Unit1 Science Fiction Using Language 语言点导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

语言点 Using Language Page8, 9 (指示性缩略语说明：Para1,指课文第1段。Line1指本段第1行。Page8指课本第8页。相关类似) (粗体使用说明：粗体为重点记忆部分。) (Ⅰ.常用简洁短语。Ⅱ.重要语言点。Ⅲ.练习答案。Ⅳ. 课文汉语译文) Ⅰ.常用简洁短语 1.pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对Exercise1, Line1, Page6 2.superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹Exercise2, Line9, Page6 3.take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手Exercise2, Line9, Page6 4.conflict with 与……冲突或抵触Exercise4, Three laws of robotics law2, Page7 5.begin its career 开始它的旅程Para1, Line2, Page8 6.sit sb./oneself in a seat 使某人就座Para1, Line2 7.push...forwards/backwards 向前/后推……Para1, Line3 8.draw a breath 深呼吸Para2, Line1 9.fetch something 去拿东西Para2, Line2 10.turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是Para2, Line4 11.on a winding road 在蜿蜒的路上Para3, Line2 12.fall away (逐渐)减少；消失Para3, Line3 13.division between night and day - 昼夜之分Para3, Line4 14.rise up 上升；升起Para3, Line6 15.have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事Para4, Line1 16.the random things随机的东西Para4, Line2 17.flip on its side 侧翻Para4, Line10, Page9 18.thrown through the air 被抛向空中Para4, Line10, Page9 Ⅱ.重点语言点 Exercise2, Line9, Page6 In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over. 在科幻小说中,机器人往往超越人类,并接管一切。 superior　adj.更好的;占优势的; (在级别或重要性上)更高的 n.级别更高的人;上级;上司 be superior to　　比……更好/更胜一筹 be senior to 比……年长/职位高 be junior to 比……年龄小/职位低 be inferior to 比……差/级别低 His skills in basketball are superior to those of his teammates, which makes him a valuable player on the team.他的篮球技巧优于他的队友,这使他成为球队中的一名宝贵球员。 单句填空 ①He was a genius and valued by both his peers and his 　　　　　　(superior).  ②They have developed techniques superior 　　　　those used in most factories.  完成句子 ③Some people hold the opinion that reading paper books 　　　　　　　　reading e-books in many ways while others argue that reading e-books is much better. 一些人认为阅读纸质书在很多方面优于阅读电子书,而其他人认为阅读电子书更好。(应用文写作之陈述观点) ④He 　　　　　　　　　　　as he drove past in his expensive new car.  他开着那辆豪华的新车驶过时,傲慢地微微一笑。 Exercise2, Line9, Page6 In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over. 在科幻小说中,机器人往往超越人类,并接管一切。 take over　占上风;取而代之;接手;接管 take down 　拆掉;拆除;写下 take in 吸收;收留;欺骗;改小(尺寸) take off 脱下(衣服等);起飞,腾飞 take on 承担;决定做;呈现;雇用 take up 开始从事;占用(时间或空间);着手处理;继续(做);接着讲 take back 收回;退回;使回想起 Miss Smith has asked for sick leave, and I have to take over her work for a couple of days. 史密斯小姐请病假了,我不得不接管几天她的工作。 一词多义 ①Following his late father’s will, he was given the right to take over all businesses. 　　　  ②At the beginning of the game, our team took over. But in the end, we failed. 　　　  ③Social media platforms have taken over traditional forms of communication among young people.  用take 相关短语的适当形式填空 ④Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to 　　　　　　　　our lives.  ⑤While reading popular science books, we can 　　　　　　　　more basic knowledge.  ⑥She was eager to 　　　　　　　　new responsibilities at her job.  ⑦Her career really 　　　　　　　　after she won the award for Best Actress  完成句子 ⑧[2022·浙江1月考读后续写] 　　　　　　　　　　　, I immediately drowned myself doing analysis and assured him I would not let him down.  接手这项任务后,我立刻投身于分析中,并向他保证不会让他失望。 Exercise4, Three laws of robotics law2, Page7 A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the first law.机器人必须服从人类下达给它的命令,除非这种命令与第一定律相冲突。 conflict with　与……冲突或抵触 (1)a conflict between…and… 　……和……之间的冲突 in conflict with sb 与某人有冲突 come/fall into conflict with 与……产生冲突 (2)conflicted adj. 因心理冲突而不知所措的 be conflicted about 对……感到矛盾 His views on the project conflict with those of the rest of the team. 他对项目的看法与团队其他成员的意见相冲突。 单句填空 ①There is a conflict 　　　　　　what they are doing and what you want.  ②He often conflicts 　　　　his classmates, which annoys his parents.  ③I felt deeply 　　　　　　(conflict) about whether or not to keep the wallet I had found.  完成句子/句式改写 ④Instantly, without a few hours, the video went viral.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　between whether I should be happy or sad. 视频立即在几小时内就火了起来。我的情绪很复杂,不知道该高兴还是难过。 ⑤As the sailors 　　　　　　　　　the islanders, people could no longer live a quiet and peaceful life.  → 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　between the sailors and the islanders, people could no longer live a quiet and peaceful life.(用with复合结构改写)  随着水手们与岛上居民的冲突日趋频繁,人们再也无法过上清静太平的日子。 Para2, Line2, Page8 I pushed the starting lever on the main panel forwards an inch then immediately backwards again. 把主面板上的启动杆向前推了一英寸，然后立刻又向后推了一英寸。 ‌(1)forwards adv. 向前 backwards adv. 向后；倒着；往回 backwards and forwards　来回地 ‘Ambulance’ is written backwards so you can read it in the mirror. ambulance是倒着写的，以便在镜中认读。 I’ve read the report ‌backwards and forwards‌. 我把报告反复读了好几遍。 (2)注意与区别：‌ -s 有无的区别:‌ Backward vs. Backwards (Adv.) / Forward vs. Forwards (Adv.) ‌加 -s 的形式(backwards, forwards)主要用作副词。‌这是它们在表示方向时的最常见‌形式，尤其是在英国英语中。不加 -s 的形式(backward, forward)主要用作形容词，但在北美英语中也常用作副词。 形容词 (Adj): a ‌backward‌ glance (回头一瞥) a ‌backward‌ country (落后的国家 - 比喻) a ‌forward‌-thinking approach (前瞻性的思维方法) 副词 (Adv)，北美英语常见： He moved ‌forward‌/backward. (美式) He moved ‌forwards‌/backwards. (英式) 完成句子 ①The third wave was so strong it knocked me . 第3个浪头如此猛烈，把我击得往后退。 ② 向前的运动 ③He ‌ in the room. 他在房间里来回踱步。 ④We should know the rules backwards and forwards.（译成汉语） Para2, Line2, Page8 My niece came in to fetch something… 我的侄女进来取什么东西…… (1)fetch vt. to go and get something or someone and bring them back 去拿来；去取来；去请来”，强调去某个地方并把某人或某物带回来，是一个双向性动词。 Run home this moment, and fetch me a pair of gloves! 马上跑回家去, 给我拿一双手套来! (2)fetch sb. sth. 去给某人拿来某物。 Can you fetch me my coat? 你能帮我拿一下我的外套吗？ fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物。 She fetched a book for her brother.她为她弟弟拿了一本书。 fetch and carry (for sb) 为某人）打杂，当听差，跑腿 I helped out in the tents fetching and carrying. 我在帐篷里帮忙打杂。 (3)fetch与bring, take的区别： fetch：强调去某个地方把某物或某人带回来，包含“去”和“带回”的双重含义, 通常用于书面语。bring：强调把某物或某人带到说话者所在的地方。Take: 主要表示“拿走”“带走”，强调将某物带到另一个地方，但不强调“返回”。 完成句子 ①She's gone to the kids from school. 她去学校接孩子了。 ②I'm expected to for everyone in the office. 办公室里每个人都指望我听他们差遣。 ③He had to (to go and bring water from somewhere) from the well every morning. Para2, Line4, Page8 Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day. 夜幕降临了,仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭,转眼间,白昼就来临了。 turn out　关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是;生产 (1)turn out badly/well/all right 结果很糟/很好/尚可 turn out (to be)+adj./n. 结果是/原来是…… (2)It turns out that… 结果是/原来是……(用于主语从句) as it turned out 结果证明(用于定语从句) (3)turn down 关小;拒绝 turn in 上交 turn to 转向;求助于 turn up 偶然出现;到达;调高(音量等) Last week, we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out (to be) extremely rewarding.上周,我们带着外国学生去体验了地道的茶文化,结果证明是非常值得的。 一词多义 ①Despite the initial challenges, the project turned out to be a great success. 　　　  ②Don’t forget to turn out the lights before you leave. 　　　  ③Thousands of people turned out to welcome the team home. 　　　  用turn 相关短语的适当形式填空 ④He 　　　　　　　　the job because it involved too much travelling.  ⑤There’s no need to be upset about that. I’m sure things will 　　　　　　　　well.  ⑥The Internet has now become the first place that the majority of people 　　　　　for information.  ⑦I 　　　　　　　　the volume and stood staring at the radio, holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song.  完成句子/句式改写 ⑧Bernard’s business 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　with so many people enjoying his popcorn.  → 　　　　　　　　　　Bernard’s business was very successful with so many people enjoying his popcorn.(用it作形式主语改写)  → 　　　　　　　　　　, Bernard’s business was very successful with so many people enjoying his popcorn.(用as定语从句改写)  结果证明伯纳德的生意很成功,很多人都喜欢吃他的爆米花。 Para3, Line3, Page8 As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air. 随着我的速度越来越快,实验室的墙壁随之坍塌,我置身野外。 fall away　(逐渐)减少;消失 fall over 被……绊倒 fall down 倒塌,跌倒;失败 fall off 从……摔下 fall into 分成;掉进,陷入;堕入 fall behind 落后;跟不上 用fall 相关短语的适当形式填空 ①If you take this medicine, all your pains and aches will 　　　　　　　　.  ②The six-minute speech silenced all the people and made them 　　　　　　　　deep thinking.  ③If you don’t come to class regularly, you will 　　　　　　　　in your studies.  ④It is commonplace that babies often 　　　　　　when they are learning to walk.  完成句子/一句多译 ⑤An hour out of London the rows of houses 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and we were surrounded by the beautiful countryside.  从伦敦出来一个小时后,成排成排的房屋开始看不见了,我们四周是美丽的乡村。 ⑥随着信心逐渐消失,消费者把更多的钱留在口袋里。 →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, consumers kept more of their cash in their pocket. (as)  →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, consumers kept more of their cash in their pocket. (with)  Para3, Line3, Page8 The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky… 太阳和月亮看起来好像正被抛向天空…… as if 似乎,好像 句式点拨 as if既可以引导表语从句,也可以引导方式状语从句,意为“仿佛,好像”。 as if 从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时,通常用陈述语气;当其所表示的情况不是事实,而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时,通常用虚拟语气,其从句时态变化如下: 与现在事实相反 从句用一般过去时(be动词用were) 与过去事实相反 从句用过去完成时,即“had+过去分词” 与将来事实相反 从句用一般过去时或“would/might/could/were to+动词原形”结构 单句填空 ①Frustrated and exhausted, he felt as if it 　　　　(be) the end of the world, his heart torn with despair.  ②It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I 　　　　　　　(do) it?  ③The car was juddering and trembling as if it 　　　　　　　　(explode).  完成句子 ④[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷读后续写] Tears swirling in his eyes, David raised his head, looking at me 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, but soon lowered his head once again.  戴维的眼泪在眼眶里打转,他抬起头,看着我,好像他要对我说点儿什么,但很快又低下了头。(读后续写之神态描写) ⑤The hall crowded with audience made me even more uneasy. My heart was pounding hard, 　　 　.  挤满观众的大厅让我更加不安起来, 我的心扑通扑通地好像要跳出来了。(读后续写) Para3, Line4, Page8 The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky, but soon there was division between night and day. 太阳和月亮看起来好像正被抛向天空,但很快就有了昼夜之分。 division　n.差异;分开;分隔;除(法) (1)division in/within…　　某方面的差异/分歧 division between A and B A和B的差异/分歧 (2)divide v. 使分开,分散;分配;除以 divide…into… 把……分成…… divide…between/among… 在……之间分配…… Opening hours will be divided into four time periods with a maximum of 2,500 visitors in each section. 开放时间将被划分为4个时段,每个时段最多接待2500名游客。 单句填空 ①The river forms the 　　　　(divide) between the heavy industrial and light industrial areas of the city.  ②The park, 　　　　(divide) into two sections along a stream, has several bridges built over the stream.  ③[2021·全国乙卷] They were randomly divided 　　　　four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels.   熟词生义 ④Social divisions will break down if people get to know each other. 　　　　　  ⑤[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷应用文写作] I’m very pleased with your teaching style, but I’d like to express my concerns regarding your plan to randomly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for post-class oral practice. 我对你的教学风格非常满意,但我想对你课后口语练习中随机把学生分成两人一组进行的计划表示担忧。 Para4, Line1, Page8 I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes! 我有一种强烈的欲望,想看看眼前那些随机闪现的东西! urge　n.强烈的欲望;冲动 vt. 催促;力劝;大力推荐 (1)have an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事 (2)urge sb to do sth 力劝某人做某事;敦促某人做某事 urge that sb (should) do sth主张/力劝某人做某事 It is/was urged that… 有人主张…… (3)urgent adj. 紧急的;急迫的 提示: urge后跟从句时,从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”结构,should可以省略。 As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. 随着我们变得越来越依赖电脑,一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能的发展带来的危险。 单句填空 ①On feeling the earthquake, the teacher stayed calm in the front of the classroom, urging all the students 　　　　(rush) out of the classroom as quickly as possible.  ②There is an 　　　　(urge) need for food and shelter for these displaced people.  ③I decided that if I learned of a company which used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an e-mail 　　　　(urge) it to cut back.  完成句子/一句多译 ④With the development of China, it is urged that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　without difficulty. Hence, anyone 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　can register for our Spoken English Club. 随着中国的发展,年轻人被敦促应毫无困难地与外国人交流。因此,任何渴望说流利英语的人都可以报名参加我们的英语口语俱乐部。 ⑤[2022·全国甲卷书面表达] 为了更好地保护海洋,我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们不合适的行为并且做出改变。 →To protect oceans better, we must 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　their own improper behaviour and make changes.(urge sb to do sth)  →To protect oceans better,we must 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　their own improper behaviour and make changes.(urge that…)  Para4, Line2, Page8 I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes! 我有一种强烈的欲望,想看看眼前那些随机闪现的东西! random　adj.随机的;不可思议的 at random (=randomly)胡乱地;随便地;任意地 It is better to read a few books carefully than to read many at random. 随便读许多书不如细细地读几本书。 单句填空 ①The participants were 　　　　　　　(random)selected from a pool of volunteers.  ②I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf 　　　　random.  Keys:①randomly　②at　 完成句子/句式改写 ③[2022·全国甲卷] Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem 　　　　　　　　　, but they are important in various countries.   这些文化用餐礼仪规则中的一些可能看起来随意而且奇怪,但它们在不同的国家很重要。 ④The survey was conducted in a random selection of women in the store. →The survey was conducted by 　　　　　　　　　　　　　in the store.(同义句改写)  Para4, Line5, Page9 So long as I travelled at maximum speed, it didn’t matter. 只要我以最高的速度前进，就不会有什么问题。 so/ as long as “只要”，表示充分条件，引导条件状语从句。 So long as we work with perseverance, we can make the impossible possible. 只要持之以恒地工作，我们就能把不可能变成可能。 As long as you work out on a daily basis, you will keep healthy. 只要你每天锻炼，你就会保持健康。 条件状语从句的常用引导词 ‌provided/providing that（倘若，只要）‌ You may go out providing that you finish your homework. ‌on condition that（条件是…）‌强调特定要求。 I lend you the book on condition that you return it next week. ‌suppose/supposing（that）（假设）‌用于假设性条件。 Supposing it snows, what shall we do? ‌only if（只有…才）‌语气比“if”更强。 Only if you apologize will I forgive you. ‌once（一旦）‌表示时间与条件结合。 Once you understand the rules, it becomes easier. Para4, Line8, Page9 But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else, we would be forced together and explode like a bomb! 但如果我停下来,同一个空间被别的东西占据,我们就会被挤在一起,像炸弹一样爆炸! explode　vi.& vt.爆炸;爆破 (1)explode with anger/rage 勃然大怒;大发雷霆 explode into laughter 哄然大笑; 爆发出笑声 explode to 激增至 (2)explosive adj. 易爆炸的;爆炸性的;激增的 (3)explosion n. 爆炸,爆破 单句填空 ①If you want to see a show that combines music, singing, drama, poetry and costume design with 　　　　　　(explode) effect, The Revenge of Prince Zidan ticks all the right boxes!  ②If the gas pipe 　　　　, the 　　　　would do great damage to the buildings around. (explode)  ③The number of the visitors who come to admire the flowers explodes 　　　40,000 during the tourist season.   完成句子 ④Professor Challenger’s face went red as a tomato. His beard was bristling. He looked ready to 　　　.  查林杰教授的脸红得像个西红柿。他的胡子根根竖起,看样子他简直要气炸了。(读后续写之神态描写) ⑤When Davis got the last point and won the match, the crowd 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  当戴维斯得了最后一分,赢得了比赛时,人群中爆发出掌声。 Ⅲ.练习答案（Ⅱ.重点语言点） Exercise2, Line9, Page6 Keys:①superiors　②to　 Keys:③is superior to ④smiled a superior smile Exercise2, Line9, Page6 Keys:①接手,接管　②占上风　③取而代之　 Keys:④take over　⑤take in　⑥take on　⑦took off　 Keys:⑧Taking over the task Exercise4, Three laws of robotics law2, Page7 Keys:①between　②with　③conflicted　 Keys:④My emotions were so conflicted　⑤conflicted more frequently with; With more frequent conflicts Para2, Line2, Page8 Keys:①backwards ②a ‌forward‌ movement ③paced ‌backwards and forwards ④我们应对规则了如指掌。 Para2, Line2, Page8 Keys:①fetch ②fetch and carry ③fetch water Para2, Line4, Page8 Keys:①结果是　②关掉,熄灭　③出席,在场 Keys:④turned down　⑤turn out　⑥turn to　⑦turned up　 Keys:⑧turned out (to be) very successful; It turned out that; As it turned out Para3, Line3, Page8 Keys:①fall away　②fall into　③fall behind　④fall down Keys:⑤started to fall away　⑥As confidence fell away; With confidence falling away Para3, Line3, Page8 Keys:①were　②had done　③would explode　 Keys:④as if he would say something to me　⑤as if it were about to pop/jump out Para3, Line4, Page8 Keys:①division　②divided　③into　 Keys:④分歧,分裂　⑤divide students into pairs Para4, Line1, Page8 Keys:①to rush　②urgent　③urging/to urge　 Keys:④the young (should) communicate with foreigners; who has/feels an urge to speak fluent English　⑤urge more people to reflect on; urge that more people (should) reflect on Para4, Line2, Page8 Keys:①randomly　②at　 Keys:③random and strange　④selecting women randomly/at random Para4, Line8, Page9 Keys:①explosive　②exploded; explosion　③to　 Keys:④explode with rage/anger　⑤exploded into applause Ⅳ.课文汉语译文 时间机器（改编版） 就在今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始了它的职业生涯。我最后检查了一下，坐进皮椅，把主面板上的起动杆向前推进一英寸，然后再立即向后推。我环顾四周，看到我的实验室还是和以前一模一样。到底有没有发生什么？我以为自己的头脑迷糊了，然后瞄了一眼时钟，发现刚刚是十点过一分左右现在已经快三点半了！ 我吸了一口气，紧握操纵杆，把它往前推。周围的实验室变得模糊不清。我的侄女进来取东西，可能是想拿她的手帕，显然她并没看到我。她大概花了一分钟的时间，但我看她移动得就像火箭（那样快）！我继续向前推杆。夜幕降临，就像一盏灯熄灭一样，再一转眼，已到了白天。第二天夜晚降临，接着又跃进到白天。如此反复，越来越快。 时间旅行的奇特和不适很难用语言形容，感觉就像是被人推着，快速行驶在一条蜿蜒曲折的道路上。随着我的速度越来越快，实验室的墙壁也逐渐消失了，我置身于室外。太阳和月亮看起来像是被抛起来划过了天空，但很快就有了白天和黑夜的分界。我看见周围的树木如袅袅青烟（升起）一般长高，瞬间就完成了生长、蔓延和死亡的过程。我看到高大的建筑拔地而起，然后宛如在梦中一般消失。整个地球表面都在我的眼前不断变化，时而消融，时而流动。算了一下，我正以每分钟数百年的速度被推着穿越时间。 我产生了一股强烈的冲动，想要看看眼前随机闪过的事物！我不止一次想过停下时间机器的风险。只要我以最快的速度行驶，就没有关系；但是，如果中途停下，同一个空间就会被其他东西所占据，我们会被迫聚在一起，像炸弹那样爆炸！我像个急躁的傻瓜一样，用力向后拉杆。一阵剧烈的晃动之后，时间机器翻转到旁边，我也被抛到了空中。 我昏迷了片刻，然后听到了雷声。此时正下着雨，我坐在机器旁边的泥里，喃喃自语道：“对穿越几千年时间来到这里的人来说，这真是极好的欢迎！” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语言点 Using Language Page8, 9 (指示性缩略语说明：Para1,指课文第1段。Line1指本段第1行。Page8指课本第8页。相关类似) (颜色使用说明：红色为宏观位置提示。绿色为重要语言点提醒。紫色为必做笔记部分。) (Ⅰ.常用简洁短语。Ⅱ.重要语言点。Ⅲ.课文汉语译文) Ⅰ.常用简洁短语 1.pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对Exercise1, Line1, Page6 2.superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹Exercise2, Line9, Page6 3.take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手Exercise2, Line9, Page6 4.conflict with 与……冲突或抵触Exercise4, Three laws of robotics law2, Page7 5.begin its career 开始它的旅程Para1, Line2, Page8 6.sit sb./oneself in a seat 使某人就座Para1, Line2 7.push...forwards/backwards 向前/后推……Para1, Line3 8.draw a breath 深呼吸Para2, Line1 9.fetch something 去拿东西Para2, Line2 10.turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是Para2, Line4 11.on a winding road 在蜿蜒的路上Para3, Line2 12.fall away (逐渐)减少；消失Para3, Line3 13.division between night and day - 昼夜之分Para3, Line4 14.rise up 上升；升起Para3, Line6 15.have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事Para4, Line1 16.the random things随机的东西Para4, Line2 17.flip on its side 侧翻Para4, Line10, Page9 18.thrown through the air 被抛向空中Para4, Line10, Page9 Ⅱ.重点语言点 Exercise2, Line9, Page6 In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over. 在科幻小说中,机器人往往超越人类,并接管一切。 superior　adj.更好的;占优势的; (在级别或重要性上)更高的 n.级别更高的人;上级;上司 be superior to　　比……更好/更胜一筹 be senior to 比……年长/职位高 be junior to 比……年龄小/职位低 be inferior to 比……差/级别低 His skills in basketball are superior to those of his teammates, which makes him a valuable player on the team.他的篮球技巧优于他的队友,这使他成为球队中的一名宝贵球员。 单句填空 ①He was a genius and valued by both his peers and his 　　　　　　(superior).  ②They have developed techniques superior 　　　　those used in most factories.  Keys:①superiors　②to　 完成句子 ③Some people hold the opinion that reading paper books 　　　　　　　　reading e-books in many ways while others argue that reading e-books is much better. 一些人认为阅读纸质书在很多方面优于阅读电子书,而其他人认为阅读电子书更好。(应用文写作之陈述观点) ④He 　　　　　　　　　　　as he drove past in his expensive new car.  他开着那辆豪华的新车驶过时,傲慢地微微一笑。 Keys:③is superior to ④smiled a superior smile Exercise2, Line9, Page6 In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over. 在科幻小说中,机器人往往超越人类,并接管一切。 take over　占上风;取而代之;接手;接管 take down 　拆掉;拆除;写下 take in 吸收;收留;欺骗;改小(尺寸) take off 脱下(衣服等);起飞,腾飞 take on 承担;决定做;呈现;雇用 take up 开始从事;占用(时间或空间);着手处理;继续(做);接着讲 take back 收回;退回;使回想起 Miss Smith has asked for sick leave, and I have to take over her work for a couple of days. 史密斯小姐请病假了,我不得不接管几天她的工作。 一词多义 ①Following his late father’s will, he was given the right to take over all businesses. 　　　  ②At the beginning of the game, our team took over. But in the end, we failed. 　　　  ③Social media platforms have taken over traditional forms of communication among young people.  Keys:①接手,接管　②占上风　③取而代之　 用take 相关短语的适当形式填空 ④Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to 　　　　　　　　our lives.  ⑤While reading popular science books, we can 　　　　　　　　more basic knowledge.  ⑥She was eager to 　　　　　　　　new responsibilities at her job.  ⑦Her career really 　　　　　　　　after she won the award for Best Actress  Keys:④take over　⑤take in　⑥take on　⑦took off　 完成句子 ⑧[2022·浙江1月考读后续写] 　　　　　　　　　　　, I immediately drowned myself doing analysis and assured him I would not let him down.  接手这项任务后,我立刻投身于分析中,并向他保证不会让他失望。 Keys:⑧Taking over the task Exercise4, Three laws of robotics law2, Page7 A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the first law.机器人必须服从人类下达给它的命令,除非这种命令与第一定律相冲突。 conflict with　与……冲突或抵触 (1)a conflict between…and… 　……和……之间的冲突 in conflict with sb 与某人有冲突 come/fall into conflict with 与……产生冲突 (2)conflicted adj. 因心理冲突而不知所措的 be conflicted about 对……感到矛盾 His views on the project conflict with those of the rest of the team. 他对项目的看法与团队其他成员的意见相冲突。 单句填空 ①There is a conflict 　　　　　　what they are doing and what you want.  ②He often conflicts 　　　　his classmates, which annoys his parents.  ③I felt deeply 　　　　　　(conflict) about whether or not to keep the wallet I had found.  Keys:①between　②with　③conflicted　 完成句子/句式改写 ④Instantly, without a few hours, the video went viral.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　between whether I should be happy or sad. 视频立即在几小时内就火了起来。我的情绪很复杂,不知道该高兴还是难过。 ⑤As the sailors 　　　　　　　　　the islanders, people could no longer live a quiet and peaceful life.  → 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　between the sailors and the islanders, people could no longer live a quiet and peaceful life.(用with复合结构改写)  随着水手们与岛上居民的冲突日趋频繁,人们再也无法过上清静太平的日子。 Keys:④My emotions were so conflicted　⑤conflicted more frequently with; With more frequent conflicts Para2, Line2, Page8 I pushed the starting lever on the main panel forwards an inch then immediately backwards again. 把主面板上的启动杆向前推了一英寸，然后立刻又向后推了一英寸。 ‌(1)forwards adv. 向前 backwards adv. 向后；倒着；往回 backwards and forwards　来回地 ‘Ambulance’ is written backwards so you can read it in the mirror. ambulance是倒着写的，以便在镜中认读。 I’ve read the report ‌backwards and forwards‌. 我把报告反复读了好几遍。 (2)注意与区别：‌ -s 有无的区别:‌ Backward vs. Backwards (Adv.) / Forward vs. Forwards (Adv.) ‌加 -s 的形式(backwards, forwards)主要用作副词。‌这是它们在表示方向时的最常见‌形式，尤其是在英国英语中。不加 -s 的形式(backward, forward)主要用作形容词，但在北美英语中也常用作副词。 形容词 (Adj): a ‌backward‌ glance (回头一瞥) a ‌backward‌ country (落后的国家 - 比喻) a ‌forward‌-thinking approach (前瞻性的思维方法) 副词 (Adv)，北美英语常见： He moved ‌forward‌/backward. (美式) He moved ‌forwards‌/backwards. (英式) 完成句子 ①The third wave was so strong it knocked me . 第3个浪头如此猛烈，把我击得往后退。 ② 向前的运动 ③He ‌ in the room. 他在房间里来回踱步。 ④We should know the rules backwards and forwards.（译成汉语） Keys:①backwards ②a ‌forward‌ movement ③paced ‌backwards and forwards ④我们应对规则了如指掌。 Para2, Line2, Page8 My niece came in to fetch something… 我的侄女进来取什么东西…… (1)fetch vt. to go and get something or someone and bring them back 去拿来；去取来；去请来”，强调去某个地方并把某人或某物带回来，是一个双向性动词。 Run home this moment, and fetch me a pair of gloves! 马上跑回家去, 给我拿一双手套来! (2)fetch sb. sth. 去给某人拿来某物。 Can you fetch me my coat? 你能帮我拿一下我的外套吗？ fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物。 She fetched a book for her brother.她为她弟弟拿了一本书。 fetch and carry (for sb) 为某人）打杂，当听差，跑腿 I helped out in the tents fetching and carrying. 我在帐篷里帮忙打杂。 (3)fetch与bring, take的区别： fetch：强调去某个地方把某物或某人带回来，包含“去”和“带回”的双重含义, 通常用于书面语。bring：强调把某物或某人带到说话者所在的地方。Take: 主要表示“拿走”“带走”，强调将某物带到另一个地方，但不强调“返回”。 完成句子 ①She's gone to the kids from school. 她去学校接孩子了。 ②I'm expected to for everyone in the office. 办公室里每个人都指望我听他们差遣。 ③He had to (to go and bring water from somewhere) from the well every morning. Keys:①fetch ②fetch and carry ③fetch water Para2, Line4, Page8 Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day. 夜幕降临了,仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭,转眼间,白昼就来临了。 turn out　关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是;生产 (1)turn out badly/well/all right 结果很糟/很好/尚可 turn out (to be)+adj./n. 结果是/原来是…… (2)It turns out that… 结果是/原来是……(用于主语从句) as it turned out 结果证明(用于定语从句) (3)turn down 关小;拒绝 turn in 上交 turn to 转向;求助于 turn up 偶然出现;到达;调高(音量等) Last week, we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out (to be) extremely rewarding.上周,我们带着外国学生去体验了地道的茶文化,结果证明是非常值得的。 一词多义 ①Despite the initial challenges, the project turned out to be a great success. 　　　  ②Don’t forget to turn out the lights before you leave. 　　　  ③Thousands of people turned out to welcome the team home. 　　　  Keys:①结果是　②关掉,熄灭　③出席,在场 用turn 相关短语的适当形式填空 ④He 　　　　　　　　the job because it involved too much travelling.  ⑤There’s no need to be upset about that. I’m sure things will 　　　　　　　　well.  ⑥The Internet has now become the first place that the majority of people 　　　　　for information.  ⑦I 　　　　　　　　the volume and stood staring at the radio, holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song.  Keys:④turned down　⑤turn out　⑥turn to　⑦turned up　 完成句子/句式改写 ⑧Bernard’s business 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　with so many people enjoying his popcorn.  → 　　　　　　　　　　Bernard’s business was very successful with so many people enjoying his popcorn.(用it作形式主语改写)  → 　　　　　　　　　　, Bernard’s business was very successful with so many people enjoying his popcorn.(用as定语从句改写)  结果证明伯纳德的生意很成功,很多人都喜欢吃他的爆米花。 Keys:⑧turned out (to be) very successful; It turned out that; As it turned out Para3, Line3, Page8 As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air. 随着我的速度越来越快,实验室的墙壁随之坍塌,我置身野外。 fall away　(逐渐)减少;消失 fall over 被……绊倒 fall down 倒塌,跌倒;失败 fall off 从……摔下 fall into 分成;掉进,陷入;堕入 fall behind 落后;跟不上 用fall 相关短语的适当形式填空 ①If you take this medicine, all your pains and aches will 　　　　　　　　.  ②The six-minute speech silenced all the people and made them 　　　　　　　　deep thinking.  ③If you don’t come to class regularly, you will 　　　　　　　　in your studies.  ④It is commonplace that babies often 　　　　　　when they are learning to walk.  Keys:①fall away　②fall into　③fall behind　④fall down 完成句子/一句多译 ⑤An hour out of London the rows of houses 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and we were surrounded by the beautiful countryside.  从伦敦出来一个小时后,成排成排的房屋开始看不见了,我们四周是美丽的乡村。 ⑥随着信心逐渐消失,消费者把更多的钱留在口袋里。 →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, consumers kept more of their cash in their pocket. (as)  →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, consumers kept more of their cash in their pocket. (with)  Keys:⑤started to fall away　⑥As confidence fell away; With confidence falling away Para3, Line3, Page8 The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky… 太阳和月亮看起来好像正被抛向天空…… as if 似乎,好像 句式点拨 as if既可以引导表语从句,也可以引导方式状语从句,意为“仿佛,好像”。 as if 从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时,通常用陈述语气;当其所表示的情况不是事实,而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时,通常用虚拟语气,其从句时态变化如下: 与现在事实相反 从句用一般过去时(be动词用were) 与过去事实相反 从句用过去完成时,即“had+过去分词” 与将来事实相反 从句用一般过去时或“would/might/could/were to+动词原形”结构 单句填空 ①Frustrated and exhausted, he felt as if it 　　　　(be) the end of the world, his heart torn with despair.  ②It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I 　　　　　　　(do) it?  ③The car was juddering and trembling as if it 　　　　　　　　(explode).  Keys:①were　②had done　③would explode　 完成句子 ④[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷读后续写] Tears swirling in his eyes, David raised his head, looking at me 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, but soon lowered his head once again.  戴维的眼泪在眼眶里打转,他抬起头,看着我,好像他要对我说点儿什么,但很快又低下了头。(读后续写之神态描写) ⑤The hall crowded with audience made me even more uneasy. My heart was pounding hard, 　　 　.  挤满观众的大厅让我更加不安起来, 我的心扑通扑通地好像要跳出来了。(读后续写) Keys:④as if he would say something to me　⑤as if it were about to pop/jump out Para3, Line4, Page8 The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky, but soon there was division between night and day. 太阳和月亮看起来好像正被抛向天空,但很快就有了昼夜之分。 division　n.差异;分开;分隔;除(法) (1)division in/within…　　某方面的差异/分歧 division between A and B A和B的差异/分歧 (2)divide v. 使分开,分散;分配;除以 divide…into… 把……分成…… divide…between/among… 在……之间分配…… Opening hours will be divided into four time periods with a maximum of 2,500 visitors in each section. 开放时间将被划分为4个时段,每个时段最多接待2500名游客。 单句填空 ①The river forms the 　　　　(divide) between the heavy industrial and light industrial areas of the city.  ②The park, 　　　　(divide) into two sections along a stream, has several bridges built over the stream.  ③[2021·全国乙卷] They were randomly divided 　　　　four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels.   Keys:①division　②divided　③into　 熟词生义 ④Social divisions will break down if people get to know each other. 　　　　　  ⑤[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷应用文写作] I’m very pleased with your teaching style, but I’d like to express my concerns regarding your plan to randomly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for post-class oral practice. 我对你的教学风格非常满意,但我想对你课后口语练习中随机把学生分成两人一组进行的计划表示担忧。 Keys:④分歧,分裂　⑤divide students into pairs Para4, Line1, Page8 I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes! 我有一种强烈的欲望,想看看眼前那些随机闪现的东西! urge　n.强烈的欲望;冲动 vt. 催促;力劝;大力推荐 (1)have an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事 (2)urge sb to do sth 力劝某人做某事;敦促某人做某事 urge that sb (should) do sth主张/力劝某人做某事 It is/was urged that… 有人主张…… (3)urgent adj. 紧急的;急迫的 提示: urge后跟从句时,从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”结构,should可以省略。 As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. 随着我们变得越来越依赖电脑,一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能的发展带来的危险。 单句填空 ①On feeling the earthquake, the teacher stayed calm in the front of the classroom, urging all the students 　　　　(rush) out of the classroom as quickly as possible.  ②There is an 　　　　(urge) need for food and shelter for these displaced people.  ③I decided that if I learned of a company which used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an e-mail 　　　　(urge) it to cut back.  Keys:①to rush　②urgent　③urging/to urge　 完成句子/一句多译 ④With the development of China, it is urged that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　without difficulty. Hence, anyone 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　can register for our Spoken English Club. 随着中国的发展,年轻人被敦促应毫无困难地与外国人交流。因此,任何渴望说流利英语的人都可以报名参加我们的英语口语俱乐部。 ⑤[2022·全国甲卷书面表达] 为了更好地保护海洋,我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们不合适的行为并且做出改变。 →To protect oceans better, we must 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　their own improper behaviour and make changes.(urge sb to do sth)  →To protect oceans better,we must 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　their own improper behaviour and make changes.(urge that…)  Keys:④the young (should) communicate with foreigners; who has/feels an urge to speak fluent English　⑤urge more people to reflect on; urge that more people (should) reflect on Para4, Line2, Page8 I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes! 我有一种强烈的欲望,想看看眼前那些随机闪现的东西! random　adj.随机的;不可思议的 at random (=randomly)胡乱地;随便地;任意地 It is better to read a few books carefully than to read many at random. 随便读许多书不如细细地读几本书。 单句填空 ①The participants were 　　　　　　　(random)selected from a pool of volunteers.  ②I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf 　　　　random.  Keys:①randomly　②at　 完成句子/句式改写 ③[2022·全国甲卷] Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem 　　　　　　　　　, but they are important in various countries.   这些文化用餐礼仪规则中的一些可能看起来随意而且奇怪,但它们在不同的国家很重要。 ④The survey was conducted in a random selection of women in the store. →The survey was conducted by 　　　　　　　　　　　　　in the store.(同义句改写)  Keys:③random and strange　④selecting women randomly/at random Para4, Line5, Page9 So long as I travelled at maximum speed, it didn’t matter. 只要我以最高的速度前进，就不会有什么问题。 so/ as long as “只要”，表示充分条件，引导条件状语从句。 So long as we work with perseverance, we can make the impossible possible. 只要持之以恒地工作，我们就能把不可能变成可能。 As long as you work out on a daily basis, you will keep healthy. 只要你每天锻炼，你就会保持健康。 条件状语从句的常用引导词 ‌provided/providing that（倘若，只要）‌ You may go out providing that you finish your homework. ‌on condition that（条件是…）‌强调特定要求。 I lend you the book on condition that you return it next week. ‌suppose/supposing（that）（假设）‌用于假设性条件。 Supposing it snows, what shall we do? ‌only if（只有…才）‌语气比“if”更强。 Only if you apologize will I forgive you. ‌once（一旦）‌表示时间与条件结合。 Once you understand the rules, it becomes easier. Para4, Line8, Page9 But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else, we would be forced together and explode like a bomb! 但如果我停下来,同一个空间被别的东西占据,我们就会被挤在一起,像炸弹一样爆炸! explode　vi.& vt.爆炸;爆破 (1)explode with anger/rage 勃然大怒;大发雷霆 explode into laughter 哄然大笑; 爆发出笑声 explode to 激增至 (2)explosive adj. 易爆炸的;爆炸性的;激增的 (3)explosion n. 爆炸,爆破 单句填空 ①If you want to see a show that combines music, singing, drama, poetry and costume design with 　　　　　　(explode) effect, The Revenge of Prince Zidan ticks all the right boxes!  ②If the gas pipe 　　　　, the 　　　　would do great damage to the buildings around. (explode)  ③The number of the visitors who come to admire the flowers explodes 　　　40,000 during the tourist season.   Keys:①explosive　②exploded; explosion　③to　 完成句子 ④Professor Challenger’s face went red as a tomato. His beard was bristling. He looked ready to 　　　.  查林杰教授的脸红得像个西红柿。他的胡子根根竖起,看样子他简直要气炸了。(读后续写之神态描写) ⑤When Davis got the last point and won the match, the crowd 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  当戴维斯得了最后一分,赢得了比赛时,人群中爆发出掌声。 Keys:④explode with rage/anger　⑤exploded into applause Ⅲ.课文汉语译文 THE TIME MACHINE（Adapted） It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career. I gave it a last check, and sat myself in the leather seat. I pushed the starting lever on the main panel forwards an inch then immediately backwards again. Looking around, I saw my laboratory exactly as before. Had anything happened? I thought my mind had tricked me. Then I saw the clock. A moment before, it was a minute or so past ten； now it was nearly half past three! I drew a breath, gripped the lever and pushed it forwards. The laboratory went hazy around me. My niece came in to fetch something, maybe her handkerchief, apparently without seeing me. It probably took her a minute, but to me she moved like a rocket! I pushed the lever further. Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day. Tomorrow night came, then skipped to day, again and again, faster and faster still. It is hard to explain the strange and unpleasant feeling of time travelling. It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road. As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air. The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky, but soon there was division between night and day. Around me I saw trees growing like puffs of smoke；they grew, spread, and died in moments. I saw huge buildings rise up, then disappear like in a dream. The whole surface of the earth was being changed, melting and flowing before my eyes. I calculated that I was being pushed through time at hundreds of years a minute. I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes! I had thought about the risk of stopping the Time Machine many times. So long as I travelled at maximum speed, it didn’t matter. But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else, we would be forced together and explode like a bomb! Like an impatient fool, I pulled the lever backwards hard. With a sudden jolt, the Time Machine was flipped on its side, and I was thrown through the air. I was stunned for a moment, and then heard the sound of thunder. I was sitting in the rain in some mud next to the machine. “A fine welcome,” I said, “for a man who has travelled thousands of years to be here!” 课文汉语译文 时间机器（改编版） 就在今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始了它的职业生涯。我最后检查了一下，坐进皮椅，把主面板上的起动杆向前推进一英寸，然后再立即向后推。我环顾四周，看到我的实验室还是和以前一模一样。到底有没有发生什么？我以为自己的头脑迷糊了，然后瞄了一眼时钟，发现刚刚是十点过一分左右现在已经快三点半了！ 我吸了一口气，紧握操纵杆，把它往前推。周围的实验室变得模糊不清。我的侄女进来取东西，可能是想拿她的手帕，显然她并没看到我。她大概花了一分钟的时间，但我看她移动得就像火箭（那样快）！我继续向前推杆。夜幕降临，就像一盏灯熄灭一样，再一转眼，已到了白天。第二天夜晚降临，接着又跃进到白天。如此反复，越来越快。 时间旅行的奇特和不适很难用语言形容，感觉就像是被人推着，快速行驶在一条蜿蜒曲折的道路上。随着我的速度越来越快，实验室的墙壁也逐渐消失了，我置身于室外。太阳和月亮看起来像是被抛起来划过了天空，但很快就有了白天和黑夜的分界。我看见周围的树木如袅袅青烟（升起）一般长高，瞬间就完成了生长、蔓延和死亡的过程。我看到高大的建筑拔地而起，然后宛如在梦中一般消失。整个地球表面都在我的眼前不断变化，时而消融，时而流动。算了一下，我正以每分钟数百年的速度被推着穿越时间。 我产生了一股强烈的冲动，想要看看眼前随机闪过的事物！我不止一次想过停下时间机器的风险。只要我以最快的速度行驶，就没有关系；但是，如果中途停下，同一个空间就会被其他东西所占据，我们会被迫聚在一起，像炸弹那样爆炸！我像个急躁的傻瓜一样，用力向后拉杆。一阵剧烈的晃动之后，时间机器翻转到旁边，我也被抛到了空中。 我昏迷了片刻，然后听到了雷声。此时正下着雨，我坐在机器旁边的泥里，喃喃自语道：“对穿越几千年时间来到这里的人来说，这真是极好的欢迎！” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$