第01讲 沪外版2020必修一词汇（词性转换，短语词组，词汇综合检测）（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第01讲 沪外版必修一词汇 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4 考点一 Unit 1 School Life 4 知识点1 读单词、识词义 4 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 6 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 7 考向1 补全句子翻译 7 考向2 单元话题选词填空 8 考点二 Unit 2 Language and Culture 13 知识点1 读单词、识词义 13 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 14 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 15 考向1 补全句子翻译 16 考向2 单元话题选词填空 18 考点三 Unit 3 Travel 21 知识点1 读单词、识词义 21 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 21 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 23 考向1 补全句子翻译 24 考向2 单元话题选词填空 26 考点四 Unit 4 Customs and Traditions 30 知识点1 读单词、识词义 31 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 31 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 32 考向1 补全句子翻译 32 考向2 单元话题选词填空 35 考点要求 考题统计 考情分析 教材词汇 课标词汇 近几年出现超纲词（含熟词生义；派生词；转化词） perception strategic methodology eradicate alleviate mitigate 一：新高考词汇难度增大。高频词深度化考查成为绝对主流；检测学生对核心词在语篇语境下的词汇深层理解和运用能力，要求建立以核心词为主的语义网络。 二：学术词汇（AWL）考查量激增与语境化。学术词汇表（Academic Word List）在最近试卷中出现频率增长较多，且呈现：生物领域：culture=细胞培养（非文化） 经济文本：fluctuation=市场波动。检测"中国文化→英语思维→国际表达"的转换能力，要求考生建立概念对等而非字面对应的认知模式。在备考中，应当注重掌握课标，扩充课外阅读量。 1. 稳中有升增加对熟词生义的考查。 2. 适度考查一些学生不常接触的高考词汇。 3. 加大了对构词法的考查力度。 4. 全面考查词汇在语境中灵活运用的能力，如情境意识、同义转换和概要思维能力。 复习目标：以新课标词汇为依据，上外、上教版新教材单词表为蓝本，以近年新高考真题为导向，在一轮词汇复习中夯实词汇基础，并反复积累，运用构词法扩大词汇量并在大量的语篇阅读中迁移词汇运用能力，大胆猜测熟词的生义并积累地道的搭配和习惯用语。 考点一Unit1 School Life 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 assignment n. (分派的) 任务 complete an assignment；hand in an assignment related adj. 相关的；有联系的 be related to...（例：The study is related to environmental issues.） creative adj. 创造 (性) 的；创作的 creative thinking；creative work stare v. 盯着看；凝视 stare at sb./sth.（例：Don’t stare at others—it’s rude.） blank adj. 空白的 a blank page；blank expression sheet n. 一张 a sheet of paper；bed sheets essay n. 文章，短文 - actually adv. 事实上，的确 - fiction n. 小说 science fiction（科幻小说 / 影片） distant adj. 遥远的；久远的 - alien n. 外星人；外星生物 - ignore v. 忽视；对…… 不予理会 - beg v. 恳求；哀求 - sort n. 种类；类别 - rather adv. 相当，在某种程度上 rather than（而不是） harsh adj. 残酷的；严厉的 - (be) related to 动词短语 相关的；有联系的 - make sure 动词短语 确保；设法保证 make sure to do sth.（例：Make sure to lock the door.） science fiction 名词短语 科幻小说 (或影片等) - hand in 动词短语 提交，上交 (尤指书面材料或失物) hand in homework（交作业） turn out 动词短语 结果是；证明是；原来是 turn out to be...（例：The plan turned out to be successful.） teenager n. (13 至 19 岁之间的) 青少年 - pressure n./v. 心理压力；紧张 / 逼迫 under pressure（承受压力）；pressure sb. to do sth.（逼迫某人做某事） expectation n. 希望；盼望 meet sb.’s expectations（达到某人期望） comfort n./v. 安慰；慰藉 / 安慰 take comfort in...（从…… 中获得安慰） throughout prep. 自始至终 throughout the day（一整天） adult adj./n. 成年人的 / 成年人 - reflect v. 认真思考；深思 reflect on...（反思……） nasty adj. 不友好的；令人不愉快的 - comment n. 议论；评论 make a comment（发表评论） glance n. 匆匆一看；一瞥 take a glance at...（瞥一眼……） behaviour n. 行为；举止 good/bad behaviour（良好 / 不良行为） shortage n. 不足；缺少 a shortage of...（…… 的短缺） genuine adj. 真诚的；真心的；可依赖的 - tempt v. 引诱；诱惑 tempt sb. to do sth.（引诱某人做某事） forward adv. 向前 move forward（前进） chapter n. (人生或历史的) 时期，篇章 - limitation n. 限制；不足之处 have limitations（有局限性） under pressure 介词短语 承受着 (急于完成某事的) 压力 - hold back 动词短语 妨碍进展 hold back development（阻碍发展） tip n. 指点；实用的提示 give a tip（给出建议） regular adj. 有规律的；定时的 regular exercise（规律锻炼） concentrate v. 集中 (注意力)；聚精会神 concentrate on...（专注于……） concern n. (对人、组织等) 重要的事情；关心 show concern for...（对…… 表示关心） facility n. 设施；设备 public facilities（公共设施） puzzled adj. 困惑的，迷惑不解的 look puzzled（看起来困惑） locker n. (体育馆等的) 有锁存物柜，寄物柜 - dustbin n. (常置于房外的) 垃圾桶，垃圾箱 - gymnastics n. 体操；体操训练 do gymnastics（练体操） take part in 动词短语 参与某事 take part in an activity（参加活动） concentrate on 动词短语 集中 (注意力)；聚精会神 concentrate on study（专注学习 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1.assignment n. 任务 → assign v. 分配；assigned adj. 指定的 2.creative adj. 创造性的 → creatively adv. 创造性地；creativity n. 创造力 3.stare v. 凝视 → staring adj. 凝视的；stare n. 凝视（同形异义） 4.pressure n. 压力 → pressured adj. 有压力的；pressurize v. 施压 5.expectation n. 期望 → expect v. 期待；expected adj. 预期的 6.comfort n./v. 安慰 → comfortable adj. 舒适的；comfortably adv. 舒适地 7.reflect v. 反思 → reflection n. 思考；reflective adj. 沉思的 8.comment n./v. 评论 → commentary n. 评注；commentate v. 解说 9.concentrate v. 集中 → concentration n. 专注；concentrated adj. 集中的 10.concern n./v. 关心 → concerned adj. 担忧的；concerning prep. 关于 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1 a writing assignment 一份写作作业 2 in some way related to summer vacation 在某种程度上与暑假有关 3 stare at a blank sheet of paper 盯着一张白纸 4 as usual 像往常一样 5 science fiction 科幻小说 6 a distant planet 一颗遥远的星球 7 hand in the story 上交故事 8 lie awake until 3 a.m. 一直醒着躺到凌晨 3 点 9 ignore the assignment 忽视作业 10 beg sb. for a chance 恳求某人给次机会 11 It turned out that…… 结果是…… 12 grade the essay 给文章打分 13 pass back your writing 发还你们的写作 14 put yourself under pressure 给自己压力 15 make sure that …… 确保…… 16 no such thing as perfect 没有所谓的完美 17 bear repeating 值得再说一遍 18 face new expectations 面对新的期望 19 find comfort in it 从中找到安慰 20 a shortage of people 人员短缺 21 put others down 让别人出洋相 22 throughout your adult life 在你的成年生活中 23 reflect on sth. 反思某事 24 make a comment on sb. 评论某人 25 a withering glance 使人难堪的目光扫视 26 be nasty to others 对别人不友好 27 a new chapter in your life 你人生的新篇章 28 hold sb. back 妨碍某人进展 29 put limitations on oneself 限制自己 30 tempt sb. to do sth 引诱某人做某事 考向1 补全句子翻译 comment assign genuine harsh reflect concentrate tempt sort concern behaviour nasty 1. I finished my ____________ just under the deadline. 我恰好在最后期限之前完成了我的指派任务. 2. The minister refused to ____________ publicly on these claims. 部长拒绝公开评论这些要求. 3. We were angry at their bad____________ 我们被他们的恶劣行为激怒了. 4. We thought it was a ____________ antique(古董), but it turned out to be a fake. 我们以为这是真古董, 结果只是一件赝品. 5. His voice was____________ and unmusical. 他的声音刺耳难听。 6. I often ____________ on my schooldays. 我经常回忆起我上学的日子 7. You should ____________ on your work. 你应该专心于你的工作. 8. He is a person with a ____________ mind. 他是个思想肮脏的人. 9. It's very kind of you to show so much____________ for us. 谢谢您对我们这么关心. 10. We need to____________ the garbage out before the truck comes. 我们需要在垃圾车来前就做好垃圾分类. 考向2 选词填空 （23-24高三上·上海曹杨二中·期末）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．challenge   B．custom    C． tasked   D．control          E. potential    F. tailored G. test        H. engage    I. lead      J. interconnected    K. cycle Learning Beyond the Classroom Field trips are a fun and exciting opportunity for students to investigate our outdoor classroom. Catamount Institute offers pre-designed or 1 field trips that encourage and inspire students to explore our region’s local natural areas. Our 2 curriculum supports classroom learning and a memory-filled experience with your class. See below for pre-designed field trip descriptions! Pricing for field trips begins at $5 an hour / per student (minimum 25 students) Teen Leadership The great outdoors is an ideal location to 3 one’s leadership and teamwork abilities. Students will 4 in a series of activities that will improve their leadership, communication and team-building skills. Get out of your comfort zone, meet new people, and have fun with us by signing up for our leadership and team development course! Season: All seasons H2 Woah Explore the water systems of the Pikes Peak Region! Learn about Colorado Springs’ unique water systems and how to 5 water quality, and learn what we can do to protect our water sources. Students will explore how our global water system and the water 6 affects and is affected by the patterns and systems of the world. Students will be 7 with the challenge of trying to find solutions to 8 and current issues, will develop an increased understanding of how humans and nature are connected, and will leave our course with the knowledge they need to help the cities of our world grow sustainably. Season: Fall, Spring, Summer Eco Heroes Tree-filled slopes, high alpine ecosystems and the interface of wildlife and urban areas are just a few of the places and topics you will get to explore over the course of this ecological conservation field trip. Explore Sondermann Park or other local areas to learn about the ways in which humans and nature are 9 . Students will discuss ways to make wildfires less serious, why erosion 10 is important, and the role that is being played by the different types of flora and fauna in our backyards. Students will use hands-on tools such as binoculars to get a closer look at their surroundings. Season: All seasons （24-25高二下·上海七宝中学·期中）Directions: In this secontion, fill the blanks using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．complex    B．demands    C． falsely    D．extensive    E. head-on    F. promising    G. topic    H. transfer    I. shape    J. accurately    K. self-fulfilling Writing as a Skill A realistic attitude about writing must build on the idea that writing is a skill, not a “natural gift”. Like any skill, it can be learned as long as you have the determination to learn, and give yourself 11 practice. People often fear that they are the only ones for whom writing is unbearably difficult. Such people typically say, “I am not any good at writing.” Often, the result of this attitude is that people try to avoid writing. It becomes a(n) 12 prediction: their writing fails chiefly because they have brainwashed themselves into believing they don’t have the “natural talent”. Many people find it difficult to do the intense, active thinking that clear writing 13 . It is frustrating to discover how much of a challenge it is to 14 thoughts and feelings from one’s hand onto the page. But writing is not an automatic process. For almost everyone, competent writing comes from plain hard work-determination, sweat, and 15 battle. Additionally, many people 16 believe that writing should flow in a straight line from the writer’s head onto the written page. But a finished paper seldom comes out in the first draft. The truth is writing is a process of discovery involving a series of steps, which are very often a zigzag journey. For example, Diane Woods had been assigned to write about an annoyance in everyday life. She did not know what specific annoyances she would choose; instead, she just began writing about them in general. One of those annoyances was traffic, which seemed 17 , so she began putting down details that came to her. One detail was the traffic she had to deal with in going to the movies. That made her think of the traffic in the parking lot at the theater 18 . At that point, it dawned on her that, instead of traffic, moviegoing itself was an annoyance. She switched direction in midstream and began writing down ideas and details about moviegoing. The point is writing is often a process of continuing discovery. You may be working on a(n) 19 sentence and realize suddenly that it could be your concluding thought. Writers frequently do not know their exact destination as they begin to write. Very often they discover the direction and 20 of a paper during the process of writing. 考点二Unit 2 Language and Culture 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 confusing adj. 难以理解的 - soil n. 国土；领土；土壤 - immediate adj. 立即的，立刻的 immediate action（立即行动） confusion n. 困惑；不确定 in confusion（困惑地） embarrassment n. 窘迫；难堪，左右为难 with embarrassment（尴尬地） pleasant adj. 令人愉快的；可喜的 a pleasant experience（愉快的经历） deliver v. 递送；传送 deliver a package（递送包裹） signal v. 发信号；示意；标志；表明 signal to sb.（向某人示意） wrist n. 手腕 - shrug v. 耸肩（表示不知道或不在乎） shrug one's shoulders（耸肩） obviously adv. 显然，明显地 - fault n. 责任；过失 at fault（有责任） fade v. 逐渐消失；逐渐消逝 fade away（逐渐消失） memory n. 回忆；记忆 in memory of（纪念） fluency n. 流利，流畅 fluency in...（在…… 方面流利） literally adv. 按字面；字面上 - context n. 上下文，语境 in context（在上下文中） linguist n. 语言学家 - within prep. 不出（某段时间）；在（某段时间）之内 within an hour（一小时内） attitude n. 看法；态度 attitude towards...（对…… 的态度） dramatically adv. 显著地；剧烈地 - appointment n. 约会；预约 make an appointment（预约） panic v. （使）惊慌，惊慌失措 panic about sth.（为某事惊慌） ironically adv. （因出乎意料）奇怪地 - set foot on 动词短语 进入，访问，参观（某地） set foot on foreign land（踏上异国土地） fry n. 炸薯条 - snail n. 蜗牛 - cheese n. 奶酪 - amazed adj. 大为惊奇的 amazed at...（对…… 感到惊奇） portion n. （食物的）一份 a portion of food（一份食物） chip n. （BrE）炸薯条 - plate n. 盘子；碟子 - packet n. 小包装纸袋，小硬纸板盒 a packet of...（一小包……） crisp n. 炸土豆片，炸薯片 - gravy n. （调味）肉汁 - salty adj. 含盐的；咸的 - sauce n. 调味汁；酱 - savoury adj. 咸味的 - snack n. 点心；小吃 snack bar（小吃店） embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的 embarrassed by...（因…… 尴尬） pants n. （BrE）内裤；短裤 /（especially NAmE）trousers 裤子 - underwear n. 内衣 - disgusted adj. 厌恶的；憎恶的；反感的 disgusted with...（对…… 厌恶） eggplant n. 茄子 - pizza n. 比萨饼；意大利饼 - likely adj. 可能的；预料的 likely to do...（可能做……） vocabulary n. 词汇，词汇量 expand vocabulary（扩大词汇量） all the way 副词短语 一路上；自始至终 all the way through（自始至终） on earth 副词短语 （加强疑问句的语气）到底，究竟 what on earth（究竟什么） gesture n. 手势；姿势；示意动作 make a gesture（做手势） differ v. 相异；有区别；不同于 differ from...（与…… 不同） mostly adv. 主要地；一般地；通常 - besides adv. 而且；再说 /prep. 除…… 之外 hug v. 拥抱；搂抱 hug sb.（拥抱某人） alternative n. 可供选择的事物 an alternative to...（…… 的替代品） differ from 动词短语 区别于；不同于 differ from each other（互相不同） 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. confusing adj. 困惑的 → confuse v. 使困惑；confusion n. 混乱 2. immediate adj. 立即的 → immediately adv. 立刻；immediacy n. 直接性 3. embarrassment n. 窘迫 → embarrass v. 使尴尬；embarrassed adj. 尴尬的 4. deliver v. 递送 → delivery n. 投递；deliverer n. 递送者 5. signal v./n. 信号 → signaling n. 发信号；signal adj. 显著的 6. fault n. 责任 → faulty adj. 有错误的；faultlessly adv. 完美地 7. context n. 语境 → contextual adj. 上下文的；contextually adv. 语境上地 8. attitude n. 态度 → attitudinal adj. 态度的（学术用词） 9. panic v./n. 惊慌 → panicked adj. 惊慌的；panicky adj. 恐慌的 10. differ v. 不同 → difference n. 差异；different adj. 不同的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1 set foot on Mexican soil 踏上墨西哥国土 2 take him at his word 相信他的话 3 deliver the ice-cream for me 把冰激凌递送给我 4 a mix of confusion and embarrassment 混杂着困惑与尴尬 5 make a rush for the nearest bus 朝着最近的公交车冲去 6 signal to the seller 向小贩示意 7 fade from one’s memory 从记忆里逐渐淡忘 8 change greatly with context 随着语境有很大的变化 9 refuse an offer 拒绝好意 10 a reflection of different cultural understandings of time 反映了不同文化对时间的理解 11 worry about being late 担心迟到 12 on time for appointment 准时赴约 13 the attitude towards time 对待时间的态度 14 travel all the way 一路旅行 15 order a portion of French fries/chips 点了一份薯条 16 a packet of crisps 一袋薯片 17 savoury snacks 咸味的点心 18 on earth 究竟 19 the excitement of learning a language 学习语言的兴奋之处 20 the difference in vocabulary 词汇量的不同 考向1 补全句子翻译 alternative gesture differ fade embarrassment deliver confusion likely signal disgusted appointment 1. You mustn't fire without my __________. 没我的信号不许开枪。 2. I'm ___________ with what she said. 我对她的话很反感. 3. He made a rude __________ with his fingers. 他用手指做了一个不礼貌的手势. 4. Allow me to clear up this __________. 请允许我澄清这种混淆. 5. It's so cloudy and cold that it's ____________to snow. 天气又阴又冷,大半要下雪. 6. She made an ___________for her son to see the doctor. 她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。 7. He's not used to making speeches in public; it's so . 他不习惯在大庭广众中演讲, 因为这太使人窘迫了. 8. When the night light gradually ___________, the world entered the dark. 当夜晚的灯光渐渐褪去, 世界就进入了黑暗. 9. A parcel weighing half a ton has just been _____________. 一个半吨重的包裹刚刚递送出去. 10. Drivers are advised to seek ______________routes. 驾车者被告知需另寻其他路线。 考向2 选词填空 （2018·上海·高考真题）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．committed        B．compared          C． contact         D．delegation E. destructive        F. weak              G. negotiate        H. respelled I. similarity          J. superiors           K. witnessed Some Very “American” Words Come from Chinese On a recent program, we told you the stories of English words borrowed from other languages. Today, we will tell you about words that English has taken from Chinese. Many of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let’s start with kowtow. kowtow The English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems 1 . It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means “knock your head.” It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one’s head as a sign of respect to 2 — such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. In 1793, Britain’s King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to 3 a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his 4 to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king. It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection. gung-ho Another borrowed word that came about through 5 between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters “gōng” and “hé” together mean “work together, cooperate.” The original term — gõngyè  hézuòshè — means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine3 Corps4 observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying “...all the soldiers 6 themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over.” He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had 7 . In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II. The men were often called the “Gung Ho Battalion.” From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan the Marine Corps. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military. typhoon In English, a typhoon is a very powerful and 8 storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called “touffons” or “tufans,” The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means “great wind.” The word’s 9 to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word — typhoon — was influenced by the Cantonese but   10 to make it appear more Greek. （24-25高三上·上海中学期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．assume  B．attained  C． correspondingly  D．demonstrations  E. severely  F. exposed G. justifications  H. packed  I. practice  J. substantial  K. vehicle Could you learn physics in foreign languages? Learning both a language and a subject like physics simultaneously might seem overwhelming, but that’s the idea behind CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning), a methodology gaining popularity since its introduction in Europe in the 1990s. One of its main 11 was efficiency: if languages could be picked up through exposure in other subject lessons, pressure on 12 timetables would be reduced. Of course, CLIL brings many challenges for teachers who are required to make 13 adjustments to the way they teach. For language teachers, there is a near-complete reversal of what they are accustomed to: while in a traditional language course, texts are constructed primarily as a 14 for the language points they want to teach, in CLIL the language emerges somewhat randomly from the subject content. Conversely, subject teachers can no longer talk about their subjects to their students and 15 they will understand everything. They will almost certainly need to adapt by relying less on language and more on 16 or experiments to convey information. There is also a good deal of fear to overcome. Subject teachers may have 17 only low levels of language skills and therefore lack confidence in teaching in a foreign language, while a language teacher’s initial reaction to the idea of teaching maths will often be one of horror! Solutions to these problems will vary according to the setting in which teachers work. Good CLIL teaching materials are increasingly available, while many schools 18 a cooperative approach, with language and subject teachers negotiating both the balance between language and content, and the ways in which their different teaching styles can be brought together in a successful lesson. Does CLIL work? Research suggests it does. Like the elite Roman children who were educated in Greek, students 19 to CLIL often achieve good results, even in mixed-ability classes. It could be that the concentration required to understand the language means that the subject information is 20 well absorbed. 考点三Unit 3 Travel词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 attraction n. 向往的地方；有吸引力的事 tourist attraction（旅游景点） decoration n. 装饰品 - relic n. 遗迹；遗物 - political adj. 政治的；政府的 - vast adj. 巨大的；辽阔的 - ruin n. 残垣断壁；废墟 in ruins（成为废墟） temple n. 庙宇，神殿 - fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的 - masterpiece n. 代表作；杰作 - sculpture n. 雕像；雕刻品 - ceiling n. 天花板；顶棚 - breathtaking adj. 激动人心的；令人赞叹的 - tear v. 挣开；拽开；撕裂；撕碎 tear...away (from)（依依不舍地离开） quality n. 质量；品质 high/low quality（高质量 / 低质量） effort n. 尽力；艰难的尝试 make an effort（作出努力） region n. 地区，区域 - pasta n. 意大利面食 - onion n. 洋葱 - bacon n. 咸猪肉；熏猪肉 - luxury n. 奢侈品 luxury goods（奢侈品） range n. 范围，区间 a range of...（一系列……） opportunity n. 机会；时机 seize an opportunity（抓住机会） sparkly adj. 闪烁的；闪耀的 - tourist attraction 名词短语 旅游景点；旅游胜地 - tear...away (from) 动词短语 依依不舍地离开；把…… 拿走 - make an effort 动词短语 作出努力 - relevant adj. 紧密相关的；切题的 (be) relevant to（与…… 相关） analyse v. 分析 analyse data（分析数据） process v./n. 处理；加工 / 过程；进程 data processing（数据处理） in the process（在过程中） overcome v. 克服；解决 overcome difficulties（克服困难） obstacle n. 障碍；阻碍 remove an obstacle（排除障碍） practical adj. 切实可行的 practical advice（实用建议） setback n. 挫折；阻碍 face a setback（面对挫折） prevent v. 阻止；阻碍 prevent sb. from doing（阻止某人做某事） rooted adj. 固定在某地的；稳固的 (be) rooted in（根深蒂固于） chart v./n. 制定计划 / 图表 chart a course（制定计划） data chart（数据图表） ahead adv. 提前；提早 ahead of time（提前） goal n. 目标；目的 achieve a goal（实现目标） teen n. (13 至 19 岁之间的) 青少年 teenager（同义替换） amount n. (尤与不可数名词连用) 数量；数额 a large amount of...（大量……） factor n. 因素；要素 key factor（关键因素） determine v. 决定；影响 determine to do（决定做某事） participate v. 参加；参与 participate in（参加） exchange n. 交流，互访；交换 cultural exchange（文化交流） finance n. 资金 finance department（财务部门） maintain v. 维持；保持；维修；保养 maintain relationships（维持关系） alongside prep. 与…… 一起；与…… 同时；在…… 旁边 alongside sb./sth.（与…… 并肩） solo adj. 独自的；单独的 solo performance（单人表演） sincerely adv. 敬启，谨上 Yours sincerely（书信结尾敬语） souvenir n. 纪念物；纪念品 buy a souvenir（买纪念品） airline n. 航空公司 international airline（国际航空公司） enquire v. 询问；打听 enquire about sth.（询问某事） luggage n. 行李 check luggage（托运行李） regulation n. 章程；规章制度；规则 follow regulations（遵守规则） charge v. 收费，要价 charge for sth.（为某物收费） therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而 - podcast n. 视频播客 listen to a podcast（听播客） witness v. 当场看到，目击（尤指罪行或事故） witness an accident（目击事故） blessed adj. 愉快安宁的；无忧无虑的 be blessed with...（有幸拥有……） to the fullest 介词短语 充分；达到最大程度 enjoy to the fullest（尽情享受） (be) relevant to 动词短语 与…… 相关的 - (be) rooted in 动词短语 固定在某地的；稳固的；根深蒂固的 - participate in 动词短语 参加；参与 - on board 介词短语 在船上（或飞机上、火车上） on board a plane（在飞机上） 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. attraction n. 吸引 → attract v. 吸引；attractive adj. 有吸引力的 2. ruin n. 废墟 → ruined adj. 毁坏的；ruinous adj. 破坏性的 3. fascinating adj. 迷人的 → fascinate v. 使着迷；fascination n. 魅力 4. masterpiece n. 杰作 → master v. 精通；masterful adj. 熟练的 5. effort n. 努力 → effortless adj. 轻松的；effortlessly adv. 轻易地 6. opportunity n. 机会 → opportunistic adj. 机会主义的（派生词较少，补充同根词） 7. overcome v. 克服 → overcome adj. 被克服的（过去分词作形容词） 8. obstacle n. 障碍 → obstruct v. 阻碍；obstruction n. 妨碍 9. goal n. 目标 → goal-oriented adj. 目标导向的（复合词） 10. participate v. 参与 → participation n. 参与；participant n. 参与者 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1 visit Rome for the first time 第一次参观罗马 2 tourist attractions 旅游胜地 3 streets lit with Christmas decorations 点亮着圣诞节装饰品的街道上 4 wonderful relics from its distant past 远古时代的绝妙遗迹 5 the largest outdoor theatre 最大的室外剧场 6 the ruins of buildings and temples 建筑物和寺庙的废墟 7 the masterpieces of the Renaissance period 文艺复兴时期的代表作 8 without doubt 毋庸置疑 9 tear my eyes away from it 移不开眼 10 good in quality 质量好 11 make an effort 做出努力 12 luxury stores 奢侈品商店 13 in my price range 在我价格承受范围之内 14 a perfect opportunity 绝佳的机会 15 a sparkly decoration 闪闪发光的装饰 16 dream of traveling 梦想去旅行 17 seem irrelevant to you 看似与你无关 18 valuable study skills 有价值的学习技巧 19 analyse the world around you 剖析你周围的世界 20 process information 处理信息 21 help you overcome obstacles 帮助你克服困难 22 prevent you from reaching your dream 阻止你实现梦想 23 stay rooted in the practical 坚持实际 24 chart a course ahead 提前制定课程 25 have some limitations 有一些限制 26 determine your experience 决定了你的经历 27 a student exchange programme 学生交流项目 28 maintain your travel dreams 保持你的旅游梦想 29 running alongside your life 与你的生活并驾齐驱 30 step on board 踏上船 考向1 补全句子翻译 vast relic witness charge souvenir setback maintain participate relevant overcome process 1. Her appearance is not __________to whether she can be a good teacher. 她的长相跟她能否当个好老师无关. 2. Food is necessary to__________life. 食物是维持生命所必需的. 3. She was a __________ of the incident. 她是事件的目击者. 4. China has a __________territory and a large population. 中国地域辽阔,人口众多 5. They__________all kinds of difficulties. 他们克服了重重困难. 6. I bought the ring as a ___________of Greece. 我买了一枚戒指，留作对希腊的纪念。 7. He may personally __________in the meeting. 他亲自参加首脑会议. 8. You can __________your mobile phone over there. 你可以在那里给你的移动电话充电. 9. They have several __________in their career. 他们在事业上受到许多挫折. 10. In summary, it is my opinion that this complete treatment __________was very successful. 总的来说，我认为整个治疗过程非常成功。 考向2 选词填空 （24-25高三上·上海·阶段练习）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．typically   B．booming   C． remain   D．attempt   E. impact   F. beneficial    G. historically   H. advocating   I. migrate   J. bridge   K. available In recent years, sustainable tourism has gained widespread approval as more travelers become aware of the environmental and social impacts of traditional tourism. Originally considered a low-value market, sustainable tourism has evolved into a   1 industry that offers particular benefits to both the environment and local communities. This form of tourism 2 aims to reduce the negative effects of travel while enhancing the social, cultural, and economic well-being of destinations. One of the primary advantages of sustainable tourism is its ability to preserve natural resources and protect fragile ecosystems. By 3 environmentally responsible practices such as reducing waste, conserving water, and minimizing carbon footprints, sustainable tourism ensures that tourist hotspots 4 attractive. This not only benefits the environment but also guarantees that these natural attractions will still be 5 for future generations to enjoy. Additionally, sustainable tourism con provide significant economic astatine to local communities. Unlike traditional large-scale tourism projects, which often force locals to 6 to other places, sustainable tourism promotes employment opportunities for local people by maximizing the use of local resources. Whether by purchasing handmade goods, or by dining in family-run restaurants, traveler help 7 the economic gap between tourists and local populations, supporting local livelihoods, However, implementing sustainable tourism practices is not without its challenges. Some destinations 8 to market themselves as eco-friendly without making genuine efforts, a practice known as “greenwashing.” This makes it essential for travelers to be aware of which businesses and destinations truly prioritize sustainability. In conclusion, sustainable tourism offers endless potential to make travel more environmentally friendly and socially 9 . By making more conscious choices, tourists can leave a positive 10 on the places they visit while enjoying unique and unforgettable experiences. （2025·上海奉贤·三模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．advocacy  B．effectively  C． endangered  D．identified  E. mirror  F. polarizing  G. promise  H. promoting  I. surfacing  J. slightly  K. income Rewriting the Relationship Between Elephant and Keeper In 2019, before Covid-19 damaged international tourism, Thailand was the eighth-most-visited country in the world, its 39.8 million international visitors generating 20% of the country’s GDP. Elephants are Thailand’s biggest attraction: The World Animal Protection Agency estimates that, before the pandemic, elephant tourism brought in a(n) 11 of $581-770 million USD every year. The boom of elephant tourism has been accompanied by criticism, with reports 12 of animal abuse and a lack of government regulation. Since the 2000s, 13 for better elephant welfare has been raised by animal rights groups such as Lek Chailert of Elephant Nature Park. In response to the criticism, the Thai government passed its first animal welfare act in 2014, and 14 ceased the illegal capture of wild elephants. Tourism companies stopped 15 elephant rides and shows. Instead, they began to advertise “ethical” elephant experiences and 16 “no hook, no chain, no riding.” The debate around elephant tourism is deeply 17 , setting elephant welfare against Thai tradition. Thai laws 18 this duality (双重性), governing its wild and captive (圈养的) elephants as if they were entirely different creatures. Wild elephants are treated as a(n) 19 species and have lived in Thailand’s national parks protected by strict conservation laws since 1921. Its captive elephants, on the other hand, are working animals, governed by the department in charge of livestock. Even though Thailand has more captive elephants than anywhere else in Asia, today, the country’s 3,837 captive elephants only 20 outnumber the wild ones, caught as they are between a fading tradition and a booming industry. Ensuring elephant welfare isn’t as simple as setting all of them free. 考点四Unit 4 Customs and Traditions词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 worldwide adv. 在全世界；在世界各地 - adulthood n. 成年 reach/adulthood（达到成年） childishness n. 孩子气；稚嫩 - responsibility n. 职责；义务 shoulder/bear responsibility（承担责任） take on responsibility（接受责任） ceremony n. 典礼；仪式 hold a ceremony（举行仪式） youth n. （统称）青年，年轻人；青年时期 in one's youth（在青年时期） coming-of-age n. 成年；成人年龄 coming-of-age ceremony（成人礼） occasion n. 特别的事情（或仪式、庆典） on this/that occasion（在这 / 那个场合） topic n. 话题；标题 a hot/key topic（热门 / 关键话题） citizen n. 公民 a law-abiding citizen（守法公民） multiculturalism n. 多元文化主义 - civic adj. 市民的；城镇居民的 civic duty（公民义务） respect n./v. 尊重；重视 show respect for...（对… 表示尊重） respect sb.'s opinion（尊重某人观点） duty n. 责任；义务 fulfill one's duty（履行职责） event n. 公开活动；社交场合；重要事情 a major/significant event（重大事件） tradition n. 传统，传统信仰（或风俗） follow/keep up a tradition（遵循传统） entry n. 进入（行动）；加入（权利、机会） entry into...（进入…） womanhood n. 成年女子的状态 reach womanhood（步入成年女性阶段） marriage n. 婚姻；结婚 a happy/arranged marriage（幸福 / 包办婚姻） sewing n. 缝纫 sewing machine（缝纫机） household adj./n. 家庭的；家用的 / 家庭 household chores（家务） a household of five（五口之家） upcoming adj. 即将发生（或来临）的 an upcoming event（即将到来的活动） male n./adj. 男性；雄性 / 男性的 male/female gender（男性 / 女性） individual adj./n. 一个人的；个人 individual rights（个人权利） sacred adj. 神圣的 a sacred place/ritual（神圣的地方 / 仪式） thread n. （棉、毛、丝等的）线 a piece of thread（一根线） perform v. 履行；执行 perform a task/duty（执行任务 / 职责） strand n. （线、绳、毛发等的）股，缕 a strand of hair（一缕头发） represent v. 作为…… 的象征；代表 represent a country/idea（代表国家 / 理念） intellectual adj. 智力的；理智的 intellectual ability/property（智力 / 知识产权） vary v. （根据情况）变化，改变 vary from...to...（从… 到… 变化） significantly adv. 有重大意义地；显著地 significantly improve/increase（显著改善 / 增加） specific adj. 特有的；明确的；具体的 specific details/requirements（具体细节 / 要求） ritual n. 仪式；程序；礼节 religious/traditional rituals（宗教 / 传统仪式） symbolise v. 是…… 的象征；代表 symbolise peace/freedom（象征和平 / 自由） transition n. 过渡；转变 transition from...to...（从… 过渡到…） childhood n. 童年；孩童时期 in childhood（在童年时期） refer v. 描述；与…… 相关；提到 refer to...as...（把… 称作…） refer to a dictionary（查字典） graduate v. 获得学位；大学毕业 graduate from...（从… 毕业） campus n. （大学、学院的）校园 on campus（在校园里） reminisce v. 回忆，追忆 reminisce about...（回忆…） current adj. 当前的；现在的 current affairs/situation（时事 / 现状） alumni n. （统称）校友，毕业生 alumni association（校友会） themed adj. 特定主题的 a themed party/event（主题派对 / 活动） rent v. （短期）租用，租借 rent a house/car（租房子 / 车） senior n. 高年级学生 a senior in high school/college（高中 / 大学高年级学生） pajamas n. （一套）睡衣裤 a pair of pajamas（一套睡衣） election n. 选举，推选 hold an election（举行选举） accompany v. 伴随；陪同 accompany sb. to...（陪同某人到…） court n. 王宫；宫殿；法院 royal court（宫廷） court of law（法院） prince n. 王子；亲王 the prince of Wales（威尔士亲王） princess n. 王室女成员；公主 a Disney princess（迪士尼公主） select v. 选择；挑选 select from...（从… 中挑选） elect v. 选举，推选 elect sb. as...（选举某人为…） involve v. （使）参加；牵涉 be involved in...（参与…；与… 有关联） stage v./n. 上演 / 阶段，状态 stage a play（上演戏剧） at this stage（在这个阶段） parade n. 游行 hold a parade（举行游行） march v. 齐步走；行进 march forward（向前行进） band n. 乐队 a rock/jazz band（摇滚 / 爵士乐队） classic adj. 典雅的，古朴的 classic music/art（古典音乐 / 艺术） socialize v. 交往，交际 socialize with sb.（与某人社交） casual adj. 非正式的 casual clothes/meeting（休闲装 / 非正式会议） formal adj. 正式的；庄重的 formal attire/ceremony（正式着装 / 仪式） affair n. 事件；事情 a social/political affair（社交 / 政治事件） DJ n. 唱片节目主持人 a club DJ（夜店 DJ） gymnasium n. 健身房；体育馆 in the gymnasium（在体育馆里） cafeteria n. 自助餐厅，自助食堂 school cafeteria（学校食堂） entire adj. 全部的；完全的 the entire world/team（整个世界 / 团队） partner n. 搭档；同伴 a business/dancing partner（商业伙伴 / 舞伴） bow n. 鞠躬；弯腰行礼 take/make a bow（鞠躬） remind v. 提醒；使想起 remind sb. of...（使某人想起…） remind sb. to do...（提醒某人做…） participant n. 参与者；参加者 an active participant（积极参与者） graceful adj. 优美的；优雅的 a graceful dance/movement（优雅的舞蹈 / 动作） nation n. 国家；民族 a sovereign nation（主权国家） wreath n. 花环 a Christmas wreath（圣诞花环） symbol n. 象征 a symbol of peace/unity（和平 / 团结的象征） Jew n. 犹太人 Jewish culture（犹太文化） stationery n. 文具 stationery store（文具店） item n. 一件物品；项目 an item of clothing/luggage（一件衣物 / 行李） indicate v. 象征；暗示 indicate sth. to sb.（向某人暗示某事） dress up 动词短语 穿上盛装；穿上正装 dress up for a party（为派对盛装打扮） stand for 动词短语 象征；是…… 意思 What does "UN" stand for?（“UN” 代表什么？） leave... behind 动词短语 脱离（某状态）；离开 leave the past behind（放下过去） shoulder responsibilities 动词短语 对某事承担责任 shoulder family/social responsibilities（承担家庭 / 社会责任） on the rise 介词短语 在上涨，在上升 Crime rate is on the rise.（犯罪率在上升。） a sense of 介词短语 …… 感，…… 意识 a sense of humor/responsibility（幽默感 / 责任感） take on 动词短语 接受；承担（责任） take on a new challenge/role（接受新挑战 / 角色） give … away 动词短语 （在婚礼上）将新娘交给新郎 The father gives his daughter away.（父亲将女儿交给新郎。） homecoming n. 校友返校活动 homecoming game/dance（返校节比赛 / 舞会） centre around 动词短语 围绕 The story centres around a family.（故事围绕一个家庭展开。） show up 动词短语 如约赶到；出现 Show up on time.（准时到场。） (be) involved in 动词短语 参与……；与…… 有关联 She is involved in charity work.（她参与慈善工作。） 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. responsibility n. 责任 → responsible adj. 负责的；irresponsible adj. 不负责任的 2. ceremony n. 典礼 → ceremonial adj. 仪式的；ceremoniously adv. 隆重地 3. youth n. 青年 → young adj. 年轻的；youthful adj. 青春的 4. citizen n. 公民 → citizenship n. 公民身份；citizenry n. 公民（总称） 5. respect n./v. 尊重 → respectful adj. 恭敬的；disrespect n./v. 无礼 6. duty n. 义务 → dutiful adj. 尽职的；dutifully adv. 忠实地 7. tradition n. 传统 → traditional adj. 传统的；traditionally adv. 传统上 8. perform v. 执行 → performance n. 表现；performer n. 表演者 9. represent v. 代表 → representation n. 代表；representative adj. 典型的 10. involve v. 牵涉 → involvement n. 参与；involved adj. 复杂的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1 leave childishness behind 脱离稚嫩 2 shoulder grown-up responsibilities 肩负起成人的责任 3 include multiculturalism and general responsibilities 包括多元文化主义和一般责任 4 on the rise 在上升 5 have respect for other people 尊重他人 6 have a sense of duty 有责任感 7 take on these values 接受这些价值观 8 be treated differently from other coming-of-age events 和其他成人仪式不同 9 mark a girl’s entry into womanhood 标志着女孩成年 10 other general household skills 其他一般的家务技能 11 get prepared for their upcoming marriage 为她们将来的婚姻做准备 12 perform the sacred thread ceremony 进行圣线仪式 13 represent three promises 代表三个承诺 14 vary significantly from culture to culture 在各个文化中大相径庭 15 have specific rituals 有独特的礼节 16 symbolise one’s transition from childhood to adulthood 代表一个人从童年转变为成年 17 refer to a tradition at many university 指的是许多大学的传统 18 reminisce about the school days 回忆校园时光 19 centre around homecoming 围绕着校友返校活动 20 show up 如约赶到 21 rent a senior 租借一个高年级学生 22 wear your pajamas to school 把睡衣穿去学校 23 hold elections for Homecoming King 选举返校日国王 24 be selected from among the upper-level students 从高年级学生中选出 25 be involved in school activities 参加学习活动 26 stage a homecoming parade 上演返校日游行 27 take place on the Friday night 发生在周五晚 28 no matter what grade they are in 无论他们是哪个年级 29 make it a semi-formal affair 使其成为半正式的事件 30 in the gymnasium or cafeteria 在体育馆或在自助食堂 考向1 补全句子翻译 occasion respect individual perform represent intellectual specific symbolize refer senior accompany 1. His achievements earned him ________ and admiration. 他的成就为他赢得别人的尊敬和赞美. 2. You should always __________what you promise. 你应永远履行你的诺言. 3. Don't ________to the matter again. 不要再提这件事了. 4. Shall I ___________you to the hospital? 我陪您去医院 吗 ? 5. She was picked out from the whole class to _________ them at the other school. 从全班中选出她来作为去另一学校的代表. 6. The ________ people often take no interest in fashion. 年长的人通常对时尚不感兴趣. 7. What does the Statue of Liberty __________? 自由女神象征着什么? 8. Chess is a highly __________ game. 象棋是需用高度智力的运动项目. 9. His behaviour was not in keeping with the solemn(庄严的) _________ 他的举止与这庄严的场合不协调. 10. We should make a concrete analysis of each __________ question. 对于每个具体问题要进行具体分析. 考向2 选词填空 （24-25高三上·上海松江·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．ancient    B．decorate    C． mark    D．passage E. rituals    F. slightly    G. specific    H. stages I. symbols    J. traditionally    K. various Celebrating Growth Celebrating another trip around the sun for loved ones is a timeless tradition, but how people celebrate it varies. From enjoying long noodles in China to singing around a cake and candles in America, there are 1 ways to celebrate growth worldwide. An important tradition in Mexican culture is Quinceanera, generally celebrated on a girl’s fifteenth birthday. The celebration is meant to 2 a big step forward in a young girl’s life and is completed with a shining dress and a huge cake. Its similarity to a wedding ceremony is a wish for the girl’s successful 3 into adulthood. In Japan, birthdays aren’t celebrated as often as they are in other countries. Similar to the Chinese, the Japanese 4 . celebrate a person’s turning a year older on New Year’s Day. Similar to birthdays in the Western world, get-togethers might be held. Rather than an official party, young children participate in the 7-5-3 celebration. Children in 5 times often died young, so later when a boy reaches the age of five and a girl three and seven, he or she puts on the finest clothes and gives thanks to gods for health. Africa is made up of many countries or regions, each with its 6 birthday traditions. In one tribe (部落) in Kenya, boys must participate in three traditional 7 which begin at about ages fourteen to sixteen, along with other boys of similar age. To celebrate their graduation to manhood, the tribe usually 8 classic activities such as the Jumping Dance. And in Egypt, family and friends are invited to a party that includes singing and dancing. Flowers and fruit are commonly used to 9 the party. They are gifts from nature and can be seen as 10 of life and growth. Egyptians also have a birthday cake but they do not send birthday cards like people do in America. （23-24高三上·上海·阶段练习）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper words chosen from the box. Each word com only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．deal    B．symbolizing    C． count    D．themes    E. involve    F. observe    G. fortune     H. parade I. varied    J. tower    K. renewed Get ready to say good-bye to the old, hello to the new! What’s the occasion? The coming of the New Year. Many Western cultures measure their days with the solar calendar. Therefore, they 11 the coming of New Year on January 1. Cultures in Asia and Middle East use other calendars, such as the more ancient lunar calendar. They celebrate the New Year at other times. Events and ceremonies vary from country to country. But in each places, New Year celebrations are a big 12 Most world cultures have been celebrating the New Year for centuries. The earliest New Year celebrations took place during spring or harvest time. With better weather ahead, or plenty of food to eat in winter, people naturally felt like having a party! As the days became longer and as nature 13 itself, people also felt like they could have a new start. Past disappointments could be forgotten. The New Year could bring better 14 , more opportunities and new challenges. Such universal themes remain the same today. Some cultures have unusual New Year traditions. Italians throw old things out of their windows at midnight, 15 the departure of the old. Mexicans fire guns into the air to keep away misfortunes. New Year celebrations also 16 having fun. Some cultures view the New Year as an opportunity to let off fireworks. In New York City’s Times Square, thousands gather on December 31 to 17 down the last seconds of the year. A giant silver ball is lowered at the stroke of midnight. London, England, hosts an annual New Year’s Day 18 that draws nearly a million spectators. The largest parade in Europe, it features bands and enormous balloons. These ballons are so huge that they 19 over nearby buildings! How will you celebrate the New Year? Think about the 20 you find meaningful during this season. Do you hope for a new start or a chance to turn over a new leaf? Whatever the case, we wish you well. Happy New Year! 5 / 38 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第01讲 沪外版必修一词汇 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4 考点一 Unit 1 School Life 4 知识点1 读单词、识词义 4 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 6 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 7 考向1 补全句子翻译 7 考向2 单元话题选词填空 8 考点二 Unit 2 Language and Culture 13 知识点1 读单词、识词义 13 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 14 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 15 考向1 补全句子翻译 16 考向2 单元话题选词填空 18 考点三 Unit 3 Travel 21 知识点1 读单词、识词义 21 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 21 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 23 考向1 补全句子翻译 24 考向2 单元话题选词填空 26 考点四 Unit 4 Customs and Traditions 30 知识点1 读单词、识词义 31 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 31 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 32 考向1 补全句子翻译 32 考向2 单元话题选词填空 35 考点要求 考题统计 考情分析 教材词汇 课标词汇 近几年出现超纲词（含熟词生义；派生词；转化词） perception strategic methodology eradicate alleviate mitigate 一：新高考词汇难度增大。高频词深度化考查成为绝对主流；检测学生对核心词在语篇语境下的词汇深层理解和运用能力，要求建立以核心词为主的语义网络。 二：学术词汇（AWL）考查量激增与语境化。学术词汇表（Academic Word List）在最近试卷中出现频率增长较多，且呈现：生物领域：culture=细胞培养（非文化） 经济文本：fluctuation=市场波动。检测"中国文化→英语思维→国际表达"的转换能力，要求考生建立概念对等而非字面对应的认知模式。在备考中，应当注重掌握课标，扩充课外阅读量。 1. 稳中有升增加对熟词生义的考查。 2. 适度考查一些学生不常接触的高考词汇。 3. 加大了对构词法的考查力度。 4. 全面考查词汇在语境中灵活运用的能力，如情境意识、同义转换和概要思维能力。 复习目标：以新课标词汇为依据，上外、上教版新教材单词表为蓝本，以近年新高考真题为导向，在一轮词汇复习中夯实词汇基础，并反复积累，运用构词法扩大词汇量并在大量的语篇阅读中迁移词汇运用能力，大胆猜测熟词的生义并积累地道的搭配和习惯用语。 考点一Unit1 School Life 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 assignment n. (分派的) 任务 complete an assignment；hand in an assignment related adj. 相关的；有联系的 be related to...（例：The study is related to environmental issues.） creative adj. 创造 (性) 的；创作的 creative thinking；creative work stare v. 盯着看；凝视 stare at sb./sth.（例：Don’t stare at others—it’s rude.） blank adj. 空白的 a blank page；blank expression sheet n. 一张 a sheet of paper；bed sheets essay n. 文章，短文 - actually adv. 事实上，的确 - fiction n. 小说 science fiction（科幻小说 / 影片） distant adj. 遥远的；久远的 - alien n. 外星人；外星生物 - ignore v. 忽视；对…… 不予理会 - beg v. 恳求；哀求 - sort n. 种类；类别 - rather adv. 相当，在某种程度上 rather than（而不是） harsh adj. 残酷的；严厉的 - (be) related to 动词短语 相关的；有联系的 - make sure 动词短语 确保；设法保证 make sure to do sth.（例：Make sure to lock the door.） science fiction 名词短语 科幻小说 (或影片等) - hand in 动词短语 提交，上交 (尤指书面材料或失物) hand in homework（交作业） turn out 动词短语 结果是；证明是；原来是 turn out to be...（例：The plan turned out to be successful.） teenager n. (13 至 19 岁之间的) 青少年 - pressure n./v. 心理压力；紧张 / 逼迫 under pressure（承受压力）；pressure sb. to do sth.（逼迫某人做某事） expectation n. 希望；盼望 meet sb.’s expectations（达到某人期望） comfort n./v. 安慰；慰藉 / 安慰 take comfort in...（从…… 中获得安慰） throughout prep. 自始至终 throughout the day（一整天） adult adj./n. 成年人的 / 成年人 - reflect v. 认真思考；深思 reflect on...（反思……） nasty adj. 不友好的；令人不愉快的 - comment n. 议论；评论 make a comment（发表评论） glance n. 匆匆一看；一瞥 take a glance at...（瞥一眼……） behaviour n. 行为；举止 good/bad behaviour（良好 / 不良行为） shortage n. 不足；缺少 a shortage of...（…… 的短缺） genuine adj. 真诚的；真心的；可依赖的 - tempt v. 引诱；诱惑 tempt sb. to do sth.（引诱某人做某事） forward adv. 向前 move forward（前进） chapter n. (人生或历史的) 时期，篇章 - limitation n. 限制；不足之处 have limitations（有局限性） under pressure 介词短语 承受着 (急于完成某事的) 压力 - hold back 动词短语 妨碍进展 hold back development（阻碍发展） tip n. 指点；实用的提示 give a tip（给出建议） regular adj. 有规律的；定时的 regular exercise（规律锻炼） concentrate v. 集中 (注意力)；聚精会神 concentrate on...（专注于……） concern n. (对人、组织等) 重要的事情；关心 show concern for...（对…… 表示关心） facility n. 设施；设备 public facilities（公共设施） puzzled adj. 困惑的，迷惑不解的 look puzzled（看起来困惑） locker n. (体育馆等的) 有锁存物柜，寄物柜 - dustbin n. (常置于房外的) 垃圾桶，垃圾箱 - gymnastics n. 体操；体操训练 do gymnastics（练体操） take part in 动词短语 参与某事 take part in an activity（参加活动） concentrate on 动词短语 集中 (注意力)；聚精会神 concentrate on study（专注学习 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1.assignment n. 任务 → assign v. 分配；assigned adj. 指定的 2.creative adj. 创造性的 → creatively adv. 创造性地；creativity n. 创造力 3.stare v. 凝视 → staring adj. 凝视的；stare n. 凝视（同形异义） 4.pressure n. 压力 → pressured adj. 有压力的；pressurize v. 施压 5.expectation n. 期望 → expect v. 期待；expected adj. 预期的 6.comfort n./v. 安慰 → comfortable adj. 舒适的；comfortably adv. 舒适地 7.reflect v. 反思 → reflection n. 思考；reflective adj. 沉思的 8.comment n./v. 评论 → commentary n. 评注；commentate v. 解说 9.concentrate v. 集中 → concentration n. 专注；concentrated adj. 集中的 10.concern n./v. 关心 → concerned adj. 担忧的；concerning prep. 关于 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1 a writing assignment 一份写作作业 2 in some way related to summer vacation 在某种程度上与暑假有关 3 stare at a blank sheet of paper 盯着一张白纸 4 as usual 像往常一样 5 science fiction 科幻小说 6 a distant planet 一颗遥远的星球 7 hand in the story 上交故事 8 lie awake until 3 a.m. 一直醒着躺到凌晨 3 点 9 ignore the assignment 忽视作业 10 beg sb. for a chance 恳求某人给次机会 11 It turned out that…… 结果是…… 12 grade the essay 给文章打分 13 pass back your writing 发还你们的写作 14 put yourself under pressure 给自己压力 15 make sure that …… 确保…… 16 no such thing as perfect 没有所谓的完美 17 bear repeating 值得再说一遍 18 face new expectations 面对新的期望 19 find comfort in it 从中找到安慰 20 a shortage of people 人员短缺 21 put others down 让别人出洋相 22 throughout your adult life 在你的成年生活中 23 reflect on sth. 反思某事 24 make a comment on sb. 评论某人 25 a withering glance 使人难堪的目光扫视 26 be nasty to others 对别人不友好 27 a new chapter in your life 你人生的新篇章 28 hold sb. back 妨碍某人进展 29 put limitations on oneself 限制自己 30 tempt sb. to do sth 引诱某人做某事 考向1 补全句子翻译 comment assign genuine harsh reflect concentrate tempt sort concern behaviour nasty 1. I finished my ____________ just under the deadline. 我恰好在最后期限之前完成了我的指派任务. 2. The minister refused to ____________ publicly on these claims. 部长拒绝公开评论这些要求. 3. We were angry at their bad ____________ . 我们被他们的恶劣行为激怒了. 4. We thought it was a ____________ antique(古董), but it turned out to be a fake. 我们以为这是真古董, 结果只是一件赝品. 5. His voice was ____________ and unmusical. 他的声音刺耳难听。 6. I often ____________ on my schooldays. 我经常回忆起我上学的日子 7. You should ____________ on your work. 你应该专心于你的工作. 8. He is a person with a ____________ mind. 他是个思想肮脏的人. 9. It's very kind of you to show so much ____________ for us. 谢谢您对我们这么关心. 10. We need to ____________ the garbage out before the truck comes. 我们需要在垃圾车来前就做好垃圾分类. 【答案】 1.assignment 2.comment 3.behaviour 4.genuine 5.harsh 6.reflect 7.concentrate 8. nasty 9. concern 10.sort 考向2 选词填空 （23-24高三上·上海曹杨二中·期末）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．challenge   B．custom    C． tasked   D．control          E. potential    F. tailored G. test        H. engage    I. lead      J. interconnected    K. cycle Learning Beyond the Classroom Field trips are a fun and exciting opportunity for students to investigate our outdoor classroom. Catamount Institute offers pre-designed or 1 field trips that encourage and inspire students to explore our region’s local natural areas. Our 2 curriculum supports classroom learning and a memory-filled experience with your class. See below for pre-designed field trip descriptions! Pricing for field trips begins at $5 an hour / per student (minimum 25 students) Teen Leadership The great outdoors is an ideal location to 3 one’s leadership and teamwork abilities. Students will 4 in a series of activities that will improve their leadership, communication and team-building skills. Get out of your comfort zone, meet new people, and have fun with us by signing up for our leadership and team development course! Season: All seasons H2 Woah Explore the water systems of the Pikes Peak Region! Learn about Colorado Springs’ unique water systems and how to 5 water quality, and learn what we can do to protect our water sources. Students will explore how our global water system and the water 6 affects and is affected by the patterns and systems of the world. Students will be 7 with the challenge of trying to find solutions to 8 and current issues, will develop an increased understanding of how humans and nature are connected, and will leave our course with the knowledge they need to help the cities of our world grow sustainably. Season: Fall, Spring, Summer Eco Heroes Tree-filled slopes, high alpine ecosystems and the interface of wildlife and urban areas are just a few of the places and topics you will get to explore over the course of this ecological conservation field trip. Explore Sondermann Park or other local areas to learn about the ways in which humans and nature are 9 . Students will discuss ways to make wildfires less serious, why erosion 10 is important, and the role that is being played by the different types of flora and fauna in our backyards. Students will use hands-on tools such as binoculars to get a closer look at their surroundings. Season: All seasons 【答案】 1．F 2．B 3．A 4．H 5．G 6．K 7．C 8．E 9．J 10．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Catamount学院所提供的几种鼓励和激励学生探索当地自然区域的实地考察活动。 1．考查形容词。句意：Catamount学院提供预先设计或量身定制的实地考察，鼓励和激励学生探索我们地区的当地自然区域。结合句意及空前的pre-designed or及空后的field trips可知应填形容词形式，作定语，与pre-designed并列，tailored“按需定制的”为形容词，符合语境。故选F项。 2．考查形容词。句意：我们定制的课程支持课堂学习和充满记忆的课堂体验。结合句意及空后的curriculum可知应填形容词，作定语，修饰curriculum，custom“定做的，量身设计的”为形容词，符合句意。故选B项。 3．考查动词。句意：大型的户外活动是挑战个人领导能力和团队合作能力的理想场所。结合句意及空前的to及空后的one’s leadership and teamwork abilities可知应填动词原形，challenge“挑战”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。 4．考查动词。句意：学生将参与一系列的活动，以提高他们的领导能力、沟通能力和团队建设技能。由空前的will及空后的in a series of activities可知应填动词原形， engage“参加；从事”为动词，engage in意为“参加”，固定搭配，符合句意。故选H项。 5．考查动词。句意：了解科罗拉多斯普林斯独特的水系统以及如何测试水质，并了解我们可以做些什么来保护我们的水源。由空前的how to以及空后的water quality可知应填动词原形，test“测试”为动词，符合句意。故选G项。 6．考查名词。句意：学生将探索我们的全球水系统和水循环如何影响世界的模式和系统，以及如何被世界的模式和系统影响。结合句意及空前的our global water system and可知应填名词，作主语，与water system并列，cycle“循环”为名词，water cycle意为“水循环”，符合句意。故选K项。 7．考查过去分词。句意：学生将面临挑战，试图找到潜在和当前问题的解决方案，将对人类与自然的联系有更深的理解，并将在课程结束时获得帮助世界城市可持续发展所需的知识。由空前的Students will be 及空后的with the challenge可知空处应填过去分词形式，task“给……委派任务；考验”为动词，其过去分词为tasked，be tasked with意为“给……分配任务；被委派任务”，符合语境。故选C项。 8．考查形容词。句意：学生将面临挑战，试图找到潜在和当前问题的解决方案，将对人类与自然的联系有更深的理解，并将在课程结束时获得帮助世界城市可持续发展所需的知识。由空前的find solutions to及空后的 and current issues可知此处应填形容词，作定语修饰issues，与current并列，potential“潜在的”为形容词，potential and current issues意为“潜在的问题和目前的问题”，符合语境。故选E项。 9．考查过去分词。句意：探索Sondermann Park或其他当地地区，了解人类与自然相互联系的方式。结合句意及空前的are可知应填过去分词，interconnect“使互相联系”为动词，其过去分词为interconnected，符合句意。故选J项。 10．考查名词。句意：学生们将讨论如何使野火不那么严重，为什么侵蚀防护是重要的，以及我们后院不同种类的动植物所扮演的角色。结合句意及空前的erosion以及空后的is important可知应填名词，作主语，control“控制”为名词，erosion control意为“侵蚀防护”，符合句意。故选D项。 （24-25高二下·上海七宝中学·期中）Directions: In this secontion, fill the blanks using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．complex    B．demands    C． falsely    D．extensive    E. head-on    F. promising    G. topic    H. transfer    I. shape    J. accurately    K. self-fulfilling Writing as a Skill A realistic attitude about writing must build on the idea that writing is a skill, not a “natural gift”. Like any skill, it can be learned as long as you have the determination to learn, and give yourself 11 practice. People often fear that they are the only ones for whom writing is unbearably difficult. Such people typically say, “I am not any good at writing.” Often, the result of this attitude is that people try to avoid writing. It becomes a(n) 12 prediction: their writing fails chiefly because they have brainwashed themselves into believing they don’t have the “natural talent”. Many people find it difficult to do the intense, active thinking that clear writing 13 . It is frustrating to discover how much of a challenge it is to 14 thoughts and feelings from one’s hand onto the page. But writing is not an automatic process. For almost everyone, competent writing comes from plain hard work-determination, sweat, and 15 battle. Additionally, many people 16 believe that writing should flow in a straight line from the writer’s head onto the written page. But a finished paper seldom comes out in the first draft. The truth is writing is a process of discovery involving a series of steps, which are very often a zigzag journey. For example, Diane Woods had been assigned to write about an annoyance in everyday life. She did not know what specific annoyances she would choose; instead, she just began writing about them in general. One of those annoyances was traffic, which seemed 17 , so she began putting down details that came to her. One detail was the traffic she had to deal with in going to the movies. That made her think of the traffic in the parking lot at the theater 18 . At that point, it dawned on her that, instead of traffic, moviegoing itself was an annoyance. She switched direction in midstream and began writing down ideas and details about moviegoing. The point is writing is often a process of continuing discovery. You may be working on a(n) 19 sentence and realize suddenly that it could be your concluding thought. Writers frequently do not know their exact destination as they begin to write. Very often they discover the direction and 20 of a paper during the process of writing. 【答案】 11．D 12．K 13．B 14．H 15．E 16．C 17．F 18．A 19．G 20．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了写作是一种可以通过学习获得的技能，而非天赋。 11．考查形容词。句意：如同任何技能一样，只要你有决心去学习，并给自己大量的练习，写作技能是可以学会的。空处修饰名词practice ，需用形容词作定语，表示“大量的”应用形容词extensive。故选D。 12．考查形容词。句意：这变成了一种自我实现的预言：他们的写作失败主要是因为他们给自己洗脑，让自己相信自己没有“天赋”。空处修饰名词prediction，需用形容词作定语，表示“自我实现的”应用形容词self-fulfilling。故选K。 13．考查动词时态。句意：许多人发现，要进行清晰写作所要求的那种深入、积极的思考是很困难的。空处作谓语，表示“要求”应用demand，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为clear writing，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 14．考查非谓语动词。句意：发现把思想和情感从脑海中转移到纸上是多么具有挑战性，这是令人沮丧的。it是形式主语，to是动词不定式符号，故此处用动词原形，表示“转移”应用动词transfer。故选H。 15．考查形容词。句意：对几乎所有人来说，出色的写作来自于纯粹的努力工作——决心、汗水和正面的努力。修饰名词battle，需用形容词作定语，表示“正面交锋的”应用形容词head-on。故选E。 16．考查副词。句意：此外，许多人错误地认为写作应该从作者的脑海中直接流畅地写到纸上。修饰动词believe需用副词作状语，表示“错误地”应用副词falsely。故选C。 17．考查形容词。句意：其中一个烦恼是交通问题，这似乎很有潜力，所以她开始写下想到的细节。空处作表语，需用形容词，表示“有希望的”应用promising。故选F。 18．考查形容词。句意：这让她想到了电影院停车场复杂的交通情况。空处作表语，需用形容词，表示“复杂的”应用形容词complex。故选A。 19．考查名词。句意：你可能正在写一个主题句，突然意识到它可能是你的总结性想法。空处修饰名词sentence，需用名词作定语，表示“主题”应用名词topic。故选G。 20．考查名词。句意：他们常常在写作过程中发现一篇文章的方向和形式。空处和direction并列，作宾语，需用名词，表示“形状”应用名词shape。故选I。 考点二Unit 2 Language and Culture 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 confusing adj. 难以理解的 - soil n. 国土；领土；土壤 - immediate adj. 立即的，立刻的 immediate action（立即行动） confusion n. 困惑；不确定 in confusion（困惑地） embarrassment n. 窘迫；难堪，左右为难 with embarrassment（尴尬地） pleasant adj. 令人愉快的；可喜的 a pleasant experience（愉快的经历） deliver v. 递送；传送 deliver a package（递送包裹） signal v. 发信号；示意；标志；表明 signal to sb.（向某人示意） wrist n. 手腕 - shrug v. 耸肩（表示不知道或不在乎） shrug one's shoulders（耸肩） obviously adv. 显然，明显地 - fault n. 责任；过失 at fault（有责任） fade v. 逐渐消失；逐渐消逝 fade away（逐渐消失） memory n. 回忆；记忆 in memory of（纪念） fluency n. 流利，流畅 fluency in...（在…… 方面流利） literally adv. 按字面；字面上 - context n. 上下文，语境 in context（在上下文中） linguist n. 语言学家 - within prep. 不出（某段时间）；在（某段时间）之内 within an hour（一小时内） attitude n. 看法；态度 attitude towards...（对…… 的态度） dramatically adv. 显著地；剧烈地 - appointment n. 约会；预约 make an appointment（预约） panic v. （使）惊慌，惊慌失措 panic about sth.（为某事惊慌） ironically adv. （因出乎意料）奇怪地 - set foot on 动词短语 进入，访问，参观（某地） set foot on foreign land（踏上异国土地） fry n. 炸薯条 - snail n. 蜗牛 - cheese n. 奶酪 - amazed adj. 大为惊奇的 amazed at...（对…… 感到惊奇） portion n. （食物的）一份 a portion of food（一份食物） chip n. （BrE）炸薯条 - plate n. 盘子；碟子 - packet n. 小包装纸袋，小硬纸板盒 a packet of...（一小包……） crisp n. 炸土豆片，炸薯片 - gravy n. （调味）肉汁 - salty adj. 含盐的；咸的 - sauce n. 调味汁；酱 - savoury adj. 咸味的 - snack n. 点心；小吃 snack bar（小吃店） embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的 embarrassed by...（因…… 尴尬） pants n. （BrE）内裤；短裤 /（especially NAmE）trousers 裤子 - underwear n. 内衣 - disgusted adj. 厌恶的；憎恶的；反感的 disgusted with...（对…… 厌恶） eggplant n. 茄子 - pizza n. 比萨饼；意大利饼 - likely adj. 可能的；预料的 likely to do...（可能做……） vocabulary n. 词汇，词汇量 expand vocabulary（扩大词汇量） all the way 副词短语 一路上；自始至终 all the way through（自始至终） on earth 副词短语 （加强疑问句的语气）到底，究竟 what on earth（究竟什么） gesture n. 手势；姿势；示意动作 make a gesture（做手势） differ v. 相异；有区别；不同于 differ from...（与…… 不同） mostly adv. 主要地；一般地；通常 - besides adv. 而且；再说 /prep. 除…… 之外 hug v. 拥抱；搂抱 hug sb.（拥抱某人） alternative n. 可供选择的事物 an alternative to...（…… 的替代品） differ from 动词短语 区别于；不同于 differ from each other（互相不同） 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. confusing adj. 困惑的 → confuse v. 使困惑；confusion n. 混乱 2. immediate adj. 立即的 → immediately adv. 立刻；immediacy n. 直接性 3. embarrassment n. 窘迫 → embarrass v. 使尴尬；embarrassed adj. 尴尬的 4. deliver v. 递送 → delivery n. 投递；deliverer n. 递送者 5. signal v./n. 信号 → signaling n. 发信号；signal adj. 显著的 6. fault n. 责任 → faulty adj. 有错误的；faultlessly adv. 完美地 7. context n. 语境 → contextual adj. 上下文的；contextually adv. 语境上地 8. attitude n. 态度 → attitudinal adj. 态度的（学术用词） 9. panic v./n. 惊慌 → panicked adj. 惊慌的；panicky adj. 恐慌的 10. differ v. 不同 → difference n. 差异；different adj. 不同的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1 set foot on Mexican soil 踏上墨西哥国土 2 take him at his word 相信他的话 3 deliver the ice-cream for me 把冰激凌递送给我 4 a mix of confusion and embarrassment 混杂着困惑与尴尬 5 make a rush for the nearest bus 朝着最近的公交车冲去 6 signal to the seller 向小贩示意 7 fade from one’s memory 从记忆里逐渐淡忘 8 change greatly with context 随着语境有很大的变化 9 refuse an offer 拒绝好意 10 a reflection of different cultural understandings of time 反映了不同文化对时间的理解 11 worry about being late 担心迟到 12 on time for appointment 准时赴约 13 the attitude towards time 对待时间的态度 14 travel all the way 一路旅行 15 order a portion of French fries/chips 点了一份薯条 16 a packet of crisps 一袋薯片 17 savoury snacks 咸味的点心 18 on earth 究竟 19 the excitement of learning a language 学习语言的兴奋之处 20 the difference in vocabulary 词汇量的不同 考向1 补全句子翻译 alternative gesture differ fade embarrassment deliver confusion likely signal disgusted appointment 1. You mustn't fire without my __________. 没我的信号不许开枪。 2. I'm ___________ with what she said. 我对她的话很反感. 3. He made a rude __________ with his fingers. 他用手指做了一个不礼貌的手势. 4. Allow me to clear up this __________. 请允许我澄清这种混淆. 5. It's so cloudy and cold that it's ____________to snow. 天气又阴又冷,大半要下雪. 6. She made an ___________for her son to see the doctor. 她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。 7. He's not used to making speeches in public; it's so . 他不习惯在大庭广众中演讲, 因为这太使人窘迫了. 8. When the night light gradually ___________, the world entered the dark. 当夜晚的灯光渐渐褪去, 世界就进入了黑暗. 9. A parcel weighing half a ton has just been _____________. 一个半吨重的包裹刚刚递送出去. 10. Drivers are advised to seek ______________routes. 驾车者被告知需另寻其他路线。 【答案】 1.signal 2.disgusted 3.gesture 4.confusion 5.likely 6.appointment 7.embarrassing 8.faded 9.delivered 10.alternative 考向2 选词填空 （2018·上海·高考真题）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．committed        B．compared          C． contact         D．delegation E. destructive        F. weak              G. negotiate        H. respelled I. similarity          J. superiors           K. witnessed Some Very “American” Words Come from Chinese On a recent program, we told you the stories of English words borrowed from other languages. Today, we will tell you about words that English has taken from Chinese. Many of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let’s start with kowtow. kowtow The English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems 1 . It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means “knock your head.” It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one’s head as a sign of respect to 2 — such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. In 1793, Britain’s King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to 3 a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his 4 to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king. It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection. gung-ho Another borrowed word that came about through 5 between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters “gōng” and “hé” together mean “work together, cooperate.” The original term — gõngyè  hézuòshè — means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine3 Corps4 observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying “...all the soldiers 6 themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over.” He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had 7 . In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II. The men were often called the “Gung Ho Battalion.” From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan the Marine Corps. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military. typhoon In English, a typhoon is a very powerful and 8 storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called “touffons” or “tufans,” The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means “great wind.” The word’s 9 to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word — typhoon — was influenced by the Cantonese but   10 to make it appear more Greek. 【答案】 1．F 2．J 3．G 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．K 8．E 9．I 10．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是几个来自于中文的英语单词。 1．考查形容词。句意：英语单词kowtow是一个动词，意思是太轻易地同意别人让你做的事，或者以一种看似软弱的方式服从有权力的人。由“agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do”可知，句子表示“以一种看似软弱的方式服从有权力的人”，空格处意为“软弱的”，是weak，故选F。 2．考查名词。句意：它指的是对上级——如皇帝、长辈和领导人——跪下并低下头以示尊重的行为。由“such as emperors, elders and leaders”可知，空格处意为“上级”，是superior，要用复数，故选J。 3．考查不定式。句意：1793年，英国国王乔治三世派遣Lord George Macartney和其他贸易大使前往中国谈判一项贸易协定。由“a trade agreement”可知，句子表示“谈判一项贸易协定”，空格处意为“谈判”，是negotiate，用不定式表目的，故选G。 4．考查名词。句意：据说，Lord Macartney只让他的代表团屈膝。由上文“Britain’s King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors”可知，句子表示“Lord Macartney只让他的代表团屈膝”，空格处意为“代表团”，是delegation，此处是指一个代表团，空格处用单数，故选D。 5．考查名词。句意：另一个通过两国接触而产生的外来词是“gunung -ho”。由“between two nations”可知，句子表示“另一个通过两国接触而产生的外来词是“gunung -ho””，空格处意为“接触”，是contact，是不可数名词，故选C。 6．考查时态。句意：他被打动了，说：“……所有的士兵都致力于一个想法，并共同努力实现这个想法。”由“themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over”可知，句子表示“所有的士兵都致力于一个想法，并共同努力实现这个想法”，空格处意为“致力于”，是commit，构成短语commit oneself to，由was可知，时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故选A。 7．考查时态。句意：然后，他开始在海军陆战队中使用“gung-ho”这个词，试图创造出他所目睹的同样的精神。由上文“observed these cooperatives while he was in China”可知，句子表示“试图创造出他所目睹的同样的精神”，空格处意为“目睹”，是witness，时态是过去完成时，因此空格处用过去分词，故选K。 8．考查形容词。句意：在英语中，台风是一种非常强大的破坏性风暴，发生在中国海周围和南太平洋。由“a typhoon”可知，句子表示“台风是一种非常强大的破坏性风暴”，空格处意为“破坏性的”，是形容词destructive作定语，故选E。 9．考查名词。句意：这个词与touffon的相似只是偶然。由前面的“tai fung”和空后“to touffon”可知，句子表示“这个词与touffon的相似只是偶然”，空格处意为“相似之处”，是similarity，此处用单数，故选I。 10．考查时态。句意：“台风”一词的现代形式受到广东话的影响，但它的拼写使其看起来更像希腊语。由前面的typhoon，touffon和空后的“to make it appear more Greek”可知，此处表示这个词被重新拼写，空格处意为“重新拼写”，是respell，词是被重新拼写，因此用被动语态，空前有was，空格处用过去分词。故选H。 （24-25高三上·上海中学期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．assume  B．attained  C． correspondingly  D．demonstrations  E. severely  F. exposed G. justifications  H. packed  I. practice  J. substantial  K. vehicle Could you learn physics in foreign languages? Learning both a language and a subject like physics simultaneously might seem overwhelming, but that’s the idea behind CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning), a methodology gaining popularity since its introduction in Europe in the 1990s. One of its main 11 was efficiency: if languages could be picked up through exposure in other subject lessons, pressure on 12 timetables would be reduced. Of course, CLIL brings many challenges for teachers who are required to make 13 adjustments to the way they teach. For language teachers, there is a near-complete reversal of what they are accustomed to: while in a traditional language course, texts are constructed primarily as a 14 for the language points they want to teach, in CLIL the language emerges somewhat randomly from the subject content. Conversely, subject teachers can no longer talk about their subjects to their students and 15 they will understand everything. They will almost certainly need to adapt by relying less on language and more on 16 or experiments to convey information. There is also a good deal of fear to overcome. Subject teachers may have 17 only low levels of language skills and therefore lack confidence in teaching in a foreign language, while a language teacher’s initial reaction to the idea of teaching maths will often be one of horror! Solutions to these problems will vary according to the setting in which teachers work. Good CLIL teaching materials are increasingly available, while many schools 18 a cooperative approach, with language and subject teachers negotiating both the balance between language and content, and the ways in which their different teaching styles can be brought together in a successful lesson. Does CLIL work? Research suggests it does. Like the elite Roman children who were educated in Greek, students 19 to CLIL often achieve good results, even in mixed-ability classes. It could be that the concentration required to understand the language means that the subject information is 20 well absorbed. 【答案】 11．G 12．H 13．J 14．K 15．A 16．D 17．B 18．I 19．F 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以用外语学习物理为例，介绍了CLIL（内容与语言整合教学法）通过在其他学科课程中学习语言来提高效率，尽管给教师带来挑战，但研究表明，这种方法能帮助学生取得好成绩。 11．考查名词。句意：其主要理由之一是效率：如果可以通过接触其他学科课程来学习语言，那么紧凑的时间表上的压力就会减少。空处作of的宾语，被its main修饰，结合“was efficiency”可推知，G项justifications“正当理由，合理解释”符合题意，为可数名词复数形式，构成“one of+可数名词复数”的结构，意为“……之一”，表示“主要理由之一是效率”。故选G。 12．考查形容词。句意：其主要理由之一是效率：如果可以通过接触其他学科课程来学习语言，那么紧凑的时间表上的压力就会减少。空处作修饰timetables的定语，结合“would be reduced”可推知，H项packed“非常拥挤的”符合题意，表示“紧凑的时间表上的压力就会减少”。故选H。 13．考查形容词。句意：当然，CLIL给教师带来了许多挑战，他们需要对教学方式做出实质性的调整。空处作修饰adjustments的定语，结合下一句中“For language teachers, there is a near-complete reversal of what they are accustomed to”可推知，J项substantial“实质性的”符合题意，表示“做出实质性的调整”。故选J。 14．考查名词。句意：对于语言教师来说，他们所习惯的几乎完全相反：在传统的语言课程中，文本主要是作为他们想要教授的语言点的载体，而在CLIL中，语言从主题内容中随机出现。空处作as的宾语，空前有不定冠词a，结合“for the language points they want to teach”可推知，K项vehicle“载体”符合题意，为可数名词单数形式，表示“文本主要是作为他们想要教授的语言点的载体”。故选K。 15．考查动词。句意：相反，学科教师不能再向学生谈论他们的学科，并认为他们会理解一切。空处作谓语，时态为一般现在时，主语teachers是复数名词，结合“they will understand everything”可推知，A项assume“认为”符合题意，表示“认为他们会理解一切”。故选A。 16．考查名词。句意：他们几乎肯定需要减少对语言的依赖，更多地依靠演示或实验来传达信息。空处和experiments并列，作on的宾语，结合“to convey information”可推知，D项demonstrations“演示”符合题意，表示“更多地依靠演示或实验来传达信息”。故选D。 17．考查动词。句意：学科教师可能只有较低的语言技能水平，因此缺乏用外语教学的信心，而语言教师对教数学的最初反应往往是恐惧！空处构成谓语，空前有may have，表推测，结合“only low levels of language skills”可推知，B项attained“获得”符合题意，表示“可能只有较低的语言技能水平”。故选B。 18．考查动词。句意：好的CLIL教材越来越多，而许多学校实行合作的方法，语言和学科教师协商语言和内容之间的平衡，以及如何将他们不同的教学风格结合在一起，从而成功地上一节课。空处作谓语，时态为一般现在时，主语schools是复数名词，结合“a cooperative approach”可推知，I项practice“实行”符合题意，表示“实行合作的方法”。故选I。 19．考查非谓语动词。句意：就像用希腊语接受教育的罗马精英儿童一样，接触CLIL的学生经常取得好成绩，即使在混合能力的班级里也是如此。句子已有谓语achieve，空处是非谓语，作修饰students的后置定语，结合“to CLIL”可推知，F项exposed“接触”符合题意，短语be exposed to意为“接触到”，表示“接触CLIL的学生经常取得好成绩”。故选F。 20．考查副词。句意：这可能是因为理解语言所需的专注力意味着主题信息被相应地很好地吸收了。空处作状语，结合“the concentration required to understand the language”可推知，C项correspondingly“相应地”符合题意，表示“主题信息被相应地很好地吸收”。故选C。 考点三Unit 3 Travel词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 attraction n. 向往的地方；有吸引力的事 tourist attraction（旅游景点） decoration n. 装饰品 - relic n. 遗迹；遗物 - political adj. 政治的；政府的 - vast adj. 巨大的；辽阔的 - ruin n. 残垣断壁；废墟 in ruins（成为废墟） temple n. 庙宇，神殿 - fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的 - masterpiece n. 代表作；杰作 - sculpture n. 雕像；雕刻品 - ceiling n. 天花板；顶棚 - breathtaking adj. 激动人心的；令人赞叹的 - tear v. 挣开；拽开；撕裂；撕碎 tear...away (from)（依依不舍地离开） quality n. 质量；品质 high/low quality（高质量 / 低质量） effort n. 尽力；艰难的尝试 make an effort（作出努力） region n. 地区，区域 - pasta n. 意大利面食 - onion n. 洋葱 - bacon n. 咸猪肉；熏猪肉 - luxury n. 奢侈品 luxury goods（奢侈品） range n. 范围，区间 a range of...（一系列……） opportunity n. 机会；时机 seize an opportunity（抓住机会） sparkly adj. 闪烁的；闪耀的 - tourist attraction 名词短语 旅游景点；旅游胜地 - tear...away (from) 动词短语 依依不舍地离开；把…… 拿走 - make an effort 动词短语 作出努力 - relevant adj. 紧密相关的；切题的 (be) relevant to（与…… 相关） analyse v. 分析 analyse data（分析数据） process v./n. 处理；加工 / 过程；进程 data processing（数据处理） in the process（在过程中） overcome v. 克服；解决 overcome difficulties（克服困难） obstacle n. 障碍；阻碍 remove an obstacle（排除障碍） practical adj. 切实可行的 practical advice（实用建议） setback n. 挫折；阻碍 face a setback（面对挫折） prevent v. 阻止；阻碍 prevent sb. from doing（阻止某人做某事） rooted adj. 固定在某地的；稳固的 (be) rooted in（根深蒂固于） chart v./n. 制定计划 / 图表 chart a course（制定计划） data chart（数据图表） ahead adv. 提前；提早 ahead of time（提前） goal n. 目标；目的 achieve a goal（实现目标） teen n. (13 至 19 岁之间的) 青少年 teenager（同义替换） amount n. (尤与不可数名词连用) 数量；数额 a large amount of...（大量……） factor n. 因素；要素 key factor（关键因素） determine v. 决定；影响 determine to do（决定做某事） participate v. 参加；参与 participate in（参加） exchange n. 交流，互访；交换 cultural exchange（文化交流） finance n. 资金 finance department（财务部门） maintain v. 维持；保持；维修；保养 maintain relationships（维持关系） alongside prep. 与…… 一起；与…… 同时；在…… 旁边 alongside sb./sth.（与…… 并肩） solo adj. 独自的；单独的 solo performance（单人表演） sincerely adv. 敬启，谨上 Yours sincerely（书信结尾敬语） souvenir n. 纪念物；纪念品 buy a souvenir（买纪念品） airline n. 航空公司 international airline（国际航空公司） enquire v. 询问；打听 enquire about sth.（询问某事） luggage n. 行李 check luggage（托运行李） regulation n. 章程；规章制度；规则 follow regulations（遵守规则） charge v. 收费，要价 charge for sth.（为某物收费） therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而 - podcast n. 视频播客 listen to a podcast（听播客） witness v. 当场看到，目击（尤指罪行或事故） witness an accident（目击事故） blessed adj. 愉快安宁的；无忧无虑的 be blessed with...（有幸拥有……） to the fullest 介词短语 充分；达到最大程度 enjoy to the fullest（尽情享受） (be) relevant to 动词短语 与…… 相关的 - (be) rooted in 动词短语 固定在某地的；稳固的；根深蒂固的 - participate in 动词短语 参加；参与 - on board 介词短语 在船上（或飞机上、火车上） on board a plane（在飞机上） 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. attraction n. 吸引 → attract v. 吸引；attractive adj. 有吸引力的 2. ruin n. 废墟 → ruined adj. 毁坏的；ruinous adj. 破坏性的 3. fascinating adj. 迷人的 → fascinate v. 使着迷；fascination n. 魅力 4. masterpiece n. 杰作 → master v. 精通；masterful adj. 熟练的 5. effort n. 努力 → effortless adj. 轻松的；effortlessly adv. 轻易地 6. opportunity n. 机会 → opportunistic adj. 机会主义的（派生词较少，补充同根词） 7. overcome v. 克服 → overcome adj. 被克服的（过去分词作形容词） 8. obstacle n. 障碍 → obstruct v. 阻碍；obstruction n. 妨碍 9. goal n. 目标 → goal-oriented adj. 目标导向的（复合词） 10. participate v. 参与 → participation n. 参与；participant n. 参与者 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1 visit Rome for the first time 第一次参观罗马 2 tourist attractions 旅游胜地 3 streets lit with Christmas decorations 点亮着圣诞节装饰品的街道上 4 wonderful relics from its distant past 远古时代的绝妙遗迹 5 the largest outdoor theatre 最大的室外剧场 6 the ruins of buildings and temples 建筑物和寺庙的废墟 7 the masterpieces of the Renaissance period 文艺复兴时期的代表作 8 without doubt 毋庸置疑 9 tear my eyes away from it 移不开眼 10 good in quality 质量好 11 make an effort 做出努力 12 luxury stores 奢侈品商店 13 in my price range 在我价格承受范围之内 14 a perfect opportunity 绝佳的机会 15 a sparkly decoration 闪闪发光的装饰 16 dream of traveling 梦想去旅行 17 seem irrelevant to you 看似与你无关 18 valuable study skills 有价值的学习技巧 19 analyse the world around you 剖析你周围的世界 20 process information 处理信息 21 help you overcome obstacles 帮助你克服困难 22 prevent you from reaching your dream 阻止你实现梦想 23 stay rooted in the practical 坚持实际 24 chart a course ahead 提前制定课程 25 have some limitations 有一些限制 26 determine your experience 决定了你的经历 27 a student exchange programme 学生交流项目 28 maintain your travel dreams 保持你的旅游梦想 29 running alongside your life 与你的生活并驾齐驱 30 step on board 踏上船 考向1 补全句子翻译 vast relic witness charge souvenir setback maintain participate relevant overcome process 1. Her appearance is not __________to whether she can be a good teacher. 她的长相跟她能否当个好老师无关. 2. Food is necessary to __________life. 食物是维持生命所必需的. 3. She was a __________ of the incident. 她是事件的目击者. 4. China has a __________territory and a large population. 中国地域辽阔,人口众多 5. They __________all kinds of difficulties. 他们克服了重重困难. 6. I bought the ring as a ___________of Greece. 我买了一枚戒指，留作对希腊的纪念。 7. He may personally __________in the meeting. 他亲自参加首脑会议. 8. You can __________your mobile phone over there. 你可以在那里给你的移动电话充电. 9. They have several __________in their career. 他们在事业上受到许多挫折. 10. In summary, it is my opinion that this complete treatment __________was very successful. 总的来说，我认为整个治疗过程非常成功。 【答案】 1. relevant 2.maintain 3.witness 4.vast 5.overcame 6.souvenir 7.participate 8.charge 9.setbacks 10.process 考向2 选词填空 （24-25高三上·上海·阶段练习）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．typically   B．booming   C． remain   D．attempt   E. impact   F. beneficial    G. historically   H. advocating   I. migrate   J. bridge   K. available In recent years, sustainable tourism has gained widespread approval as more travelers become aware of the environmental and social impacts of traditional tourism. Originally considered a low-value market, sustainable tourism has evolved into a   1 industry that offers particular benefits to both the environment and local communities. This form of tourism 2 aims to reduce the negative effects of travel while enhancing the social, cultural, and economic well-being of destinations. One of the primary advantages of sustainable tourism is its ability to preserve natural resources and protect fragile ecosystems. By 3 environmentally responsible practices such as reducing waste, conserving water, and minimizing carbon footprints, sustainable tourism ensures that tourist hotspots 4 attractive. This not only benefits the environment but also guarantees that these natural attractions will still be 5 for future generations to enjoy. Additionally, sustainable tourism con provide significant economic astatine to local communities. Unlike traditional large-scale tourism projects, which often force locals to 6 to other places, sustainable tourism promotes employment opportunities for local people by maximizing the use of local resources. Whether by purchasing handmade goods, or by dining in family-run restaurants, traveler help 7 the economic gap between tourists and local populations, supporting local livelihoods, However, implementing sustainable tourism practices is not without its challenges. Some destinations 8 to market themselves as eco-friendly without making genuine efforts, a practice known as “greenwashing.” This makes it essential for travelers to be aware of which businesses and destinations truly prioritize sustainability. In conclusion, sustainable tourism offers endless potential to make travel more environmentally friendly and socially 9 . By making more conscious choices, tourists can leave a positive 10 on the places they visit while enjoying unique and unforgettable experiences. 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．H 4．C 5．K 6．I 7．J 8．D 9．F 10．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主题是：可持续旅游的发展及其对环境和社会的积极影响。 1．考查形容词。句意：最初被视为低价值市场，可持续旅游已发展成为蓬勃发展的产业，对环境和当地社区都带来了特别的好处。根据句意及空前“has evolved into a”和空后的“industry”可知，空处应用形容词表达“蓬勃发展的”，booming意为“繁荣的”，符合语境，形容词作定语，修饰名词industry。故选B。 2．考查副词。 句意：这种形式的旅游通常旨在减少旅行的负面影响，同时增强目的地的社会、文化和经济福祉。根据句意及空后的“aims to”可知，空处应用副词表达通常的行为方式，typically意为“通常”，符合语境，副词修饰动词aims。故选 A。 3．考查非谓语动词。 句意：通过倡导环保措施，如减少废物、节约用水和减少碳足迹，可持续旅游确保旅游热点仍然具有吸引力。根据句意及空前的“By”和空后的“environmentally responsible practices”可知，空处位于介词后，应用动名词形式表达倡导某些措施，advocating意为“倡导”，符合语境。故选H。 4．考查动词。 句意：通过倡导环保措施，如减少废物、节约用水和减少碳足迹，可持续旅游确保旅游热点仍然具有吸引力。空处是that引导从句的谓语动词，根据句意及空前的“ensures that tourist hotspots”和空后的“attractive”可知，空处应用动词表达保持某种状态，remain意为“保持”，符合语境，根据主句谓语动词ensures可知，句子陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用原形即可。故选C。 5．考查形容词。 句意：这不仅有益于环境，还保证这些自然景点未来仍可供后代享受。根据句意及空前的“will still be”和空后的“for future generations to enjoy”可知，空处应表达可用性，available意为“可用的，可获得的”，符合语境，形容词作表语。故选K。 6．考查动词。 句意：与传统的大型旅游项目不同，这些项目往往迫使当地人迁移到其他地方，可持续旅游通过最大化利用当地资源来促进当地人的就业机会。根据句意及空前的“force locals to”和空后的“to other places”可知，空处应用动词，表达“迁移”，migrate意为“迁移”，符合语境，force sb. to do sh“迫使某人做某事”为固定短语，故填原形形式。故选I。 7．考查动词。 句意：无论是购买手工艺品，还是在家庭经营的餐馆用餐，旅行者都帮助缩小了游客与当地人口之间的经济差距，支持了当地人的生计。根据句意及空前的“travelers help”和空后的“the economic gap between tourists and local populations”可知，空处应用动词表达“缩小”。bridge意为“‌减小差异”，符合语境，help do something是一个固定的搭配，意思是“帮助做某事”，故应填动词原形。故选J。 8．考查动词。 句意：一些目的地试图把自己宣传为环保，但实际上并未做出真正的努力，这种做法被称为“漂绿”。根据句意及空后的“to market themselves as eco-friendly”可知，空处应用动词表达“试图”，attempt意为“试图”，符合语境，句子陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语为名词复数，谓语动词用原形即可。故选D。 9．考查形容词。 句意：总之，可持续旅游提供了无限的潜力，使旅行更加环保和社会有益。根据句意及空前的“make travel more environmentally friendly and socially”可知，空处应用形容词表达“有益的”，与friendly并列作宾语补足语，beneficial意为“有益的”，符合语境。故选F。 10．考查名词。 句意：通过做出更有意识的选择，游客可以在享受独特和难忘的经历的同时，对访问的地方产生积极的影响。根据句意及空前的“leave a positive”和空后的“on the places they visit”可知，空处应用名词表达“影响”作宾语，impact意为“影响”，符合语境，根据空前a可知，应用单数形式，短语leave a positive impact on意为“对……产生积极的影响”。故选E。 （2025·上海奉贤·三模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．advocacy  B．effectively  C． endangered  D．identified  E. mirror  F. polarizing  G. promise  H. promoting  I. surfacing  J. slightly  K. income Rewriting the Relationship Between Elephant and Keeper In 2019, before Covid-19 damaged international tourism, Thailand was the eighth-most-visited country in the world, its 39.8 million international visitors generating 20% of the country’s GDP. Elephants are Thailand’s biggest attraction: The World Animal Protection Agency estimates that, before the pandemic, elephant tourism brought in a(n) 11 of $581-770 million USD every year. The boom of elephant tourism has been accompanied by criticism, with reports 12 of animal abuse and a lack of government regulation. Since the 2000s, 13 for better elephant welfare has been raised by animal rights groups such as Lek Chailert of Elephant Nature Park. In response to the criticism, the Thai government passed its first animal welfare act in 2014, and 14 ceased the illegal capture of wild elephants. Tourism companies stopped 15 elephant rides and shows. Instead, they began to advertise “ethical” elephant experiences and 16 “no hook, no chain, no riding.” The debate around elephant tourism is deeply 17 , setting elephant welfare against Thai tradition. Thai laws 18 this duality (双重性), governing its wild and captive (圈养的) elephants as if they were entirely different creatures. Wild elephants are treated as a(n) 19 species and have lived in Thailand’s national parks protected by strict conservation laws since 1921. Its captive elephants, on the other hand, are working animals, governed by the department in charge of livestock. Even though Thailand has more captive elephants than anywhere else in Asia, today, the country’s 3,837 captive elephants only 20 outnumber the wild ones, caught as they are between a fading tradition and a booming industry. Ensuring elephant welfare isn’t as simple as setting all of them free. 【答案】 11．K 12．I 13．A 14．B 15．H 16．G 17．F 18．E 19．C 20．J 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文探讨泰国大象旅游业的矛盾：经济收益与动物福利的冲突，传统驯养与现代保护的双重性，以及政府在监管中的两难。 11．考查名词。句意：大象是泰国最大的吸引力：世界动物保护机构估计，在疫情爆发前，大象旅游每年带来的收入为5.81亿至7.7亿美元。名词income“收入”符合句意，句中a(n) income of…“……的收入”作宾语。故选K。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：伴随大象旅游的繁荣而来的是批评，有虐待动物和缺乏政府监管的报道浮出水面。此处考查with复合结构，动词surface与宾语reports之间存在主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故选I。 13．考查名词。句意：自2000年代以来，大象自然公园的Lek Chailert等动物权利组织提出了改善大象福利的倡议。名词advocacy“倡议”符合句意，句中advocacy for better elephant welfare“改善大象福利的倡议”作主语。故选A。 14．考查副词。句意：作为对批评的回应，泰国政府于2014年通过了第一部动物福利法，有效地停止了非法捕获野生大象的行为。副词effectively“有效地”符合句意，修饰动词ceased。故选B。 15．考查动名词。句意：旅游公司停止宣传骑象和大象表演。动名词promoting“宣传，推广”符合句意，stopped后接动名词promoting作宾语。故选H。 16．考查动词。句意：相反，他们开始宣传“道德”的大象体验，并承诺“没有钩子，没有链条，没有骑乘”。动词promise“承诺”符合题意，与前文动词advertise并列，与前文to构成动词不定式，作宾语。故选G。 17．考查形容词。句意：围绕大象旅游的辩论两极分化严重，将大象福利与泰国传统对立起来。形容词polarizing“两极分化的”符合题意，作表语，与后文“set…against…”对应。故选F。 18．考查动词。句意：泰国的法律反映了这种二元性，把野生大象和圈养大象当作完全不同的生物来管理。mirror“反映，表现”符合题意，作谓语。故选E。 19．考查形容词。句意：野生大象被视为濒危物种，自1921年以来一直生活在泰国国家公园，受到严格的保护法律的保护。形容词endangered“濒危的”符合句意，在句中作定语修饰名词species。故选C。 20．考查副词。句意：尽管泰国的圈养大象比亚洲其他任何地方都多，但如今，该国3837头圈养大象的数量仅略高于野生大象的数量，因为它们正处于衰落的传统和蓬勃发展的产业之间。副词slightly“稍微，略有”符合句意，修饰动词outnumber。故选J。 考点四Unit 4 Customs and Traditions词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 worldwide adv. 在全世界；在世界各地 - adulthood n. 成年 reach/adulthood（达到成年） childishness n. 孩子气；稚嫩 - responsibility n. 职责；义务 shoulder/bear responsibility（承担责任） take on responsibility（接受责任） ceremony n. 典礼；仪式 hold a ceremony（举行仪式） youth n. （统称）青年，年轻人；青年时期 in one's youth（在青年时期） coming-of-age n. 成年；成人年龄 coming-of-age ceremony（成人礼） occasion n. 特别的事情（或仪式、庆典） on this/that occasion（在这 / 那个场合） topic n. 话题；标题 a hot/key topic（热门 / 关键话题） citizen n. 公民 a law-abiding citizen（守法公民） multiculturalism n. 多元文化主义 - civic adj. 市民的；城镇居民的 civic duty（公民义务） respect n./v. 尊重；重视 show respect for...（对… 表示尊重） respect sb.'s opinion（尊重某人观点） duty n. 责任；义务 fulfill one's duty（履行职责） event n. 公开活动；社交场合；重要事情 a major/significant event（重大事件） tradition n. 传统，传统信仰（或风俗） follow/keep up a tradition（遵循传统） entry n. 进入（行动）；加入（权利、机会） entry into...（进入…） womanhood n. 成年女子的状态 reach womanhood（步入成年女性阶段） marriage n. 婚姻；结婚 a happy/arranged marriage（幸福 / 包办婚姻） sewing n. 缝纫 sewing machine（缝纫机） household adj./n. 家庭的；家用的 / 家庭 household chores（家务） a household of five（五口之家） upcoming adj. 即将发生（或来临）的 an upcoming event（即将到来的活动） male n./adj. 男性；雄性 / 男性的 male/female gender（男性 / 女性） individual adj./n. 一个人的；个人 individual rights（个人权利） sacred adj. 神圣的 a sacred place/ritual（神圣的地方 / 仪式） thread n. （棉、毛、丝等的）线 a piece of thread（一根线） perform v. 履行；执行 perform a task/duty（执行任务 / 职责） strand n. （线、绳、毛发等的）股，缕 a strand of hair（一缕头发） represent v. 作为…… 的象征；代表 represent a country/idea（代表国家 / 理念） intellectual adj. 智力的；理智的 intellectual ability/property（智力 / 知识产权） vary v. （根据情况）变化，改变 vary from...to...（从… 到… 变化） significantly adv. 有重大意义地；显著地 significantly improve/increase（显著改善 / 增加） specific adj. 特有的；明确的；具体的 specific details/requirements（具体细节 / 要求） ritual n. 仪式；程序；礼节 religious/traditional rituals（宗教 / 传统仪式） symbolise v. 是…… 的象征；代表 symbolise peace/freedom（象征和平 / 自由） transition n. 过渡；转变 transition from...to...（从… 过渡到…） childhood n. 童年；孩童时期 in childhood（在童年时期） refer v. 描述；与…… 相关；提到 refer to...as...（把… 称作…） refer to a dictionary（查字典） graduate v. 获得学位；大学毕业 graduate from...（从… 毕业） campus n. （大学、学院的）校园 on campus（在校园里） reminisce v. 回忆，追忆 reminisce about...（回忆…） current adj. 当前的；现在的 current affairs/situation（时事 / 现状） alumni n. （统称）校友，毕业生 alumni association（校友会） themed adj. 特定主题的 a themed party/event（主题派对 / 活动） rent v. （短期）租用，租借 rent a house/car（租房子 / 车） senior n. 高年级学生 a senior in high school/college（高中 / 大学高年级学生） pajamas n. （一套）睡衣裤 a pair of pajamas（一套睡衣） election n. 选举，推选 hold an election（举行选举） accompany v. 伴随；陪同 accompany sb. to...（陪同某人到…） court n. 王宫；宫殿；法院 royal court（宫廷） court of law（法院） prince n. 王子；亲王 the prince of Wales（威尔士亲王） princess n. 王室女成员；公主 a Disney princess（迪士尼公主） select v. 选择；挑选 select from...（从… 中挑选） elect v. 选举，推选 elect sb. as...（选举某人为…） involve v. （使）参加；牵涉 be involved in...（参与…；与… 有关联） stage v./n. 上演 / 阶段，状态 stage a play（上演戏剧） at this stage（在这个阶段） parade n. 游行 hold a parade（举行游行） march v. 齐步走；行进 march forward（向前行进） band n. 乐队 a rock/jazz band（摇滚 / 爵士乐队） classic adj. 典雅的，古朴的 classic music/art（古典音乐 / 艺术） socialize v. 交往，交际 socialize with sb.（与某人社交） casual adj. 非正式的 casual clothes/meeting（休闲装 / 非正式会议） formal adj. 正式的；庄重的 formal attire/ceremony（正式着装 / 仪式） affair n. 事件；事情 a social/political affair（社交 / 政治事件） DJ n. 唱片节目主持人 a club DJ（夜店 DJ） gymnasium n. 健身房；体育馆 in the gymnasium（在体育馆里） cafeteria n. 自助餐厅，自助食堂 school cafeteria（学校食堂） entire adj. 全部的；完全的 the entire world/team（整个世界 / 团队） partner n. 搭档；同伴 a business/dancing partner（商业伙伴 / 舞伴） bow n. 鞠躬；弯腰行礼 take/make a bow（鞠躬） remind v. 提醒；使想起 remind sb. of...（使某人想起…） remind sb. to do...（提醒某人做…） participant n. 参与者；参加者 an active participant（积极参与者） graceful adj. 优美的；优雅的 a graceful dance/movement（优雅的舞蹈 / 动作） nation n. 国家；民族 a sovereign nation（主权国家） wreath n. 花环 a Christmas wreath（圣诞花环） symbol n. 象征 a symbol of peace/unity（和平 / 团结的象征） Jew n. 犹太人 Jewish culture（犹太文化） stationery n. 文具 stationery store（文具店） item n. 一件物品；项目 an item of clothing/luggage（一件衣物 / 行李） indicate v. 象征；暗示 indicate sth. to sb.（向某人暗示某事） dress up 动词短语 穿上盛装；穿上正装 dress up for a party（为派对盛装打扮） stand for 动词短语 象征；是…… 意思 What does "UN" stand for?（“UN” 代表什么？） leave... behind 动词短语 脱离（某状态）；离开 leave the past behind（放下过去） shoulder responsibilities 动词短语 对某事承担责任 shoulder family/social responsibilities（承担家庭 / 社会责任） on the rise 介词短语 在上涨，在上升 Crime rate is on the rise.（犯罪率在上升。） a sense of 介词短语 …… 感，…… 意识 a sense of humor/responsibility（幽默感 / 责任感） take on 动词短语 接受；承担（责任） take on a new challenge/role（接受新挑战 / 角色） give … away 动词短语 （在婚礼上）将新娘交给新郎 The father gives his daughter away.（父亲将女儿交给新郎。） homecoming n. 校友返校活动 homecoming game/dance（返校节比赛 / 舞会） centre around 动词短语 围绕 The story centres around a family.（故事围绕一个家庭展开。） show up 动词短语 如约赶到；出现 Show up on time.（准时到场。） (be) involved in 动词短语 参与……；与…… 有关联 She is involved in charity work.（她参与慈善工作。） 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. responsibility n. 责任 → responsible adj. 负责的；irresponsible adj. 不负责任的 2. ceremony n. 典礼 → ceremonial adj. 仪式的；ceremoniously adv. 隆重地 3. youth n. 青年 → young adj. 年轻的；youthful adj. 青春的 4. citizen n. 公民 → citizenship n. 公民身份；citizenry n. 公民（总称） 5. respect n./v. 尊重 → respectful adj. 恭敬的；disrespect n./v. 无礼 6. duty n. 义务 → dutiful adj. 尽职的；dutifully adv. 忠实地 7. tradition n. 传统 → traditional adj. 传统的；traditionally adv. 传统上 8. perform v. 执行 → performance n. 表现；performer n. 表演者 9. represent v. 代表 → representation n. 代表；representative adj. 典型的 10. involve v. 牵涉 → involvement n. 参与；involved adj. 复杂的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1 leave childishness behind 脱离稚嫩 2 shoulder grown-up responsibilities 肩负起成人的责任 3 include multiculturalism and general responsibilities 包括多元文化主义和一般责任 4 on the rise 在上升 5 have respect for other people 尊重他人 6 have a sense of duty 有责任感 7 take on these values 接受这些价值观 8 be treated differently from other coming-of-age events 和其他成人仪式不同 9 mark a girl’s entry into womanhood 标志着女孩成年 10 other general household skills 其他一般的家务技能 11 get prepared for their upcoming marriage 为她们将来的婚姻做准备 12 perform the sacred thread ceremony 进行圣线仪式 13 represent three promises 代表三个承诺 14 vary significantly from culture to culture 在各个文化中大相径庭 15 have specific rituals 有独特的礼节 16 symbolise one’s transition from childhood to adulthood 代表一个人从童年转变为成年 17 refer to a tradition at many university 指的是许多大学的传统 18 reminisce about the school days 回忆校园时光 19 centre around homecoming 围绕着校友返校活动 20 show up 如约赶到 21 rent a senior 租借一个高年级学生 22 wear your pajamas to school 把睡衣穿去学校 23 hold elections for Homecoming King 选举返校日国王 24 be selected from among the upper-level students 从高年级学生中选出 25 be involved in school activities 参加学习活动 26 stage a homecoming parade 上演返校日游行 27 take place on the Friday night 发生在周五晚 28 no matter what grade they are in 无论他们是哪个年级 29 make it a semi-formal affair 使其成为半正式的事件 30 in the gymnasium or cafeteria 在体育馆或在自助食堂 考向1 补全句子翻译 occasion respect individual perform represent intellectual specific symbolize refer senior accompany 1. His achievements earned him ________ and admiration. 他的成就为他赢得别人的尊敬和赞美. 2. You should always __________what you promise. 你应永远履行你的诺言. 3. Don't ________to the matter again. 不要再提这件事了. 4. Shall I ___________you to the hospital? 我陪您去医院 吗 ? 5. She was picked out from the whole class to _________ them at the other school. 从全班中选出她来作为去另一学校的代表. 6. The ________ people often take no interest in fashion. 年长的人通常对时尚不感兴趣. 7. What does the Statue of Liberty __________? 自由女神象征着什么? 8. Chess is a highly __________ game. 象棋是需用高度智力的运动项目. 9. His behaviour was not in keeping with the solemn(庄严的) _________. 他的举止与这庄严的场合不协调. 10. We should make a concrete analysis of each __________ question. 对于每个具体问题要进行具体分析. 【答案】 1. respect 2.perform 3. refer 4. accompany 5. represent 6. senior 7. symbolize 8. intellectual 9.occasion 10. specific 考向2 选词填空 （24-25高三上·上海松江·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．ancient    B．decorate    C． mark    D．passage E. rituals    F. slightly    G. specific    H. stages I. symbols    J. traditionally    K. various Celebrating Growth Celebrating another trip around the sun for loved ones is a timeless tradition, but how people celebrate it varies. From enjoying long noodles in China to singing around a cake and candles in America, there are 1 ways to celebrate growth worldwide. An important tradition in Mexican culture is Quinceanera, generally celebrated on a girl’s fifteenth birthday. The celebration is meant to 2 a big step forward in a young girl’s life and is completed with a shining dress and a huge cake. Its similarity to a wedding ceremony is a wish for the girl’s successful 3 into adulthood. In Japan, birthdays aren’t celebrated as often as they are in other countries. Similar to the Chinese, the Japanese 4 . celebrate a person’s turning a year older on New Year’s Day. Similar to birthdays in the Western world, get-togethers might be held. Rather than an official party, young children participate in the 7-5-3 celebration. Children in 5 times often died young, so later when a boy reaches the age of five and a girl three and seven, he or she puts on the finest clothes and gives thanks to gods for health. Africa is made up of many countries or regions, each with its 6 birthday traditions. In one tribe (部落) in Kenya, boys must participate in three traditional 7 which begin at about ages fourteen to sixteen, along with other boys of similar age. To celebrate their graduation to manhood, the tribe usually 8 classic activities such as the Jumping Dance. And in Egypt, family and friends are invited to a party that includes singing and dancing. Flowers and fruit are commonly used to 9 the party. They are gifts from nature and can be seen as 10 of life and growth. Egyptians also have a birthday cake but they do not send birthday cards like people do in America. 【答案】 1．K 2．C 3．D 4．J 5．A 6．G 7．E 8．H 9．B 10．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界各地庆祝生日的不同习俗和活动。 1．考查形容词。句意：从在中国享用长面条到在美国围着蛋糕和蜡烛唱歌，世界各地都有各种庆祝成长的方式。根据“From enjoying long noodles in China to singing around a cake and candles in America”以及句意“各种”可知应填形容词various，作定语修饰名词ways。故选K。 2．考查动词。句意：庆祝活动是为了庆贺一个年轻女孩的生活向前迈出了一大步，并以一件闪亮的裙子和一个巨大的蛋糕来结束。be meant to do sth.为固定搭配，设空处填动词原形，根据“a big step forward in a young girl’s life”可知庆祝活动是为了庆贺一个年轻女孩的生活向前迈出了一大步，动词mark“纪念，庆贺”符合句意。故选C。 3．考查名词。句意：它与婚礼仪式相似，是对女孩成功进入成年的祝愿。设空处作宾语，，passage“过渡，通道”为名词，passage into adulthood意为“成年仪式”符合句意，故选D。 4．考查副词。句意：和中国人一样，日本人也会在元旦这一天传统上庆祝自己又老了一岁。根据“Similar to the Chinese”以及句意“传统”可知应填副词traditionally，修饰动词celebrate。故选J。 5．考查形容词。句意：在古代，孩子们往往早夭，所以当男孩长到五岁，女孩长到三岁和七岁时，他们就会穿上最好的衣服，感谢上帝赐予他们健康。根据“times often died young, so later when a boy reaches the age of five and a girl three and seven, he or she puts on the finest clothes and gives thanks to gods for health”以及句意“古代”可知应填形容词ancient“古代的”，修饰名词times。故选A。 6．考查形容词。句意：非洲由许多国家或地区组成，每个国家或地区都有自己独特的生日传统。根据“Africa is made up of many countries or regions”以及后文“In one tribe in Kenya, boys must participate in three traditional”可知，每个国家或地区都有自己独特的生日传统，形容词specific“独特的，特有的”符合句意，作定语修饰名词traditions。故选G。 7．考查名词。句意：在肯尼亚的一个部落里，男孩们必须在14岁到16岁之间和其他同龄男孩一起参加三个传统仪式。根据“boys must participate in three traditional”以及句意“仪式”可知应填名词ritual，根据上文three可知应填复数形式rituals。故选E。 8．考查动词。句意：为了庆祝他们成年，部落通常会举办一些经典的活动，比如跳跃舞。作谓语，根据“classic activities such as the Jumping Dance”可知此处指“举行经典活动”，动词stage“举办；举行”符合句意，根据句意和usually可知此句陈述一般性事实，用一般现在时，主语为the tribe，谓语用三单形式stages。故选H。 9．考查动词。句意：花和水果通常用来装饰聚会。根据“Flowers and fruit”可知此处指“装饰派对”，动词decorate“装饰”符合句意；be used to do sth.“被用来……”，此空填动词原形。故选B。 10．考查名词。句意：它们是大自然的礼物，可以被视为生命和成长的象征。根据“seen”以及“of life and growth”可知，此处表示“被看作是生命和成长的象征”，作介词as宾语，名词symbol“象征”符合句意，根据“They are gifts from nature”可知应填名词复数symbols。故选I。 （23-24高三上·上海·阶段练习）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper words chosen from the box. Each word com only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．deal    B．symbolizing    C． count    D．themes    E. involve    F. observe    G. fortune     H. parade I. varied    J. tower    K. renewed Get ready to say good-bye to the old, hello to the new! What’s the occasion? The coming of the New Year. Many Western cultures measure their days with the solar calendar. Therefore, they 11 the coming of New Year on January 1. Cultures in Asia and Middle East use other calendars, such as the more ancient lunar calendar. They celebrate the New Year at other times. Events and ceremonies vary from country to country. But in each places, New Year celebrations are a big 12 Most world cultures have been celebrating the New Year for centuries. The earliest New Year celebrations took place during spring or harvest time. With better weather ahead, or plenty of food to eat in winter, people naturally felt like having a party! As the days became longer and as nature 13 itself, people also felt like they could have a new start. Past disappointments could be forgotten. The New Year could bring better 14 , more opportunities and new challenges. Such universal themes remain the same today. Some cultures have unusual New Year traditions. Italians throw old things out of their windows at midnight, 15 the departure of the old. Mexicans fire guns into the air to keep away misfortunes. New Year celebrations also 16 having fun. Some cultures view the New Year as an opportunity to let off fireworks. In New York City’s Times Square, thousands gather on December 31 to 17 down the last seconds of the year. A giant silver ball is lowered at the stroke of midnight. London, England, hosts an annual New Year’s Day 18 that draws nearly a million spectators. The largest parade in Europe, it features bands and enormous balloons. These ballons are so huge that they 19 over nearby buildings! How will you celebrate the New Year? Think about the 20 you find meaningful during this season. Do you hope for a new start or a chance to turn over a new leaf? Whatever the case, we wish you well. Happy New Year! 【答案】 11．F 12．A 13．K 14．G 15．B 16．E 17．C 18．H 19．J 20．D 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍为庆祝新年的到来，世界各地所举行的一些活动。 11．考查动词。句意：因此，他们在1月1日庆祝新年的到来。亚洲和中东的文化使用其他的历法，比如更古老的阴历。根据宾语空后的the coming of New Year可知，人们要庆祝新年的到来，此处observe的意思是“庆祝”，符合句意。故选F。 12．考查固定短语。句意：但在每个地方，庆祝新年都是一件大事。固定搭配：a big deal“非常重要的事情”。故选A。 13．考查动词。句意：随着白天变长，大自然复苏，人们也觉得他们可以有一个新的开始。根据空前“the days became longer ”可知此处表示“大自然复苏”，且为一般过去时。故选K。 14．考查名词。句意：新的一年可以带来更好的运气，更多的机会和新的挑战。根据空后的“more opportunities and new challenges”可知此处指带来好运。故选G。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：意大利人在午夜时分将旧东西扔出窗外，象征着旧的离去。根据宾语the departure of the old可知此处表示“象征”，动词symbolize的意思是“象征”，是现在分词作伴随状语。故选B。 16．考查动词。句意：新年的庆祝活动也包括玩乐。动词involve的意思是“牵涉，包括”，后接动名词作宾语。故选E。 17．考查不定式作目的状语。句意：12月31日，数千人聚集在纽约时代广场，为新年的最后几秒倒数。动词短语count down的意思是“倒计时”，此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。 18．考查名词。句意：英国伦敦每年都会举行新年游行，吸引近100万观众。空后的The largest parade原词复现，此处parade是名词，在句中作宾语。故选H。 19．考查动词。句意：这些气球是如此巨大，以至于它们高耸在附近的建筑物之上！根据“so huge ”可知此处表示“高过附近的建筑物”，此处的tower为动词，表示“高过”，故选J。 20．考查名词。句意：想想你在这个季节觉得有意义的主题。根据空后“Do you hope for a new start or a chance to turn over a new leaf? ”可知此处表示“主题”，故选D。 5 / 38 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$