积极地 → activity n. 活动 → take an active part in 积极参与 → play an active role in... 在……中起积极作用 单元知识梳理 19. encourage vt. 鼓励 → encouragement n. 鼓励 → encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 → feel encouraged 受到鼓励 → filled with courage 内心充满了勇气 20. believe vt. 相信 → belief n. 信仰 → believe in oneself 相信自己 单元知识梳理 → It’s believed that... 人们相信/ 据信…… 21. height n. 身高；高度 → at the height of... 在……的顶峰 → in height 高度 → reach a height of 达到……的高度 22. however adv. 然而 23. scared adj. 害怕，恐惧 → be scared of... 害怕…… 单元知识梳理 → be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事 → scare sb. away 把某人吓跑 → scare sb. into doing sth. 吓得某人做某事 24. fight vi.&vt. 搏斗，打斗；为……斗争 → fight sb./sth. 与某人/ 某物进行斗争 → fight against... 与……斗争 → fight for... 为……而战 → fight with... 与……打架 单元知识梳理 → fight back 反击 25. attack vi.&vt. 攻击, 袭击 n. 攻击；发作 → attack sb./sth. 攻击某人/ 某物 → attack the problem 对难题进行攻关 26. danger n. 危险 → in danger 处于危险中 → danger zone 危险区域 单元知识梳理 → out of danger 脱离危险 → danger signal 危险信号 27. brave adj. 勇敢的 → a brave soldier 勇敢的士兵 → fight bravely 英勇作战 → face danger with bravery 勇敢面对危险 → be brave to do sth. 勇敢地去做某事 28. feeling n. 情感；感觉 单元知识梳理 重点短语 1. enrich one’s life 丰富某人的人生 2. a little bit 有点儿 3. keep secrets 保密 4. look on 看待；旁观 5. get caught 被挂住；被卡住 6. leave sb. alone 置某人于不顾；不管某人 7. get along with sb. 与某人和睦相处，关系良好 单元知识梳理 重点句子 1. What do you think makes good friends, boys and girls? 同学们，你们觉得什么样的人才算是好朋友？ 2. She knows how to cheer me up when I am feeling down. 当我情绪低落时，她知道如何让我振作起来。 3. It’s good to share interests with our best friends. 与我们最好的朋友分享兴趣是件好事。 单元知识梳理 4. Once you are friends, there are some easy ways to make sure your friendship lasts. 一旦你们成为朋友，有一些简单的方法可以确保你们的友谊长存。 5. I think the more friends you have, the better. 我认为朋友越多越好。 6. Every time I feel down, she will cheer me up and make me feel better. 每次我情绪低落，她都会让我振作起来， 并让我感觉好些。 单元知识梳理 $$Reading Unit 1 Friendship Teenagers magazine has received many students’ articles about their best friends. Here are two articles from them. Before reading, think about the questions below. 1 Who is your best friend? What does he or she look like? My best friend is Lily. She is tall and has long black hair. She wears glasses and always smiles.（答案不唯一） 自主学习·教材剖析 2 What qualities does your best friend have? Lily is very kind and trustworthy. She is patient and always listens to me when I feel sad. She also has a good sense of humour and makes me laugh.（答案不唯一） 自主学习·教材剖析 Betty, my best friend, is a slim girl with big bright eyes. Her hair is longer than mine, and she usually wears her hair in a ponytail/'pəʊniteɪl/. Kind and helpful, Betty is ready to help anyone any time. She always gives up her seat/siːt/ on the bus to someone in need, and she often helps us with our schoolwork/'skuːlwɜːk/. Betty is also trustworthy/'trʌstwɜːði/. ~~~~~~~ 作Betty 的同位语 ~~~~~~~~ and 连接并列的两个形容词作状语 自主学习·教材剖析 When something worries me, I always go to her. She is patient /'peɪʃnt/ enough to listen to me and understands /ʌndə'stændz/ me quite well. She knows how to cheer me up when I am feeling down. Betty is the most wonderful friend in my life. My best friend is Max. He is the tallest boy in our class—almost 1.8 metres. He wears small round glasses. They make him look a little bit/bɪt/ funny /'fʌni/. 自主学习·教材剖析 Max has a great sense/sens/ of humour /'hjuːmə(r)/. He often tells jokes and makes us laugh. You will never feel bored /bɔːd/ with him around. Max is very energetic/enə'dʒetɪk/. He stays active/'æktɪv/ from doing sports to other club activities and never seems to get tired. Max is also a cheerful person.Sometimes I feel like giving up on difficult tasks, but he always encourages/ɪn'kʌrɪdʒɪz/ me to keep trying. That means a lot to me. I believe /bɪ'liːv/ we will be best friends for life. 自主学习·教材剖析 TIP We can guess the meaning of a new word from the context. Sometimes the words around it or the whole sentence may give some hint. 自主学习·教材剖析 思考：What’s the meaning of the word “trustworthy”? How do you figure it out? The word “trustworthy” means someone you can trust or rely on. The word “trustworthy” is made up of “trust” and “worthy” and the passage says that Betty listens patiently and helps when the writer feels worried. This shows she is reliable and honest.（答案不唯一） 自主学习·教材剖析 思考解读 推测词义法 在初中英语阅读中，推测词义是提升阅读能力的重要策略，我们可以通过标点符号（破折号、括号、冒号）、标志词、并列连词（and/or）、转折词（but/however）、常见词根词缀、因果、递进等逻辑关系，综合运用背景知识与上下文推测词义。 自主学习·教材剖析 A Complete the profiles of Betty and Max with the information in the articles. Looks: ·A (1) ________ girl with big bright eyes ·Wears her hair in a (2) ________ Qualities: ·(3) ________ and helpful ·(4) _____________________________ ·(5) _____________________________ slim ponytail Kind Trustworthy Patient 自主学习·教材剖析 Looks: ·The (6) __________ boy in class ·Wears (7) ____________ glasses Qualities: ·Has a great (8) _________________ ·(9) _____________________________ ·(10) _____________________________ tallest small round sense of humour Energetic Cheerful 自主学习·教材剖析 B Read the two articles again and answer the questions below. 1 In what ways is Betty helpful? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 2 What does Betty do if her friend is feeling down? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Betty is helpful because she always gives up her seat on the bus to people in need and helps others with their schoolwork. If her friend is feeling down, Betty listens patiently, understands them, and knows how to cheer them up. 自主学习·教材剖析 3 Why do Max’s friends never feel bored with him around? __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ Max’s friends never feel bored with him around because he has a great sense of humour and often tells jokes to make them laugh. 自主学习·教材剖析 4 How do you know Max is energetic? __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 5 What quality do Betty and Max have in common? __________________________________________________ Max is energetic because he stays active in sports and club activities and never seems to get tired. Betty and Max are kind and helpful 自主学习·教材剖析 C Millie is talking with Simon about best friends. Complete their conversation below with the correct forms of the words and phrase in the box. Millie: Who is your best friend, Simon? Simon: My best friend is Andrew. I like being with him because he has a good (1) ________________. He often tells jokes and makes me (2) _________ . sense of humour bored cheerful energetic encourage laugh patient sense of humour trustworthy laugh 自主学习·教材剖析 Millie: That’s great! I’m sure you’ll never feel (3) _________ with him around. Simon: Yes, it’s true. And it’s good to share interests with our best friends. Andrew and I love to play football together. He never seems to get tired. Millie: He must be very (4) _________ . bored cheerful energetic encourage laugh patient sense of humour trustworthy bored energetic 自主学习·教材剖析 Simon: Yes. What’s more, he’s a really (5) _________ person. When I meet difficult tasks and feel like giving up, he cheers me up and (6) ____________ me to keep going. Millie: A ndrew sounds like a good friend. My best friend is Kate. She’s a kind and caring girl. She’s always there when I need someone to talk to. She’s (7) _________ enough to listen to me. bored cheerful energetic encourage laugh patient sense of humour trustworthy cheerful encourages patient 自主学习·教材剖析 Simon: Sounds great! Millie: Kate is also a (8) ___________ friend. When I have something on my mind, I always go to her. I can tell her anything because she’s great at keeping secrets/'siːkrəts/. Simon: We’re lucky to have such great friends. bored cheerful energetic encourage laugh patient sense of humour trustworthy trustworthy 自主学习·教材剖析 D Think about the questions below. Share your answers with your classmates. 1 Who would you like to make friends with, Betty or Max? Why? I would like to make friends with Betty because she is kind and helpful. She always listens to her friends and helps them with their problems.（答案不唯一） 自主学习·教材剖析 2 What qualities of your friends attract you most? Why? The qualities I like most are trustworthiness and a sense of humour. Because when something worries me, I can go to them and tell them anything. Besides, I will never feel bored with them around because they can often tell jokes to make me laugh.（答案不唯一） 自主学习·教材剖析 3 Why is it important to have a best friend? A best friend is important because they support you when you feel sad, help you solve problems, and share happiness with you.（答案不唯一） 自主学习·教材剖析 1 patient /'peɪʃnt/ adj. 有耐心的（教材P8） (观察)· You need to be patient when learning a new skill. 学习一项新技能时你需要有耐心。 · She is very patient with her students. 她对她的学生非常有耐心。 · He became impatient after waiting for an hour. 等了一个小时后，他变得不耐烦了。 探究一 核心单词 合作探究·教材重点 · She has the patience to listen to others’ problems. 她有耐心倾听别人的问题。 · The doctor is taking care of a patient in the room. 医生正在房间里照顾一位病人。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 patient 可作形容词，意为“有耐心的”；其名词形式为patience。也可作可数名词，意为“病人”。 be patient with sb. 对某人耐心；with patience 耐心地。 前缀im-+ 形容词patient=impatient（不耐烦的）；其名词形式为：impatience（不耐烦）。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用1: —What’s your new teacher like? —______. A. She is thirty years old B. She likes jogging C. She is kind and patient D. She often goes to the park 学会运用2: She often answers our questions with great ____________ (patient). C patience 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用3: The tourist got _______________ (patient) and left after waiting in line for half an hour. 学会表达4:我的妈妈是一名医生。她每天帮助病人。 My mother is a doctor. She __________ __________ every day. impatient helps patients 合作探究·教材重点 2 understand /ʌndə'stænd/ vt.&vi. 理解（教材P8） (观察)· She understands the importance of studying hard. 她理解努力学习的重要性。 · I tried to make the instructions understood by everyone. 我尽力使所有人都理解那些说明。 · He misunderstood the question and gave the wrong answer. 他误解了问题，并给出了错误的答案。 · There was a misunderstanding between the two friends. 这两个朋友之间有一个误会。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 understand 作动词，意为“理解”。 词形变化：过去式、过去分词为understood，现在分词、动名词为 understanding。 understanding 作形容词时，意为“善解人意的，富有同情心的” 前缀mis-+understand=misunderstand（误解），其名词形式为misunderstanding（误会，误解）。 由understand 构成的短语：better understand 更好地理解；make sb./sth. understood 使某人/ 某事被理解 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用5: You can better ____________ (理解) Chinese culture by learning about Chinese festivals. 学会运用6: Don’t _______________ (understand) me. I didn’t mean to hurt you. 学会运用7: I _______________ (understand) the problem after the teacher explained it again. understand misunderstand understood 合作探究·教材重点 学会表达8: 我有一个非常善解人意的妈妈。她总是鼓励我做我喜欢的事情。 I have a very _________________ mother. She always encourages me to do what I like. understanding 合作探究·教材重点 3 funny /'fʌni/ adj. 好笑的（教材P9） (观察)· He told a funny story that made everyone laugh. 他讲了一个好笑的故事，逗得大家都笑了。 · The movie was so funny that I watched it twice. 这部电影太有趣了，我看了两遍。 · Penguins look funny with their big bodies and short legs. 企鹅有着大大的身体和短短的腿，看起来很有趣。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 funny 是由名词fun 双写n 后加-y 构成，表示“滑稽的；有趣的；好笑的”。由名词加后缀-y 构成的形容词还有：cloudy, rainy, sleepy, lucky 等。 合作探究·教材重点 单词 词性 含义 用法特点 funny 形容词 有趣的；滑稽的 强调引人发笑的特点 fun 名词/ 形容词 乐趣/ 有趣的 强调愉快的体验或活动 辨析: funny 与fun 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用9: At the beginning of his speech, the scientist tells us a __________ (fun) joke. 学会运用10: —Why are you laughing, Daniel? —There is _______ in the newspaper. A. funny anything B. funny something C. anything funny D. something funny 学会表达11: 我认为这部动画片非常好笑。 I think this cartoon _________ _________ _________. funny D is very funny 合作探究·教材重点 4 sense /sens/ n. 理解力；感觉（教材P9） (观察)·She has a great sense of humour. 她很有幽默感。 · His explanation doesn’t make sense to me. 他的解释对我来说没有意义。 · Using common sense can solve many problems. 运用常识可以解决很多问题。 · I sensed that something was wrong. 我感觉到有些不对劲。 · She sensed his sadness even though he didn’t say anything. 尽管他没说什么，但她感觉到了他的悲伤。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 sense 作名词常与of 连用，构成短语sense of...（……感），如：sense of humour（幽默感）；sense of direction（方向感）；sense of responsibility（责任感）等。 常见短语：make sense（有意义，讲得通）；common sense（常识）。 sense 作及物动词，意为“感觉到；意识到”，后面可跟名词、代词、从句等作宾语。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用12: Tom has a good s of humour. We all enjoy staying with him. 学会运用13: Because they ___________ (感觉到) danger, they started to run away quickly. 学会表达14: 照顾好你自己是有意义的。 It _________ _________ to look after yourself well. 学会表达15: 她有很好的听觉。 She has a ___________ ___________ of hearing. ense sensed makes sense good sense 合作探究·教材重点 5 bored /bɔːd/ adj. 厌倦的；烦闷的（教材P9） (观察)· I felt bored during the long meeting. 在漫长的会议中，我感到很无聊。 · The movie was so boring that I fell asleep. 这部电影太无聊了，我都睡着了。 · She didn’t want to bore her friends with her problems. 她不想用她的问题让朋友们感到无聊。 · Reading books is a good way to fight boredom. 读书是一个打发无聊的好方法。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 形容词bored 是动词bore（使无聊；使厌烦）的过去分词形式，表示“感到无聊的”一般用来指人；形容词boring 是其现在分词形式，意为“令人无聊的”一般用来指物；而boredom 是其名词形式，意为“无聊”。 合作探究·教材重点 动词+ 后缀-ed/-ing 构成形容词的情形有： interest→ interested→ interesting； move→ moved→ moving； touch→ touched→ touching； excite→ excited→ exciting。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用16: The children were __________ (bore) because there was nothing fun to do. 学会运用17: He gave such a __________ (bore) speech that no one wanted to listen. 学会运用18: The traditional festivals in China are very _________ (interest). bored boring interesting 合作探究·教材重点 学会表达19: 他无法忍受整天待在家里的无聊。 He couldn’t stand the ___________ ___________ staying at home all day. boredom of 合作探究·教材重点 6 energetic /enə'dʒetɪk/ adj. 精力充沛的（教材P9） (观察)· The children are so energetic that they can play all day. 孩子们精力充沛，可以玩一整天。 · She danced energetically at the party last night. 昨晚她在派对上精力充沛地跳舞。 · She has a lot of energy and can work for hours without getting tired. 她精力充沛，可以工作几个小时而不感到疲倦。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 形容词energetic 为名词energy（精力；活力）+后缀-tic 构成。 加后缀 -tic 构成的形容词通常表示“与……相关的”或“具有……特性的”。此类形容词有：dramatic 戏剧性的；artistic 艺术的；realistic 现实的；fantastic 极好的等。 energetically 作副词，意为“精力充沛地”。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用20: It’s __________ (energy) of Grandpa to walk for half an hour when he’s in his nineties. 学会运用21: The medical teams spend most of their time and __________ (精力) saving people’s lives. 学会表达22: 团队精力充沛地工作，按时完成了项目。 The team ___________ ______________ to finish the project on time. energetic energy worked energetically 合作探究·教材重点 7 active /'æktɪv/ adj. 积极的；活跃的（教材P9） (观察)· She is an active member of the school club. 她是学校俱乐部的一个活跃成员。 · The students are actively preparing for the exam. 学生们正在积极准备考试。 · Outdoor activities are good for health. 户外活动对健康有益。 · Please activate your account by clicking the link. 请点击链接激活您的账户。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 词形变化：形容词active 是由名词act+ 后缀-ive构成；active+ 后缀-ly 可构成副词actively（积极地）；active+ 后缀-ty 构成名词activity（活动）；active+ 后缀-ate 可构成动词activate（激活）。 加后缀-ive 构成形容词的情形还有：creative 有创造力的；attractive 有吸引力的；effective 有效的；expensive 昂贵的；sensitive 敏感的等。 合作探究·教材重点 由active 构成的短语有： take an active part in 积极参与； play an active role in... 在……中起积极作用； stay active 保持活跃； active lifestyle 积极的生活方式。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用23: I’m not the only child in my family, and I have _______ active sister. A. a B. an C. the D. / 学会运用24: There are a lot of interesting _________ (active). Do you want to take part in them? 学会运用25: He takes an _________ (act) part in class discussions. 学会表达26: 主动学习有助于学生更好地理解。 _________ _________ helps students understand better. B activities active Active learning 合作探究·教材重点 8 encourage /ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ/ vt. 鼓励（教材P9） (观察)· Her parents always encourage her to follow her dreams. 她的父母总是鼓励她追求梦想。 · Your encouragement means a lot to me. 你的鼓励对我意义重大。 · She gave him an encouraging smile. 她给了他一个鼓励的微笑。 合作探究·教材重点 · I felt encouraged by her kind words. 她善意的话语让我感到受到了鼓励。 · She showed great courage when she faced the challenge. 她面对挑战时表现出了巨大的勇气。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 及物动词encourage 由前缀en-+ 名词courage（勇气；胆量）构成，意为“鼓励”。 encourage+ 后缀-ment构成名词encouragement(鼓励)。encourage 的现在分词形式encouraging 为形容词，意为“鼓励人的”；而其过去分词形式encouraged 为形容词，意为“受到鼓励的”。 常用短语：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事；feel encouraged 受到鼓励；filled with courage 充满了勇气。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用27: Ms Luo always encourages her students ________ trying while they _________ . A. keep; are drawing B. to keep; drew C. to keep; are drawing D. keep; draw 学会运用28: The government ______________ (courage) local people to learn lantern-making widely. C encourages 合作探究·教材重点 学会表达29: 他的学校提供攀岩课，以鼓励学生锻炼身体。 His school offered rock climbing lessons in order to __________ ___________ _________ __________. encourage students to exercise 合作探究·教材重点 9 believe /bɪ'liːv/ vt. 相信（教材P9） (观察)· I believe what you said. 我相信你说的话。 · She believes that hard work leads to success. 她相信努力会带来成功。 · He believes in the importance of honesty. 他相信诚实的重要性。 · It is believed that the project will be completed on time. 人们相信这个项目会按时完成。 · Different cultures have different beliefs. 不同的文化有不同的信仰。 · It’s unbelievable how fast she can run. 她跑得如此之快, 真是不可思议。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 believe 为及物动词，后面可跟名词、代词、从句等作宾语。 believe 的名词形式为belief（信仰），其复数形式为beliefs。 前缀un-+believe+ 后缀-able= 形容词unbelievable，意为“难以置信的；难以相信的”。 由believe 构成的固定短语：believe in oneself 相信自己；固定句式：It’s believed that... 人们相信/ 据信……。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用30: Teenagers must believe _______ themselves. They can overcome difficulties. A. in B. to C. at D. on 学会运用31: [无锡] Some people __________ (相信) robots will take most jobs away from humans in the future. 学会表达32: 你总是相信我，鼓励我追随我的热情和梦想。 You always _________ _________ me and encourage me to follow my passions (热情) and dreams. A believe believe in 合作探究·教材重点 1 a little bit 有点儿（教材P9） (观察)· I’m a little bit tired after the long walk. 走了很长的路后，我有点累了。 · The movie was a bit boring. 这部电影有点无聊。 · He added a little bit of salt to the soup. 他在汤里加了一点盐。 · He is a little taller than his brother. 他比他的兄弟高一点。 探究二 核心短语 合作探究·教材重点 辨析: a little bit, a bit, a little 与a bit of 短语 用法 例句 a little bit 修饰形容词、副词、动词等 Your schoolwork worries me a little bit. 你的功课让我有点担心。 a bit 修饰形容词、副词、动词等 You need to work on your writing a bit more. 你需要在写作方面多下点功夫。 a little 修饰不可数名词或形容词、副词、动词等 There is a little milk left. 还剩下一点牛奶。 a bit of 修饰不可数名词 Can I have a bit of your cake? 我能吃一点你的蛋糕吗？ 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用1: In early spring in Harbin, grass turns green and some flowers _______ though it is _______ cold. It’s really a beautiful city! A. come on; a little B. come out; a little bit C. come out; a bit of D. come on; a bit B 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用2: —Bob, ______ sunshine is good for us and makes us happy. Let’s go out for a walk. —I’d love to, but I’m tired today. What about tomorrow? A. a bit; a bit B. a bit; a bit of C. a bit of; a bit D. a bit of; a bit of 学会表达3: 他比他弟弟高一点。 He is _______ _______ _______ taller than his brother. C a little bit 合作探究·教材重点 2 keep secrets 保密（教材P11） (观察)· A good friend should know how to keep secrets. 一个好朋友应该知道如何保守秘密。 · He kept the secret for many years. 他保守这个秘密很多年。 · This is a secret, so please keep it to yourself. 这是一个秘密，所以请保密。 合作探究·教材重点 · Let’s keep the plan under wraps until it’s ready. 让我们在计划准备好之前保密。 · She decided to keep the news secret until the right time. 她决定在合适的时机之前保密这个消息。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 关于“保密”的短语有：keep a secret/secrets 保密；keep it to yourself 不告诉别人；keep sth. under wraps保密，不公开某事；keep sth. secret 保密某事。 由keep 构成的其他短语有： keep one’s promise 信守诺言；keep sth. in order 保持某物整齐；keep fit 保持健康；keep on doing sth. 继续做某事；keep in mind 记住；keep calm 保持冷静；keep away from 远离；keep up with 跟上，不落后等。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用4: —Can you tell your best friend everything about yourself? —Of course. She can _________. A. keep secrets B. share my joy C. make me happy D. worry about me 学会运用5: It’s an important task. You must _________ _________ _________ (保密). A keep it/a secret 合作探究·教材重点 学会表达6: 如果你承诺保守这个秘密，我会告诉你的。 If you promise to keep it __________ __________, I will tell you about it. to yourself 合作探究·教材重点 1 She knows how to cheer me up when I am feeling down. 当我情绪低落时，她知道如何让我振作起来。（教材P8） 探究三 核心句式 (分析结构) 在句子中，She 是主语，执行动作，knows为谓语，表示“知道”，how to cheer me up 作宾语， when I am feeling down 是时间状语从句，表时间。 ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~ 合作探究·教材重点 ·She is learning how to cook. 她正在学习如何做饭。 · The question is where to find the answer. 问题是在哪里找到答案。 · It is important to know what to do in an emergency. 知道在紧急情况下该做什么很重要。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 “疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 “疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构也可以扩展为一个从句，如： The children don’t know where to go. = The children don’t know where they should go.孩子们不知道要去哪里。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用1: —You should be careful when _______. —Yes, I will. I’d like to know when _______ to have a rest. A. driving; stopping B. driving; to stop C. to drive; stopping D. to drive; to stop 学会表达2: 何时何地去学校旅行取决于天气。 _________ _________ _________ to go for the school trip depends on the weather. B When and where 合作探究·教材重点 2 And it’s good to share interests with our best friends. 与我们最好的朋友一起分享兴趣是极好的。（教材P11） (分析结构) 在句子中，it 是形式主语，is 为系动词，good 是表语，to share interests with our best friends 是真正主语说明it 指的具体内容。 ~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~ 合作探究·教材重点 · It’s important to study hard. 努力学习很重要。 · It’s necessary for students to wear uniforms. 对学生来说，穿校服是必要的。 · It’s surprising that she won the competition. 令人惊讶的是，她赢得了比赛。 · It’s a challenge to learn a new language. 学习一门新语言是一个挑战。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 在英语中，当动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）或从句作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正主语后置。在固定句式“It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.”中，It 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to do sth.。 合作探究·教材重点 类似结构有： 结构 用法 例句 It’s + 形容词 + to do sth. 表示“做某事的 性质或感受” It’s important to study hard. 努力学习很重要。 It’s + 形容词+ for sb.+ to do sth. 表示“对某人来说 做某事是……的” It’s difficult for me to solve this problem. 对我来说，解决这个问题很难。 It’s + 形容词 + that 从句 表示“某事 是……的” It’s clear that he is lying. 很明显，他在说谎。 It’s +a/an +名词 + to do sth. 表示“做某事 是……的” It’s a pleasure to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用3: It’s necessary for you __________ your ideas with others and learn from others. A. share B. to share C. sharing D. shared 学会运用4: It is a pity __________ he lost his way in the forest and had to stay there for the whole night. A. that B. when C. where D. who 学会运用5: It’s a pleasure ____________ (work) together with you in the company. B A to work 合作探究·教材重点 学会表达6: 到达山顶很难，但中途停下来很遗憾，所以不要放弃。 It’s hard __________ __________ the top of the mountain, but __________ __________ __________ to stop halfway, so don’t give up. to reach it’s a pity 合作探究·教材重点 $$Word power Unit 1 Friendship We can add the suffix -ful or -less to some nouns to form adjectives. The suffix -ful means “full of”. The suffix -less means “without”. My best friend Max is a cheerful person. He always looks on the bright side of things. He is also very helpful. Once I had a sleepless night because I was worried about a volleyball game. I felt helpless. The next day, Max came and gave me some useful advice. 自主学习·教材剖析 Noun Adjective(with -ful ) Adjective(with -less ) care careful careless hope hopeful hopeless use useful useless 自主学习·教材剖析 A Work in pairs and complete the table below. If you cannot add the suffix -ful or -less to a word, put a cross(×) in the box. You may use a dictionary. 自主学习·教材剖析 Adjective(with -ful ) Adjective(with -less ) cheer end help meaning sleep taste cheerful cheerless × endless helpful helpless meaningful meaningless × sleepless tasteful tasteless 自主学习·教材剖析 TIP Not all words have both -ful and -less as suffixes. endful （×） endless（√） 自主学习·教材剖析 B Daniel wrote a diary entry about his day out with Simon. Add the correct suffix -ful or -less to the nouns in brackets to complete the text. Yesterday, I went to Sunshine Park with Simon. It was a (1) __________ (beauty) day with a bright blue, (2) __________ (cloud) sky. beautiful cloudless 自主学习·教材剖析 We played badminton /'bædmɪntən/ for about an hour. Simon was very (3) __________ (thought) and brought water for me. I’m not very good at badminton. In fact, I’m (4) __________ (hope) at most sports. However /haʊːevə(r)/, Simon is kind enough to give me many (5) __________ (use) tips. thoughtful hopeless useful 自主学习·教材剖析 After our game, we walked around the park. We saw people flying kites. There were many (6) __________ (colour) kites in the sky. Later, a boy’s balloon /bə'luːn/ got caught in a tree and Simon took it down for him. He’s always (7) __________ (help) like that. I’m so glad he is my friend. ~~~~~~ “被挂住”，由“get+ 过去分词”构成的短语还有：get dressed 穿衣服；get lost 迷路；get married 结婚；get paid 得到报酬；get hurt 受伤等。 colourful helpful 自主学习·教材剖析 C Collect more words with the suffix -ful or –less and try to describe an experience you had with a friend using these words. Last month, my friend Lily and I joined in a colourful art competition. Lily was very wonderful because she painted beautiful pictures. At first, I felt hopeless because I kept making careless mistakes. But Lily said, “Don’t worry. Mistakes are useless if we don’t learn from them!” She taught me to be careful and use powerful colours. Finally, our teamwork was successful! （答案不唯一） 自主学习·教材剖析 形容词后缀-ful 和-less (观察)· We all like the girl who always wears a beautiful smile on her face. 我们都很喜欢这个脸上总是带有美丽微笑的女孩儿。 · Be careful when you cross the street.你过马路时要小心。 探究一 构词法 形容词后缀-ful 和-less 合作探究·教材重点 · He made a careless mistake in his homework. 他在他的作业中犯了一个粗心的错误。 · He is a fearless leader who leads us to overcome difficulties one after another. 他是一位无畏的领导者，带领我们克服一个又一个困难。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 名词+ 后缀-ful= 形容词，意为“充满……的”。 如：beauty→beautiful （美丽的）；success→successful（成功的）；power→powerful（强大的）；hope→hopeful（充满希望的）。 名词+ 后缀-less= 形容词，意为“没有/ 缺少……的”。 如：fear→fearless（无畏的）；care→careless（粗心的）；end→endless（无尽的）；use→useless（无用的）。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用1: The _______ you are, the _______ mistakes you’ll make. A. more careful; more B. less careful; fewer C. more careful; fewer 学会运用2: Mary is _________________ (care). She always hits the wall when she drives. 学会表达3: 我最喜欢绿色，因为它充满青春和希望。 I like green best, because it’s __________ __________ __________. C more careless youthful and hopeful 合作探究·教材重点 however /haʊ'evə(r)/ adv. 然而（教材P14） (观察)· I wanted to go to the park; however, it started to rain. 我想去公园，然而开始下雨了。 · However（=No matter how） difficult the task is, we must finish it on time. 无论任务多么困难，我们都必须按时完成它。 · You can do it however you like. 你可以按你喜欢的方式做这件事。 探究二 核心单词 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 副词however 表示转折，在句中作插入语，而并列连词but 也表示转折，但它的功能是引导并列句。 however 表示让步，引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how。however 表示方式，引导方式状语从句。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用1: I thought I did badly in the test. ___________ (然而), the result was not as bad as I expected. 学会表达2: No matter how difficult the life is, don’t give up. （同义句转换） ___________ difficult the life is, don’t give up. However However 合作探究·教材重点 $$Grammar Unit 1 Friendship Read the sentences below and pay attention to the use of comparative and superlative adjectives. Betty’s hair is longer than mine. Max is more interesting than his classmates. Betty is the most helpful person in our class. Max is the tallest boy in our class. 自主学习·教材剖析 We use comparative adjectives +than to compare _________ people or things; we use the + superlative adjectives to compare _________ or more people or things. Work out the rule! two three 自主学习·教材剖析 We form comparative and superlative adjectives like this: Adjective Comparative Superlative Most short adjectives + er + est long small → longer → smaller → longest → smallest TIP Short adjectives are adjectives with one or two syllables: clean heavy 自主学习·教材剖析 Adjective Comparative Superlative Short adjectives ending in e + r + st fine nice → finer → nicer →finest → nicest Short adjectives ending in a consonant + y -y + ier -y + iest tidy pretty → tidier → prettier → tidiest → prettiest 自主学习·教材剖析 Adjective Comparative Superlative Short adjectives ending in a vowel + a consonant double the consonant+ er double the consonant+ est big slim → bigger → slimmer → biggest → slimmest 自主学习·教材剖析 Adjective Comparative Superlative Long adjectives more + most + beautiful wonderful → more beautiful → more wonderful → most beautiful → most wonderful TIP Long adjectives are adjectives with three or more syllables: beautiful interesting 自主学习·教材剖析 TIP We can add-(e)r/-(e)st or more/most to the following adjectives with two syllables: clever handsome polite simple stupid 自主学习·教材剖析 Adjective Comparative Superlative Irregular adjectives replace the word replace the word good bad → better → worse /wɜːs/ → best → worst /wɜːst/ 自主学习·教材剖析 Adjective Comparative Superlative funny close beautiful kind A Complete the table with the correct comparative and superlative adjectives. funnier funniest closer closest more beautiful most beautiful kinder kindest 自主学习·教材剖析 Adjective Comparative Superlative slim difficult smart cute pretty bright slimmer slimmest more difficult most difficult smarter smartest cuter cutest prettier prettiest brighter brightest 自主学习·教材剖析 Adjective Comparative Superlative interesting sad wonderful heavy good bad more interesting most interesting sadder saddest more wonderful most wonderful heavier heaviest better best worse worst 自主学习·教材剖析 Millie Sandy Amy Peter Kitty Simon Height /haɪt/ (cm) 161 170 158 173 160 178 Weight (kg) 47 50 45 55 44 53 Drawing score 89 93 87 74 78 88 50m swimming (sec.) /sek/ 80 76 60 68 70 65 Standing long jump(cm) 190 195 180 220 185 230 B Daniel has made some notes about his classmates. Complete his notes below. 自主学习·教材剖析 1 Peter is shorter than (short) Simon. 2 Simon is ____________ (tall) of the six students. 3 Amy is _____________ (light) Sandy. 4 Peter is _____________ (heavy) of the six students. 5 Among the six students, Millie is ____________ (slow) swimmer. the tallest lighter than the heaviest the slowest 自主学习·教材剖析 6 Amy is ____________ (fast) swimmer of the six students. 7 Millie’s drawing score is ____________ (high) Peter’s. 8 Sandy’s drawing score is ____________ (high) of the six students. 9 Simon’s test /test/ score for standing long jump is ____________ (good) Peter’s. Simon’s test score for standing long jump is ___________ (good) of the six students. the fastest higher than the highest better than the best 自主学习·教材剖析 C Describe your friends, including their looks and what they are good at, using comparative and superlative adjectives. My friend Jack is the tallest in our class. He is better at math than me, and he always finishes homework faster than anyone else.（答案不唯一） 自主学习·教材剖析 1 worse /wɜːs/ adj.（bad 的比较级）更差的（教材P12） (观察)· The weather today is worse than yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天更糟。 · The situation is getting worse. 情况正在变得更糟。 · Don’t argue with him; it will only make things worse. 别和他争论，这只会让事情更糟。 探究 核心单词 合作探究·教材重点 · I missed the bus, and what was worse, it started to rain. 我错过了公交车，更糟糕的是，天开始下雨了。 · She felt the worst after the long journey. 长途旅行后，她感觉最糟糕。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 worse 是形容词 bad 的比较级形式，而worst 是其最高级形式。 常见短语有：get worse（变得更糟）；make things worse（使事情更糟）；what’s worse(更糟糕的是) 等。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用1: —What _______ weather! —Yes. The radio says it will be even _______ tomorrow. A. bad; better B. a bad; worse C. bad; worse D. worse; worst 学会表达2: 更糟糕的是，除了那些年迈的糖画家，似乎很少有人愿意传承这门艺术。 _________ _________, few people seem to be willing to pass on the art except those aging sugar painters. C What’s worse 合作探究·教材重点 2 height /haɪt/ n. 身高；高度（教材P13） (观察)· The height of the mountain is 2,000 meters. 这座山的高度是2000 米。 · At the height of his career, he was very famous. 在他事业的顶峰时期，他非常有名。 · The tree is about 10 meters in height. 这棵树的高度大约为10 米。 · The airplane reached a height of 10,000 meters. 飞机达到了10000 米的高度。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 height 是形容词high 的名词形式，意为“高度”。 high 既可作形容词，也可作副词。形容词high 的另一副词形式为highly，意为“高级地；大量地；很；非常”。 由height 构成的短语有：the height of... ……的高度；at the height of... 在……的顶峰；in height 高度；reach a height of... 达到……的高度等。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用3: —On April 25, 2024, China’s Shenzhou- 18 spacecraft (宇宙飞船) flew in to space successfully. —Wow, China’s space technology has reached a new ______. A. method B. energy C. height D. industry 学会表达4: 上海中心大厦是中国最高的建筑，高632 米。 Shanghai Tower is _________ _________ building in China, which is 632 metres _________ _________. C the highest in height 合作探究·教材重点 $$Integration Unit 1 Friendship A Daniel found a story about friends. Read the story with him and answer the questions below. Two friends and the bear Two friends were walking in the forest. It was a sunny day and they were happy. Suddenly, they saw a bear coming towards them. They were very scared/skeəd/. ~~~~~~~ 过去进行时 ~~~~~~~~~~ see sb./sth. doing sth. 看见某人或某物正在做某事 自主学习·教材剖析 One of the friends quickly climbed up a tree. But there wasn’t another tree nearby for the other friend. He knew he couldn’t fight/faɪt/ the bear alone, so he lay down on the ground. He thought, “The bear will leave me alone if it thinks I’m dead/ded/.” The bear came close to the friend on the ground and smelt his head, but it didn’t attack/ə'tæk/. 自主学习·教材剖析 When the bear was gone, the other friend came down from the tree. “It looked like the bear said something to you,” he said. “Yes,” answered the friend on the ground. “It said a true friend should not leave you in times of danger/'deɪndʒə(r)/.” ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ 长难句分析：这是一个复合句，包含一个时间状语从句和一个主句。时间状语从句是“When the bear was gone”，主句是“the other friend came down from the tree”。 自主学习·教材剖析 1 What did the two friends do when they saw the bear? 2 What can you learn from the story? When they saw the bear, one friend quickly climbed up a tree, and the other friend lay down on the ground to pretend he was dead. I learned that a true friend should stay with you and help you in dangerous times, not leave you alone. 自主学习·教材剖析 思考：What will you do if your friend is in danger? I will call adults for help immediately and stay with my friend to keep him safe.（答案不唯一） 自主学习·教材剖析 略 B1 Daniel, Simon and Millie are talking about making friends. Listen to their conversation and tick the advice mentioned in their talk. Join a club Be brave /breɪv/and talk to others Be nice to others Smile at others Sit next to others on a bus Ask a friend to introduce you to others Be patient 自主学习·教材剖析 B2 Mr Wu is telling the students how to get along with friends. Listen to him and complete the notes below. How to get along with friends Be a good listener. ·You can (1) _____________ . ·(2) _____________ can also help. Try to (3) _____________ your friends when they are talking. Nod from time to time. 略 自主学习·教材剖析 Be a (4) _____________ person. ·Share funny stories and (5) _____________ with friends. ·Notice and care about your friends’ (6) _____________. 自主学习·教材剖析 TIP When listening and taking notes, we don't need to write the complete form of a word or phrase. 自主学习·教材剖析 B3 Daniel is writing an article about making friends and getting along with them. Complete his article below with the information in Parts B1 and B2. A life without friends can be very lonely, but building strong and healthy friendships is not easy. One of the best ways of making friends is to join a (1) __________. This will give you a chance to meet people with the same (2) __________ as you. 略 自主学习·教材剖析 Another way is to talk to someone new in the school (3) __________ . It can be difficult, but you need to be (4) __________ to talk to others if you want to make friends. Once /wʌns/ you are friends, there are some easy ways to make sure your friendship lasts. Ask questions and use (5) __________ to show that you are a good listener. Try to (6) __________ your friend when he or she is talking and nod your head from time to time. 自主学习·教材剖析 Finally, don’t forget to be (7) __________ and care about your friends’ feelings/'fiːlɪŋz/. You should share happy times together and (8) __________ each other up during bad times. 自主学习·教材剖析 C Simon and Kitty are talking about how many friends to have. Work in pairs and discuss your own ideas. Use the conversation below as a model. Kitty: Simon, which do you think is better, lots of friends or just a few? Simon: I think the more friends you have, the better. Kitty: Really? I think it’s more important to have a few really good friends. 自主学习·教材剖析 Simon: But with lots of friends, you can play team games together like football or basketball. Kitty: Yes, that’s true. But with just a few friends, you get to know each other better and have more time and energy to support each other. Simon: Maybe you have a point. 自主学习·教材剖析 A: Hi! Do you think having many friends is better than having just a few? B: Yes, I think so. With many friends, you can play games together and never feel lonely. A: But I think a few close friends are better. They understand you and always help you. 自主学习·教材剖析 B: Maybe. But with more friends, you can learn new things from different people. A: That’s true. But close friends will stay with you even when you’re sad or in trouble. B: Hmm, maybe you’re right. Friends should care about each other.（答案不唯一） 自主学习·教材剖析 Her name is Lily. D The Class 1, Grade 8 students are going to write an article about their best friend for Teenagers magazine’s writing competition. D1 Answer the questions below about your best friend. Tell me all about your best friend 1 What is his/her name? ________________________________________________ 略 自主学习·教材剖析 2 When and where did you first meet? ____________________________________________________ 3 What does he/she look like? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 4 What is he/she like? ____________________________________________________ I first met her two years ago at my school. She has long black hair, big eyes, and a lovely smile. She is taller than me. She is very kind and friendly. She always makes people laugh. 自主学习·教材剖析 5 What are his/her best qualities? _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 6 How do you feel about your best friend? _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Her best qualities are patience and honesty. She never tells lies and helps everyone. I feel lucky to have her as my best friend. She makes my life happier and brighter.（答案均不唯一） 自主学习·教材剖析 D2 Read Kitty’s article about her best friend. My best friend My best friend is Joan. I met her five years ago at a dance club. lntroduction: Say who your best friend is and when and where you met. 自主学习·教材剖析 Joan is taller than me. Her hair is long and soft. I like her bright smiling eyes. They make her look pretty and kind. Joan is helpful and patient. Sometimes I cannot do well in our dance class, and she is always kind to give me help. Joan is caring and thoughtful/'θɔːtfl/. I often tell her when something worries me, and she always tries to help and keeps it a secret for me. Main body: Describe your best friend’s looks, character and his/her best qualities. 自主学习·教材剖析 Conclusion: Say how you feel about your best friend. Joan is also a cheerful person. She likes to look on the bright side. Every time I feel down, she will cheer me up and make me feel better. I think Joan is great, and I hope we will be best friends forever! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ 长难句分析：这是一个并列复合句，两个复合句通过连词 and 连接而成。第一个复合句中主语是I，谓语是think，宾语是一个从句：Joan is great。第二个复合句中主语是I，谓语是hope，从句we will be best friends forever作hope 的宾语。 自主学习·教材剖析 从教材语篇D2 学写作技巧 三步法介绍人物 在英语写作中，运用三步法介绍人物可有效塑造立体形象。在引言部分，开门见山，引出人物。主体部分需要分点描述外貌、性格和优点，每部分给出例子。比如外貌可以描述身高、发型等；性格方面使用形容词kind, funny 等；优点则用具体的事例，如帮助学习或参加比赛。在结尾部分，表达对朋友的感激或看法。 自主学习·教材剖析 D3 Write your article about your best friend based on the information in Part D1. Use Kitty’s article as a model. Words about people Face long, round, square, small Eyes big, small, round, bright, smiling Nose big, small, long, short Hair black, dark brown, long, short 自主学习·教材剖析 Words about people Looks beautiful, pretty, lovely, handsome, cute, short, tall, slim, strong Character clever, smart, polite, friendly, kind, hard-working, honest, humorous, patient 自主学习·教材剖析 Useful expressions I first met him/her...years ago. We met at/in/during... ...is taller/shorter than me. ...has long hair/short hair/big eyes/... I like his/her... ...is helpful/patient/... ...is also a cheerful/trustworthy/...person. Every time I..., he/she will... 自主学习·教材剖析 My best friend is Amy. We met three years ago at our school library. She has a round face, big bright eyes, and short dark brown hair. She is taller and slimmer than me. Amy is kind and helpful. Once, I forgot my homework, and she shared her notes to help me. She is also honest—she never lies, even when it’s hard. Amy is smart and funny. She tells jokes in class, but she works hard too. Every time I worry about exams, she smiles and says, “Let’s study together!” I’m lucky to have her. I hope we’ll be friends forever!（答案不唯一） 自主学习·教材剖析 1 scared /skeəd/ adj. 害怕，恐惧（教材P15） (观察)· Many children are scared of the dark. 许多孩子怕黑。 ·He is scared to speak in public. 他害怕在公众面前讲话。 · The loud noise scared the birds away. 巨大的噪音把鸟吓跑了。 · The teacher scared the students into studying harder. 老师吓得学生们更加努力学习。 探究一 核心单词 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 scare 的形容词形式：scared 害怕，恐惧；scary 恐怖的。 常见短语：be scared of... 害怕……；be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事；scare sb. away 把某人吓跑；scare sb. into doing sth. 吓得某人做某事等。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用1: She looked __________ (scare) when she saw the snake. 学会运用2: The little girl cries because she is scared _______ the big dog. 学会表达3:那部惊悚电影吓坏了她，她害怕独自上床睡觉。 The __________ __________ scared her so much that she felt __________ __________ __________ to bed alone. scared of scary movie scared to go 合作探究·教材重点 2 fight /faɪt/ vt.&vi. 搏斗，打斗；为...... 斗争（教材P15） (观察)· He fought against his illness bravely. 他勇敢地与疾病作斗争。 · She fought for her dream and finally succeeded. 她为她的梦想而奋斗，最终成功了。 · The two boys fought with each other over a toy. 两个男孩为了一个玩具打架。 · The soldiers fought back bravely against the enemy. 士兵们勇敢地反击敌人。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 fight 作动词，意为“搏斗，打斗；为……争斗”。由动词fight+ 后缀-er 构成名词fighter 战士。 由动词fight 所构成的短语有：fight sb./sth. 与某人/ 某物进行斗争；fight against... 与……斗争；fight for... 为……而战；fight with... 与……打架；fight back 反击等。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用4: With their white coats on, medical workers become _______ (fight). 学会运用5: Two firemen lost their lives in the fight a the big fire in the forest. 学会表达6: 污染是我们的敌人，我们必须与之斗争。 Pollution is our enemy, and we have to ________ ________. fighters gainst fight it 合作探究·教材重点 3 dead /ded/ adj. 死的（教材P15） (观察)· The flowers are dead because no one watered them. 这些花死了，因为没人给它们浇水。 · He found a dead bird in the garden. 他在花园里发现了一只死鸟。 · The death of her pet made her very sad. 她宠物的死亡让她非常伤心。 合作探究·教材重点 · The dying man asked to see his family one last time. 这个垂死的人要求最后见一次他的家人。 · Both mushrooms look common but are in fact deadly. 这两种蘑菇看起来很普通，但实际上却是致命的。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 动词die 的形容词形式为dead（死的），名词形式为death（死亡），现在分词形容词为dying（垂死的），另一形容词形式为deadly，意为“致命的”。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用7: He is _________ (die), but his spirit lives on. 学会运用8: The accident caused many _________ (die). 学会运用9: It is amazing that the autumn leaves are so pretty while they are _________ （濒死）. 学会表达10:那棵老树去年冬天死了，它枯死的树枝让我们想起它生前的美好。 The old tree ________ last winter. Its _________ branches remind us of the beauty of its life before _________. dead deaths dying died dead death 合作探究·教材重点 4 attack /ə'tæk/ vi.&vt. 攻击；袭击（教材P15） (观察)·The dog attacked the stranger. 这只狗攻击了陌生人。 · The company is under attack from its competitors. 这家公司正受到竞争对手的攻击。 · The lion attacked the deer in the forest. 狮子在森林里攻击了鹿。 · He had a heart attack and was rushed to the hospital. 他心脏病发作，并被紧急送往医院。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 attack 作动词，意为“攻击；袭击”，构成的短语有：attack sb./sth. 攻击某人/ 某物；attack the problem 对难题进行攻关。 attack 还可作名词，意为“攻击；发作”，常见短语有：under attack 受到攻击；heart attack 心脏病发作。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用11: He died several months after the heart a . 学会表达12: 当动物受到攻击时，它会逃跑或还击。 When an animal is _________ _________ , it can run away or fight back. 学会表达13: 黑客攻击了网站并窃取了信息。 The hacker _________ _________ _________ and stole information. ttack under attack attacked the website 合作探究·教材重点 5 danger /'deɪndʒə(r)/ n. 危险（教材P15） (观察)· The red light is a danger signal. 红灯是危险信号。 · His life was in danger after the accident. 事故发生后，他的生命处于危险中。 · The doctor said the patient was out of danger. 医生说病人脱离危险了。 · Please stay away from the danger zone. 请远离危险区域。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 由danger 构成的短语有：in danger 处于危险中； danger zone 危险区域；out of danger 脱离危险；danger signal 危险信号等。 前缀en-+名词danger= 及物动词endanger（危及）；名词danger+ 后缀-ous= 形容词 dangerous（危险的）。 及物动词endanger 的过去分词形容词endangered 意为 “濒危的”。如：endangered animals 濒危动物。 合作探究·教材重点 一语辨异 The endangered animals were rescued from the dangerous forest and are now out of danger. 这些濒危动物从危险的森林中被救出，现在已经脱离了危险。 ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~ 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用14: Ask the police for help when you are _______. A. endangering B. in dangerous C. danger D. in danger 学会运用15: Tigers are ____________ (danger) animals, so we should keep away from them. 学会运用16: 我们应该同情并帮助那些处于危险中的野生动物们。 We should take pity on and help those wild animals ___________ ___________. D dangerous in danger 合作探究·教材重点 6 brave /breɪv/ adj. 勇敢的（教材P15） (观察)· She was brave enough to speak in front of the whole class. 她足够勇敢，在全班面前发言。 · The brave firefighter saved the child from the burning building. 勇敢的消防员从燃烧的建筑物中救出了孩子。 · She bravely faced the challenges and succeeded. 她勇敢地面对挑战并取得了成功。 · The story is about the bravery of a young hero. 这个故事讲述了一个年轻英雄的勇敢。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 词形变化：brave adj. 勇敢的→ bravely adv. 勇敢地→ bravery n. 勇敢 常见短语：a brave soldier 一个勇敢的士兵；fight bravely英勇作战；face danger with bravery 勇敢面对危险；be brave to do sth. 勇敢地去做某事等。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用17: He is ________ to answer the difficult question. A. brave enough B. enough brave C. bravely enough D. enough bravely 学会运用18: Face difficulties __________ (brave) and learn from them! 学会表达19: 我不同意她的观点，但我钦佩她表达不同意见的勇气。 I don’t agree with her, but I admire her for her __________ in expressing different opinions. A bravely bravery 合作探究·教材重点 7 once /wʌns/ conj. 一……就；一旦（教材P16） (观察)· Once I get home, I will start cooking. 我一到家就开始做饭。 · Once you make a promise, you should keep it. 一旦你许下诺言，你就应该遵守它 。 · I will call you once I arrive. = Once I arrive, I will call you. 我一到达，就给你打电话。 · Once she saw the dog, she ran away. 她一看到狗，就跑开了。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 once 用法小结： once 引导时间状语从句，强调从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生 。 once 引导条件状语从句，说明在某种条件成立的情况下，会出现相应结果。 once 引导的从句可置于主句前或主句后，意思不变。 合作探究·教材重点 在“主将从现”原则下，主句用一般将来时，once 引导的从句用一般现在时表将来。但如果描述过去的一连串动作，主从句都用一般过去时。 once 可以与as soon as 互换。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用20: I’ll tell her the news _________ (一……就) she comes back. 学会运用21: Once I finish my homework, I __________ (go) out to play. 学会表达22: Once the rain stops, we can go for a walk. (同义句转换) ___________ ___________ ___________ the rain stops, we can go for a walk. 学会表达23: 她一听到这个好消息，就开心地跳了起来。(once) _______________________________________________ once will go As soon as Once she heard the good news, she jumped for joy. 合作探究·教材重点 get along with sb. 与某人和睦相处，关系良好（教材P16） (观察)· She gets along well with her classmates. 她和她的同学们相处得很好。 · How do you get along with your new neighbors? 你和你的新邻居相处得怎么样？ · It’s important to get on well with your family. 与家人和睦相处很重要。 探究二 核心短语 合作探究·教材重点 · Let’s get together with our friends this weekend. 这个周末让我们和我们的朋友们聚一聚吧。 · I will get in touch with you as soon as possible. 我会尽快与你联系。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 get along/on with sb. 意为“与某人和睦相处，关系良好”，常用副词well 作状语，置于动词短语get along/ on 之后。 由get 构成，表示与人交往的短语有： get together with sb. 与某人聚会； get in touch with sb. 与某人联系； get through to sb. 与某人沟通。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用1: Can you offer me some advice on how to get along ________ my neighbours? 学会运用2: I can get along well with my classmates. (对画线部分提问) _______ can you ______ _________ with your classmates? 学会表达3: 汤姆和吉姆相处得不好，是吗？ Tom doesn’t __________ ___________ __________ with Jim, does he? with How get along/on get along/on well 合作探究·教材重点 1 I think the more friends you have, the better. 我认为朋友越多越好。（教材P17） (分析结构)本句中，I 是主语、think 是谓语，其后“the more friends you have, the better”是省略了引导词that 的宾语从句。“the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...”表“越……，就越……”。 ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ 探究三 核心句式 合作探究·教材重点 · The more hard-working you are, the better you can do in your schoolwork. 你越勤奋，在学业上就能做得越好。 · The more you read, the smarter you will be. 你读得越多，你就会越聪明。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 固定句式“the + 比较级...，the + 比较级...”意为“越……，就越……”，二者是条件和结果的关系，前者表示条件，而后者表示结果。 如果比较级是形容词，则句式为系表结构，而如果比较级是副词，则句式为主谓结构。不论是系表结构还是主谓结构，句式均为陈述语序。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用1: ______ you study, ______ grades you will get. A. The hard; the good B. The harder; the better C. Harder; better D. The hardest; the best 学会运用2: The more friends you have, the _________ (happy) you will be. 学会表达3: 你越努力，就会越幸运。 _________ _________ you work, the luckier you will be. B happier The harder 合作探究·教材重点 2 Every time I feel down, she will cheer me up and make me feel better. 每次我情绪低落，她都会让我振作起来，并让我感觉好些。（教材P18） (分析结构)本句中，Every time 引导时间状语从句，其中I 是主语，feel 是系动词，down 是表语；主句中she是主语，will cheer up和 make 是并列谓语，me 是宾语，feel better 是宾补。 ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~ 合作探究·教材重点 · Every time I visit my grandparents, they tell me stories. 每次我去看望祖父母，他们都会给我讲故事。 · As soon as the bell rang, the students left the classroom. 铃声一响，学生们就离开了教室。 · The time I saw her, she was reading a book. 当我看到她时，她正在读书。 · The moment she entered the room, everyone stopped talking. 她一进房间，大家就停止了说话。 合作探究·教材重点 归纳拓展 除when, while, before, after 等以外，引导时间状语从句的引导词还有：as soon as, the time, the moment, every time 等, 它们表示“一……就……”、“每次……都会……”。 合作探究·教材重点 学会运用4: —Don’t forget _______ Tom the money you borrowed? —OK, I will give it to him _______ I see him. A. returning; the moment B. to return; the moment C. returning; the moment when D. to return; before B 合作探究·教材重点 学会表达5: Once the sun sets, the temperature drops quickly. （同义句转换） _________ _________ _________ the sun sets, the temperature drops quickly. 学会表达6: 每次我看到她，她都穿着一件漂亮的裙子。 _________ _________ I see her, she is wearing a beautiful dress. As soon as Every time 合作探究·教材重点 $$