Unit 1 Food for thought 单元核心知识（背诵默写任务单）英语外研版2019必修第二册

Unit 1 Food for thought 单元核心知识 一、核心词汇 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 I.基础词汇 1.maple　　　 　n.枫树,槭树 2.pudding n.布丁 3.black pudding 血肠,黑香肠 4.snack n.(正餐以外的)小吃,点心 5.cuisine n.烹饪(法) 6.spicy adj.(食物)加有香料的,辛辣的 7.hot pot 火锅 8.wedding n.婚礼 9.butcher n.肉贩 10.super adj.极好的,了不起的 11.butter n.黄油,牛油 12.china n.瓷,瓷料 13.download v.下载(信息或程序) 14.custom n.风俗,习惯,传统 15.manners n.礼貌,礼仪 16.plate n.盘,碟 17.yoghurt n.酸乳,酸奶 18.within prep.在……里 19.swing v.(使)(前后)摆动,(使)摇摆 20.honey n.蜂蜜 21.recipe n.烹饪法,食谱 22.blog v.写博客 n.博客,网络日志 23.resist v忍住,按捺 24.dare modal verb胆敢,敢于 25.sort n.种,类 v.分类 26.typical adj.典型的,有代表性的 27.gather v.聚集 28.bite n.&v.咬 29.symbol n.象征,标志 30.opinion n.意见,看法 31.function n.(事物的)功能;作用 v.起作用 32.diet n.日常饮食,节食 v.节食 33.tip n.指点,建议,小费 v.给小费 34.trick n.诀窍,技巧,技法 v.欺骗 35.attack v.侵袭,侵蚀 n.袭击 36.identify v.确定,发现 II.词汇拓展 1.marry v.结婚→ marriage n.婚姻→married adj.已婚的 2.suffer v.(身体或精神上)受苦→suffering n.苦难 3.horror n.畏惧;憎恶;震惊→horrible adj.糟糕的→horribly adv.可怕地;非常地 4.poison n.毒素,毒物,毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的 5.relate v.与……有联系,相关联→related adj.有关系的,相关的→relation n.关系 6.addict n.对……着迷的人→addicted adj.入迷的;上瘾的→addiction n.上瘾,沉溺 7.differ v.不同,不一样,有区别→different adj.不同的→difference n.区别,差异 8.slight adj.轻微的→slightly adv.略微,稍微 9.incredible adj.难以置信的→ incredibly adv.极端地,非常地 10.recommend v.推荐→recommendation n.推荐,建议;介绍信 11.belong v.属于→belongings n.所有物;财产 12.construct v.建造,建筑→construction n.建造,建筑→reconstruct v.重建,再建 13.satisfy v.使满意,使满足→satisfying adj.令人高兴的,令人满意的→satisfied adj.感到满意的→satisfaction n.满意 14.convenient adj.方便的,便利的→conveniently adv.方便地,便利地→convenience n.便利,方便 15.origin n.起源→original adj.原先的,最初的n.原件;原作→originally adv.原先,最初 16.official n官员,高级职员 adj.正式的,官方的→officially adv.正式地,官方地 17.adapt v.(使)适应;(使)适合→adaptation n.适应;适合;改编本→adaptable adj.能适应的 二、核心短语 中文 英文 开始喜欢做某事 take to doing sth.　 传统中医 traditional Chinese medicine 发现;偶遇 come across 提醒;使想起 remind...of... 提出;培养;呕吐 bring up 以防万一 in case 属于 belong to 最终处于,到头来 end up 打听(不在时所发生的事情),别后叙谈 catch up 买,购买,拾起,收听,用 车接,学会 pick up 三、重点句型 1.我在英国长大,我爸爸是英国人,妈妈是中国人,从能拿刀叉——还有筷子——开始,我就一直在享受这两个国家的食物! (动词-ing形式短语作状语) Growing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother, I’ve enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks! 2.他肯定觉得我是在开玩笑。(must have done sth.) He must have thought I was joking. 3.对我来说,用英国饼干搭配盛在细瓷杯中的中国乌龙茶——没有什么比这样一次跨文化的下午茶更棒的了!(否定词+比较级) To me,there’s nothing better than a cross-cultural afternoon tea of English biscuits and a cup of Chinese oolong tea in a fine china cup! 四、核心语法 情态动词 be able to/have to/had better/need/dare 用法 情态动词 基本含义 时态变化 否定形式 疑问形式 典型例句 be able to 表示 “有能力做某事”，强调通过努力获得的能力或特定条件下的能力。 有人称、时态变化（can 仅有时态变化，无第三人称单数）。 例：am/is/are able to（现在时）、was/were able to（过去时）、will be able to（将来时）。 not be able to 例：She isn’t able to swim. 将 be 动词提前 例：Are you able to finish the work? He was able to solve the problem after hours of thinking.（他经过数小时思考后解决了问题。） have to 表示 “不得不做某事”，强调客观条件或外界压力导致的义务。 有人称、时态变化： 一般现在时：have to（主语非第三人称）/has to（主语第三人称） 一般过去时：had to 一般将来时：will have to。 don’t/doesn’t have to（现在时） didn’t have to（过去时） 例：You don’t have to come early. 借助助动词 do/does/did 提问 例：Does she have to leave now? We had to cancel the trip because of the rain.（因为下雨，我们不得不取消旅行。） had better 表示 “最好做某事”，用于建议或警告，后接动词原形。 只有一种形式，无人称、时态变化（had 不可改为 has/have）。 had better not 例：You’d better not be late. 将 had 提前 例：Had we better call the police? You’d better take an umbrella—it might rain.（你最好带把伞，可能会下雨。） need 表示 “需要”，既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。 情态动词：无人称、时态变化，后接动词原形。 实义动词：有人称、时态变化（need to do）。 情态动词：need not（needn’t） 实义动词：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t need to 例：You needn’t worry. / You don’t need to worry. 情态动词：将 need 提前； 实义动词：借助助动词 do/does/did 提问 例：Need I help you? / Do you need to go now? Need he finish the work today?（作为情态动词） She needs to buy a new phone.（作为实义动词） dare 表示 “敢于”，既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。 情态动词：无人称、时态变化（过去式为 dared，较少见），后接动词原形。 实义动词：有人称、时态变化（dare to do，to 可省略）。 情态动词：dare not（daren’t） 实义动词：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t dare (to) 例：He daren’t speak in public. / He doesn’t dare (to) speak in public. 情态动词：将 dare 提前； 实义动词：借助助动词 do/does/did 提问 例：Dare she tell the truth? / Does he dare (to) jump from the bridge? How dare you say that to your mother!（作为情态动词，后接动词原形） She dares to challenge the authority.（作为实义动词，to 可保留） 注意： 1.be able to vs. can can 只有现在时（can）和过去时（could），而 be able to 可用于更多时态（如将来时、完成时）。 表示过去成功做成某事时，常用 was/were able to（= managed to do），而 could 仅表示 “过去有能力”，不强调结果。 2.have to vs. must have to 强调 “客观被迫”，must 强调 “主观必须”。 must 的否定式 mustn’t 表示 “禁止”，而 have to 的否定式 don’t have to 表示 “不必”。 3.need/dare 的情态动词与实义动词区别 情态动词用法更口语化，后接动词原形，否定和疑问形式直接用 need/dare； 实义动词用法更正式，后接 to do，否定和疑问需借助助动词。 五、基础练习 一、单词拼写 1．However busy we are, we will g (聚集) and celebrate the Spring Festival together. 2．It is t (典型的) of her to narrow her eyes because she is short-sighted. 3．It took a moment for him to g (聚集) up his courage before he stepped onto the stage.   4．I r (推荐) Rachel for the position of manager because she is always responsible, hard-working and decisive (有决断力的). （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 5．He bought the house ten years ago, so it b (属于) to him. 6．When you join a new club, it’s important to make friends so that you feel like you b (属于) to the group. 7．She r (推荐) a good book about rare species to me yesterday. 8．The enterprise has already s (遭受) losses of millions of dollars. 9．The broken compass couldn't f (运转，起作用) normally, but its needle trembled slightly toward the north — just enough to guide them. 10．Bacteria can p (to harm or kill; to have a bad effect on) eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods, leading to health risks if consumed. (根据首字母单词拼写) 11．The British and the Americans not only speak the same language but also share many social c (风俗). 12．It took him a while to a (适应) himself to his new environment. 13．The popular TV series was a (改编) from novel of the same name. 14．May I come and talk with you whenever it’s c (方便)? 15．Respecting local c (习俗) is important when traveling abroad. 16．These ancient paintings b (属于) to a museum now. 17．Online shopping is very c (方便的) for busy people. 18．In Japan, taking off shoes before entering a house is a common c (习俗). （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 19．They have built a kind of new PC with more f (功能). 20．The Internet has made our lives more c (方便). 21．We use the expression “throw someone a curveball” to describe things that are difficult to h (处理). 22．This allows her to s (摆动) the hose up to spray water over her back with a movement like a lasso (套索). 23．There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more c (便利的). 24．Here are t (忠告；实用的提示) that can help you manage your time better. 25．Different countries have different c (风俗) and traditions. 26．I only have time for a s (小吃) at lunchtime. 27．I highly r (推荐) this book to anyone with an interest in art. 28．It's important to i (确认；找到) the problem before trying to solve it. 29．I had to say that I was impressed by her because she h (处理) the affair so perfectly. 30．Doctors r （建议）that fathers should be present at their baby’s birth. 31．All in all, I hope to have a happier, more fruitful and s (令人满意的) life in my new school. 32．The dove is a s (象征) of peace and is often used in various cultural and religious contexts. 33．O (最初) , the harvest festival featured a parade, dancing and sports, but it has changed a lot over time. 34．Making daily life more c (方便的) is a major function of this software. 35．It’s t (典型的) of him to forget, so you’d better remind him of the important things. 36．It is strongly r (建议) that you choose the most suitable course based on your strengths. 37．Social media platforms have many f (功能), such as connecting people, sharing information, and providing entertainment. 38．Driven by their view of China, the US has launched a (攻击) on China’s trade and high-tech industries. 39．We have had i (难以置信地) strong winds recently. 40．The training is s (非常) hard, but the hardest part for me is that I got an injury which may take me out for years. 41．His body shook s (轻微) because he was frightened. 42．Mandela has become a s (象征) of the blacks fighting against the whites in South Africa. 43．I added salt to the soup but it still wasn’t s (咸的) enough. 44．I worried about my weight and tried every new d (饮食). 45．An o (官方的) announcement is expected in the next few days. 46．Things d (不同) in Japan. 47．I hope you have a (适应) well to the new situation and are enjoying your new school. 48．You have to a (钦佩) the way he dealt with the difficult situation. 49．Government o (官员) did not want these remarks in the open. 50．He hummed, “I wait for the future you give me with a b (苦涩的) smile.” 51．If a friend gets an invitation to a w (婚礼), you can go with him/her. 52．The team has a strong a (进攻), but its defence is weak. 53．You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, p (n. 毒害, 毒药) and the sun’s harmful rays. 54．His family then moved to a s (稍微，轻微地) larger house. 55．The weather at the moment is not t (典型的) for July, for it hasn’t rained for more than half a month. 二、完成句子 56．如果你想赶上那班火车，我们最好马上动身去火车站。 If you want to catch that train we'd better to go to the station immediately. 57．你最好把烟灭掉。在加油站抽烟是极其危险的。 You’d better your cigarette. It is extremely dangerous to smoke in a petrol station. 58．如果你想成功，你最好为将来做好安排。 If you want to succeed, you’d better the future. 59．我不敢买这么多东西。 I all these things. 60．他必须为婚礼盛装打扮，所以他穿了一身黑色西装、白色衬衫和红色领带，看起来正式。 He had to for the wedding, so he wore a black suit, a white shirt, and a red tie to look formal. 61．He has to a permit and we have to find him a job. 他得申请一个许可证，而我们得给他找份工作。 62．我本来计划走回去，但是杰克坚持要叫的士，所以我只好让步。 I had planned to walk back, but Jack calling a taxi, so I had to . 63．你必须尊重他们的传统。 You have to . 64．我要想通过考试，必须埋头学习。 I shall have to my studies if I am to pass the exam. 65．——他有必要留在这儿吗? ——是的，他必须。/不，他不必要。 — he stay here? — Yes, . /No, . 参考答案 一、 1．gather 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：不管我们有多忙，我们都会聚在一起庆祝春节。由首字母提示g可知，表示“聚集”是gather，will是情态动词，空格处用原形，时态是一般将来时，故填gather。 2．typical/ypical 【解析】考查形容词。句意：她因为近视而眯起眼睛，这是她的典型特征。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“典型的”应用typical，为形容词，在本句中作表语。故填typical。 3．gather/ather 【解析】考查动词。句意：他花了一会儿时间才鼓起勇气，然后走上舞台。结合首字母提示，“聚集”用动词gather，构成动词短语gather up one’s courage，意为“鼓起某人的勇气”，用原形和to构成不定式短语作主语。故填gather。 4．recommend/ecommend 【解析】考查动词。句意：我推荐瑞秋担任经理一职，因为她总是责任心强、工作勤奋且果断。“推荐”为recommend，陈述现在的情况，用一般现在时。故填recommend。 5．belongs/elongs 【解析】考查动词。句意：他十年前买了这所房子，所以它属于他。“属于”作分句谓语，结合首字母提示，用动词belong，句子描述的是房屋现在的归属，是一般性事实，用一般现在时态，主语it是第三人称单数代词，谓语动词要用单数形式。故填belongs。 6．belong/elong 【解析】考查动词。句意：当你加入一个新俱乐部时，交朋友很重要，这样你才会觉得自己属于这个群体。根据首字母b及汉语提示“属于”可知，本空用动词belong，feel like后为宾语从句，从句描述一般事实，时态为一般现在时，主语为you，谓语用动词原形，故填belong。 7．recommended/ecommended 【解析】考查动词。句意：她昨天向我推荐了一本关于珍稀物种的好书。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“推荐”应用recommend，为动词，在本句中作谓语，且由yesterday可知，这里时态应用一般过去时。故填recommended。 8．suffered/uffered 【解析】考查动词、时态。句意：这家企业已经遭受了数百万美元的损失。根据首字母和中文提示可知，以字母 s 开头且表示“遭受”含义的动词为 suffer。因句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，再根据空前的助动词has可知，句子用现在完成时，所以此处应填suffer的过去分词suffered。故填suffered。 9．function/unction 【解析】考查动词。句意：坏了的罗盘不能正常工作了，但是它的指针向北微微抖动，正好可以指引他们。根据中英文提示可知用动词function，且couldn't后跟动词原形。故填function。 10．poison/oison 【解析】考查动词。句意：细菌能够污染鸡蛋、肉类、蔬菜和许多其他食物，如果食用的话会导致健康风险。根据首字母“p”及句子提供的解释“to harm or kill; to have a bad effect on(伤害或杀死；对……产生不良影响)”可知，此处应使用动词poison，表示“毒害，使恶化”，位于情态动词之后，所以此处使用动词原形。故填poison。 11．customs/ustoms 【解析】考查名词。句意：英国人和美国人不仅说同一种语言，而且分享许多社会习俗。空处为宾语，根据汉语提示“风俗”和首字母提示“c”可知，其英文为custom，可数名词，many后面需加可数名词复数形式。故填customs。 12．adapt/dapt 【解析】考查动词。句意：他花了一段时间才适应新环境。“适应”为adapt，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填adapt。 13．adapted/dapted 【解析】考查动词。句意：这部受欢迎的电视剧是由同名小说改编而来的。根据首字母和中文提示可知，以字母a开头且表示“改编”含义的动词为adapt。“The popular TV series”与动词“adapt”之间是被动关系，即电视剧是被改编的，所以此处应用被动语态，空前已有was，故应填adapt的过去分词形式adapted。故填adapted。 14．convenient/onvenient 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我可以在你方便的时候过来和你谈谈吗？根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词convenient“方便的”作表语，满足句意要求。故填convenient。 15．customs/ustoms 【解析】考查名词。句意：出国旅行时尊重当地的习俗很重要。根据中文提示“习俗”对应英文单词custom；表示“多种当地习俗”，用复数形式作宾语。故填customs。 16．belong/elong 【解析】考查动词。句意：这些古画现在属于一家博物馆。根据汉语提示“属于”和首字母b可知，此处应填动词belong，句子陈述一般事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语These ancient paintings为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填belong。 17．convenient/onvenient 【解析】考查形容词。句意：网上购物对忙碌的人来说很方便。根据汉语提示“方便的”和首字母c可知，此处应填形容词convenient，作表语。故填convenient。 18．custom/ustom 【解析】考查名词。句意：在日本，进屋前脱鞋是一种常见的习俗。根据汉语提示“习俗”以及不定冠词a可知，此处应填可数名词的单数形式custom，作表语。故填custom。 19．functions/unctions 【解析】考查名词。句意：他们制造了一种具有更多功能的新型个人电脑。根据首字母和中文提示可知，以字母 f 开头且表示“功能”含义的单词是 function，为可数名词。由more可知，此处应用其复数形式functions。故填functions。 20．convenient/onvenient 【解析】考查形容词。句意：互联网使我们的生活更加方便。“方便”作宾语补足语，说明宾语“our lives”的特征，结合首字母提示，用形容词convenient，其意为“方便的，便利的”。故填convenient。 21．handle/andle 【解析】考查动词。句意：我们用“给某人出难题”这个表达来描述难以处理的事情。根据中英文提示可知为handle“处理”，动词，使用动词原形和前面的to构成动词不定式，故填handle。 22．swing/wing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这使得她可以像套索一样摆动软管，将水喷洒在她的背上。根据汉语提示“摆动”和首字母提示可知，此处为动词swing，allow sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，空处需填动词原形。故填swing。 23．convenient/onvenient 【解析】考查形容词。句意：有无数的文章告诉我们互联网如何使我们的生活更方便。此处需要使用形容词作宾补，构成“make + 宾语 + 形容词”，“便利的”对应的英文单词是convenient。故填convenient。 24．tips/ips 【解析】考查名词。句意：这里有一些建议可以帮助你更好地管理你的时间。以t开头、表示“忠告；实用的提示”的英文单词为tip。由于句子中动词“are”为复数形式，需填入复数名词作主语。故填tips。 25．customs/ustoms 【解析】考查名词。句意：不同的国家有不同的风俗和传统。“风俗”作宾语，用可数名词custom，有形容词different，用复数形式。故填customs。 26．snack/nack 【解析】考查名词。句意：我只有时间在午餐时吃点小吃。此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，表示“小吃”应为snack，空前有不定冠词a，所以此处使用名词单数形式。故填snack。 27．recommend/ecommend 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我向所有对艺术感兴趣的人强烈推荐这本书。由首字母提示r可知，“推荐”是recommend，句子描述现在的客观事实，时态是一般现在时，主语是I，因此空格处用原形，故填recommend。 28．identify/dentify 【解析】考查动词。句意：在试图解决问题之前确定问题是很重要的。根据中英文提示可知应用动词identify，此处为不定式作真正主语，it作形式主语。故填identify。 29．handled 【解析】考查动词。句意：我不得不说，我对她印象深刻，因为她把这件事处理得如此完美。根据中文提示“处理”为handle，再根据had可知，本句为一般过去时。故填 handled。 30．recomend/ecommend 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：医生建议父亲应该在孩子出生时在场。此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。由句意空处及空前的Doctors可知应填动词形式，根据汉语提示“建议”及首字母可知应填动词recommend，故填recommend。 31．satisfying/atisfying 【解析】考查形容词。句意：总之，我希望在我的新学校有一个更快乐，更丰硕和满意的生活。根据汉语提示和首字母s以及空格后的名词life可知，表示“令人满意的”应为形容词satisfying作定语，修饰后面此名词life。故填satisfying。 32．symbol/ymbol 【解析】考查名词。句意：鸽子是和平的象征，经常在各种文化和宗教背景中使用。根据中英文提示及句意，设空处需填入名词symbol“象征”，结合空前不定冠词a可知，应用单数形式，作表语，a symbol of...表示“……的象征”。故填symbol。 33．Originally/riginally 【解析】考查副词。句意：最初，丰收节的特色是游行、舞蹈和体育运动，但随着时间的推移，它发生了很大变化。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为副词Originally“最初”作状语，满足句意要求。故填Originally。 34．convenient/onvenient 【解析】考查形容词。句意：让日常生活更方便是这个软件的主要功能。根据中英文提示“方便的”以及首字母c可知，此处应用形容词convenient作宾语补足语。故填convenient。 35．typical/ypical 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他经常忘事，所以你最好提醒他一些重要的事情。根据汉语提示“典型的”和首字母可知，此处为形容词typical，作表语。故填typical。 36．recommended/ecommended 【解析】考查动词。句意：强烈建议你根据自己的优势选择最合适的课程。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词recommend；It is+recommend+that...是固定句型，意为“(我们)建议……”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。故填recommended。 37．functions/unctions 【解析】考查名词。句意：社交媒体平台有许多功能，比如连接人与人、分享信息以及提供娱乐。结合首字母提示可知，“功能”应用名词function，作have的宾语，且many后可数名词function应用复数形式。故填functions。 38．attacks/ttacks 【解析】考查名词。句意：受其对中国的看法驱动，美国对中国发起了针对贸易和高科技产业的攻击。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“攻击”可知，此处应填入名词attack，与介词on搭配构成短语launch attacks on，意思是“对……发动攻击”，用复数形式表示不同领域的多次或多种形式的攻击。故填attacks。 39．incredibly/ncredibly 【解析】考查副词。句意：我们最近遇到了难以置信的强风。根据单词首字母以及句意“难以置信地”可知，应填副词incredibly，作状语，修饰形容词strong。故填incredibly。 40．super/uper 【解析】考查副词。句意：训练是非常艰苦的，但对我来说最困难的部分是我受伤了，这可能会让我缺席几年。此处为副词作状语修饰形容词hard，根据提示的汉语和首字母，表示“非常”为super。故填super。 41．slightly/lightly 【解析】考查副词。句意：因为害怕，他的身体轻微地颤抖。根据中文提示，表示“轻微地”用slightly，此处使用副词作状语修饰动词。故填slightly。 42．symbol/ymbol 【解析】考查名词。句意：曼德拉已成为南非黑人与白人斗争的象征。空处应用名词单数，作表语；根据首字母提示，symbol为名词，表示“象征”，符合句意。故填symbol。 43．salty/alty 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我往汤里加了盐，但还是不够咸。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“咸的”应用salty，为形容词，在本句中作表语，符合句意。故填salty。 44．diet/iet 【解析】考查名词。句意：我担心我的体重，尝试了每一种新的饮食。设空处使用名词作宾语，表示“饮食”用diet，every提示用其单数形式。故填diet。 45．official/fficial 【解析】考查形容词。句意：预计官方将在未来几天发布公告。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词announcement，由首字母提示o可知，“官方的”的形容词是official，故填official。 46．differ/iffer 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：日本的情况有所不同。由首字母提示d可知，“不同”是differ，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Things是复数，因此空格处用动词原形，故填differ。 47．adapted/dapted 【解析】考查动词。句意：我希望你已经很好地适应了新的环境，并喜欢你的新学校。adapt to适应。根据句中have可知，用动词过去分词形式，构成现在完成时。根据中英文提示及句意，故填adapted。 48．admire/dmire 【解析】考查动词。句意：你不得不钦佩他处理困难局势的方式。根据首字母和中文提示可知，此处应用动词admire，have to do sth. (不得不干某事)，该空用动词原形形式。故填admire。 49．officials/fficials 【解析】考查名词。句意：政府官员不希望这些言论公开。“官员”为official，此处表示这个群体，用名词复数表示泛指，作句子的主语。故填officials。 50．bitter/itter 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他哼唱道，“我带着苦涩的微笑等待你给我的未来。”本空用形容词bitter“苦涩的”，作前置定语，修饰名词smile。故填bitter。 51．wedding/edding 【解析】考查名词。句意：如果有朋友被邀请去婚礼，你就可以跟他/她一起去。分析句子可知，空格处由冠词a修饰，这里要填名词，wedding意为“婚礼”，符合句意，故填wedding。 52．attack/ttack 【解析】考查名词。句意：这个队进攻有力，但防守薄弱。“进攻”为attack，单词前有a，所以用单数。故填attack。 53．poisons/oisons 【解析】考查名词。句意：你有三层皮肤作为屏障，抵御疾病，毒药和太阳的有害射线。名词poisons(毒害, 毒药)与disease和the sun’s harmful rays是并列的，作介词against的宾语，故填poisons。 54．slightly/lightly 【解析】考查副词。句意：然后，他的家人搬到了一所稍大一点的房子里。large是形容词，空处应填副词修饰形容词，根据中英文提示可知，slightly“稍微，轻微地”，副词，故填slightly。 55．typical/ypical 【解析】考查形容词。句意：现在的天气不是七月的典型天气，因为已经半个多月没下雨了。设空处在系动词后，应用形容词，根据首字母和和汉语提示“典型的”表达为typical，作表语。故填typical。 二、 56． set off 【解析】考查动词短语。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作为谓语，应使用动词或动词短语，根据汉语提示，表示“动身”含义的动词短语为set off，因空白处前面有情态动词had better，所以空白处填动词原形。故填set off。 57． put out 【解析】考查固定短语。根据汉语意思“灭掉”可知，句中涉及固定短语“put out”，意为“熄灭”，“had better do sth.”意为“最好做某事”，“had better”后接动词原形。故填put out。 58． make plans for 【解析】考查固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“为……做好安排”，是固定短语make plans for，you’d better后跟动词的原形，故填make；plans；for。 59． dare not buy 【解析】考查情态动词dare。句子表示“不敢”做某事，用dare not，后接动词原形，“买”为buy。故填dare；not；buy。 60． dress up 【解析】考查动词短语。根据中英文对比可知，此处缺少“盛装打扮”的英文表达。“盛装打扮”常见的英文短语是dress up，have to do sth.为固定用法，意为“不得不做某事，必须做某事”，to后接动词原形。故填①dress；②up。 61． apply for 【解析】考查动词和短语。根据中英文提示，缺少“申请”为apply for；固定短语has to do sth不得不做某事。故设空处应用动词原形的形式。故填apply for。 62． insisted on give in 【解析】考查短语。insist on doing sth坚持做某事，根据句中时态可知，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时，所以but后面的句子中，谓语动词insist应用过去式。give in屈服，让步，have to do sth.不得不做某事。根据句意，故填①insisted②on③give④in。 63． show/have respect for their tradition 【解析】考查固定短语和非谓语。have to do sth “必须做某事，”show/have respect for“尊重……”their tradition作for的宾语。故填(1). show/have；(2). respect；(3). for；(4). their；(5). tradition。 64． bury myself in 【解析】本题考查固定短语。解题要点：结合汉语意思表示“埋头于……”，短语为bury oneself in，结合上文have to do sth.可知，应填动词原形。故答案为bury myself in。 65． Need he must he needn’t 【解析】考查情态动词。“他”he，表示“有必要”使用情态动词need，置于句首构成一般疑问句；由need构成的一般疑问句，其肯定回答用must；否定回答使用needn’t。故填①Need he②must③he needn’t。 $$Unit 1 Food for thought 单元核心知识 一、核心词汇 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 I.基础词汇 1.__________　　　 　n.枫树,槭树 2.__________ n.布丁 3.__________ 血肠,黑香肠 4.__________ n.(正餐以外的)小吃,点心 5.__________ n.烹饪(法) 6.__________ adj.(食物)加有香料的,辛辣的 7.__________ 火锅 8.__________ n.婚礼 9.__________ n.肉贩 10.__________ adj.极好的,了不起的 11.__________ n.黄油,牛油 12.__________ n.瓷,瓷料 13.__________ v.下载(信息或程序) 14.__________ n.风俗,习惯,传统 15.__________ n.礼貌,礼仪 16.__________ n.盘,碟 17.__________ n.酸乳,酸奶 18.__________ prep.在……里 19.__________ v.(使)(前后)摆动,(使)摇摆 20.__________ n.蜂蜜 21.__________ n.烹饪法,食谱 22.__________ v.写博客 n.博客,网络日志 23.__________ v忍住,按捺 24.__________ modal verb胆敢,敢于 25.__________ n.种,类 v.分类 26.__________ adj.典型的,有代表性的 27.__________ v.聚集 28.__________ n.&v.咬 29.__________ n.象征,标志 30.__________ n.意见,看法 31.__________ n.(事物的)功能;作用 v.起作用 32.__________ n.日常饮食,节食 v.节食 33.__________ n.指点,建议,小费 v.给小费 34.__________ n.诀窍,技巧,技法 v.欺骗 35.__________ v.侵袭,侵蚀 n.袭击 36.__________ v.确定,发现 II.词汇拓展 1.marry v.结婚→ __________ n.婚姻→__________adj.已婚的 2.suffer v.(身体或精神上)受苦→__________ n.苦难 3.horror n.畏惧;憎恶;震惊→__________ adj.糟糕的→__________ adv.可怕地;非常地 4.poison n.毒素,毒物,毒药→__________adj.有毒的 5.relate v.与……有联系,相关联→__________adj.有关系的,相关的→__________ n.关系 6.addict n.对……着迷的人→__________ adj.入迷的;上瘾的→__________ n.上瘾,沉溺 7.differ v.不同,不一样,有区别→__________ adj.不同的→__________ n.区别,差异 8.slight adj.轻微的→__________ adv.略微,稍微 9.incredible adj.难以置信的→__________ adv.极端地,非常地 10.recommend v.推荐→__________ n.推荐,建议;介绍信 11.belong v.属于→__________ n.所有物;财产 12.construct v.建造,建筑→__________ n.建造,建筑→__________ v.重建,再建 13.satisfy v.使满意,使满足→__________ adj.令人高兴的,令人满意的→__________ adj.感到满意的→__________ n.满意 14.convenient adj.方便的,便利的→__________adv.方便地,便利地→__________n.便利,方便 15.origin n.起源→__________ adj.原先的,最初的n.原件;原作→__________ adv.原先,最初 16.official n官员,高级职员 adj.正式的,官方的→__________adv.正式地,官方地 17.adapt v.(使)适应;(使)适合→__________ n.适应;适合;改编本→__________ adj.能适应的 二、核心短语 中文 英文 开始喜欢做某事 take to doing sth.　 传统中医 traditional Chinese medicine 发现;偶遇 come across 提醒;使想起 remind...of... 提出;培养;呕吐 bring up 以防万一 in case 属于 belong to 最终处于,到头来 end up 打听(不在时所发生的事情),别后叙谈 catch up 买,购买,拾起,收听,用 车接,学会 pick up 三、重点句型 1.我在英国长大,我爸爸是英国人,妈妈是中国人,从能拿刀叉——还有筷子——开始,我就一直在享受这两个国家的食物! (动词-ing形式短语作状语) _______________________________, I’ve enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks! 2.他肯定觉得我是在开玩笑。(must have done sth.) He _______________________________ I was joking. 3.对我来说,用英国饼干搭配盛在细瓷杯中的中国乌龙茶——没有什么比这样一次跨文化的下午茶更棒的了!(否定词+比较级) To me,there’s _______________________________ a cross-cultural afternoon tea of English biscuits and a cup of Chinese oolong tea in a fine china cup! 四、核心语法 情态动词 be able to/have to/had better/need/dare 用法 情态动词 基本含义 时态变化 否定形式 疑问形式 典型例句 be able to 表示 “有能力做某事”，强调通过努力获得的能力或特定条件下的能力。 有人称、时态变化（can 仅有时态变化，无第三人称单数）。 例：am/is/are able to（现在时）、was/were able to（过去时）、will be able to（将来时）。 not be able to 例：She isn’t able to swim. 将 be 动词提前 例：Are you able to finish the work? He was able to solve the problem after hours of thinking.（他经过数小时思考后解决了问题。） have to 表示 “不得不做某事”，强调客观条件或外界压力导致的义务。 有人称、时态变化： 一般现在时：have to（主语非第三人称）/has to（主语第三人称） 一般过去时：had to 一般将来时：will have to。 don’t/doesn’t have to（现在时） didn’t have to（过去时） 例：You don’t have to come early. 借助助动词 do/does/did 提问 例：Does she have to leave now? We had to cancel the trip because of the rain.（因为下雨，我们不得不取消旅行。） had better 表示 “最好做某事”，用于建议或警告，后接动词原形。 只有一种形式，无人称、时态变化（had 不可改为 has/have）。 had better not 例：You’d better not be late. 将 had 提前 例：Had we better call the police? You’d better take an umbrella—it might rain.（你最好带把伞，可能会下雨。） need 表示 “需要”，既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。 情态动词：无人称、时态变化，后接动词原形。 实义动词：有人称、时态变化（need to do）。 情态动词：need not（needn’t） 实义动词：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t need to 例：You needn’t worry. / You don’t need to worry. 情态动词：将 need 提前； 实义动词：借助助动词 do/does/did 提问 例：Need I help you? / Do you need to go now? Need he finish the work today?（作为情态动词） She needs to buy a new phone.（作为实义动词） dare 表示 “敢于”，既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。 情态动词：无人称、时态变化（过去式为 dared，较少见），后接动词原形。 实义动词：有人称、时态变化（dare to do，to 可省略）。 情态动词：dare not（daren’t） 实义动词：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t dare (to) 例：He daren’t speak in public. / He doesn’t dare (to) speak in public. 情态动词：将 dare 提前； 实义动词：借助助动词 do/does/did 提问 例：Dare she tell the truth? / Does he dare (to) jump from the bridge? How dare you say that to your mother!（作为情态动词，后接动词原形） She dares to challenge the authority.（作为实义动词，to 可保留） 注意： 1.be able to vs. can can 只有现在时（can）和过去时（could），而 be able to 可用于更多时态（如将来时、完成时）。 表示过去成功做成某事时，常用 was/were able to（= managed to do），而 could 仅表示 “过去有能力”，不强调结果。 2.have to vs. must have to 强调 “客观被迫”，must 强调 “主观必须”。 must 的否定式 mustn’t 表示 “禁止”，而 have to 的否定式 don’t have to 表示 “不必”。 3.need/dare 的情态动词与实义动词区别 情态动词用法更口语化，后接动词原形，否定和疑问形式直接用 need/dare； 实义动词用法更正式，后接 to do，否定和疑问需借助助动词。 五、基础练习 一、单词拼写 1．However busy we are, we will g (聚集) and celebrate the Spring Festival together. 2．It is t (典型的) of her to narrow her eyes because she is short-sighted. 3．It took a moment for him to g (聚集) up his courage before he stepped onto the stage.   4．I r (推荐) Rachel for the position of manager because she is always responsible, hard-working and decisive (有决断力的). （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 5．He bought the house ten years ago, so it b (属于) to him. 6．When you join a new club, it’s important to make friends so that you feel like you b (属于) to the group. 7．She r (推荐) a good book about rare species to me yesterday. 8．The enterprise has already s (遭受) losses of millions of dollars. 9．The broken compass couldn't f (运转，起作用) normally, but its needle trembled slightly toward the north — just enough to guide them. 10．Bacteria can p (to harm or kill; to have a bad effect on) eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods, leading to health risks if consumed. (根据首字母单词拼写) 11．The British and the Americans not only speak the same language but also share many social c (风俗). 12．It took him a while to a (适应) himself to his new environment. 13．The popular TV series was a (改编) from novel of the same name. 14．May I come and talk with you whenever it’s c (方便)? 15．Respecting local c (习俗) is important when traveling abroad. 16．These ancient paintings b (属于) to a museum now. 17．Online shopping is very c (方便的) for busy people. 18．In Japan, taking off shoes before entering a house is a common c (习俗). （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 19．They have built a kind of new PC with more f (功能). 20．The Internet has made our lives more c (方便). 21．We use the expression “throw someone a curveball” to describe things that are difficult to h (处理). 22．This allows her to s (摆动) the hose up to spray water over her back with a movement like a lasso (套索). 23．There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more c (便利的). 24．Here are t (忠告；实用的提示) that can help you manage your time better. 25．Different countries have different c (风俗) and traditions. 26．I only have time for a s (小吃) at lunchtime. 27．I highly r (推荐) this book to anyone with an interest in art. 28．It's important to i (确认；找到) the problem before trying to solve it. 29．I had to say that I was impressed by her because she h (处理) the affair so perfectly. 30．Doctors r （建议）that fathers should be present at their baby’s birth. 31．All in all, I hope to have a happier, more fruitful and s (令人满意的) life in my new school. 32．The dove is a s (象征) of peace and is often used in various cultural and religious contexts. 33．O (最初) , the harvest festival featured a parade, dancing and sports, but it has changed a lot over time. 34．Making daily life more c (方便的) is a major function of this software. 35．It’s t (典型的) of him to forget, so you’d better remind him of the important things. 36．It is strongly r (建议) that you choose the most suitable course based on your strengths. 37．Social media platforms have many f (功能), such as connecting people, sharing information, and providing entertainment. 38．Driven by their view of China, the US has launched a (攻击) on China’s trade and high-tech industries. 39．We have had i (难以置信地) strong winds recently. 40．The training is s (非常) hard, but the hardest part for me is that I got an injury which may take me out for years. 41．His body shook s (轻微) because he was frightened. 42．Mandela has become a s (象征) of the blacks fighting against the whites in South Africa. 43．I added salt to the soup but it still wasn’t s (咸的) enough. 44．I worried about my weight and tried every new d (饮食). 45．An o (官方的) announcement is expected in the next few days. 46．Things d (不同) in Japan. 47．I hope you have a (适应) well to the new situation and are enjoying your new school. 48．You have to a (钦佩) the way he dealt with the difficult situation. 49．Government o (官员) did not want these remarks in the open. 50．He hummed, “I wait for the future you give me with a b (苦涩的) smile.” 51．If a friend gets an invitation to a w (婚礼), you can go with him/her. 52．The team has a strong a (进攻), but its defence is weak. 53．You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, p (n. 毒害, 毒药) and the sun’s harmful rays. 54．His family then moved to a s (稍微，轻微地) larger house. 55．The weather at the moment is not t (典型的) for July, for it hasn’t rained for more than half a month. 二、完成句子 56．如果你想赶上那班火车，我们最好马上动身去火车站。 If you want to catch that train we'd better to go to the station immediately. 57．你最好把烟灭掉。在加油站抽烟是极其危险的。 You’d better your cigarette. It is extremely dangerous to smoke in a petrol station. 58．如果你想成功，你最好为将来做好安排。 If you want to succeed, you’d better the future. 59．我不敢买这么多东西。 I all these things. 60．他必须为婚礼盛装打扮，所以他穿了一身黑色西装、白色衬衫和红色领带，看起来正式。 He had to for the wedding, so he wore a black suit, a white shirt, and a red tie to look formal. 61．He has to a permit and we have to find him a job. 他得申请一个许可证，而我们得给他找份工作。 62．我本来计划走回去，但是杰克坚持要叫的士，所以我只好让步。 I had planned to walk back, but Jack calling a taxi, so I had to . 63．你必须尊重他们的传统。 You have to . 64．我要想通过考试，必须埋头学习。 I shall have to my studies if I am to pass the exam. 65．——他有必要留在这儿吗? ——是的，他必须。/不，他不必要。 — he stay here? — Yes, . /No, . $$