Unit 3 Same or Different 形容词和副词比较级-2025-2026学年新八年级英语暑假语法培优训练（人教版2024）

2025学年新八年级英语暑假语法培优训练（人教版2024） Unit 3 Same or Different? 形容词和副词比较级 语法讲义 1、 定义： 形容词和副词的比较级是英语语法中用于比较两个人或事物之间性质、特征或动作 程度 差异的一种形式。 通过比较级，我们能够清晰地表达出一方在某方面比另一方更具某种特质或程度更高。 在 “Emma is taller than Ella.” 这句话中，“taller” 就是 “tall” 的比较级，用于表明 Emma 在身高方面比 Ella 更具优势，即 Emma 比 Ella 高。这体现了比较级在描述两者 差异时的作用，让信息传达更加准确和具体。 二、形容词、副词比较级的构成： 规则变化： （1）一般情况下，直接在形容词或副词后直接 +er。 如： “tall”（高的）变为 “taller”（更高的） “fast”（快地）变为 “faster”（更快地） （2）以不发音的 -e 结尾的单词，直接 +r。 如： “nice”（好的）变为 “nicer”（更好的） “ late”（晚的）变为 “ later”（更晚的） （3）以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的单词，变 y 为 i，再 +er。 如： “happy”（开心的）变为 “happier”（更开心的） “early”（早地）变为 “earlier”（更早地） （4）以重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再 +er 。 如： “big”（大的）变为“bigger”（更大的） “Hot”（热的）变为“hotter”（更热的） “Thin”（瘦的）变为“thinner”（更瘦的） fat”（肥的）变为“fatter”（更肥的） （5）部分双音节和多音节单词，在前面+ more 。 如： “outgoing”（外向的）变为 “more outgoing”（更外向的） “beautiful”（美丽的）变为 “more beautiful”（更美丽的） “seriously”（严肃地）变为 “more seriously”（更严肃地） 不规则变化：有一些形容词和副词的比较级变化是不规则的，需要特殊记忆。 如： “good /well”（好的 / 好地）的比较级是 “better”（更好的） “bad /badly/ill”（坏的 / 坏地）的比较级是 “worse”（更坏的） “many /much”（许多）的比较级是 “more”（更多的） “ little”（少的）的比较级是 “ less”（更少的） “far”（远的）的比较级有 “farther”（更远的，侧重于距离）和 “further”（更远 的，更侧重于程度） “old”（年长的）的比较级形式包括“older”（更年长的）和“elder”（更年长的，更侧重 于辈分或顺序） 三、形容词、副词比较级的用法： （1）两者之间的比较：比较级最常见的用法就是用于比较两个人或事物在某方面的差异， 基本结构为 “A + be 动词 / 实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B” 。 在描述身高差异时，“Emma is taller than Ella.”（Emma 比 Ella 高。） 描述学习努力程度时，“Chen Jie works harder than Peter.”（陈杰比彼得学习 更努力。） 描述动作表现时，“Ella dances better than Emma.”（艾拉跳舞比艾玛好。） （2）两者之间选择：which/who is+比较级，A or B? Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth?哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球? Which is better, the red dress or the black dress?那条裙子更好，红色的还是黑色的? （3） 两者之间较 ...... 之一：the+比较级 He is the thinner of the two.他是两人中较瘦的那个 （4）越来越…比较级+and+比较级：多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more+原级 The weather is becoming colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷了。 She is becoming more and more beautiful.她变得越来越美了。 （5）越…越… ：the+比较级，the+比较级 The more careful you are, the more points you will get.你越细心，得分越多。 The more you read, the more you know.你书读得越多，你就知道越多。 （6）修饰比较级：为了更准确地表达比较的程度，可以用一些词或短语来修饰比较级。 常见的有 “much”（ …… 得多） 、“a little”（一点儿） 、“even”（甚至） 、“far” （远，…… 得多）等 “My father is much busier than my mother.”（我爸爸比我妈妈忙得多。） ； “ I am a little shorter than my sister.”（我比我妹妹矮一点儿。） “ It's even colder today than yesterday.”（今天比昨天甚至更冷。） 四、同级比较：表示两者在某方面程度相同时，使用 “as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as” 结构， 意为 “和…… 一样” ； “Julie is as slim as me.”（朱莉和我一样苗条。） 其否定形式 “not as/so + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as” ，表示 “不如……” 。 “ I am not as serious as my cousin.”（我没有我表哥那么严肃。） 语法专练 一、单项选择 1．Please drive a little ________ when you’re next to school. Many kids are waiting for the green light. A．slowly B．more slowly C．most slowly D．the most slowly 2．The ________ you check, the ________ mistakes you will make. A．carefully; few B．more carefully; fewer C．carefully; fewer D．more carefully; few 3．The weather is getting ________ and very soon it will be winter. A．warm and warm B．warmer and warmer C．cold and cold D．colder and colder 4．Moon Hotel is much ________ than the others in the city. A．good B．well C．better D．best 5．The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao bridge is 55 kilometers long. It’s ________ than any other cross-sea bridge in the world. A．long B．more longer C．much longer 6．-- Ann, I am worried I’m getting fatter. What should I do? -- I think you should eat _____ food and do _____ exercise. A．more, more B．less, less C．more, less D．less, more 7．Jim runs ________ Tom, so Tom always wins the race. A．faster than B．as quickly as C．less fast than D．less quick than 8．The teacher is glad to see that Tony is ________ than before. A．careful B．more careful C．most careful D．the most careful 9．Lily takes exercise every day, so she’s ________ than her friend Tracy. A．strong B．stronger C．short D．shorter 10．Both Tina and Vicky can sing English songs, but Vicky sings________than Tina. A．clear B．clearly C．clearer D．more clearly 11．—What songs are you listening to? —A beautiful song for kids. It says the _______ we get together, the ________ we will be. A．more; happy B．much; happy C．more; happier D．much; happier 12．If everyone tries his best to work hard, our country will be ________. A．better and better B．clean and cleaner C．cleaner and cleaner D．good and better 13．The two schoolbags have the same size and color. But this one is ______ cheaper than that one. A．much B．more C．little D．less 14．There are more activities in our school this term, and they will make our school life ________. A．interesting B．more interesting C．interested D．more interested 15．— Which do you like _________, Chinese or English? — Chinese. A．good B．well C．better D．best 16．—Is your hair as ________ as Mary’s? —No, it isn’t. Hers is ________ than mine. A．long; long B．longer; long C．long; longer D．longer; longer 17．—Why do many people buy things online on Nov.11th? —Because there are so many things on sale, so the things are ________ on that day. A．longer B．cheaper C．more expensive D．higher 18．—What does your friend look like now? —Oh, he is much ________ than before. A．strong B．stronger C．strongest D．too strong 19．Travelling by train is slower than by plane. But it’s ________ than by plane. A．interesting B．less interesting C．more interesting D．most interesting 20．Our school life has become ________ than before because of all kinds of after-school activities. A．colorful B．colorfully C．more colorful D．the most colorful 二、单词拼写 21．After taking tennis classes, Tim is much (strong) than last year. 22．Today is much (cool) than yesterday. Nice! 23．It’s said that in the future there will be longer summers and winters than before. （short） 24．—Will you go to the museum by bus? —I’d rather take a taxi. It’s (fast). 25． (careful) you are, (few) mistakes you will make in the exam. 26．Good luck belongs to (属于) hard-working people. (hard) you work, the luckier you will be. 27．—Who do you think will win the race, Bob or Tom? —It must be Bob. I think he runs (fast). 28．Larry always gets (good) grades than Lucy does. 29．The (carefully) you study, the better you will become. 30．Bob always gets best grades, because he’s (hard­working) than the other students in his class. 31．Do you know who is (friendly), Linda or Alice? 32．There are many classrooms in my school, and my classroom is (big) than any other one. 33．Alice is (outgoing) than me, and she has many friends. 34．Tom and Jack are in the same class, but Tom studies (hard) of the two boys. 35．If there are (few) people driving, there will be (little) pollution. 36．I think Linda is (smart) than most kids. 37．Tom is as (funny) as Paul. 38．—Who is (outgoing), your sister or your brother? —My sister. She talks a lot. 39．Tina plays the piano (well) than me. 40．My mother works as (hard) as my father. 三、按要求完成句子 41．I have shorter hair than Lucy.(改为同义句) Lucy’s hair is than . 42．I am fat. My friend is thin. (改为含有比较级的句子) My friend me. 43．Betty is ten years old. David is twelve years old. (合并为一句) David is two years Betty. 44．Mike is ten years old. Bill is ten years old, too.（合为一句） Mike is Bill. 45．My room is cooler than his.（改为同义句） His room is mine. 46．I’m not as tall as my brother. (改为同义句) I’m my brother. 47．Japanese is not as popular as English.（改为同义句） English is than Japanese. 48．She is as beautiful as a star. (改为否定句) She is a star. 49．The first plan is not as interesting as the second one. (改为同义句) The first plan is the second one. 50．Mary is older than her cousin. (改为同义句) Mary’s cousin is Mary. 四、短文填空 Every school has rules. They have to be followed by students. However, some people think there are 51 (many) rules than before. Sometimes, students feel unhappy. But the life of the students in ancient times was much 52 (hard). In the old days, teachers had rights to punish (惩罚) students when they didn’t do what teachers told them to do. But now, teachers have 53 (few) rights. In fact, following school rules can be 54 (much) important than other things. For example, falling down may happen if students are running in the hallways. Following the rules can also help students to learn 55 (well) than they don’t. When they grow up and go out by themselves, they soon find that following rules is needed. 五、选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。 Everyone has their good friends, and so do I. Then who is my best friend? Of course, it’s Sue. Although we are best friends, we have many differences. She is much 56 than me. That’s why I always speak 57 than she does. We are interested in different subjects, too. For me, I like math because I think it is 58 than any other subject. But Sue’s English is much 59 than mine because she thinks English sounds beautiful. So, when we do homework together after school, we can help each other. She usually does it 60 than I do. We both feel lucky to be friends and we hope to be friends forever. 参考答案 一、 1．B 【详解】句意：当你在学校附近时，请开慢一点。许多孩子都在等待绿灯。 考查比较级。由“Please drive a little…when you’re next to school. Many kids are waiting for the green light”及常识可知，开车经过学校附近要比平时开车更慢一点，应用副词比较级。故选B。 2．B 【详解】句意：你检查得越仔细，你犯的错误就越少。 考查比较级结构。根据“The...you check”和“the...mistakes you will make.”可知，该句考查“the+比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓”结构，表示“越……，就越……”，为固定句型。副词carefully“仔细地”的比较级形式为more carefully；形容词few“少”的比较级形式为fewer。故选B。 3．D 【详解】句意：天气越来越冷，很快就要到冬天了。 考查形容词的比较级。warm温暖的、暖和的，cold寒冷的。根据“very soon it will be winter”可知，冬天就要来了，所以天气变得越来越冷，形容词的比较级+and+形容词的比较级，表示“越来越……”，故选D。 4．C 【详解】句意：Moon Hotel比城里其他酒店要好得多。 考查形容词比较级。good好的，形容词原级，well好，副词；better更好的，比较级；best最好的，最高级。根据句中的“than the others”可知，此处是两者进行比较，故选择比较级better。故选C。 5．C 【详解】句意：港珠澳大桥长55公里。它比世界上任何一座跨海大桥都要长得多。 考查形容词比较级。根据“than”可知，应使用比较级，much可以修饰比较级，more longer是错误表达。故选C。 6．D 【详解】句意：——Ann，我很担心我变得更胖了。我该怎么办啊？——我想你应该少吃东西多运动。 more更多的，是many和much的比较级；less更少的，是little的比较级，修饰不可数名词。根据句意和常识可知，如果要减肥，应该少吃多运动。故应选D。 7．C 【详解】句意：吉姆跑得不如汤姆快，所以汤姆总是赢得比赛。 考查副词比较级。faster than比……更快；as quickly as和……一样快；less fast than不如……快；less quick than不如……快。根据“so Tom always wins the race.”可知，吉姆跑得不如汤姆快，排除AB；此处修饰动词，应用副词，fast可作副词，quick是形容词。故选C。 8．B 【详解】句意：老师很高兴看到托尼比以前细心了。 考查形容词比较级。根据“than before”可知，此处需用比较级，故选B。 9．B 【详解】句意：莉莉每天都锻炼，所以她比她的朋友特蕾西更强壮。 考查形容词比较级。strong强壮的；stronger更强壮的；short短的；shorter更短的。根据“Lily takes exercise every day”可知，莉莉每天锻炼，因此她比特蕾西更强壮，应用形容词的比较级形式，故选B。 10．D 【详解】句意：Tina和Vicky都能唱英文歌，但Vicky唱得比Tina更清楚。 考查副词比较级。clear清楚的，形容词；clearly清楚地，副词；clearer更清楚的，形容词比较级；more clearly更清楚地，副词比较级。根据“but Vicky sings…than Tina.”，需要用副词比较级来修饰动词sings，表示“更清楚地”。故选D。 11．C 【详解】句意：——你在听什么歌？——一首献给孩子们的优美歌曲。它说我们越聚在一起，我们就会越快乐。 考查形容词比较等级。the＋比较级，the＋比较级，意思是：“越……就越……”，根据题意可知我们越聚在一起就会越快乐。故选 C。 12．A 【详解】句意：如果每个人都尽力努力工作，我们的国家会变得越来越好。 考查形容词比较级。better更好的；cleaner更干净的。短语“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”，根据“If everyone tries his best to work hard”可知，努力工作会让我们的国家变得越来越好，应用better and better。故选A。 13．A 【详解】句意：这两个书包有一样的尺寸和颜色。但是这个比那个更便宜。 考查形容词比较级的修饰词。much多的；more更多的；little少的；less更少的。根据“But this one is...cheaper than that one.”可知，这个比那个更便宜，修饰形容词比较级cheaper用much。故选A。 14．B 【详解】句意：这个学期我们学校有更多的活动，他们使我们的学校生活更有趣。 考查形容词和比较级。interesting有趣的；more interesting更有趣；interested感到有趣；more interested感到更有趣。根据“There are more activities in our school this term, and they will make our school life...”可知，更多的活动使学校生活更有趣，故用形容词的比较级，排除A和C；又interested修饰人，interesting修饰物，此处指活动使学校生活更有趣，修饰物。故选B。 15．C 【详解】句意：——你更喜欢哪一个，中文还是英文？——中文。 考查比较级。good好的；well好；bette更好；best最好。根据“Chinese or English?”可知此处是两者比较，应用比较级，故选C。 16．C 【详解】句意：——你的头发和玛丽的一样长吗？——不，不是。她的头发比我的长。 考查原级比较和比较级。long长的；longer更长的。as adj as意为“和……一样……”，可排除BD选项；空二所在句子含有比较级标志词“than”，可排除A选项。故选C。 17．B 【详解】句意：——为什么很多人在11月11日这天网上购物？ ——因为有很多东西打折，所以那天的东西更便宜。 考查形容词辨析。longer更长的；cheaper更便宜的；more expensive更昂贵的；higher更高的。根据“Because there are many sales on sale.”可知，有很多东西打折，因此东西应是比其他时间的更便宜。故选B。 18．B 【详解】句意：——你朋友现在长什么样子？——噢，他比以前强壮多了。 考查比较级的用法。根据句子中的“than”可知，应该用比较级。故选B。 19．C 【详解】句意：乘火车旅行比乘飞机慢。但它比坐飞机更有趣。 考查形容词比较级。interesting有趣的，原形；less interesting不那么有趣；more interesting更有趣的；most interesting最有趣的。根据“than”可知此处用比较级，排除AD；根据“Travelling by train is slower than by plane. But it’s...than by plane”可知虽然火车比较慢，但是它更有趣。故选C。 20．C 【详解】句意：由于各种各样的课外活动，我们的学校生活比以前更加丰富多彩。 考查形容词比较级的用法。colorful精彩的，形容词原级；colorfully精彩地，副词原级；more colorful更精彩的，形容词比较级；the most colorful最精彩的，形容词最高级。become是连系动词，后接形容词作表语。根据“than”可知，此空应填形容词比较级，故选C。 二、 21．stronger 【详解】句意：上完网球课后，蒂姆比去年强壮多了。根据句中“than”可知，本句用比较级，strong的比较级为stronger。故填stronger。 22．cooler 【详解】句意：今天比昨天凉爽多了。真好！根据“than”可知，此处需用形容词比较级形式。cool的比较级是cooler。故填cooler。 23．shorter 【详解】句意：据说将来夏天会比以前长，冬天会比以前短。根据“than before”可知，两者之间的比较应用比较级，short的比较级是shorter“更短的”。故填shorter。 24．faster 【详解】句意：——你会坐公共汽车去博物馆吗？——我宁愿坐出租车。它更快。fast“快的”；根据“by bus”以及“take a taxi”可知，此处是公交车和出租车两种交通方式的比较，要用比较级faster。故填faster。 25． The more careful the fewer 【详解】句意：你越仔细，在考试中犯的错误就越少。根据常识可知，越细心犯错越少。此处是固定结构：the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……，就越……”。careful的比较级是more careful；few的比较级是fewer，修饰可数名词复数。故填The more careful；the fewer。 26．The harder 【详解】句意：好运属于勤劳的人。你越努力，你就越幸运。根据句子结构可知，此处为“the+比较级…, the+比较级…”结构。hard的比较级是harder。故填The harder。 27．faster 【详解】句意：——你认为谁会赢得比赛，鲍勃还是汤姆？——一定是鲍勃。我认为他跑得更快。根据“Bob or Tom”可知两者之间的比较要用比较级，fast的比较级是faster，故填faster。 28．better 【详解】句意：Larry的成绩总是比Lucy好。根据“Larry always gets…grades than Lucy does.”可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级better修饰名词grades。故填better。 29．more carefully 【详解】句意：你学习得越认真，你就会变得越好。根据“The…you study, the better you will become.”可知，此处为固定句型“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”。用副词形式carefully的比较级more carefully修饰动词study。故填more carefully。 30．more hard­working 【详解】句意：鲍勃总是得到最好的成绩，因为他比班上其他学生更努力。根据空格后“than”提示，此处应用形容词比较级形式，hard­working的比较级形式为more hard­working，意为“更努力的”，故填more hard­working。 31．friendlier 【详解】句意：你知道琳达和爱丽丝谁更友好吗？结合“Linda or Alice”和提示词“friendly友好的”可知，这里是将琳达和爱丽丝进行对比，所以要用“friendly友好的”的比较级“friendlier”作表语。故填friendlier。 32．bigger 【详解】句意：我的学校有很多教室，我的教室比其他任何一个都大。根据“than”可知，此处用形容词比较级bigger，意为“更大的”。故填bigger。 33．more outgoing 【详解】句意：Alice比我更外向，而且她有许多朋友。根据“than”和提示词“outgoing外向的”可知，这里要用形容词的比较级，作“is”的表语，“outgoing”的比较级是“more outgoing”。故填more outgoing。 34．harder　 【详解】句意：汤姆和杰克在同一个班，但汤姆比杰克学习用功。根据“of the two boys”和提示词“hard努力”可知，此处指在两者中做比较，应用“hard”的比较级“harder”修饰谓语动词“studies”作状语。故填 harder。 35． fewer less 【详解】句意：如果开车的人少，污染就会少。根据“If there are…people driving, there will be…pollution.”以及所给单词可知，此处指的是“如果开车的人少一些，污染就会少一些”，应用形容词比较级。故填fewer；less。 36．smarter 【详解】句意：我认为琳达比大多数孩子都聪明。smart“聪明的”；结合than可知，设空处应填写其比较级smarter。故填smarter。 37．funny 【详解】句意：汤姆跟保罗一样有趣。根据“as…as”和提示单词可知，此处是“as+(adj/adv) 原级+as”结构，表示“与……一样”，空处应填形容词funny“有趣的”。故填funny。 38．more outgoing 【详解】句意：——谁更外向，你的姐姐还是哥哥？——我姐姐。她更善谈。根据比较对象“your sister or your brother”可知，此处是两者对比，填形容词outgoing的比较级：more outgoing。故填more outgoing。 39．better 【详解】句意：蒂娜弹钢琴弹得比我更好。根据“than”可知，此处用副词well的比较级。故填better。 40．hard 【详解】句意：我妈妈和我爸爸一样努力工作。work hard表示“努力工作”，as...as之间用副词hard原级。故填hard。 三、 41． longer mine 【详解】句意：我的头发比露西短。根据题目要求可知，此题可意为“露西的头发比我的长”，第一空填longer“更长”；第二空填mine，mine代替“my hair”，故填longer；mine。 42． is thinner than 【详解】句意：我很胖。我的朋友很瘦。根据题意可知，需要用比较级来表达“我的朋友比我瘦”。句型结构为“主语 + be动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + 比较对象”；句子的时态为一般现在时，主语My friend为第三人称单数，此处be动词用is；thin的比较级是thinner；than“比”。故填is；thinner；than。 43． older than 【详解】句意：贝蒂十岁了。大卫十二岁了。即“大卫比贝蒂年长两岁”，需用比较级。older“更年长的”，than“比”。故填older；than。 44． as old as 【详解】句意：Mike十岁了。Bill也十岁了。由句意可知Mike和Bill都是十岁了，所以他们的年龄一样大，表示“和……一样大”可用短语“as old as...”。故填as；old；as。 45． warmer than 【详解】句意：我的房间比他的凉爽。题目要求改为同义句，即“他的房间比我的暖”，warmer为形容词比较级，意为“更暖的”，than意为“比”，符合句意，故填warmer；than。 46． shorter than 【详解】句意：我没有我哥哥高。也就是“我比我的哥哥矮”。short“矮的”，比较级为shorter，后加than“比”。故填shorter；than。 47． more popular 【详解】句意：日语不像英语那样受欢迎。该句也可表达为“英语比日语更受欢迎”；表示“比……更受欢迎”要用比较级，popular是多音节词，其比较级形式为more popular。故填more；popular。 48． not as/so beautiful as 【详解】句意：她像明星一样漂亮。as...as结构的否定形式是not as/so...as，故填not；as/so；beautiful；as。 49． less interesting than 【详解】句意：第一个计划不如第二个有趣。less interesting“没那么有趣”，than“比”，故填less；interesting；than。 50． younger than 【详解】句意：玛丽比她的表妹大。本句也表示“玛丽的表妹比玛丽年轻”，younger“更年轻的”，than“比”，故填younger；than。 四、 51．more 52．harder 53．fewer 54．more 55．better 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了学校规则的重要性以及遵守规则的必要性。 51．句意：然而，有些人认为现在的规则比以前多了。根据“than before”可知，此处应使用比较级more表示“更多的”。故填more。 52．句意：但是古代学生的生活要艰苦得多。根据“much”可知，此处应用hard的比较级harder表示“更艰难的”。故填harder。 53．句意：但是现在，教师的权利更少了。根据“teachers have...rights”可知，现在教师的权利更少了，应用few的比较级fewer表示“更少的”。故填fewer。 54．句意：事实上，遵守校规可能比其他事情更重要。根据“than other things”可知，此处应用much的比较级more表示“更多的”。故填more。 55．句意：遵守规则也能帮助学生比不遵守规则学得更好。根据“than”可知，此处应用well的比较级better表示“更好”。故填better。 五、 56．quieter 57．more 58．easier 59．better 60．more quickly 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者和朋友Sue的情况。 56．句意：她比我安静多了。根据“ That’s why I always speak … than she does”可知，比她说得多，她比我更安静，根据“than”可知，此空应填quiet的比较级quieter，故填quieter。 57．句意：所以我总是说得比她多。Sue比作者更加安静，所以作者说得比她更多，此空应填much的比较级more，故填more。 58．句意：对我来说，我喜欢数学，因为我认为它比其他任何科目都容易。根据“I like math because I think it is…than any other subject”可知，喜欢数学是因为它更容易，此空应填easy的比较级easier，故填easier。 59．句意：但是苏的英语比我好得多，因为她认为英语听起来很美。根据“But Sue’s English is much…than mine”可知，英语比我更好，此空应填good的比较级better，故填better。 60．句意：她通常做得比我快。根据“when we do homework together after school, we can help each other”及备选词可知，作者做得比我快，此空应填quickly的比较级more quickly，故填more quickly。 基础闯关 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025学年新八年级英语暑假语法培优训练（人教版2024） Unit 3 Same or Different? 形容词和副词比较级 语法讲义 1、 定义： 形容词和副词的比较级是英语语法中用于比较两个人或事物之间性质、特征或动作 程度 差异的一种形式。 通过比较级，我们能够清晰地表达出一方在某方面比另一方更具某种特质或程度更高。 在 “Emma is taller than Ella.” 这句话中，“taller” 就是 “tall” 的比较级，用于表明 Emma 在身高方面比 Ella 更具优势，即 Emma 比 Ella 高。这体现了比较级在描述两者 差异时的作用，让信息传达更加准确和具体。 二、形容词、副词比较级的构成： 规则变化： （1）一般情况下，直接在形容词或副词后直接 +er。 如： “tall”（高的）变为 “taller”（更高的） “fast”（快地）变为 “faster”（更快地） （2）以不发音的 -e 结尾的单词，直接 +r。 如： “nice”（好的）变为 “nicer”（更好的） “ late”（晚的）变为 “ later”（更晚的） （3）以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的单词，变 y 为 i，再 +er。 如： “happy”（开心的）变为 “happier”（更开心的） “early”（早地）变为 “earlier”（更早地） （4）以重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再 +er 。 如： “big”（大的）变为“bigger”（更大的） “Hot”（热的）变为“hotter”（更热的） “Thin”（瘦的）变为“thinner”（更瘦的） fat”（肥的）变为“fatter”（更肥的） （5）部分双音节和多音节单词，在前面+ more 。 如： “outgoing”（外向的）变为 “more outgoing”（更外向的） “beautiful”（美丽的）变为 “more beautiful”（更美丽的） “seriously”（严肃地）变为 “more seriously”（更严肃地） 不规则变化：有一些形容词和副词的比较级变化是不规则的，需要特殊记忆。 如： “good /well”（好的 / 好地）的比较级是 “better”（更好的） “bad /badly/ill”（坏的 / 坏地）的比较级是 “worse”（更坏的） “many /much”（许多）的比较级是 “more”（更多的） “ little”（少的）的比较级是 “ less”（更少的） “far”（远的）的比较级有 “farther”（更远的，侧重于距离）和 “further”（更远 的，更侧重于程度） “old”（年长的）的比较级形式包括“older”（更年长的）和“elder”（更年长的，更侧重 于辈分或顺序） 三、形容词、副词比较级的用法： （1）两者之间的比较：比较级最常见的用法就是用于比较两个人或事物在某方面的差异， 基本结构为 “A + be 动词 / 实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B” 。 在描述身高差异时，“Emma is taller than Ella.”（Emma 比 Ella 高。） 描述学习努力程度时，“Chen Jie works harder than Peter.”（陈杰比彼得学习 更努力。） 描述动作表现时，“Ella dances better than Emma.”（艾拉跳舞比艾玛好。） （2）两者之间选择：which/who is+比较级，A or B? Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth?哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球? Which is better, the red dress or the black dress?那条裙子更好，红色的还是黑色的? （3） 两者之间较 ...... 之一：the+比较级 He is the thinner of the two.他是两人中较瘦的那个 （4）越来越…比较级+and+比较级：多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more+原级 The weather is becoming colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷了。 She is becoming more and more beautiful.她变得越来越美了。 （5）越…越… ：the+比较级，the+比较级 The more careful you are, the more points you will get.你越细心，得分越多。 The more you read, the more you know.你书读得越多，你就知道越多。 （6）修饰比较级：为了更准确地表达比较的程度，可以用一些词或短语来修饰比较级。 常见的有 “much”（ …… 得多） 、“a little”（一点儿） 、“even”（甚至） 、“far” （远，…… 得多）等 “My father is much busier than my mother.”（我爸爸比我妈妈忙得多。） ； “ I am a little shorter than my sister.”（我比我妹妹矮一点儿。） “ It's even colder today than yesterday.”（今天比昨天甚至更冷。） 四、同级比较：表示两者在某方面程度相同时，使用 “as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as” 结构， 意为 “和…… 一样” ； “Julie is as slim as me.”（朱莉和我一样苗条。） 其否定形式 “not as/so + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as” ，表示 “不如……” 。 “ I am not as serious as my cousin.”（我没有我表哥那么严肃。） 语法专练 一、单项选择 1．Please drive a little ________ when you’re next to school. Many kids are waiting for the green light. A．slowly B．more slowly C．most slowly D．the most slowly 2．The ________ you check, the ________ mistakes you will make. A．carefully; few B．more carefully; fewer C．carefully; fewer D．more carefully; few 3．The weather is getting ________ and very soon it will be winter. A．warm and warm B．warmer and warmer C．cold and cold D．colder and colder 4．Moon Hotel is much ________ than the others in the city. A．good B．well C．better D．best 5．The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao bridge is 55 kilometers long. It’s ________ than any other cross-sea bridge in the world. A．long B．more longer C．much longer 6．-- Ann, I am worried I’m getting fatter. What should I do? -- I think you should eat _____ food and do _____ exercise. A．more, more B．less, less C．more, less D．less, more 7．Jim runs ________ Tom, so Tom always wins the race. A．faster than B．as quickly as C．less fast than D．less quick than 8．The teacher is glad to see that Tony is ________ than before. A．careful B．more careful C．most careful D．the most careful 9．Lily takes exercise every day, so she’s ________ than her friend Tracy. A．strong B．stronger C．short D．shorter 10．Both Tina and Vicky can sing English songs, but Vicky sings________than Tina. A．clear B．clearly C．clearer D．more clearly 11．—What songs are you listening to? —A beautiful song for kids. It says the _______ we get together, the ________ we will be. A．more; happy B．much; happy C．more; happier D．much; happier 12．If everyone tries his best to work hard, our country will be ________. A．better and better B．clean and cleaner C．cleaner and cleaner D．good and better 13．The two schoolbags have the same size and color. But this one is ______ cheaper than that one. A．much B．more C．little D．less 14．There are more activities in our school this term, and they will make our school life ________. A．interesting B．more interesting C．interested D．more interested 15．— Which do you like _________, Chinese or English? — Chinese. A．good B．well C．better D．best 16．—Is your hair as ________ as Mary’s? —No, it isn’t. Hers is ________ than mine. A．long; long B．longer; long C．long; longer D．longer; longer 17．—Why do many people buy things online on Nov.11th? —Because there are so many things on sale, so the things are ________ on that day. A．longer B．cheaper C．more expensive D．higher 18．—What does your friend look like now? —Oh, he is much ________ than before. A．strong B．stronger C．strongest D．too strong 19．Travelling by train is slower than by plane. But it’s ________ than by plane. A．interesting B．less interesting C．more interesting D．most interesting 20．Our school life has become ________ than before because of all kinds of after-school activities. A．colorful B．colorfully C．more colorful D．the most colorful 二、单词拼写 21．After taking tennis classes, Tim is much (strong) than last year. 22．Today is much (cool) than yesterday. Nice! 23．It’s said that in the future there will be longer summers and winters than before. （short） 24．—Will you go to the museum by bus? —I’d rather take a taxi. It’s (fast). 25． (careful) you are, (few) mistakes you will make in the exam. 26．Good luck belongs to (属于) hard-working people. (hard) you work, the luckier you will be. 27．—Who do you think will win the race, Bob or Tom? —It must be Bob. I think he runs (fast). 28．Larry always gets (good) grades than Lucy does. 29．The (carefully) you study, the better you will become. 30．Bob always gets best grades, because he’s (hard­working) than the other students in his class. 31．Do you know who is (friendly), Linda or Alice? 32．There are many classrooms in my school, and my classroom is (big) than any other one. 33．Alice is (outgoing) than me, and she has many friends. 34．Tom and Jack are in the same class, but Tom studies (hard) of the two boys. 35．If there are (few) people driving, there will be (little) pollution. 36．I think Linda is (smart) than most kids. 37．Tom is as (funny) as Paul. 38．—Who is (outgoing), your sister or your brother? —My sister. She talks a lot. 39．Tina plays the piano (well) than me. 40．My mother works as (hard) as my father. 三、按要求完成句子 41．I have shorter hair than Lucy.(改为同义句) Lucy’s hair is than . 42．I am fat. My friend is thin. (改为含有比较级的句子) My friend me. 43．Betty is ten years old. David is twelve years old. (合并为一句) David is two years Betty. 44．Mike is ten years old. Bill is ten years old, too.（合为一句） Mike is Bill. 45．My room is cooler than his.（改为同义句） His room is mine. 46．I’m not as tall as my brother. (改为同义句) I’m my brother. 47．Japanese is not as popular as English.（改为同义句） English is than Japanese. 48．She is as beautiful as a star. (改为否定句) She is a star. 49．The first plan is not as interesting as the second one. (改为同义句) The first plan is the second one. 50．Mary is older than her cousin. (改为同义句) Mary’s cousin is Mary. 四、短文填空 Every school has rules. They have to be followed by students. However, some people think there are 51 (many) rules than before. Sometimes, students feel unhappy. But the life of the students in ancient times was much 52 (hard). In the old days, teachers had rights to punish (惩罚) students when they didn’t do what teachers told them to do. But now, teachers have 53 (few) rights. In fact, following school rules can be 54 (much) important than other things. For example, falling down may happen if students are running in the hallways. Following the rules can also help students to learn 55 (well) than they don’t. When they grow up and go out by themselves, they soon find that following rules is needed. 五、选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。 Everyone has their good friends, and so do I. Then who is my best friend? Of course, it’s Sue. Although we are best friends, we have many differences. She is much 56 than me. That’s why I always speak 57 than she does. We are interested in different subjects, too. For me, I like math because I think it is 58 than any other subject. But Sue’s English is much 59 than mine because she thinks English sounds beautiful. So, when we do homework together after school, we can help each other. She usually does it 60 than I do. We both feel lucky to be friends and we hope to be friends forever. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$