Unit 1 Cultural Heritage （知识清单）英语人教版2019必修第二册

Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 阅读词汇 1.heritage n. ________（指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色） 2.temple n. ________ 3.relic n. ________ 4.clue n. ________ 5.dam n. ________ 6.committee n. ________ 7.fund n. ________ 8.document n. ________；（计算机）________ vt. ________ 9.republic n. ________ 10.archaeologist n. ________ 11.pyramid n.（古埃及的）； 12.sheet n. 一________（纸）； ________ 13.parade n. ________vi. ________庆祝；________示威 14.mirror n. ________ 15.digital adj. ________；________ 16.image n. ________ 17.cave n. ________ 18.quote vt. ________ 写作词汇 1.________ n. 山峰 vt. 爬上；骑上 vi. 爬；登上 2.________ n. 抗议 vi. & vt. (公开) 反对；抗议 3.________ vt. 阻止；阻碍；阻挠 4.________ n. 部；司；科 5.________ n. 重要议题；争论的问题 vt. 宣布；公布 6.________ n. & vt. 企图；试图；尝试 7.________ adj. 值得做的；值得花时间的 8.________ vt. 下载 n. 下载；已下载的数据资料 9.________ n. 过程；进程；步骤 vt. 处理；加工 10.________ adj. 海外的 adv. 在海外 11.________ n. 出口；通道 vi. & vt. 出去；离去 12.________ n. 顶部；屋顶 13.________ n. 龙 14.________ prep. 各处；遍及；自始至终 15.________ n. 质量；品质；素质；特征 adj. 优质的；高质量的 16.________ adv. (far 的比较级) 更远；进一步 17.________ n. 意见；想法；看法 18.________ n. 对比；对照 vt. 对比；对照 19.________ adv. 永远；长久地 派生词 1.________ adj. 创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的 → ________ adv. 创造性地；有创造力地 → ________ n. 创造力；创造性 → ________ vt. 创造 → ________ n. 创造；创作；作品 2.________ n. 申请 (表); 用途；运用；应用 (程序) → ________ vi. 申请 vt. 应用；使用 → ________ n. 申请人 3.________ n. 提议；建议 → ________ vt. 建议；提议 4.________ adj. 可能的 adv. 可能地 → (反) ________ adj. 不可能的 adv. 不可能地 5.________ n. 限度；限制 vt. 限制；限定 → ________ adj. 有限的 → (反) ________ adj. 无限的 6.________ n. 丧失；损失 → ________ vt. 丢失；丧失；迷路 → ________ adj. 丢失的 7.________ n. 入口；进入 → ________ vi. & vt. 进入 8.________ adj. 历史上著名 (或重要) 的；有史时期的 → ________ n. 历史 → ________ n. 历史学家 → ________ adj. (有关) 历史的；历史上的 9.________ n. 比较；相比 → ________ vt. & vi. 与…… 相比较 10.________ vt. 确认；认出；找到 → ________ n. 身份 → ________ n. 识别；身份证明 短语 1.donate ...to ... 2.lead to 3.make sure 4.turn to 5.take part in 6.work together for a better tomorrow 7.keep balance 8.give way to ；屈服 9.at the entrance to 10.make a proposal 11.prevent ...from ... ；不准 12.be familiar with 熟词生义 1. mount 常见义项：n. 山（如 Mount Tai） 生义：v. 登上；爬上 ▶ 教材语境：mount the platform（登上讲台） ▶ 例句：He mounted the stairs slowly, carrying a heavy box. 2. process 常见义项：n. 过程；步骤 生义：v. 处理；加工 ▶ 教材语境：与文化遗产保护相关的 “process data”（处理数据） ▶ 例句：The company processes old documents to digitize cultural relics. 3. document 常见义项：n. 文件；文献 生义：v. 记录；用文件证明 ▶ 教材用法：document the heritage site（记录遗产地） ▶ 例句：Photographers documented the ancient temple before its restoration. 4. conduct 常见义项：n. 行为；举止 生义：v. 组织；实施；进行 ▶ 教材语境：conduct an investigation（开展调查） ▶ 例句：The committee will conduct a survey on cultural relics protection. 5. issue 常见义项：n. 问题；议题 生义：v. 发布；颁布；发出 ▶ 教材用法：issue a policy（发布政策） ▶ 例句：The government issued a statement to protect cultural heritage. 6. balance 常见义项：n. 平衡 生义：v. 使平衡；权衡 ▶ 教材用法：balance study and rest（平衡学习与休息） ▶ 例句：She balanced the plate on her hand while walking. 7. lead to 常见义项：导致（后接结果） 生义：通向（物理方向） ▶ 教材语境：The path leads to the ancient temple.（小路通向古庙） ▶ 例句：This road leads to the entrance of the heritage site. 8. fund 常见义项：n. 基金；资金 生义：v. 资助；为…… 提供资金 ▶ 教材用法：fund the preservation project（资助保护项目） ▶ 例句：The organization is funded by donations from the public. 9. exit 常见义项：n. 出口 生义：v. 离开；退出 ▶ 教材语境：exit the cave（离开洞穴） ▶ 例句：Visitors are required to exit the heritage site before 5 p.m. 10. mirror 常见义项：n. 镜子 生义：v. 反映；映照 ▶ 教材语境：The film mirrors the history of cultural heritage.（电影反映文化遗产历史） ▶ 例句：Her actions mirror her deep love for traditional culture. 11. quality 常见义项：n. 质量；品质 生义：adj. 优质的；高质量的（较少见，需结合语境） ▶ 教材语境：quality cultural relics（优质文物） ▶ 例句：They use quality materials to restore the ancient building. 句型 · 句型公式1.There comes a time when ...……的时代已经到来 【教材原句】： There comes a time ______ the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. In the digital age, there comes a time ______an increasing number of people acquire knowledge by means of online learning, as ______（show）by the latest survey.（参考 2023 新高考卷语法填空命题形式，考查时态与非谓语） · 句型公式2.not only ... but (also) ...不但……而且…… 【教材原句】： Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, ______ they had learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. As an exchange student, not only ______I adapt myself to the American lifestyle, but I also help them understand Chinese culture better through various activities, ______（include）traditional festivals and calligraphy classes.（参考 2022 全国乙卷语法填空与短文改错结合形式，考查倒装、固定搭配及非谓语） · 句型公式3.neither ... nor ...既不……也不…… 【教材原句】： Neither people ______ buildings last forever, but Chen Lei’s photos can help us remember them. Without learning a lesson from our mistakes, we would neither improve our skills ________reach our goals. This is ______ many educators emphasize the importance of reflection in the learning process.（参考 2021 全国甲卷语法填空与阅读理解长难句分析结合形式，考查固定结构与从句引导词） 语法 定语从句 选用以下方框内的短语填空，使句子意思合理完整。 donate ... to ... , make sure , turn to , take part in , work together for a better tomorrow , keep balance , give way to , at the entrance to , make a proposal , prevent ... from ... , be familiar with 1.It's everyone's responsibility to protect the environment. We should all actively ____________ various environmental protection activities. 2.Although faced with many difficulties, we must not ____________ pressure and should firmly pursue our goals. 3.In daily life, it's important to ____________ between study, work, and rest to avoid over - stress. 4.Excessive use of plastic products will ____________ serious environmental problems, such as soil and water pollution. 5.During the meeting, he stood up and ____________ to improve the company's management efficiency. 6.When you encounter problems in English learning, don't hesitate to ____________ your teachers and classmates for help. 7.Wearing masks can effectively ____________ people ____________ getting infected with some respiratory viruses. 8.The kind - hearted businessman decided to ____________ a large amount of money ____________ the local school to help improve educational facilities. 9.Before you hand in your exam paper, ____________ you have checked all the answers carefully. 10.The guide is waiting for us ____________ the scenic spot. We should hurry up. 11.As a tour guide, you should ____________ the local history, culture, and attractions to provide better service for tourists. 12.Different countries need to ____________ to solve global problems like climate change and poverty. 词形转换语境填空练习 1.With his great ________ (create), the artist produced many amazing ________ (create) that attracted worldwide attention. And he always worked ________ (create) in his studio. 2.The company launched a series of marketing activities to boost the ________ (promote) of its new product, which was expected to ________ (promote) sales significantly. 3.The ________ (apply) filled out the ________ (apply) form carefully, hoping to get the job by ________ (apply) what he learned in college. 4.To keep a ________ (balance) diet, it's important to understand the ________ (balance) between different nutrients. 5.The manager ________ (propose) a new plan at the meeting, and his ________ (proposal) was well-received by the team. 6.It is ________ (likely) that he will win the game, but he still tries his best, while his opponent seems almost ________ (unlikely) to be defeated. 7.Due to the ________ (limit) resources, the company could only achieve ________ (limit) growth this year, far from the ________ (limitless) potential they expected. 8.The ________ (lose) of his pet dog made him very sad. He searched everywhere but still couldn't find the ________ (lose) dog. 9.Every ________ (contribute) to the charity project matters. We all should ________ (contribute) our love and support, and the ________ (contributor) list will be published on the official website. 10.The police are carrying out an ________ (investigate) into the case. They need to ________ (investigate) all the details carefully. 一、知识点精讲  protest n. 抗议；抗议活动；反对 vi.&vt. 抗议；反对；坚决地表示 【教材原句】： The citizens held a protest against the new tax policy.3. (1) - hold a protest 举行抗议活动 (2) - protest against/at/about sth 反对某事；对某事提出抗议 (3) - protest + that从句 坚决表示；断言 - protester n. 抗议者 (2021 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) The workers protested loudly about the poor working conditions. (2019 年江苏卷改编) The local farmers protested against the construction of the chemical plant, worrying about pollution. (2017 年天津卷改编) The students protested that the school's new regulations were too strict and restricted their freedom. 写作佳句：​ The local residents organized a protest to oppose the construction of the factory.（当地居民组织了一场抗议活动以反对建造这座工厂。） She protested that she had nothing to do with the incident.（她坚决表示自己与该事件无关。） 单句语法填空 The angry crowd decided to ______ (举行抗议活动) against the unfair decision. They ______ (抗议) about the noise pollution caused by the nearby construction site. The ______ (抗议者) gathered in front of the city hall, demanding better environmental protection.  preserve vt. 保护；保存；维持 n. 保护区​ 【教材原句】： We should take measures to preserve the ancient buildings from being damaged by natural disasters. (1)preserve ...from ... 保护…… 免受……​ (2)preserve sth 保存 / 保护某物​ (3)preservation n. 保护；保存 (2022 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) The organization is working hard to preserve the endangered languages around the world.​ (2020 年全国卷 Ⅱ 改编) The government has been making efforts to preserve the historical sites from being destroyed by urban development. (2018 年北京卷改编) Scientists are researching new ways to preserve the valuable fossils for future study. 写作佳句：​ The local community has made great efforts to preserve the traditional customs passed down from their ancestors.（当地社区付出巨大努力保护从祖先那里传承下来的传统习俗。）​ Scientists are researching new methods to preserve historical documents for a longer time.（科学家们正在研究新方法，以更长久地保存历史文献。）​ 单句语法填空 We must ______ (保护) these old trees ______ (免受) strong winds. The museum uses special techniques to ______ (保存) the ancient paintings. The nature ______ (保护区) provides a safe home for many rare animals. attempt n.& vt. 企图；试图；尝试 【教材原句】： The rescue team made an attempt at rescuing the trapped miners, but the situation was too dangerous. (1)attempt to do/at doing ...　尝试(试图)做…… (2)make an attempt to do/at doing ... 尝试做…… at the first attempt 第一次尝试 (3)attempted adj. 未遂的 (2018 年全国卷 Ⅲ) He attempted to escape from the prison, but he couldn't find anyone to help him. (2021 年浙江卷改编) The researchers attempted to develop a new drug to treat the rare disease, but faced many challenges. (2016 年天津卷改编) She made an attempt at singing in public for the first time and was nervous at first. 写作佳句：​ The local government made an attempt to preserve the ancient cultural relics through advanced restoration techniques.（地方政府尝试通过先进的修复技术保护古代文物。） They attempted at promoting cultural exchange by organizing international art exhibitions.（他们试图通过组织国际艺术展览来促进文化交流。） 单句语法填空 The climbers will ______ (试图) to reach the top of the mountain tomorrow. He made several ______ (尝试) to solve the difficult math problem. The ______ (未遂的) robbery was quickly stopped by the police. proposal n. 提议；建议；提案​ 【教材原句】： The committee discussed a proposal for improving the local transportation system.​ (1)make a proposal 提出建议​ (2)proposal for/of ... …… 的提议​ (3)propose v. 提议；建议；求婚 (2021 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) Her proposal to set up a cultural exchange program was well - received by the school board.​ (2019 年全国卷 Ⅰ 改编) The manager considered the proposal put forward by the employees to increase the salary. (2017 年江苏卷改编) The proposal that we should start the project as soon as possible was accepted by most members. 写作佳句：The government put forward a proposal to increase investment in cultural heritage protection.（政府提出增加对文化遗产保护投资的提议。）​ His proposal on how to reduce pollution provided a new perspective for the research.（他关于如何减少污染的提议为这项研究提供了新视角。）​ 单句语法填空 They made a ______ (提议) to build a new park in the neighborhood. The ______ (提案) about education reform will be discussed at the meeting. She ______ (提议) that we go on a picnic this weekend. conduct n. 行为；举止；管理方法 vt. 组织；实施；进行；指挥​ 【教材原句】： The professor is going to conduct a research on ancient cultures.​ (1)conduct an experiment/a survey 进行实验 / 调查​ (2)conduct oneself 表现​ (3)conduct n. 行为；品行；vt. 引导；管理；指挥​ (4)conductor n. 指挥；售票员；导体 (2023 年全国甲卷改编) The students' conduct in the library should comply with the rules.​ (2022 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) The company conducted a survey to find out customers' satisfaction with its products. (2020 年全国卷 Ⅲ 改编) The orchestra conductor is famous for his excellent way of conducting the symphony. 写作佳句：The school will conduct a series of activities to celebrate the 100th anniversary.（学校将开展一系列活动庆祝建校 100 周年。）​ His conduct during the competition won him respect from his teammates.（他在比赛中的表现为他赢得了队友的尊重。）​ 单句语法填空 We need to ______ (进行) a study on the effects of this new policy. His ______ (行为) at the party was not appropriate. The ______ (指挥) led the orchestra to play a beautiful piece of music. contribute vi.& vt. 捐献；捐助；贡献；投稿​ 【教材原句】： Everyone should contribute some ideas to the discussion.​ (1)contribute ...to ... 把…… 贡献给……​ (2)contribute to 有助于；导致；捐款；投稿​ (3)contribution n. 贡献；捐献；投稿 (2018 年全国卷 Ⅰ 改编) Regular exercise contributes to good health.​ (2023 年全国乙卷改编) Many volunteers contribute their time and energy to helping the poor in the community. (2021 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) Her research has contributed significantly to the development of new materials. 写作佳句：Many volunteers contribute their time and energy to protecting wild animals.（许多志愿者贡献他们的时间和精力来保护野生动物。）​ Her research has contributed significantly to the field of medicine.（她的研究对医学领域做出了重大贡献。）​ 单句语法填空 We should ______ (贡献) our knowledge and skills ______ (给) the development of our country. Your advice will ______ (有助于) solving the problem. His ______ (贡献) to the project was very important. contrast n. 对比；对照 vt.& vi. 对比；对照​ 【教材原句】： In this painting, the artist uses a contrast between light and dark.​ (1)in contrast 相比之下​ (2)in contrast to/with ... 与…… 形成对比​ (3)contrast ...with ... 把…… 与…… 对比 (2020 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) Contrast the two methods, and you will find which one is more effective.​ (2019 年北京卷改编) In contrast with his brother, he is more outgoing and active. (2017 年天津卷改编) The report contrasts the different economic situations of the two countries. 写作佳句：In contrast to last year, this year's sales have increased by 30%.（与去年相比，今年的销售额增长了 30%。）​ Contrast the traditional teaching method with the modern one, and analyze their advantages and disadvantages.（将传统教学方法与现代教学方法进行对比，分析它们的优缺点。）​ 单句语法填空 ______ (相比之下), the new model is more energy - efficient. You should ______ (对比) these two pictures carefully to find the differences. Her white dress made a sharp ______ (对照) against the dark background. comparison n. 比较；对照；比喻​ 【教材原句】： A comparison of the two products shows their different features.​ (1)by comparison 相比之下​ (2)in comparison with ... 与…… 相比较​ (3)compare vt. 比较；对照；比喻；vi. 相比​ (2017 年全国卷 Ⅲ 改编) By comparison, we can better understand the differences between cultures.​ (2021 年浙江卷改编) In comparison with other candidates, she has more work experience. (2019 年江苏卷改编) A careful comparison of the data reveals some important trends. 写作佳句：In comparison with other cities, this city has a lower cost of living.（与其他城市相比，这座城市的生活成本更低。） A careful comparison of the data revealed some interesting patterns.（对数据进行仔细比较后，发现了一些有趣的规律。）​ 单句语法填空 ______ (通过比较), we can see that his performance has improved a lot. The ______ (比较) of the two books shows that they have different writing styles. ______ (与…… 相比较) last month, the sales volume this month has decreased. process n. 过程；进程；步骤 vt. 加工；处理​ 【教材原句】： The manufacturing process of this product is very complex.​ (2021 年全国乙卷改编) The information should be processed accurately to ensure its reliability.​ (2023 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) We are in the process of improving our marketing strategy. (2020 年天津卷改编) The factory processes raw materials into high - quality products. (1) in the process of ... 在…… 的过程中​ (2) process of doing sth 做某事的过程​ (3) process data/materials 处理数据 / 加工材料​ 写作佳句：We learned a lot in the process of working on this project.（在参与这个项目的过程中，我们学到了很多。）​ The factory processes raw materials into finished products.（这家工厂把原材料加工成成品。） 单句语法填空 The company is ______ (在…… 的过程中) developing a new product. The ______ (过程) of making bread is quite complicated. They use advanced technology to ______ (加工) the agricultural products. not only ...but also ... 不但…… 而且……, 连接并列成分 【教材原句】： Not only the students but also the teacher was deeply attracted by the beauty of the Mogao Caves. (2019 年全国卷 Ⅰ 改编) Reading classic works can not only broaden our horizons but also enrich our inner world. (2021 年全国甲卷改编) The Internet not only provides us with convenient communication but also makes our life more colorful. (2022 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) The art exhibition not only displayed traditional handicrafts but also introduced modern creative designs. (2023 年全国乙卷改编) Not only does regular exercise improve physical health but also it enhances mental well - being. (2020 年浙江卷改编) She not only won the first prize in the competition but also broke the previous record. (1) 用于连接两个并列成分，着重强调后者，其中 also 有时可以省略。 (2) 若连接两个句子，且 not only 置于句首时，not only 所在的句子要用部分倒装。 (3) 若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与就近的主语保持一致。 写作佳句：​ Cultural heritage protection is not only about safeguarding historical sites but also about passing on cultural values to future generations.（文化遗产保护不仅是保护历史遗迹，也是将文化价值传递给后代。） Not only should we learn from the past through cultural relics, but we also need to use modern technology to protect them better.（我们不仅应该通过文物学习历史，还需要利用现代技术更好地保护它们。） 单句语法填空 The new museum ______ showcases rare artifacts ______ offers interactive educational programs.（不仅…… 而且……） ______ did she finish her project ahead of time ______ she achieved excellent results.（不仅…… 而且……，倒装） ______ students ______ teachers are welcome to participate in the cultural exchange event.（不仅…… 而且……） prevent ...from ... 阻止；不准 【教材原句】： The government has taken measures to prevent the ancient temples from damage by tourists. (2022 年全国乙卷改编) Measures must be taken to prevent the rivers from being polluted. (2017 年全国卷 Ⅱ 改编) Nothing can prevent us from achieving our goals if we have strong determination. (2023 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) Special guards were hired to prevent the precious artifacts from theft. (2018 年全国卷 Ⅲ 改编) We should plant more trees to prevent the soil from being washed away. (2021 年北京卷改编) Strict rules are set to prevent visitors from touching the exhibits. (1) prevent ...from ...阻止…… 做…… (2) protect ...from/against ... 保护…… 免受…… 写作佳句：​ Strict regulations can prevent illegal activities from destroying valuable cultural heritage.（严格的法规可以防止非法活动破坏珍贵的文化遗产。） We should raise public awareness to prevent future generations from losing their cultural roots.（我们应该提高公众意识，防止子孙后代失去他们的文化根源。） 单句语法填空 The security system is designed to ______ unauthorized access ______ the historical archives.（阻止…… 进入） Wearing masks can ______ people ______ getting infected.（防止…… 感染） The local community is taking steps to ______ the traditional festival ______ fading away.（防止…… 消失） balance n. 平衡；均匀 vt. 使平衡 【教材原句】： We should keep a balance between economic development and environmental protection. (2016 年全国卷 Ⅲ 改编) It is important to balance study and relaxation to improve learning efficiency. (2018 年全国卷 Ⅱ 改编) To keep healthy, we should keep a balance between diet and exercise. (2015 年全国卷 Ⅰ 改编) When walking on the tightrope, the acrobat tried his best to keep his balance. (2023 年全国甲卷改编) The government aims to balance the distribution of resources among different regions. (2022 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) A skilled chef knows how to balance different flavors in a dish. (2021 年浙江卷改编) We need to balance the advantages and disadvantages of new technology. (1)keep one’s balance　保持平衡 lose one’s balance 失去平衡 keep a balance between A and B 在A与B之间保持平衡 (2)balance ...against 权衡,比较 (3)balanced adj. 平衡的;均衡的 keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食 写作佳句：​ We need to balance the exploitation of cultural resources and their long - term preservation.（我们需要平衡文化资源的开发与长期保护。） A balanced approach to cultural heritage management can ensure sustainable development of local communities.（文化遗产管理的平衡方法可以确保当地社区的可持续发展。） We need to balance economic development against environmental protection to ensure sustainable growth.（我们需要权衡经济发展与环境保护，以确保可持续增长。） Doing yoga regularly helps people keep their balance both physically and mentally.（定期做瑜伽帮助人们在身体和精神上保持平衡。） 单句语法填空 It's essential to ______ work and leisure to avoid burnout.（使平衡） The ______ between modernization and cultural preservation is a key issue.（平衡） Eating a ______ diet is important for good health.（均衡的） likely adj. 可能的 adv. 可能地 【教材原句】： It is likely that the ancient city will be damaged if no effective protection measures are taken. (2020 年全国卷 Ⅰ 改编) The young athlete is likely to win the championship with his excellent performance. (2019 年全国卷 Ⅱ 改编) If no action is taken, the cultural site is likely to disappear. (2022 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) With the development of technology, it is likely that virtual reality will be widely used in cultural heritage protection. (2023 年全国乙卷改编) It is likely that more people will choose online learning in the future. (2021 年全国甲卷改编) The team is likely to succeed in the competition due to their hard training. (2020 年山东卷改编) Without proper care, the plants are likely to die in the drought. (1)sb/sth be likely to do sth ＝it’s likely that ...　　做某事是可能的 (2)sb/sth be unlikely to do sth ＝it’s unlikely that ... 做某事是不可能的 (3)it is probable/possible that ...　有可能…… 写作佳句：​ It is likely that climate change will pose a greater threat to coastal cultural heritage sites in the future.（气候变化未来很可能对沿海文化遗产遗址构成更大威胁。） Without proper protection, these ancient villages are likely to disappear within a few decades.（如果没有适当保护，这些古村落很可能在几十年内消失。） 单句语法填空 It ______ rain tomorrow, so remember to bring an umbrella.（可能） The old bridge is ______ to collapse if not repaired soon.（可能） ______ that the cultural event will attract a large audience.（很可能） turn to 向…… 求助；致力于；翻到 (书的某页); 查阅；转向；从事于 【教材原句】： When the experts couldn't solve the problem of heritage protection, they turned to the local people for advice.（求助于） (2017 年全国卷 Ⅲ 改编) After graduation, she turned to teaching and dedicated herself to educating students.（开始从事） (2016 年全国卷 Ⅱ 改编) Please turn to page 50 and read the passage about cultural relics.（翻到） (2021 年全国乙卷改编) The plan turned out to be a great success in promoting cultural exchange. (2023 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) When in trouble, don't hesitate to turn to your teachers for help. (2022 年全国甲卷改编) Many farmers turned to eco - tourism to increase their income. (2020 年天津卷改编) He turned to the dictionary to find the meaning of the new word. turn down关小;拒绝 turn away 拒绝……入内 turn up 出现;露面;调大 turn out 证明是;结果是;生产 turn over 打翻;翻身;移交 turn off 关掉 写作佳句：​ When faced with difficulties in cultural heritage restoration, the research team turned to traditional craftsmanship for inspiration.（当文化遗产修复遇到困难时，研究团队求助于传统工艺以获取灵感。） Many artists turn to cultural heritage for creative resources, giving new life to ancient art forms.（许多艺术家致力于从文化遗产中获取创作资源，赋予古老艺术形式新的生命。） 单句语法填空 If you have questions about grammar, ______ your grammar book.（查阅） After the failure of his business, he ______ painting to express his feelings.（致力于） When the power went out, we ______ candles for light.（转向使用） contribution n. 捐献；贡献；捐赠 【教材原句】： Everyone should make a contribution to protecting our cultural heritage. (1)make contributions/a contribution to对……作出贡献;捐款 (2)contribute vi.& vt. 捐献;捐助;贡献;投稿 contribute ...to ... 把……贡献给…… contribute to 有助于;导致;捐款;投稿 (2018 年全国卷 Ⅰ 改编) Regular exercise contributes to better health and a stronger body.（有助于） (2023 年全国甲卷改编) We should encourage more people to make contributions to the protection of cultural heritage. (2020 年全国卷 Ⅲ 改编) Her contribution to the research on cultural heritage was highly praised by the academic community. (2022 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) The scientist's contribution to environmental protection is widely recognized. (2021 年浙江卷改编) Volunteers make great contributions to community service during festivals. (2019 年江苏卷改编) His financial contribution enabled the project to be completed on time. 写作佳句：​ Each individual's contribution is vital in the long - term preservation of cultural heritage.（每个人的贡献在文化遗产的长期保护中都至关重要。） The local community's contributions to restoring the old temple brought it back to its former glory.（当地社区对修复古庙的贡献使其重现昔日辉煌。） 单句语法填空 Her ______ to the project were so significant that she was awarded a medal.（贡献） We should ______ some money ______ the charity to help preserve historical sites.（捐赠…… 给） Regular exercise ______ to both physical and mental well - being.（有助于） limit n. 限度；限制 vt. 限制；限定 【教材原句】： We should set a limit to the number of tourists visiting the cultural heritage site to protect it. (1)limit ...to ...　 把……限制在……内 (2)set a limit to sth 对某事规定限度 there is no limit to ... 对……是无限的 (3)limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无限的 (2015 年全国卷 Ⅱ 改编) The company limited the employees' working hours to 8 hours a day to improve work efficiency. (2019 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) Our time is limited, so we should make the most of every minute. (2023 年全国乙卷改编) The government limits the use of plastic bags to reduce pollution. (2022 年全国甲卷改编) There is a limit to the amount of data the system can process. (2021 年北京卷改编) We need to limit our expenses to save money for future plans. 写作佳句：​ There should be a limit to the commercial development around cultural heritage areas to maintain their authenticity.（在文化遗产区域周边的商业开发应该有限度，以保持其原真性。） We must limit the use of harmful chemicals in cultural relic restoration to avoid further damage.（我们必须限制文物修复中有害化学物质的使用，以避免进一步损坏。） 单句语法填空 The teacher ______ the students' essay length ______ 1000 words.（限制…… 到） There is a ______ to what one person can achieve alone.（限度） Our budget is ______, so we need to spend wisely.（有限的） lead to 导致 【教材原句】： The lack of proper protection led to the ancient mural being damaged seriously. lead sb to do ... 使某人做…… lead sb to ... 引导某人到…… lead the way 带路 lead a(n) ...life 过着……的生活 lead sb by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走 写作佳句：​ Uncontrolled tourism may lead to the destruction of fragile cultural heritage sites.（不受控制的旅游业可能导致脆弱的文化遗产遗址遭到破坏。） (2016 年全国卷 Ⅰ 改编) Good communication skills can lead to better relationships with others. (2018 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) Bad living habits can lead to various health problems. (2022 年全国甲卷改编) His hard work led to his success in the field of cultural heritage research. (2023 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) Heavy rain may lead to flooding in low - lying areas. (2021 年全国乙卷改编) Ignoring safety regulations can lead to serious accidents. (2020 年山东卷改编) The new policy led to an increase in employment opportunities. The discovery of new historical documents led to a deeper understanding of the local cultural heritage.（新历史文献的发现使人们对当地文化遗产有了更深入的了解。） 单句语法填空 Cutting down too many trees will ______ soil erosion and environmental problems.（导致） His curiosity ______ him ______ explore the ancient ruins.（使…… 去） The new technology ______ a significant improvement in production efficiency.（导致） Unit1 Cultural Heritage 课文综合语法填空练习 From Problems to Solutions Cultural relics are objects and buildings 1.________ (belong) to a particular culture, which often have a long history and great significance. However, they are frequently faced with various problems. Take the Amber Room as an example. It was a 2.________ (wonder) work that took the best artists about ten years 3.________ (make). The room 4.________ (original) designed for the palace of Frederick I was decorated with gold and jewels. Later, it was given to Peter the Great as a gift. The Czar then had the Amber Room 5.________ (move) to a palace outside St Petersburg where it served as a small reception hall for important visitors. During World War II, the Nazi Germany was 6.________ war with Russia. In 1941, the Nazis secretly stole the Amber Room. There is no doubt 7.________ the room was taken apart and put on a train for Königsberg. After that, what 8.________ (happen) to the Amber Room remains a mystery. Another example is the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, China. These caves, 9.________ (contain) priceless artworks, have been damaged by natural forces and human activities over time. To protect them, the Chinese government has taken a series of measures. Scientists and experts are working hard 10.________ (find) ways to preserve these precious cultural relics. They use advanced technology to study the materials of the artworks and develop suitable conservation methods. In conclusion, cultural relics are important symbols of human civilization. We should take 11.________ (responsible) to protect them. By doing so, we can pass on our rich cultural heritage to future generations and ensure that these valuable treasures 12.________ (preserve) for years to come. 二、语法清单 定语从句 【感知·语法规律】 教材原文感知 1.“There comes a time when the old must give way to the new” 先行词为 “time”，表示时间，关系词 “when” 在从句中作时间状语。 2.“The project, which was led by the local government, aimed to protect the ancient temple.” 先行词为 “project”，关系词 “which” 在从句中作主语，引导非限制性定语从句，对 “project” 进行补充说明。 3.“The scientists who were responsible for the research made great contributions.” （必修二 Unit1 改写） 先行词为 “scientists”，指人，关系词 “who” 在从句中作主语。 高考真题感知 1.（2024 年全国卷）The city ______ I grew up is very beautiful. A. which B. where C. that D. when 2.（2023 年新高考卷）The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 3.（2022 年全国乙卷）（语法填空）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government ______ (start) a soil - testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 4.（2021 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷）The study suggests that the cultures we grow up ______ influence the basic processes by which we see world around us. 5.（2020 年江苏卷）The number of people ______ have access to their own cars has increased sharply in the past decade. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 6.（2019 年全国卷 III）They reached the top of the mountain, from ______ they could see the whole city. A. that B. which C. where D. whom 【精讲·语法知识】 关系代词的用法 1.that：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 例句：The girl that is singing on the stage is my sister.（作主语） 例句：The book (that) I borrowed from the library is very useful.（作宾语） 2.which：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 例句：The building which stands near the river is our school.（作主语） 例句：The pen (which) he lost yesterday was a birthday gift.（作宾语） 3.who：指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 例句：The man who is talking to our teacher is my father.（作主语） 例句：The person (who) we met at the party was very friendly.（作宾语） 4.whom：指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用 who 或 that 代替。 例句：The woman whom we helped just now is a famous singer.（作宾语） 5.whose：既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。 例句：The boy whose hair is brown is from America.（指人） 例句：The house whose windows face south is very bright.（指物） 关系副词的用法 1.when：引导定语从句时，先行词是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 2.where：引导定语从句时，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。 例句：This is the place where we had a picnic last week. 3.why：引导定语从句时，先行词常常为 reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。 例句：The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the bus. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1.限制性定语从句：与先行词关系紧密，对先行词起修饰限定作用，若去掉从句，主句意思不完整或失去意义。不用逗号与先行词隔开。 例句：The students who work hard will get good grades. 2.非限制性定语从句：与先行词关系松散，是对先行词的附加说明，去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整。用逗号与先行词隔开。不能用 that 引导，关系词不可省略。 例句：My mother, who is a teacher, likes reading. 以下是通过同一基础句子，分别使用限制性和非限制性定语从句导致语义差异的典型例子： 例 1： The students who failed the exam must retake it." →限制性：（那些没通过考试的学生必须补考。）限定特定学生群体，其他学生无需补考。 "The students, who failed the exam, must retake it." → 非限制性：（学生们没通过考试，必须补考。）所有学生都没通过，全体补考。 例 2： "I like books that challenge my perspective." → 限制性：（我喜欢能挑战我观点的书。）只喜欢特定类型的书，而非全部。 "I like books, which challenge my perspective." →非限制性：（我喜欢书，它们能挑战我的观点。）喜欢所有书，并补充说明书的共性。 　 单句填空（含复杂结构与特殊用法）​ 1.The man ______ you think is reliable turned out to be a fraud.​ 2.This is the reason ______ he gave for his absence, ______ sounds unconvincing.​ 3.The day will come soon ______ we will use the new energy vehicle ______ is invented by our company.​ 4.She is the only one of the students who______ able to answer this question which ______ (be) about ancient history.​ 5.The house, the windows of ______ face the south, belongs to a famous writer ______ has written many popular novels.​ 单句改错（含多重错误与易混点）​ 1.The woman who her daughter is in my class is a doctor working in a big hospital.​ 2.I still remember the days when we spent together in the countryside last year.​ 3.The factory where we visited yesterday produces electronic products that exports to Europe.​ 4.He is the student whose the composition won the first prize in the competition held last week.​ 5.The reason why he explained at the meeting for his mistake made all of us angry.​ 翻译句子（含长难句与高级表达）​ 1.那个在会议上提出保护文化遗产建议的专家，其观点得到了政府的高度认可。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2.我们正在寻找一个既有丰富教学经验又能与学生良好沟通的老师。 ___________________________________________________________________________​ 3.她向我们展示了她在国外旅行时拍的所有照片，其中大部分都充满了异国风情。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 4.我永远不会忘记我在英国学习的那段时间，在那时我交到了很多志同道合的朋友。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 5.他创作的这部小说，不仅讲述了一个感人的故事，还反映了社会的种种问题。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 与本单元文化遗产相关的写作，常见体裁有书信、报道、演讲稿等。写作时要明确写作对象与目的，语言需准确清晰，有条理地阐述观点或描述事件。具体结构可参考： 1.开头：引出文化遗产相关话题，如点明写信目的是关于文化遗产保护建议，或介绍报道、演讲的主题是某文化遗产活动等。 2.主体：详细阐述与文化遗产相关的内容，如文化遗产的重要性、面临的问题、保护措施，或者具体文化遗产活动的过程、参与人员、展示内容等。 3.结尾：总结全文，呼吁行动（如呼吁保护文化遗产），或对活动进行评价（如活动的意义与影响）。 【积累·写作素材】 常用句式 1.开头常用语 (1)I am honored to write this letter/article/speech regarding the topic of cultural heritage... 我很荣幸就文化遗产这一主题写这封信 / 文章 / 演讲稿…… (2)Recently, our school/community has carried out an activity with the theme of “Protecting Cultural Heritage”. 最近，我们学校 / 社区开展了一项以 “保护文化遗产” 为主题的活动。 2.主体部分常用语 (1)Cultural heritage, which represents the wisdom and history of our ancestors, plays a crucial role in our society. 文化遗产代表着我们祖先的智慧和历史，在我们社会中起着至关重要的作用。 (2)However, nowadays, many cultural heritages are facing the threat of being damaged/destroyed due to various reasons. 然而，如今许多文化遗产由于各种原因正面临被破坏的威胁。 (3)To protect cultural heritage, we can take the following measures. 为了保护文化遗产，我们可以采取以下措施。 3.结尾常用语 (1)In conclusion, it is our responsibility to protect and preserve our precious cultural heritage for future generations. 总之，为了后代，保护和保存我们珍贵的文化遗产是我们的责任。 (2)Let's take action now and make a contribution to the protection of cultural heritage. 让我们现在就行动起来，为文化遗产保护做出贡献。 相关词汇 cultural heritage 文化遗产 cultural relics 文物 traditional culture 传统文化 intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产 protect 保护 preserve 保存 promote 促进；弘扬 awareness 意识 threaten 威胁 damage 破坏 measure 措施 contribute 贡献 generation 一代 【示例·分步写作】 假设你是李华，你校举办了一场关于 “文化遗产保护” 的讲座，请你给你的笔友 Tom 写一封信，介绍此次讲座的相关情况。内容包括： 1.讲座的时间、地点和主讲人； 2.讲座的主要内容； 3.你参加讲座后的感受。 注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tom, How is everything going? I am writing to tell you about a wonderful lecture on “Cultural Heritage Protection” held in our school. 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 书信 人称 以第一、三人称为主 时态 主要时态应用一般过去时（介绍讲座情况），一般现在时（表达感受） 框架 第一段：开篇问候并引出写信目的，提及讲座。 第二段：详细介绍讲座的时间、地点、主讲人以及主要内容。 第三段：阐述自己参加讲座后的感受。 第二步：要点翻译 1.上周三下午，一场关于 “文化遗产保护” 的讲座在学校礼堂举行。(hold) Last Wednesday afternoon, a lecture on “Cultural Heritage Protection”____________________ in the school auditorium. 2.著名的文化遗产专家李教授担任主讲人。(serve as) Professor Li, a famous expert on cultural heritage, ____________________ the lecturer. 3.他介绍了一些中国著名文化遗产的现状。(present situation) He introduced the ____________________ some famous Chinese cultural heritages. 4.他还强调了保护文化遗产的重要性。(stress) He also ____________________ protecting cultural heritage. 5.我从讲座中学到了很多，并且意识到保护文化遗产是我们每个人的责任。(realize) I learned a lot from the lecture and ____________________ it is everyone's responsibility to protect cultural heritage. 第三步：词句升级 1.用非谓语动词作后置定语合并句 1 和句 2 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.用 not only...but also... 结构合并句 3 和句 4 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第四步：连句成篇 Dear Tom, How is everything going? I am writing to tell you about a wonderful lecture on “Cultural Heritage Protection” held in our school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Hua 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 阅读词汇 1.heritage n. 遗产(指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色) 2.temple n. 庙;寺 3.relic n. 遗物;遗迹 4.clue n. 线索;提示 5.dam n. 水坝;拦河坝 6.committee n. 委员会 7.fund n. 基金;专款 8.document n. 文件;公文;(计算机)文档vt. 记录;记载(详情) 9.republic n.共和国 10.archaeologist n. 考古学家  11.pyramid n. (古埃及的)金字塔;棱锥体  12.sheet n. 一张(纸);床单;被单  13.parade n. 游行;检阅   vi. 游行庆祝;游行示威 14.mirror n. 镜子  15.digital adj. 数码的;数字显示的  16.image n. 形象;印象  17.cave n. 山洞;洞穴  18.quote vt. 引用  写作词汇 1.mount n.山峰vt.爬上;骑上vi.爬;登上 2.protest n.抗议 vi.& vt.(公开)反对;抗议 3.prevent vt.阻止;阻碍;阻挠 4.department n.部;司;科 5.issue n.重要议题;争论的问题vt.宣布;公布 6.attempt n.& vt.企图;试图;尝试 7.worthwhile adj.值得做的;值得花时间的 8.download vt.下载 n.下载;已下载的数据资料 9.process n.过程;进程;步骤vt.处理;加工 10.overseas adj.海外的adv.在海外 11.exit n.出口;通道 vi.& vt.出去;离去 12.roof n.顶部;屋顶 13.dragon n.龙 14.throughout prep.各处;遍及;自始至终  15.quality n.质量;品质;素质;特征 adj.优质的;高质量的  16.further adv.(far的比较级)更远;进一步  17.opinion n.意见;想法;看法 18.contrast n.对比;对照 vt.对比;对照 19.forever adv.永远;长久地 派生词 1.creative adj.创造性的;有创造力的;有创意的→creatively adv.创造性地;有创造力地→creativity n.创造力;创造性→create vt.创造→creation n.创造;创作;作品 2.application n.申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序)→apply vi.申请vt.应用;使用→applicant n.申请人 3.proposal n.提议;建议→propose vt.建议;提议 4.likely adj.可能的adv.可能地→(反) unlikely adj.不可能的adv.不可能地 5.limit n.限度;限制vt.限制;限定→limited adj.有限的→(反) limitless adj.无限的 6.loss n.丧失;损失→lose vt.丢失;丧失;迷路→lost adj.丢失的 7.entrance n.入口;进入→enter vi.& vt.进入  8.historic adj.历史上著名(或重要)的;有史时期的→history n.历史→historian n.历史学家→historical adj.(有关)历史的;历史上的  9.comparison n.比较;相比→compare vt.& vi.与……相比较 10.identify vt.确认;认出;找到→identity n.身份→identification n.识别;身份证明 短语 1.donate ...to ... 向…… 捐赠…… 2.make sure 确保；设法保证 3.turn to 向…… 求助 4.take part in 参与 (某事)；参加 (某活动) 5.work together for a better tomorrow 共同合作创造美好未来 6.keep balance 保持平衡 7.give way to 让步；屈服 8.at the entrance to 在…… 入口处 9.make a proposal 提出建议 10.prevent ...from ... 阻止；不准 11.be familiar with 熟悉 熟词生义 1. mount 常见义项：n. 山（如 Mount Tai） 生义：v. 登上；爬上 ▶ 教材语境：mount the platform（登上讲台） ▶ 例句：He mounted the stairs slowly, carrying a heavy box. 2. process 常见义项：n. 过程；步骤 生义：v. 处理；加工 ▶ 教材语境：与文化遗产保护相关的 “process data”（处理数据） ▶ 例句：The company processes old documents to digitize cultural relics. 3. document 常见义项：n. 文件；文献 生义：v. 记录；用文件证明 ▶ 教材用法：document the heritage site（记录遗产地） ▶ 例句：Photographers documented the ancient temple before its restoration. 4. conduct 常见义项：n. 行为；举止 生义：v. 组织；实施；进行 ▶ 教材语境：conduct an investigation（开展调查） ▶ 例句：The committee will conduct a survey on cultural relics protection. 5. issue 常见义项：n. 问题；议题 生义：v. 发布；颁布；发出 ▶ 教材用法：issue a policy（发布政策） ▶ 例句：The government issued a statement to protect cultural heritage. 6. balance 常见义项：n. 平衡 生义：v. 使平衡；权衡 ▶ 教材用法：balance study and rest（平衡学习与休息） ▶ 例句：She balanced the plate on her hand while walking. 7. lead to 常见义项：导致（后接结果） 生义：通向（物理方向） ▶ 教材语境：The path leads to the ancient temple.（小路通向古庙） ▶ 例句：This road leads to the entrance of the heritage site. 8. fund 常见义项：n. 基金；资金 生义：v. 资助；为…… 提供资金 ▶ 教材用法：fund the preservation project（资助保护项目） ▶ 例句：The organization is funded by donations from the public. 9. exit 常见义项：n. 出口 生义：v. 离开；退出 ▶ 教材语境：exit the cave（离开洞穴） ▶ 例句：Visitors are required to exit the heritage site before 5 p.m. 10. mirror 常见义项：n. 镜子 生义：v. 反映；映照 ▶ 教材语境：The film mirrors the history of cultural heritage.（电影反映文化遗产历史） ▶ 例句：Her actions mirror her deep love for traditional culture. 11. quality 常见义项：n. 质量；品质 生义：adj. 优质的；高质量的（较少见，需结合语境） ▶ 教材语境：quality cultural relics（优质文物） ▶ 例句：They use quality materials to restore the ancient building. 句型 · 句型公式1.There comes a time when ...……的时代已经到来 【教材原句】： There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. In the digital age, there comes a time when an increasing number of people acquire knowledge by means of online learning, as shown（show）by the latest survey. · 句型公式2.not only ... but (also) ...不但……而且…… 【教材原句】： Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. As an exchange student, not only will I adapt myself to the American lifestyle, but I also help them understand Chinese culture better through various activities, including（include）traditional festivals and calligraphy classes. · 句型公式3.neither ... nor ...既不……也不…… 【教材原句】： Neither people nor buildings last forever, but Chen Lei’s photos can help us remember them. Without learning a lesson from our mistakes, we would neither improve our skills nor reach our goals. This is why many educators emphasize the importance of reflection in the learning process. 语法 定语从句 一、选用以下方框内的短语填空，使句子意思合理完整。 donate ... to ... , make sure , turn to , take part in , work together for a better tomorrow , keep balance , give way to , at the entrance to , make a proposal , prevent ... from ... , be familiar with 1.It's everyone's responsibility to protect the environment. We should all actively __________ various environmental protection activities. 2.Although faced with many difficulties, we must not __________ pressure and should firmly pursue our goals. 3.In daily life, it's important to __________ between study, work, and rest to avoid over - stress. 4.Excessive use of plastic products will __________ serious environmental problems, such as soil and water pollution. 5.During the meeting, he stood up and __________ to improve the company's management efficiency. 6.When you encounter problems in English learning, don't hesitate to __________ your teachers and classmates for help. 7.Wearing masks can effectively __________ people __________ getting infected with some respiratory viruses. 8.The kind - hearted businessman decided to __________ a large amount of money __________ the local school to help improve educational facilities. 9.Before you hand in your exam paper, __________ you have checked all the answers carefully. 10.The guide is waiting for us __________ the scenic spot. We should hurry up. 11.As a tour guide, you should __________ the local history, culture, and attractions to provide better service for tourists. 12.Different countries need to __________ to solve global problems like climate change and poverty. 【答案】 1. take part in 2. give way to 3. keep balance 4. lead to 5. made a proposal 6. turn to 7. prevent from 8. donate to 9. make sure 10. at the entrance to 11. be familiar with 12. work together for a better tomorrow 二、词形转换语境填空练习 1.With his great ________ (create), the artist produced many amazing ________ (create) that attracted worldwide attention. And he always worked ________ (create) in his studio. 2.The company launched a series of marketing activities to boost the ________ (promote) of its new product, which was expected to ________ (promote) sales significantly. 3.The ________ (apply) filled out the ________ (apply) form carefully, hoping to get the job by ________ (apply) what he learned in college. 4.To keep a ________ (balance) diet, it's important to understand the ________ (balance) between different nutrients. 5.The manager ________ (propose) a new plan at the meeting, and his ________ (proposal) was well-received by the team. 6.It is ________ (likely) that he will win the game, but he still tries his best, while his opponent seems almost ________ (unlikely) to be defeated. 7.Due to the ________ (limit) resources, the company could only achieve ________ (limit) growth this year, far from the ________ (limitless) potential they expected. 8.The ________ (lose) of his pet dog made him very sad. He searched everywhere but still couldn't find the ________ (lose) dog. 9.Every ________ (contribute) to the charity project matters. We all should ________ (contribute) our love and support, and the ________ (contributor) list will be published on the official website. 10.The police are carrying out an ________ (investigate) into the case. They need to ________ (investigate) all the details carefully. 【答案】： 1.creativity; creations; creatively 2.promotion; promote 3.applicant; application; applying 4.balanced; balance 5.proposed; proposal 6.unlikely; likely 7.limited; limited; limitless 8.loss; lost 9.contribution; contribute; contributor 10.investigation; investigate 一、知识点精讲  protest n. 抗议；抗议活动；反对 vi.&vt. 抗议；反对；坚决地表示 【教材原句】： The citizens held a protest against the new tax policy.3. (1) - hold a protest 举行抗议活动 (2) - protest against/at/about sth 反对某事；对某事提出抗议 (3) - protest + that从句 坚决表示；断言 - protester n. 抗议者 (2021 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) The workers protested loudly about the poor working conditions. (2019 年江苏卷改编) The local farmers protested against the construction of the chemical plant, worrying about pollution. (2017 年天津卷改编) The students protested that the school's new regulations were too strict and restricted their freedom. 写作佳句： The local residents organized a protest to oppose the construction of the factory.（当地居民组织了一场抗议活动以反对建造这座工厂。） She protested that she had nothing to do with the incident.（她坚决表示自己与该事件无关。） 单句语法填空 The angry crowd decided to ______ (举行抗议活动) against the unfair decision. They ______ (抗议) about the noise pollution caused by the nearby construction site. The ______ (抗议者) gathered in front of the city hall, demanding better environmental protection. 【答案】：1.hold a protest 2.protested 3.protesters  preserve vt. 保护；保存；维持 n. 保护区​ 【教材原句】： We should take measures to preserve the ancient buildings from being damaged by natural disasters. (1)preserve ...from ... 保护…… 免受……​ (2)preserve sth 保存 / 保护某物​ (3)preservation n. 保护；保存 (2022 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) The organization is working hard to preserve the endangered languages around the world.​ (2020 年全国卷 Ⅱ 改编) The government has been making efforts to preserve the historical sites from being destroyed by urban development. (2018 年北京卷改编) Scientists are researching new ways to preserve the valuable fossils for future study. 写作佳句：​ The local community has made great efforts to preserve the traditional customs passed down from their ancestors.（当地社区付出巨大努力保护从祖先那里传承下来的传统习俗。）​ Scientists are researching new methods to preserve historical documents for a longer time.（科学家们正在研究新方法，以更长久地保存历史文献。）​ 单句语法填空 We must ______ (保护) these old trees ______ (免受) strong winds. The museum uses special techniques to ______ (保存) the ancient paintings. The nature ______ (保护区) provides a safe home for many rare animals. 【答案】：1.preserve; from 2.preserve 3.preserve attempt n.& vt. 企图；试图；尝试 【教材原句】： The rescue team made an attempt at rescuing the trapped miners, but the situation was too dangerous. (1)attempt to do/at doing ...　尝试(试图)做…… (2)make an attempt to do/at doing ... 尝试做…… at the first attempt 第一次尝试 (3)attempted adj. 未遂的 (2018 年全国卷 Ⅲ) He attempted to escape from the prison, but he couldn't find anyone to help him. (2021 年浙江卷改编) The researchers attempted to develop a new drug to treat the rare disease, but faced many challenges. (2016 年天津卷改编) She made an attempt at singing in public for the first time and was nervous at first. 写作佳句： The local government made an attempt to preserve the ancient cultural relics through advanced restoration techniques.（地方政府尝试通过先进的修复技术保护古代文物。） They attempted at promoting cultural exchange by organizing international art exhibitions.（他们试图通过组织国际艺术展览来促进文化交流。） 单句语法填空 The climbers will ______ (试图) to reach the top of the mountain tomorrow. He made several ______ (尝试) to solve the difficult math problem. The ______ (未遂的) robbery was quickly stopped by the police. 【答案】：1.attempt 2.attempts 3.attempted proposal n. 提议；建议；提案​ 【教材原句】： The committee discussed a proposal for improving the local transportation system.​ (1)make a proposal 提出建议​ (2)proposal for/of ... …… 的提议​ (3)propose v. 提议；建议；求婚 (2021 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) Her proposal to set up a cultural exchange program was well - received by the school board.​ (2019 年全国卷 Ⅰ 改编) The manager considered the proposal put forward by the employees to increase the salary. (2017 年江苏卷改编) The proposal that we should start the project as soon as possible was accepted by most members. 写作佳句：​ The government put forward a proposal to increase investment in cultural heritage protection.（政府提出增加对文化遗产保护投资的提议。）​ His proposal on how to reduce pollution provided a new perspective for the research.（他关于如何减少污染的提议为这项研究提供了新视角。）​ 单句语法填空 They made a ______ (提议) to build a new park in the neighborhood. The ______ (提案) about education reform will be discussed at the meeting. She ______ (提议) that we go on a picnic this weekend. 【答案】：1.proposal 2.proposal 3.proposed conduct n. 行为；举止；管理方法 vt. 组织；实施；进行；指挥​ 【教材原句】： The professor is going to conduct a research on ancient cultures.​ (1)conduct an experiment/a survey 进行实验 / 调查​ (2)conduct oneself 表现​ (3)conduct n. 行为；品行；vt. 引导；管理；指挥​ (4)conductor n. 指挥；售票员；导体 (2023 年全国甲卷改编) The students' conduct in the library should comply with the rules.​ (2022 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) The company conducted a survey to find out customers' satisfaction with its products. (2020 年全国卷 Ⅲ 改编) The orchestra conductor is famous for his excellent way of conducting the symphony. 写作佳句：​ The school will conduct a series of activities to celebrate the 100th anniversary.（学校将开展一系列活动庆祝建校 100 周年。）​ His conduct during the competition won him respect from his teammates.（他在比赛中的表现为他赢得了队友的尊重。）​ 单句语法填空 We need to ______ (进行) a study on the effects of this new policy. His ______ (行为) at the party was not appropriate. The ______ (指挥) led the orchestra to play a beautiful piece of music. 【答案】：1.conduct 2.conduct 3.conductor contribute vi.& vt. 捐献；捐助；贡献；投稿​ 【教材原句】： Everyone should contribute some ideas to the discussion.​ (1)contribute ...to ... 把…… 贡献给……​ (2)contribute to 有助于；导致；捐款；投稿​ (3)contribution n. 贡献；捐献；投稿 (2018 年全国卷 Ⅰ 改编) Regular exercise contributes to good health.​ (2023 年全国乙卷改编) Many volunteers contribute their time and energy to helping the poor in the community. (2021 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) Her research has contributed significantly to the development of new materials. 写作佳句：​ Many volunteers contribute their time and energy to protecting wild animals.（许多志愿者贡献他们的时间和精力来保护野生动物。）​ Her research has contributed significantly to the field of medicine.（她的研究对医学领域做出了重大贡献。）​ 单句语法填空 We should ______ (贡献) our knowledge and skills ______ (给) the development of our country. Your advice will ______ (有助于) solving the problem. His ______ (贡献) to the project was very important. 【答案】：1.contribute; to 2.contribute 3.contribution contrast n. 对比；对照 vt.& vi. 对比；对照​ 【教材原句】： In this painting, the artist uses a contrast between light and dark.​ (1)in contrast 相比之下​ (2)in contrast to/with ... 与…… 形成对比​ (3)contrast ...with ... 把…… 与…… 对比 (2020 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) Contrast the two methods, and you will find which one is more effective.​ (2019 年北京卷改编) In contrast with his brother, he is more outgoing and active. (2017 年天津卷改编) The report contrasts the different economic situations of the two countries. 写作佳句：​ In contrast to last year, this year's sales have increased by 30%.（与去年相比，今年的销售额增长了 30%。）​ Contrast the traditional teaching method with the modern one, and analyze their advantages and disadvantages.（将传统教学方法与现代教学方法进行对比，分析它们的优缺点。）​ 单句语法填空 ______ (相比之下), the new model is more energy - efficient. You should ______ (对比) these two pictures carefully to find the differences. Her white dress made a sharp ______ (对照) against the dark background. 【答案】：1.In contrast 2.contrast 3.contrast comparison n. 比较；对照；比喻​ 【教材原句】： A comparison of the two products shows their different features.​ (1)by comparison 相比之下​ (2)in comparison with ... 与…… 相比较​ (3)compare vt. 比较；对照；比喻；vi. 相比​ ​ (2017 年全国卷 Ⅲ 改编) By comparison, we can better understand the differences between cultures.​ (2021 年浙江卷改编) In comparison with other candidates, she has more work experience. (2019 年江苏卷改编) A careful comparison of the data reveals some important trends. 写作佳句：​ In comparison with other cities, this city has a lower cost of living.（与其他城市相比，这座城市的生活成本更低。） A careful comparison of the data revealed some interesting patterns.（对数据进行仔细比较后，发现了一些有趣的规律。）​ 单句语法填空 ______ (通过比较), we can see that his performance has improved a lot. The ______ (比较) of the two books shows that they have different writing styles. ______ (与…… 相比较) last month, the sales volume this month has decreased. 【答案】：1.By comparison 2.comparison 3.In comparison with process n. 过程；进程；步骤 vt. 加工；处理​ 【教材原句】： The manufacturing process of this product is very complex.​ (2021 年全国乙卷改编) The information should be processed accurately to ensure its reliability.​ (2023 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) We are in the process of improving our marketing strategy. (2020 年天津卷改编) The factory processes raw materials into high - quality products. (1) in the process of ... 在…… 的过程中​ (2) process of doing sth 做某事的过程​ (3) process data/materials 处理数据 / 加工材料​ 写作佳句：​ We learned a lot in the process of working on this project.（在参与这个项目的过程中，我们学到了很多。）​ The factory processes raw materials into finished products.（这家工厂把原材料加工成成品。） 单句语法填空 The company is ______ (在…… 的过程中) developing a new product. The ______ (过程) of making bread is quite complicated. They use advanced technology to ______ (加工) the agricultural products. 【答案】：1.in the process of 2.process 3.process not only ...but also ... 不但…… 而且……, 连接并列成分 【教材原句】： Not only the students but also the teacher was deeply attracted by the beauty of the Mogao Caves. (2019 年全国卷 Ⅰ 改编) Reading classic works can not only broaden our horizons but also enrich our inner world. (2021 年全国甲卷改编) The Internet not only provides us with convenient communication but also makes our life more colorful. (2022 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) The art exhibition not only displayed traditional handicrafts but also introduced modern creative designs. (2023 年全国乙卷改编) Not only does regular exercise improve physical health but also it enhances mental well - being. (2020 年浙江卷改编) She not only won the first prize in the competition but also broke the previous record. (1) 用于连接两个并列成分，着重强调后者，其中 also 有时可以省略。 (2) 若连接两个句子，且 not only 置于句首时，not only 所在的句子要用部分倒装。 (3) 若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与就近的主语保持一致。 写作佳句： Cultural heritage protection is not only about safeguarding historical sites but also about passing on cultural values to future generations.（文化遗产保护不仅是保护历史遗迹，也是将文化价值传递给后代。） Not only should we learn from the past through cultural relics, but we also need to use modern technology to protect them better.（我们不仅应该通过文物学习历史，还需要利用现代技术更好地保护它们。） 单句语法填空 The new museum ______ showcases rare artifacts ______ offers interactive educational programs.（不仅…… 而且……） ______ did she finish her project ahead of time ______ she achieved excellent results.（不仅…… 而且……，倒装） ______ students ______ teachers are welcome to participate in the cultural exchange event.（不仅…… 而且……） 【答案】：1.not only; but also 2.Not only; but also 3.Not only; but also prevent ...from ... 阻止；不准 【教材原句】： The government has taken measures to prevent the ancient temples from damage by tourists. (2022 年全国乙卷改编) Measures must be taken to prevent the rivers from being polluted. (2017 年全国卷 Ⅱ 改编) Nothing can prevent us from achieving our goals if we have strong determination. (2023 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) Special guards were hired to prevent the precious artifacts from theft. (2018 年全国卷 Ⅲ 改编) We should plant more trees to prevent the soil from being washed away. (2021 年北京卷改编) Strict rules are set to prevent visitors from touching the exhibits. (1) prevent ...from ...阻止…… 做…… (2) protect ...from/against ... 保护…… 免受…… 写作佳句： Strict regulations can prevent illegal activities from destroying valuable cultural heritage.（严格的法规可以防止非法活动破坏珍贵的文化遗产。） We should raise public awareness to prevent future generations from losing their cultural roots.（我们应该提高公众意识，防止子孙后代失去他们的文化根源。） 单句语法填空 The security system is designed to ______ unauthorized access ______ the historical archives.（阻止…… 进入） Wearing masks can ______ people ______ getting infected.（防止…… 感染） The local community is taking steps to ______ the traditional festival ______ fading away.（防止…… 消失） 【答案】：1.prevent; from 2.prevent; from 3.prevent; from · worthwhile adj. 值得做的；值得花时间的 【教材原句】： It is worthwhile preserving/to preserve the intangible cultural heritage for future generations. (2023 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) This project is worth carrying out as it will benefit the local community greatly. (2021 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) Protecting cultural heritage is a cause worth making our efforts. (2022 年全国甲卷改编) Studying abroad is a worthwhile experience that broadens one's perspective. (2019 年天津卷改编) It is worthwhile to spend time exploring the local historical sites. (2020 年江苏卷改编) The research on renewable energy is a worthwhile investment for the future. (1)it is worthwhile doing sth/to do sth做某事是值得的 (2)worth adj.值得的;有……的价值;等值的 be worth＋名词 值得…… be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做 (3)worthy adj. 值得的;可敬的 be worthy 值得被做 写作佳句： Conducting research on endangered cultural heritage is a worthwhile endeavor to safeguard human history.（对濒危文化遗产进行研究是一项保护人类历史的有价值的努力。） Restoring the ancient town is worthwhile not only for its historical value but also for promoting local tourism.（修复古镇不仅因其历史价值，也对促进当地旅游业发展很有意义。） 单句语法填空 Learning a traditional handicraft is a ______ activity that helps preserve cultural heritage.（值得的） It is ______ to visit the ancient ruins to understand the local history better.（值得花时间的） The restoration project of the old library is ______ of our support.（值得的） 【答案】：1.worthwhile 2.worthwhile 3.worthy balance n. 平衡；均匀 vt. 使平衡 【教材原句】： We should keep a balance between economic development and environmental protection. (2016 年全国卷 Ⅲ 改编) It is important to balance study and relaxation to improve learning efficiency. (2018 年全国卷 Ⅱ 改编) To keep healthy, we should keep a balance between diet and exercise. (2015 年全国卷 Ⅰ 改编) When walking on the tightrope, the acrobat tried his best to keep his balance. (2023 年全国甲卷改编) The government aims to balance the distribution of resources among different regions. (2022 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) A skilled chef knows how to balance different flavors in a dish. (2021 年浙江卷改编) We need to balance the advantages and disadvantages of new technology. (1)keep one’s balance　保持平衡 lose one’s balance 失去平衡 keep a balance between A and B 在A与B之间保持平衡 (2)balance ...against 权衡,比较 (3)balanced adj. 平衡的;均衡的 keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食 写作佳句： We need to balance the exploitation of cultural resources and their long - term preservation.（我们需要平衡文化资源的开发与长期保护。） A balanced approach to cultural heritage management can ensure sustainable development of local communities.（文化遗产管理的平衡方法可以确保当地社区的可持续发展。） We need to balance economic development against environmental protection to ensure sustainable growth.（我们需要权衡经济发展与环境保护，以确保可持续增长。） Doing yoga regularly helps people keep their balance both physically and mentally.（定期做瑜伽帮助人们在身体和精神上保持平衡。） 单句语法填空 It's essential to ______ work and leisure to avoid burnout.（使平衡） The ______ between modernization and cultural preservation is a key issue.（平衡） Eating a ______ diet is important for good health.（均衡的） 【答案】：1.balance 2.balance 3.balanced · likely adj. 可能的 adv. 可能地 【教材原句】： It is likely that the ancient city will be damaged if no effective protection measures are taken. (2020 年全国卷 Ⅰ 改编) The young athlete is likely to win the championship with his excellent performance. (2019 年全国卷 Ⅱ 改编) If no action is taken, the cultural site is likely to disappear. (2022 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) With the development of technology, it is likely that virtual reality will be widely used in cultural heritage protection. (2023 年全国乙卷改编) It is likely that more people will choose online learning in the future. (2021 年全国甲卷改编) The team is likely to succeed in the competition due to their hard training. (2020 年山东卷改编) Without proper care, the plants are likely to die in the drought. (1)sb/sth be likely to do sth ＝it’s likely that ...　　做某事是可能的 (2)sb/sth be unlikely to do sth ＝it’s unlikely that ... 做某事是不可能的 (3)it is probable/possible that ...　有可能…… 写作佳句： It is likely that climate change will pose a greater threat to coastal cultural heritage sites in the future.（气候变化未来很可能对沿海文化遗产遗址构成更大威胁。） Without proper protection, these ancient villages are likely to disappear within a few decades.（如果没有适当保护，这些古村落很可能在几十年内消失。） 单句语法填空 It ______ rain tomorrow, so remember to bring an umbrella.（可能） The old bridge is ______ to collapse if not repaired soon.（可能） ______ that the cultural event will attract a large audience.（很可能） 【答案】：1.is likely to 2.likely 3.It is likely · turn to 向…… 求助；致力于；翻到 (书的某页); 查阅；转向；从事于 【教材原句】： When the experts couldn't solve the problem of heritage protection, they turned to the local people for advice.（求助于） (2017 年全国卷 Ⅲ 改编) After graduation, she turned to teaching and dedicated herself to educating students.（开始从事） (2016 年全国卷 Ⅱ 改编) Please turn to page 50 and read the passage about cultural relics.（翻到） (2021 年全国乙卷改编) The plan turned out to be a great success in promoting cultural exchange. (2023 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) When in trouble, don't hesitate to turn to your teachers for help. (2022 年全国甲卷改编) Many farmers turned to eco - tourism to increase their income. (2020 年天津卷改编) He turned to the dictionary to find the meaning of the new word. (1) turn down关小;拒绝 (2) turn away 拒绝……入内 (3) turn up 出现;露面;调大 (4) turn out 证明是;结果是;生产 (5) turn over 打翻;翻身;移交 (6) turn off 关掉 写作佳句： When faced with difficulties in cultural heritage restoration, the research team turned to traditional craftsmanship for inspiration.（当文化遗产修复遇到困难时，研究团队求助于传统工艺以获取灵感。） Many artists turn to cultural heritage for creative resources, giving new life to ancient art forms.（许多艺术家致力于从文化遗产中获取创作资源，赋予古老艺术形式新的生命。） 单句语法填空 If you have questions about grammar, ______ your grammar book.（查阅） After the failure of his business, he ______ painting to express his feelings.（致力于） When the power went out, we ______ candles for light.（转向使用） 【答案】：1.turn to 2.turned to 3.turned to · contribution n. 捐献；贡献；捐赠 【教材原句】：Everyone should make a contribution to protecting our cultural heritage. (1)make contributions/a contribution to对……作出贡献;捐款 (2)contribute vi.& vt. 捐献;捐助;贡献;投稿 contribute ...to ... 把……贡献给…… contribute to 有助于;导致;捐款;投稿 (2018 年全国卷 Ⅰ 改编) Regular exercise contributes to better health and a stronger body.（有助于） (2023 年全国甲卷改编) We should encourage more people to make contributions to the protection of cultural heritage. (2020 年全国卷 Ⅲ 改编) Her contribution to the research on cultural heritage was highly praised by the academic community. (2022 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) The scientist's contribution to environmental protection is widely recognized. (2021 年浙江卷改编) Volunteers make great contributions to community service during festivals. (2019 年江苏卷改编) His financial contribution enabled the project to be completed on time. 写作佳句： Each individual's contribution is vital in the long - term preservation of cultural heritage.（每个人的贡献在文化遗产的长期保护中都至关重要。） The local community's contributions to restoring the old temple brought it back to its former glory.（当地社区对修复古庙的贡献使其重现昔日辉煌。） 单句语法填空 Her ______ to the project were so significant that she was awarded a medal.（贡献） We should ______ some money ______ the charity to help preserve historical sites.（捐赠…… 给） Regular exercise ______ to both physical and mental well - being.（有助于） 【答案】：1.contributions 2.contribute; to 3.contributes · limit n. 限度；限制 vt. 限制；限定 【教材原句】：We should set a limit to the number of tourists visiting the cultural heritage site to protect it. (1)limit ...to ...　 把……限制在……内 (2)set a limit to sth 对某事规定限度 there is no limit to ... 对……是无限的 (3)limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无限的 (2015 年全国卷 Ⅱ 改编) The company limited the employees' working hours to 8 hours a day to improve work efficiency. (2019 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) Our time is limited, so we should make the most of every minute. (2023 年全国乙卷改编) The government limits the use of plastic bags to reduce pollution. (2022 年全国甲卷改编) There is a limit to the amount of data the system can process. (2021 年北京卷改编) We need to limit our expenses to save money for future plans. 写作佳句： There should be a limit to the commercial development around cultural heritage areas to maintain their authenticity.（在文化遗产区域周边的商业开发应该有限度，以保持其原真性。） We must limit the use of harmful chemicals in cultural relic restoration to avoid further damage.（我们必须限制文物修复中有害化学物质的使用，以避免进一步损坏。） 单句语法填空 The teacher ______ the students' essay length ______ 1000 words.（限制…… 到） There is a ______ to what one person can achieve alone.（限度） Our budget is ______, so we need to spend wisely.（有限的） 【答案】：1.limited; to 2.limit 3.limited · lead to 导致 【教材原句】：The lack of proper protection led to the ancient mural being damaged seriously. (1) lead sb to do ... 使某人做…… (2) lead sb to ... 引导某人到…… (3) lead the way 带路 (4) lead a(n) ...life 过着……的生活 (5) lead sb by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走 写作佳句： Uncontrolled tourism may lead to the destruction of fragile cultural heritage sites.（不受控制的旅游业可能导致脆弱的文化遗产遗址遭到破坏。） (2016 年全国卷 Ⅰ 改编) Good communication skills can lead to better relationships with others. (2018 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) Bad living habits can lead to various health problems. (2022 年全国甲卷改编) His hard work led to his success in the field of cultural heritage research. (2023 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编) Heavy rain may lead to flooding in low - lying areas. (2021 年全国乙卷改编) Ignoring safety regulations can lead to serious accidents. (2020 年山东卷改编) The new policy led to an increase in employment opportunities. The discovery of new historical documents led to a deeper understanding of the local cultural heritage.（新历史文献的发现使人们对当地文化遗产有了更深入的了解。） 单句语法填空 Cutting down too many trees will ______ soil erosion and environmental problems.（导致） His curiosity ______ him ______ explore the ancient ruins.（使…… 去） The new technology ______ a significant improvement in production efficiency.（导致） 【答案】：1.lead to 2.led; to 3.led to Unit1 Cultural Heritage 课文综合语法填空练习 From Problems to Solutions Cultural relics are objects and buildings 1. belonging (belong) to a particular culture, which often have a long history and great significance. However, they are frequently faced with various problems. Take the Amber Room as an example. It was a 2. wonderful (wonder) work that took the best artists about ten years 3. to make (make). The room 4. originally (original) designed for the palace of Frederick I was decorated with gold and jewels. Later, it was given to Peter the Great as a gift. The Czar then had the Amber Room 5. moved (move) to a palace outside St Petersburg where it served as a small reception hall for important visitors. During World War II, the Nazi Germany was 6. at war with Russia. In 1941, the Nazis secretly stole the Amber Room. There is no doubt 7. that the room was taken apart and put on a train for Königsberg. After that, what 8. happened (happen) to the Amber Room remains a mystery. Another example is the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, China. These caves, 9. containing (contain) priceless artworks, have been damaged by natural forces and human activities over time. To protect them, the Chinese government has taken a series of measures. Scientists and experts are working hard 10. to find (find) ways to preserve these precious cultural relics. They use advanced technology to study the materials of the artworks and develop suitable conservation methods. In conclusion, cultural relics are important symbols of human civilization. We should take 11. responsibility (responsible) to protect them. By doing so, we can pass on our rich cultural heritage to future generations and ensure that these valuable treasures 12. are preserved (preserve) for years to come. 1.答案：belonging 解析：此处 “belonging to a particular culture” 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “objects and buildings”。“belong to” 表示 “属于”，无被动形式，所以用现在分词形式，相当于定语从句 “that/which belong to a particular culture” ，意思是 “属于特定文化的物品和建筑”。 2.答案：wonderful 解析：“wonder” 是名词，意为 “奇迹；奇观”，此处需要用形容词修饰名词 “work” ，“wonderful” 表示 “极好的；精彩的” ，“a wonderful work” 即 “一件绝妙的作品”。 3.答案：to make 解析：“take + 时间 + to do sth.” 为固定句型，意为 “花费时间做某事” ，所以这里用 “to make”，表示 “花费最优秀的艺术家大约十年时间来制作”。 4.答案：originally 解析：“designed” 是过去分词作后置定语，修饰 “the room” ，需要用副词 “originally”（最初地；原来地）来修饰过去分词 “designed” ，表示 “最初为腓特烈一世的宫殿设计的房间”。 5.答案：moved 解析：“have sth. done” 为固定结构，意为 “使某事被做” ，其中 “done” 是过去分词作宾语补足语，与 “sth.” 构成被动关系。这里 “had the Amber Room moved” 表示 “让人把琥珀屋搬走” ，“moved” 表示琥珀屋被移动。 6.答案：at 解析：“at war” 是固定短语，意为 “处于交战状态” ，所以此处填 “at” ，“the Nazi Germany was at war with Russia” 表示 “纳粹德国与俄罗斯交战”。 7.答案：that 解析：“There is no doubt that...” 是固定句型，意为 “毫无疑问……” ，“that” 引导同位语从句，解释说明 “doubt” 的内容 ，即 “毫无疑问，这个房间被拆解并装上了开往柯尼斯堡的火车”。 8.答案：happened 解析：根据语境，“what happened to the Amber Room” 描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时 ，“happen” 的过去式是 “happened” ，表示 “琥珀屋后来发生了什么仍然是个谜”。 9.答案：containing 解析：“containing priceless artworks” 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “These caves” 。“contain” 与 “caves” 之间是主动关系，即 “洞穴包含无价的艺术品” ，相当于定语从句 “which contain priceless artworks”。 10.答案：to find 解析：此处用动词不定式 “to find” 作目的状语 ，表示科学家和专家努力工作的目的是 “找到保护这些珍贵文物的方法”。 11.答案：responsibility 解析：“take responsibility to do sth.” 为固定短语，意为 “承担做某事的责任” ，“responsible” 是形容词，此处需要用名词形式 “responsibility” ，表示 “我们应该承担起保护它们的责任”。 12.答案：are preserved 解析：“treasures” 和 “preserve” 之间是被动关系，即 “宝藏被保护” ，且根据 “for years to come” 可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态 “am/is/are + 过去分词” ，主语 “treasures” 是复数，所以用 “are preserved” 。 二、语法清单 定语从句 【感知·语法规律】 教材原文感知 1. “There comes a time when the old must give way to the new” 先行词为 “time”，表示时间，关系词 “when” 在从句中作时间状语。 2. “The project, which was led by the local government, aimed to protect the ancient temple.” 先行词为 “project”，关系词 “which” 在从句中作主语，引导非限制性定语从句，对 “project” 进行补充说明。 3. “The scientists who were responsible for the research made great contributions.” （必修二 Unit1 改写） 先行词为 “scientists”，指人，关系词 “who” 在从句中作主语。 高考真题感知 1.（2024 年全国卷）The city ______ I grew up is very beautiful. A. which B. where C. that D. when 【答案】：B 解析：先行词为 “city”，表示地点，关系词 “where” 在从句中作地点状语，指代 “在这座城市里”。 2.（2023 年新高考卷）The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 【答案】：C 解析：先行词为 “book”，指物，关系词 “which” 在从句中作 “bought” 的宾语。 3.（2022 年全国乙卷）（语法填空）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government ______ (start) a soil - testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 【答案】：started 解析：“when the government...to farmers” 为定语从句修饰 “2005”，when 在从句中作时间状语；根据语境，政府启动项目是过去动作，用一般过去时。 4.（2021 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷）The study suggests that the cultures we grow up ______ influence the basic processes by which we see world around us. 【答案】：in 解析：“we grow up in” 是省略关系词 that/which 的定语从句，修饰先行词 “the cultures”；“grow up in” 为固定搭配，表示 “在…… 文化中成长” 。 5.（2020 年江苏卷）The number of people ______ have access to their own cars has increased sharply in the past decade. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 【答案】：A 解析：先行词为 “the number of people”（指人），从句 “have access to their own cars” 中缺少主语，who 在从句中作主语。 6.（2019 年全国卷 III）They reached the top of the mountain, from ______ they could see the whole city. A. that B. which C. where D. whom 【答案】：C 解析：先行词为 “the top of the mountain”（表地点），从句 “they could see the whole city” 结构完整，需地点状语；from where 相当于 “from the top of the mountain” 。 【精讲·语法知识】 关系代词的用法 1.that：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 例句：The girl that is singing on the stage is my sister.（作主语） 例句：The book (that) I borrowed from the library is very useful.（作宾语） 2.which：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 例句：The building which stands near the river is our school.（作主语） 例句：The pen (which) he lost yesterday was a birthday gift.（作宾语） 3.who：指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 例句：The man who is talking to our teacher is my father.（作主语） 例句：The person (who) we met at the party was very friendly.（作宾语） 4.whom：指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用 who 或 that 代替。 例句：The woman whom we helped just now is a famous singer.（作宾语） 5.whose：既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。 例句：The boy whose hair is brown is from America.（指人） 例句：The house whose windows face south is very bright.（指物） 关系副词的用法 1.when：引导定语从句时，先行词是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 2.where：引导定语从句时，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。 例句：This is the place where we had a picnic last week. 3.why：引导定语从句时，先行词常常为 reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。 例句：The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the bus. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1.限制性定语从句：与先行词关系紧密，对先行词起修饰限定作用，若去掉从句，主句意思不完整或失去意义。不用逗号与先行词隔开。 例句：The students who work hard will get good grades. 2.非限制性定语从句：与先行词关系松散，是对先行词的附加说明，去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整。用逗号与先行词隔开。不能用 that 引导，关系词不可省略。 例句：My mother, who is a teacher, likes reading. 以下是通过同一基础句子，分别使用限制性和非限制性定语从句导致语义差异的典型例子： 例 1： The students who failed the exam must retake it." →限制性：（那些没通过考试的学生必须补考。）限定特定学生群体，其他学生无需补考。 "The students, who failed the exam, must retake it." → 非限制性：（学生们没通过考试，必须补考。）所有学生都没通过，全体补考。 例 2： "I like books that challenge my perspective." → 限制性：（我喜欢能挑战我观点的书。）只喜欢特定类型的书，而非全部。 "I like books, which challenge my perspective." →非限制性：（我喜欢书，它们能挑战我的观点。）喜欢所有书，并补充说明书的共性。 　 单句填空（含复杂结构与特殊用法）​ 1.The man you think is reliable turned out to be a fraud. 解析：先行词 “the man” 指人，在定语从句中作主语，关系词用 who 或 that；“you think” 为插入语，不影响句子结构。 2.This is the reason he gave for his absence, sounds unconvincing. 解析：that 或 which, which.第一空先行词 “reason” 在从句 “he gave” 中作宾语，用 that 或 which；第二空引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整句话，用 which。 3.The day will come soon we will use the new energy vehicle that/which is invented by our company. 解析：when, that 或 which.第一空先行词 “the day” 在从句中作时间状语，用 when；第二空先行词 “vehicle” 在从句中作主语，用 that 或 which。 4.She is the only one of the students who/that able to answer this question which about ancient history. 解析：is, is.“the only one of + 复数名词” 结构中，先行词为 the only one，定语从句谓语用单数；“question” 为单数，第二个空也用 is。 5.The house, the windows of face the south, belongs to a famous writer has written many popular novels. 解析： which, who/that.第一空 “the windows of which” 等同于 “whose windows”，先行词为物；第二空先行词 “writer” 指人，在从句中作主语，用 who 或 that。 单句改错（含多重错误与易混点） 1.The woman who her daughter is in my class is a doctor working in a big hospital. 错误：who her 重复，应改为 whose（作定语修饰 daughter）。 2.I still remember the days when we spent together in the countryside last year. 错误：when 在从句中作时间状语，此处先行词 “days” 在从句中作宾语，应改为 that 或 which。 3.The factory where we visited yesterday produces electronic products that exports to Europe. 错误：where 在从句中作地点状语，此处先行词 “factory” 在从句中作宾语，应改为 that 或 which；“products” 为复数，从句谓语用原形 export。 4.He is the student whose the composition won the first prize in the competition held last week. 错误：whose 已作定语修饰 composition，删掉 the。 5.The reason why he explained at the meeting for his mistake made all of us angry. 错误：why 在从句中作原因状语，此处先行词 “reason” 在从句中作宾语，应改为 that 或 which。 翻译句子（含长难句与高级表达） 1.那个在会议上提出保护文化遗产建议的专家，其观点得到了政府的高度认可。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2.我们正在寻找一个既有丰富教学经验又能与学生良好沟通的老师。 ___________________________________________________________________________​ 3.她向我们展示了她在国外旅行时拍的所有照片，其中大部分都充满了异国风情。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 4.我永远不会忘记我在英国学习的那段时间，在那时我交到了很多志同道合的朋友。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 5.他创作的这部小说，不仅讲述了一个感人的故事，还反映了社会的种种问题。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 1.The expert who put forward the proposal to protect cultural heritage at the meeting, whose views were highly recognized by the government. 2.We are looking for a teacher who not only has rich teaching experience but also can communicate well with students. 3.She showed us all the photos she took during her trip abroad, most of which are full of exotic customs. 4.I will never forget the time when I studied in the UK, during which I made many like-minded friends. 5.The novel he created not only tells a touching story but also reflects various social problems. 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 与本单元文化遗产相关的写作，常见体裁有书信、报道、演讲稿等。写作时要明确写作对象与目的，语言需准确清晰，有条理地阐述观点或描述事件。具体结构可参考： 1.开头：引出文化遗产相关话题，如点明写信目的是关于文化遗产保护建议，或介绍报道、演讲的主题是某文化遗产活动等。 2.主体：详细阐述与文化遗产相关的内容，如文化遗产的重要性、面临的问题、保护措施，或者具体文化遗产活动的过程、参与人员、展示内容等。 3.结尾：总结全文，呼吁行动（如呼吁保护文化遗产），或对活动进行评价（如活动的意义与影响）。 【积累·写作素材】 常用句式 1.开头常用语 (1) I am honored to write this letter/article/speech regarding the topic of cultural heritage... 我很荣幸就文化遗产这一主题写这封信 / 文章 / 演讲稿…… (2) Recently, our school/community has carried out an activity with the theme of “Protecting Cultural Heritage”. 最近，我们学校 / 社区开展了一项以 “保护文化遗产” 为主题的活动。 2.主体部分常用语 (1) Cultural heritage, which represents the wisdom and history of our ancestors, plays a crucial role in our society. 文化遗产代表着我们祖先的智慧和历史，在我们社会中起着至关重要的作用。 (2) However, nowadays, many cultural heritages are facing the threat of being damaged/destroyed due to various reasons. 然而，如今许多文化遗产由于各种原因正面临被破坏的威胁。 (3) To protect cultural heritage, we can take the following measures. 为了保护文化遗产，我们可以采取以下措施。 3.结尾常用语 (1) In conclusion, it is our responsibility to protect and preserve our precious cultural heritage for future generations. 总之，为了后代，保护和保存我们珍贵的文化遗产是我们的责任。 (2) Let's take action now and make a contribution to the protection of cultural heritage. 让我们现在就行动起来，为文化遗产保护做出贡献。 相关词汇 cultural heritage 文化遗产 cultural relics 文物 traditional culture 传统文化 intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产 protect 保护 preserve 保存 promote 促进；弘扬 awareness 意识 threaten 威胁 damage 破坏 measure 措施 contribute 贡献 generation 一代 【示例·分步写作】 假设你是李华，你校举办了一场关于 “文化遗产保护” 的讲座，请你给你的笔友 Tom 写一封信，介绍此次讲座的相关情况。内容包括： 1.讲座的时间、地点和主讲人； 2.讲座的主要内容； 3.你参加讲座后的感受。 注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tom, How is everything going? I am writing to tell you about a wonderful lecture on “Cultural Heritage Protection” held in our school. 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 书信 人称 以第一、三人称为主 时态 主要时态应用一般过去时（介绍讲座情况），一般现在时（表达感受） 框架 第一段：开篇问候并引出写信目的，提及讲座。 第二段：详细介绍讲座的时间、地点、主讲人以及主要内容。 第三段：阐述自己参加讲座后的感受。 第二步：要点翻译 1.上周三下午，一场关于 “文化遗产保护” 的讲座在学校礼堂举行。(hold) Last Wednesday afternoon, a lecture on “Cultural Heritage Protection”__was held in the school auditorium. 2.著名的文化遗产专家李教授担任主讲人。(serve as) Professor Li, a famous expert on cultural heritage, served as the lecturer. 3.他介绍了一些中国著名文化遗产的现状。(present situation) He introduced the present situation of some famous Chinese cultural heritages. 4.他还强调了保护文化遗产的重要性。(stress) He also stressed the importance of protecting cultural heritage. 5.我从讲座中学到了很多，并且意识到保护文化遗产是我们每个人的责任。(realize) I learned a lot from the lecture and realized that it is everyone's responsibility to protect cultural heritage. 第三步：词句升级 1. 用非谓语动词作后置定语合并句 1 和句 2 Last Wednesday afternoon, a lecture on “Cultural Heritage Protection” held in the school auditorium, with Professor Li, a famous expert on cultural heritage, serving as the lecturer. 2. 用 not only...but also... 结构合并句 3 和句 4 He not only introduced the present situation of some famous Chinese cultural heritages but also stressed the importance of protecting cultural heritage. 第四步：连句成篇 Dear Tom, How is everything going? I am writing to tell you about a wonderful lecture on “Cultural Heritage Protection” held in our school. Last Wednesday afternoon, a lecture on “Cultural Heritage Protection” held in the school auditorium, with Professor Li, a famous expert on cultural heritage, serving as the lecturer. He not only introduced the present situation of some famous Chinese cultural heritages but also stressed the importance of protecting cultural heritage. Besides, he shared some effective ways to protect them. I learned a lot from the lecture and realized that it is everyone's responsibility to protect cultural heritage. I hope more people will join in and take action. Best regards, Li Hua 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$