精品解析：上海市进才中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题

上海市进才中学2024学年第二学期期末考试 高一英语试卷 (时间120分钟，满分150分) I. Listening comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She is a student. B. She is a journalist. C. She is a chef. D. She is a fitness trainer. 2. A. At a bookstore. B. At a library. C. At a party. D. At a gym. 3. A. He is a nutritionist. B. He eats a balanced diet. C. He follows a strict exercise routine. D. He doesn't exercise much or eat healthily. 4. A. Meeting in the park on Tuesday morning. B. Meeting at Sarah's house on Wednesday. C. Meeting at the library on Monday afternoon. D. Meeting at a coffee shop on Sunday evening. 5. A. Advanced Literature. B. Advanced Psychology. C. Contemporary Literature. D. Advanced Psychology and Contemporary Literature. 6. A. To send mail less often. B. To change a delivery company. C. To keep her post as small as possible. D. To insure against loss for her delivery. 7. A. Bad weather. B. A lost suitcase. C. Delayed flights. D. Expensive hotels. 8. A. Working as a writer. B. Becoming a scientist. C. Being a professional athlete. D. Pursuing a career in finance. 9. A. He is a professional athlete. B. He is not interested in sports. C. He is disappointed in the team's loss. D. He is excited about the team's performance. 10. A. Language barriers. B. Eve-opening experiences. C. Fear of riding a rollercoaster. D. Seeking shared understanding. Section B (1.5'×10=15') Directions: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversations and a short passage, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Inventing a device to measure CO2 levels. B. Creating a VR experience for ocean conservation. C. Comparing bird feathers from different environments. D. Developing a conservation plan climate-affected areas. 12. A. Air quality. B. Soil quality. C. Water quality. D. Noise pollution. 13. A. To showcase the latest fashion trends. B. To celebrate traditional arts and crafts. C. To raise awareness about climate change. D. To promote STEM education and careers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. They attach the rope to the board and start the boat. B. They perform tricks to demonstrate advanced techniques. C. They teach beginners how to stand up and balance on the board. D. They provide detailed explanations about the history of wakeboarding. 15. A. To protect against sunburn. B. To keep you warm in chilly water. C. To help you float in case of a fall. D. To make you look more professional. 16. A. Describing a mix of watersports. B. Explaining how to ride waves on a wakeboard. C. Providing introduction and tips for wakeboarding beginners. D. Highlighting the importance of safety gear in watersports. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following dialogue. 17. A. To impress their colleagues in the boardroom. B. To improve their written communication skills. C. To effectively negotiate and make presentations. D. To engage in social interactions/ related to business. 18. A. Specific phrases to avoid using in business discussions. B. Topics that are considered inappropriate to discuss socially. C. Guidelines for effective communication in business settings. D. Traditional customs related to conversation in different cultures. 19. A. Complimenting the local sports teams. B. Inquiring about a person's age or income. C. Discussing the local art and literature scene. D. Asking about someone's favorite local food. 20. A. It's always useful in making business deals. B. It's unnecessary and may come across as insincere. C It plays an important role in being critical and honest in your opinions. D. It's a positive way to engage in conversation in different countries. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (1'×10=10') Directions: After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Transformative Power of Solo Travel Solo travel, considered by many as the ultimate form of self-discovery, has gained immense popularity among young adults in recent years. Unlike group tours ____1____ everything is arranged, traveling alone pushes individuals out of their comfort zones, forcing them to confront unexpected challenges. Statistics show that the number of solo travelers under 30 ____2____ (increase) by 150% since 2015. What drives this trend? Psychologists suggest that young people, growing up in an increasingly digital world, ____3____ (pursue) authentic experiences that social media cannot provide. When you're alone in a foreign country with no one ____4____ (rely) on, every decision — from navigating public transportation ____5____ ordering food in a local dialect — becomes a lesson in independence. However, solo travel isn't without risks. Seasoned travelers recommend ___6___ (research) local customs thoroughly beforehand. In certain Middle Eastern countries, for instance, women traveling alone are expected to dress modestly to avoid unwanted attention. Failure ____7____ (respect) cultural norms may lead to serious consequences. Ultimately, those ____8____ have experienced solo travel often describe it as life-changing. The challenges overcome and perspectives gained tend to have ____9____ profound impact that no classroom education can match. As travel writer Pico Lyer once remarked, “We travel initially to lose ourselves; we travel next to find ourselves.” Perhaps this explains _____10_____ more young people are choosing to embark on journeys alone, seeking not just destinations, but transformations. Section B (1'×10=10') Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A competitive B. consequences C. desired D. divides E. distinguishes. F. facilities G. guarantee H. guilt I. imposed J. linked K. transferred What You Don’t Know about Gyms 150 minutes of exercise a week: that’s how much we should all be doing. Does this mean that gyms are the best ways to ____11____ our health? Maybe, but they are not without their own health risks. Recent studies have suggested that some gym-goers’ hygiene standards leave much to be ____12____. Bacteria that can cause serious illness, such as food poisoning or pneumonia, was found on the surface of gym ____13____. Sweat and the increased temperature caused by exercise can help dangerous bacteria grow on the skin, which can be ____14____ to our clothing. It might not just be the microbes at a gym that could be toxic. Toxic gym culture may be leading people to feel judged or intimidated (害怕). In a 2019 US study, over half those surveyed felt anxious when going to the gym. This feeling of being judged, and an overly ____15____ atmosphere, could create pressure to over-exercise. The Cleveland Clinic ____16____ between overreaching and over-training. The first is the result of a single instance of over-exercise, which leads to-little more than muscle soreness, while the latter is more long-term and can have more serious ____17____. Over-training has been linked to injuries, fatigue, reduced appetite and problems with sleep or weight gain. When exercise becomes ____18____, it can also be dangerous for our mental health. Writing for CNET, wellness writer Taylor Leamey warns that feeling ____19____ at missed gym sessions or trying to use exercise as a way to control our bodies could be signs that exercise dependency is a problem. This can be ____20____ with having a negative body image. Of course, we shouldn’t forget that exercise can really help our physical and mental health, as long as we can maintain a healthy relationship with it. Ⅲ. Reading and Comprehension Section A (1.5'×15=22.5') Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Ultra-Processed Food Could Be Taking Years off Your Life They’re cheap, convenient, and engineered to taste oddly delicious — but new research suggests that eating a diet high in ultra-processed food could quietly increase your risk of dying years earlier than expected. A massive international study published this week in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine analyzed data from more than 240,000 adults across eight countries and found a clear ____21____ between diets high in ultra-processed foods and premature death. Specifically, the researchers estimated that in the. U. S., up to 14% of all early deaths — defined as dying between ages 30 and 69 — could be ____22____ to these types of foods. “The findings support that ultra-processed food ____23____ contributes significantly to the overall burden of disease in many countries,” the researchers wrote, adding that reducing these foods should be part of public health policy. That might sound ____24____, but it tracks with what nutrition experts have been saying for years. Ultra-processed foods — packaged items loaded with additives, flavor enhancers, stabilizers, and preservatives — ____25____ about 70% of the modern food supply. That includes chips, sodas, frozen meals, sugary cereals, protein bars, and even many items that look healthy on the surface. “These are foods that definitely don’t exist in nature by themselves,” said dietitian Scott Keatley, R. D., explaining that they’re built for shelf life and addictive flavor, not ____26____. Beyond the lack of vitamins or fiber, ultra-processed foods tend to ____27____ out whole foods that actually support health. According to Keatley, this dietary shift ____28____ the risk of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, visceral fat buildup, and DNA damage — factors that are all linked to heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. “Over time, the cumulative (累积的) damage can ____29____ years off a lifespan,” he said, “especially in people who are already metabolically vulnerable.” That doesn’t mean you have to live on kale (羽衣甘蓝) and salmon forever. Dietitian Jessica Cording, R. D., recommends a balanced 85/15 ____30____. This means eating mostly whole foods, while still leaving room for ____31____ processed options. “It’s not ____32____ that the foods are a one-way ticket to early death,” she said. “But it’s more like there are things that happen because of them.” Even within the ultra-processed ____33____, some choices are better than others. A fortified (营养强化的) plant milk or a low-sugar protein bar is miles better than a sleeve of frosted pastries. But nutritionists agree: chips, soda, and frozen desserts shouldn't be your main dietary ____34____. ____35____, what you eat most often — not occasionally — is what ends up shaping your long-term health. 21. A. contrast B. sign C. fault D. connection 22. A. attributed B. submitted C. distributed D. restricted 23. A. production B. intake C. transport D. storage 24. A. dramatic B. appealing C. selective D. established 25. A. put up B. bring up C. make up D. push up 26. A. calorie B. nutrition C. contribution D. satisfaction 27. A. crowd B. run C. burn D. work 28. A. maps B. marks C. raises D. ruins 29. A. add B. drive C. pick D. shave 30. A. conclusion B. procedure C. gap D. approach 31. A. occasional B. multiple C. complex D. eventual 32. A. originally B. deliberately C. practically D. essentially 33. A. schedule B. category C. reach D. program 34. A. requests B. channels C. characters D. directions 35. A. In turn B. After all C. To conclude D. On purpose Section B (2'×11=22') Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Frances Arnold has always been a rebel (叛逆者). Her willingness to question authority and make her own way helped her earn the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her pioneering work in ‌“directed evolution of enzymes (酶)”. Getting there, though, required Arnold to enhance her innovative effort in a process that took decades. Arnold, 64, grew up in a conservative family in a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. At the age of 15, she left home to seek an independent life. She found her own apartment in the city and worked a number of jobs to get by — while still attending high school. The experience taught her valuable life lessons. ‌“I’m not a follower,” she says, ‌“I had to do my thing in my own way and often it was the hard way.” Arnold eventually gave in to her family. She applied to the Mechanical Engineering Department at Princeton University, her dad’s alma mater (母校). After graduating in 1979, she briefly took up jobs in solar technology before realizing it was not where her passion lay. Her determination to make a difference, however, remained unchanged. She went back to school to earn advanced degrees in chemical engineering at the University of California at Berkeley. When she completed her postdoctoral work there in 1986, Arnold joined the faculty at Caltech and has since been working there in the fields of chemical engineering, bioengineering and biochemistry. In terms of research potential, her timing was perfect. The world of DNA was just opening up. Gene splicing (基因剪接) technology was new. ‌“We were hoping to make the code of life work for us,” Arnold recalls. At the time it was a complicated, laborious process that required knowing which changes in the DNA would lead to whatever traits the researchers wanted to change. To make a useful medicine, for instance, the responsible gene had to be modified. Never one to follow the crowd, she thought she had a better idea — use evolution, because DNA was ‌“composed by evolution over the millennia”. Her vision was to speed it up and make it work for us. ‌“Humans have been creating new forms of life by artificial selection for thousands of years,” she says. ‌“From corn to hairless cats, we’ve been modifying DNA to serve us by choosing who goes on to parent the next generation.” She decided to breed proteins that had the traits she was interested in. And as it turned out, proteins were able to adapt quickly to new demands that were being placed upon them. ‌“To me, (directed evolution) seemed obvious,” she recalls. This was not true for everyone. ‌“I got a lot of pushback. People were telling me the only proper way was to sit down and design genes.” Despite the pressure, Arnold persevered. In part, it was her determination and courage. But she doesn’t claim credit for herself. ‌“Anything I do is small. But I enlarge that by sharing ideas with other people,” she says, ‌“They gave me the Nobel Prize really because my ideas were magnified by so many other people.” 36. Which of the following is true about Arnold? A. She never listened to what her parents said. B. She didn’t know early on that her interest was in studying DNA. C. She had to take several part-time jobs to put her through college. D. She applied to study engineering because it’s the best major in his father’s alma mater. 37. Which of the following is not the function of DNA before Arnold’s research? A. To make effective medicine. B. To cultivate plants. C. To change physical features of animals. D. To breed proteins. 38. What is the secret of Arnold’s success? A. Her optimistic attitude towards life. B. Her natural curiosity about everything. C. Her willingness and courage to take an unusual path. D. Her passion for making a difference in the scientific world. 39. What is the best title for the passage? A. The magic of the modification of DNA B. The unusual path to the Nobel Prize C. Being straightforward and stubborn works D. The power of team work in the scientific world (B) Van Gogh experienced a mental disorder Experts analyzed van Gogh’s medical records and hundreds of his letters, and interviewed three historians specializing in the artist. They believe that the findings point to the artist having experienced two periods of mental disorder in the final years of his life. These may have been caused in part by enforced withdrawal from alcohol, upon which van Gogh was increasingly dependent. HS2 dig shows magical marks Medieval graffiti (中世纪涂鸦) found in the remains of a church in Buckinghamshire may have been created to ward off bad spirits which is considered negative at that time, experts suggest. The marks, found carved into stones in the ruined church, likely date from the 12th century. It’s among the discoveries made as work continues on Britain’s new high-speed HS2 rail line, which is set to begin operation from 2029. End of the Stone Age saw monumental building rise The final years of the Neolithic period (新石器时代) were marked by intense building activity and the construction of several large monuments in Britain, a new study suggests. Analysis of a henge (巨石阵) at Mount Pleasant in Dorset shows that it took between 35 and 125years to build, rather than centuries, as previously thought. Experts assume that the effort may have been inspired by a sense that times were changing. First settlers in North America used dog hair for clothing Finding a landscape short of animals to domesticate, the first humans to arrive in North America bred the dogs that traveled with them from Eurasia for hunting, for labor and, most often, for fur. That’s a theory suggested by a study of 170,000 dogs’ bones found in the northwest of North America. Their hair may have been made into yarn (纱线) for use in clothing, experts suggest. 40. What does the phrase ward off mean in the second paragraph? A. prevent B. cause C. invade D. reverse 41. Which of the following statement is true? A. Van Gogh’s mental disorder was completely caused by alcohol. B. HS2 dig is meant to discover Medieval ruins. C. The Neolithic period lasted about 35 to 125 years. D. First settlers in North America raised dogs mainly for fur. 42. Who are probably the target readers of the text? A. Animal protectors. B. Scientific researchers. C. City architects. D. History lovers. (C) If five-year-olds could read academic research reports, they might be alarmed by what they would find in a recent one from the Stanford Center on Longevity. The report opened with a bit of promising news: “In the United States, demographers (人口统计学家) predict that as many as half of today’s five-year-olds can expect to live to the age of 100.” But that was followed, several pages down, by a haunting prediction: “Over the course of 100-year lives, we can expect to work for 60 years or more.” In the United States, the average retirement age is 62. For most people, 40 or so years of work is more than enough, so the idea of an additional 20 is depressing. Perhaps that’s because we are imagining 60 years of work as it is for many people today: inflexible, all-consuming, poorly matched to the rhythms of life. For the sake of the five-year-olds, we should redesign work. “We work increasingly harder through the years when we’re having children,” said Laura Carstensen, director of the Stanford Center on Longevity. Work and family responsibilities both commonly peak in mid-adulthood. They can be really stressful, especially for women, who primarily bear the heavy burden of childcare. To address this Carstensen proposes allowing workers to scale their hours up or down throughout their careers, based on their responsibilities outside of paid work. She imagines two parents being able to temporarily reduce their full-time jobs to 20 hours a week when caring for their young children, and then gradually increasing their working hours later on. Under this model, people would work the same amount overall as they do now, but spread work out over more years of their lives. Moreover, working less during life’s “peak periods” would allow people to spend more time on their hobbies and with their friends. This could help avoid exhaustion. At some point in their 20s or 30s, many workers enter a season of life when jobs and families “steal” time from friendships. Temporarily reducing workloads could mitigate (缓和) that shift and allow people to live more varied lives. This vision makes a 60-year career feel manageable, but there are significant barriers to redesigning work in this way. “When we started having dual-earner households, that translated into people buying more stuff,” said Louis Hyman, a historian at Cornell University. So when people stay healthier for longer, it is unlikely that they will be able to opt out of working more. That said, retirement as we know it is a relatively new invention. Until the late 19th century, people typically worked until they were no longer physically able to. What has changed between then and now is that retirement became financially feasible. People’s incomes rose as productivity increased. And in the 1930s, the U. S. government started distributing Social Security payments to support people in their old age. It might be difficult to imagine a more humane style of work becoming the new norm. However, the world we are living in now would have been just as hard to imagine for our ancestors who-practically worked up until the moment they died. 43. What’s the main problem with today’s working career for most people? A. They may have to work full-time for as long as 60 years. B. They feel tired of having to engage in various social activities. C. They find it hard to be promoted when they have children. D. They struggle to balance their work and family commitments in middle age. 44. Which of the following chart might Laura Carstensen agree with about future career? A. B. C. D. 45. What might prevent people from retiring from work in the future? A. Unexpected health problems. B. The increasing desire for consumption. C. The busy schedule of parents. D. The Social Security payment. 46. What can be inferred form the last two paragraphs? A. Retirement is an idea that dates back to the Industrial Revolution. B. Retirement wouldn’t have become possible without economic progress. C. It was impossible for our ancestors to build up savings by doing a full-time job. D. Our ancestors worked until their death because of their poor working conditions. Section C (2'×4=8') Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Green Is the Building? In the world leaders meeting in Paris agreed to move towards zero net greenhouse-gas emissions in the second half of this century. That is a tall order, and the building industry makes it even taller. Cement-making alone produces 6% of the world’s carbon emission. ____47____ If you factor in all of the energy that goes into lighting, heating and cooling homes and offices, the world’s buildings start to look like a severe environmental problem. Governments in the rich world are now trying to promote greener behavior by obliging developers to build new projects to “zero carbon” standards. ____48____ All other types of buildings will follow in January of the next year. Governments in eight further countries are being advised to introduce a similar policy. ____49____ Wind turbines and solar panels on top of buildings look good but are much less productive than-wind and solar farms. And the standards only count the emissions from running a building, not those let out when it was made. Those are thought to account for between 30% and 60% of the total over a structure’s lifetime. Buildings can become greener. They can use more recycled steel and can be pre-made. The energy required to produce a wooden beam is one-sixth of that required for a steel one of comparable strength. When a mature tree is cut down, a new one can be planted to replace it, capturing more carbon. After buildings are torn down, old roofs are easy to recycle into-new structures. And for older buildings-to be more energy-efficient, wood is a good insulator (绝缘体). ____50____ Governments can help urge the industry to use more wood, particularly in the public sector — the construction industry’s biggest client. That would help wood-building specialists achieve greater scale and lower costs. A. For example, a softwood window frame provides 400 times as much insulation as a steel and 1,000 times as an aluminum. B. However, these standards are less green than they may seem. C. In January, all new buildings in the EU must be built to “nearly zero-energy” standards. D. Steel half of which goes into buildings, accounts for another 8%. E. This would favor wood as well as innovative ways of producing other materials. F. Zero-carbon building regulations should be altered to include the material emissions. IV. Summary Writing (10') 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Endangered Species An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct. Extinction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more. Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of the earth very soon if we don’t do anything to save them. There are many reasons why-species become endangered but most of them are due to humans. Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways. When humans move into a new area, the animals’ habitat is destroyed and there is nothing to eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms. Animal habitats are also destroyed because of pollution. Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms cause the destruction of habitats and animals can no longer live there. Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing. Animals are killed for their fur, bones or skin, or just for sport (消遣). Some seal species are now on the verge of extinction because they are killed for their fur to make coats. Tigers are shot to make medicine and tea from their bones, and crocodiles are caught to make bags and shoes. Overfishing means that large sea creatures like whales, tuna and sharks have all become endangered species, because too many are caught to make things like shark’s fin soup. So what can individuals and governments do to protect animal and plant species from becoming endangered? We should take care not to pollute natural areas, and farmers or companies who destroy animal habitats should face a financial penalty (处罚). Governments can help, too, by making it against the law to hunt, fish or trade in endangered species. If we all cooperate by taking these steps, we will protect our planet so that our children and their children can enjoy it too. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (3'+3.5'+5'+6'=17.5') Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 如今，传统民族服装与首饰在得到不停的完善后，已经走出国门、享誉海外。(perfect) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 为确保他们的本土文化保持完好无损，长辈们建议年轻一代遵循传统仪式的固定模式。(sound) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 大学毕业后，这个对野生动物保护充满热情的女孩不走寻常路，选择加入生物多样性观察项目。(enthusiasm) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 正如电影中描述的那样，这条路曾经荒无人烟，但现在农民在沿线售卖新鲜的农产品，使得农村和城市紧密地连接在一起，这条路开始呈现出一个崭新的面貌。(desert；which) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing (25') 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高一学生吴磊，近期学校打算在官方微信平台上开展一个“多彩校园”的短视频展评活动，并要求配上介绍。你对该活动很感兴趣，请写一篇短文作为你参展短视频的介绍，内容须包括： 1.你参展短视频的名称和内容； 2.你选择这些内容的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市进才中学2024学年第二学期期末考试 高一英语试卷 (时间120分钟，满分150分) I. Listening comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She is a student. B. She is a journalist. C. She is a chef. D. She is a fitness trainer. 2. A. At a bookstore. B. At a library. C. At a party. D. At a gym. 3. A. He is a nutritionist. B. He eats a balanced diet. C. He follows a strict exercise routine. D. He doesn't exercise much or eat healthily. 4. A. Meeting in the park on Tuesday morning. B. Meeting at Sarah's house on Wednesday. C. Meeting at the library on Monday afternoon. D. Meeting at a coffee shop on Sunday evening. 5. A. Advanced Literature. B. Advanced Psychology. C. Contemporary Literature. D. Advanced Psychology and Contemporary Literature. 6 A. To send mail less often. B. To change a delivery company. C. To keep her post as small as possible. D. To insure against loss for her delivery. 7. A. Bad weather. B. A lost suitcase. C. Delayed flights. D. Expensive hotels. 8. A. Working as a writer. B. Becoming a scientist. C. Being a professional athlete. D. Pursuing a career in finance. 9. A. He is a professional athlete. B. He is not interested in sports. C. He is disappointed in the team's loss. D. He is excited about the team's performance. 10. A. Language barriers. B. Eve-opening experiences. C. Fear of riding a rollercoaster. D. Seeking shared understanding. Section B (1.5'×10=15') Directions: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversations and a short passage, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Inventing a device to measure CO2 levels. B. Creating a VR experience for ocean conservation. C. Comparing bird feathers from different environments. D. Developing a conservation plan climate-affected areas. 12. A. Air quality. B. Soil quality. C. Water quality. D. Noise pollution. 13. A. To showcase the latest fashion trends. B. To celebrate traditional arts and crafts. C. To raise awareness about climate change. D. To promote STEM education and careers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. They attach the rope to the board and start the boat. B. They perform tricks to demonstrate advanced techniques. C. They teach beginners how to stand up and balance on the board. D. They provide detailed explanations about the history of wakeboarding. 15. A. To protect against sunburn. B. To keep you warm in chilly water. C. To help you float in case of a fall. D. To make you look more professional. 16. A. Describing a mix of watersports. B. Explaining how to ride waves on a wakeboard. C. Providing introduction and tips for wakeboarding beginners. D. Highlighting the importance of safety gear in watersports. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following dialogue. 17. A. To impress their colleagues in the boardroom. B. To improve their written communication skills. C. To effectively negotiate and make presentations. D. To engage in social interactions/ related to business. 18. A. Specific phrases to avoid using in business discussions. B. Topics that are considered inappropriate to discuss socially. C. Guidelines for effective communication in business settings. D. Traditional customs related to conversation in different cultures. 19. A. Complimenting the local sports teams. B. Inquiring about a person's age or income. C. Discussing the local art and literature scene. D. Asking about someone's favorite local food. 20. A. It's always useful in making business deals. B. It's unnecessary and may come across as insincere. C. It plays an important role in being critical and honest in your opinions. D. It's a positive way to engage in conversation in different countries. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (1'×10=10') Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Transformative Power of Solo Travel Solo travel, considered by many as the ultimate form of self-discovery, has gained immense popularity among young adults in recent years. Unlike group tours ____1____ everything is arranged, traveling alone pushes individuals out of their comfort zones, forcing them to confront unexpected challenges. Statistics show that the number of solo travelers under 30 ____2____ (increase) by 150% since 2015. What drives this trend? Psychologists suggest that young people, growing up in an increasingly digital world, ____3____ (pursue) authentic experiences that social media cannot provide. When you're alone in a foreign country with no one ____4____ (rely) on, every decision — from navigating public transportation ____5____ ordering food in a local dialect — becomes a lesson in independence. However, solo travel isn't without risks. Seasoned travelers recommend ___6___ (research) local customs thoroughly beforehand. In certain Middle Eastern countries, for instance, women traveling alone are expected to dress modestly to avoid unwanted attention. Failure ____7____ (respect) cultural norms may lead to serious consequences. Ultimately, those ____8____ have experienced solo travel often describe it as life-changing. The challenges overcome and perspectives gained tend to have ____9____ profound impact that no classroom education can match. As travel writer Pico Lyer once remarked, “We travel initially to lose ourselves; we travel next to find ourselves.” Perhaps this explains _____10_____ more young people are choosing to embark on journeys alone, seeking not just destinations, but transformations. 【答案】1. where 2. has increased 3. pursue 4. to rely 5. to 6. researching 7. to respect 8. who 9. a 10. why 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了独自旅行的变革力量，指出其近年来在年轻人中广受欢迎的原因、面临的挑战以及带来的深远影响。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：与一切都安排妥当的团体旅游不同，独自旅行将个人推出舒适区，迫使他们面对意想不到的挑战。此处为定语从句，先行词为group tours，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【2题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：数据显示，自2015年以来，30岁以下的独自旅行者数量增加了150%。根据时间状语“since 2015”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语为the number of solo travelers，助动词用has。故填has increased。 【3题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：心理学家认为，在日益数字化的世界中成长的年轻人，正在追求社交媒体无法提供的真实体验。根据语境可知，此处描述的是目前正在发生的事情，应用现在进行时，主语为young people，谓语动词用复数形式。故填pursue。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当你独自一人在异国他乡，无人可依靠时，从乘坐公共交通工具到用当地方言点餐，每一个决定都成为独立的教训。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，rely on与no one构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。故填to rely。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：当你独自一人在异国他乡，无人可依靠时，从乘坐公共交通工具到用当地方言点餐，每一个决定都成为独立的教训。此处为固定短语from...to...，意为“从……到……”。故填to。 【6题详解】 考查动名词。句意：经验丰富的旅行者建议事先彻底研究当地习俗。recommend doing sth.为固定短语，意为“建议做某事”，因此用research的动名词形式作宾语。故填researching。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：不尊重文化规范可能会导致严重后果。failure to do sth.为固定短语，意为“未能做某事”，因此用respect的不定式形式作定语。故填to respect。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：最终，那些有过独自旅行经历的人常常将其描述为改变人生的经历。此处为定语从句，先行词为those，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 【9题详解】 考查冠词。句意：克服的挑战和获得的见解往往会产生深远的影响，这是课堂教育无法比拟的。此处为固定短语have a profound impact，意为“产生深远影响”。故填a。 【10题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：也许这解释了为什么越来越多的年轻人选择独自踏上旅程，寻求的不仅仅是目的地，还有转变。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，应用why引导。故填why。 Section B (1'×10=10') Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. competitive B. consequences C. desired D. divides E. distinguishes. F. facilities G. guarantee H. guilt I. imposed J. linked K. transferred What You Don’t Know about Gyms 150 minutes of exercise a week: that’s how much we should all be doing. Does this mean that gyms are the best ways to ____11____ our health? Maybe, but they are not without their own health risks. Recent studies have suggested that some gym-goers’ hygiene standards leave much to be ____12____. Bacteria that can cause serious illness, such as food poisoning or pneumonia, was found on the surface of gym ____13____. Sweat and the increased temperature caused by exercise can help dangerous bacteria grow on the skin, which can be ____14____ to our clothing. It might not just be the microbes at a gym that could be toxic. Toxic gym culture may be leading people to feel judged or intimidated (害怕). In a 2019 US study, over half those surveyed felt anxious when going to the gym. This feeling of being judged, and an overly ____15____ atmosphere, could create pressure to over-exercise. The Cleveland Clinic ____16____ between overreaching and over-training. The first is the result of a single instance of over-exercise, which leads to-little more than muscle soreness, while the latter is more long-term and can have more serious ____17____. Over-training has been linked to injuries, fatigue, reduced appetite and problems with sleep or weight gain. When exercise becomes ____18____, it can also be dangerous for our mental health. Writing for CNET, wellness writer Taylor Leamey warns that feeling ____19____ at missed gym sessions or trying to use exercise as a way to control our bodies could be signs that exercise dependency is a problem. This can be ____20____ with having a negative body image. Of course, we shouldn’t forget that exercise can really help our physical and mental health, as long as we can maintain a healthy relationship with it. 【答案】11. G 12. C 13. F 14. K 15. A 16. E 17. B 18. I 19. H 20. J 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了健身房对健康的好处及其潜在的健康风险，包括卫生问题、有毒的健身文化以及过度锻炼带来的危害。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：这是否意味着健身房是保证我们健康的最佳方式呢？根据句意，这里需要一个表示“保证”意思的动词，能表达健身房和健康之间的这种关系，动词“guarantee”符合语境。to后接动词原形。故填G。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：最近的研究表明，一些健身房常客的卫生标准远远达不到理想状态。根据后文“Bacteria that can cause serious illness, such as food poisoning or pneumonia, was found on the surface of gym”可知，健身房的卫生标准不达标；“leave much to be desired”是一个固定表达，意思是“差强人意；还有很多有待改进的地方”，符合语境。故填C。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：在健身房设施的表面发现了能导致严重疾病，如食物中毒或肺炎的细菌。根据前面提到的“the surface”可推知，这里说的是健身房里设施的表面，名词facilities意为“设施，设备”，符合语境。作宾语故填F。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：汗水和运动导致的体温升高会促使危险细菌在皮肤上生长，这些细菌会转移到我们的衣服上。根据“bacteria grow on the skin”和“to our clothing”可知，细菌从皮肤转移到衣服上，用“be transferred to”表示“被转移到……”，符合语境。故填K。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种被评判的感觉，以及过度竞争的氛围，可能会造成过度锻炼的压力。根据前面说的“feeling of being judged”以及“overly”可推知，可知这里需要一个表示“竞争的”形容词来描述健身房的氛围，形容词“competitive”符合要求。作表语。故填A。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：克利夫兰诊所区分了过度劳累和过度训练。“distinguish between...and...”是固定用法，意为“区分……和……”，这里诊所对过度劳累和过度训练进行区分。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。故填E。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：前者是单次过度锻炼的结果，只会导致肌肉酸痛，而后者是长期的，可能会有更严重的后果。根据前面提到过度训练是长期的，以及后面列举的一些不良情况，可知这里说的是会有更严重的“后果”，名词“consequences”符合语境。作宾语。故填B。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：当锻炼被强制进行时，它对我们的心理健康也可能是危险的。根据常识和后文“it can also be dangerous for our mental health”可推知，强制锻炼对我们的心理健康是危险的，用动词“imposed”构成被动语态，表示“被强加于……”。故填I。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：健康作家泰勒·利米为CNET撰稿时警告说，错过健身课程会感到内疚，或者试图用锻炼来控制我们的身体，这可能是运动依赖成为问题的迹象。根据“missed gym sessions”可推知，错过健身课程会有不好的情绪，名词“guilt”意为“内疚，愧疚”，符合这种心理感受。作表语。故填H。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：这可能与负面的身体形象有关。“be linked with”表示“与……有关联”，这里说明运动依赖和负面身体形象之间的联系。故填J。 Ⅲ. Reading and Comprehension Section A (1.5'×15=22.5') Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Ultra-Processed Food Could Be Taking Years off Your Life They’re cheap, convenient, and engineered to taste oddly delicious — but new research suggests that eating a diet high in ultra-processed food could quietly increase your risk of dying years earlier than expected. A massive international study published this week in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine analyzed data from more than 240,000 adults across eight countries and found a clear ____21____ between diets high in ultra-processed foods and premature death. Specifically, the researchers estimated that in the. U. S., up to 14% of all early deaths — defined as dying between ages 30 and 69 — could be ____22____ to these types of foods. “The findings support that ultra-processed food ____23____ contributes significantly to the overall burden of disease in many countries,” the researchers wrote, adding that reducing these foods should be part of public health policy. That might sound ____24____, but it tracks with what nutrition experts have been saying for years. Ultra-processed foods — packaged items loaded with additives, flavor enhancers, stabilizers, and preservatives — ____25____ about 70% of the modern food supply. That includes chips, sodas, frozen meals, sugary cereals, protein bars, and even many items that look healthy on the surface. “These are foods that definitely don’t exist in nature by themselves,” said dietitian Scott Keatley, R. D., explaining that they’re built for shelf life and addictive flavor, not ____26____. Beyond the lack of vitamins or fiber, ultra-processed foods tend to ____27____ out whole foods that actually support health. According to Keatley, this dietary shift ____28____ the risk of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, visceral fat buildup, and DNA damage — factors that are all linked to heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. “Over time, the cumulative (累积的) damage can ____29____ years off a lifespan,” he said, “especially in people who are already metabolically vulnerable.” That doesn’t mean you have to live on kale (羽衣甘蓝) and salmon forever. Dietitian Jessica Cording, R. D., recommends a balanced 85/15 ____30____. This means eating mostly whole foods, while still leaving room for ____31____ processed options. “It’s not ____32____ that the foods are a one-way ticket to early death,” she said. “But it’s more like there are things that happen because of them.” Even within the ultra-processed ____33____, some choices are better than others. A fortified (营养强化的) plant milk or a low-sugar protein bar is miles better than a sleeve of frosted pastries. But nutritionists agree: chips, soda, and frozen desserts shouldn't be your main dietary ____34____. ____35____, what you eat most often — not occasionally — is what ends up shaping your long-term health. 21. A. contrast B. sign C. fault D. connection 22. A. attributed B. submitted C. distributed D. restricted 23. A. production B. intake C. transport D. storage 24. A. dramatic B. appealing C. selective D. established 25. A. put up B. bring up C. make up D. push up 26. A. calorie B. nutrition C. contribution D. satisfaction 27. A. crowd B. run C. burn D. work 28. A. maps B. marks C. raises D. ruins 29. A. add B. drive C. pick D. shave 30. A. conclusion B. procedure C. gap D. approach 31. A. occasional B. multiple C. complex D. eventual 32. A. originally B. deliberately C. practically D. essentially 33. A. schedule B. category C. reach D. program 34. A. requests B. channels C. characters D. directions 35. A. In turn B. After all C. To conclude D. On purpose 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究发现，食用大量超加工食品可能会增加早逝风险，营养专家建议以全食物为主，适量摄入加工食品，并指出长期饮食习惯对健康有决定性影响。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：本周发表在《美国预防医学杂志》上的一项大规模国际研究分析了来自八个国家的24万多名成年人的数据，发现饮食中超加工食品含量高与早逝之间存在明显联系。A. contrast对比；B. sign迹象；C. fault错误；D. connection联系。根据下文“Specifically, the researchers estimated that in the. U. S., up to 14% of all early deaths — defined as dying between ages 30 and 69 — could be ____2____ to these types of foods.”可知，研究人员估计，在美国，30岁至69岁之间的所有早逝者中，多达14%的早逝可归因于超加工食品，由此可知，研究中发现了饮食中超加工食品含量高与早逝之间存在明显的“联系”。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：具体来说，研究人员估计，在美国，30岁至69岁之间的所有早逝者中，多达14%的早逝可归因于这些类型的食品。A. attributed归因于；B. submitted提交；C. distributed分配；D. restricted限制。根据上文“a clear ____1____ between diets high in ultra-processed foods and premature death”可知，饮食中超加工食品含量高与早逝之间存在着联系，由此可知，此处指的是多达14%的早逝可“归因于”超加工食品。故选A项。 23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员写道：“这些发现支持了超加工食品的摄入导致了许多国家疾病负担的加重。”，并补充说，减少这些食品的摄入应该是公共卫生政策的一部分。A. production生产；B. intake摄入；C. transport运输；D. storage储存。根据下文“reducing these foods should be part of public health policy”可知，减少超加工食品的摄入应该是公共卫生政策的一部分，由此可知，此处指的是超加工食品的“摄入”对疾病负担有显著影响。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来可能很夸张，但与营养专家多年来的说法是一致的。A. dramatic夸张的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. selective选择性的；D. established已确立的。根据下文“but it tracks with what nutrition experts have been saying for years.”可知，这与营养专家多年来的说法是一致的，结合表示转折关系的“but”可知，此处指的是这听起来可能很“夸张”。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：超加工食品 —— 添加了添加剂、调味增强剂、稳定剂和防腐剂的包装食品 —— 约占现代食品供应的70%。A. put up搭建；B. bring up提出；C. make up组成，占（比例）；D. push up提高。根据下文“about 70% of the modern food supply”可知，此处指的是超加工食品约“占”现代食品供应的70%。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：营养师Scott Keatley解释说：“这些食物在自然界中肯定是不存在的”，并解释说，它们是为了保质期和令人上瘾的味道而设计的，而不是为了营养。A. calorie卡路里；B. nutrition营养；C. contribution贡献；D. satisfaction满意。根据上文“These are foods that definitely don’t exist in nature by themselves”以及“they’re built for shelf life and addictive flavor”可知，超加工食品为保质期和成瘾性口味而设计，而非“营养”。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了缺乏维生素或纤维外，超加工食品往往会排挤掉真正有益健康的天然食品。A. crowd挤满；B. run跑；C. burn燃烧；D. work工作。根据下文“According to Keatley, this dietary shift ____8____ the risk of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, visceral fat buildup, and DNA damage — factors that are all linked to heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes.”可知，这种饮食转变会增加患慢性炎症、胰岛素抵抗、内脏脂肪堆积和DNA损伤的风险，而这些因素都与心脏病、癌症和2型糖尿病有关，由此可知，此处指的是超加工食品往往会“排挤掉”真正有益健康的天然食品。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Keatley表示，这种饮食转变会增加患慢性炎症、胰岛素抵抗、内脏脂肪堆积和DNA损伤的风险，而这些因素都与心脏病、癌症和2型糖尿病有关。A. maps绘制地图；B. marks标记；C. raises提高；D. ruins毁坏。根据下文“factors that are all linked to heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes”可知，这些因素都与心脏病、癌症和2型糖尿病有关，由此可知，此处指的是这种饮食转变会“增加”患慢性炎症、胰岛素抵抗、内脏脂肪堆积和DNA损伤的风险。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“随着时间的推移，累积的损害可能会缩短寿命，尤其是对于那些代谢功能已经较弱的人来说。”A. add增加；B. drive驾驶；C. pick挑选；D. shave剃须，削减。根据上文“the cumulative (累积的) damage”以及下文“especially in people who are already metabolically vulnerable”可知，累积的损害对代谢功能已经较弱的人来说，可能会“缩短”寿命。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：营养师Jessica Cording建议采取平衡的85/15饮食方法。A. conclusion结论；B. procedure程序；C. gap缺口；D. approach方法。根据下文的“This means eating mostly whole foods, while still leaving room for ____11____ processed options.”可知，这意味着主要吃天然食品，同时仍然为偶尔的加工食品留出空间，由此可知，此处指的是营养师Jessica Cording建议采取平衡的85/15饮食“方法”。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这意味着主要吃天然食品，同时仍然为偶尔的加工食品留出空间。A. occasional偶尔的；B. multiple多个的；C. complex复杂的；D. eventual最终的。根据上文“This means eating mostly whole foods”以及下文“It’s not ____12____ that the foods are a one-way ticket to early death”可知，主要吃天然食品，但这些食物并不是早逝的必然原因，由此可知，此处指的是仍然为“偶尔的”加工食品留出空间。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她说：“这些食物本质上并不是早逝的必然原因。”A. originally最初；B. deliberately故意地；C. practically实际上；D. essentially本质上。根据下文“But it’s more like there are things that happen because of them.”可知，但更像是因为它们而发生了一些事情，由此可知，此处指的是这些食物“本质上”并不是早逝的必然原因。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使在超加工食品类别中，有些选择也比其他选择更好。A. schedule时间表；B. category类别；C. reach范围；D. program程序。根据下文“A fortified (营养强化的) plant milk or a low-sugar protein bar is miles better than a sleeve of frosted pastries.”可知，营养强化的植物奶或低糖蛋白棒比一袋糖霜糕点要好得多，由此可知，此处指的是即使在超加工食品“类别”中，有些选择也比其他选择更好。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但营养学家一致认为：薯片、苏打水和冷冻甜点不应该是你饮食的主要角色。A. requests请求；B. channels频道；C. characters角色，特征；D. directions方向。根据上文“some choices are better than others”以及“A fortified (营养强化的) plant milk or a low-sugar protein bar is miles better than a sleeve of frosted pastries”可知，即使在超加工食品类别中，有些选择也比其他选择更好，由此可知，此处指的是薯片、苏打水和冷冻甜点不应该是你饮食的主要“角色”。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，你经常吃的东西 —— 而不是偶尔吃的东西 —— 才是最终决定你长期健康状况的因素。A. In turn依次；B. After all毕竟；C. To conclude总之；D. On purpose故意地。根据下文的“what you eat most often — not occasionally — is what ends up shaping your long-term health.”以及上文内容可知，这里是对上文的转折性总结，即“毕竟”长期健康由日常饮食决定。故选B项。 Section B (2'×11=22') Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Frances Arnold has always been a rebel (叛逆者). Her willingness to question authority and make her own way helped her earn the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her pioneering work in ‌“directed evolution of enzymes (酶)”. Getting there, though, required Arnold to enhance her innovative effort in a process that took decades. Arnold, 64, grew up in a conservative family in a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. At the age of 15, she left home to seek an independent life. She found her own apartment in the city and worked a number of jobs to get by — while still attending high school. The experience taught her valuable life lessons. ‌“I’m not a follower,” she says, ‌“I had to do my thing in my own way and often it was the hard way.” Arnold eventually gave in to her family. She applied to the Mechanical Engineering Department at Princeton University, her dad’s alma mater (母校). After graduating in 1979, she briefly took up jobs in solar technology before realizing it was not where her passion lay. Her determination to make a difference, however, remained unchanged. She went back to school to earn advanced degrees in chemical engineering at the University of California at Berkeley. When she completed her postdoctoral work there in 1986, Arnold joined the faculty at Caltech and has since been working there in the fields of chemical engineering, bioengineering and biochemistry. In terms of research potential, her timing was perfect. The world of DNA was just opening up. Gene splicing (基因剪接) technology was new. ‌“We were hoping to make the code of life work for us,” Arnold recalls. At the time it was a complicated, laborious process that required knowing which changes in the DNA would lead to whatever traits the researchers wanted to change. To make a useful medicine, for instance, the responsible gene had to be modified. Never one to follow the crowd, she thought she had a better idea — use evolution, because DNA was ‌“composed by evolution over the millennia”. Her vision was to speed it up and make it work for us. ‌“Humans have been creating new forms of life by artificial selection for thousands of years,” she says. ‌“From corn to hairless cats, we’ve been modifying DNA to serve us by choosing who goes on to parent the next generation.” She decided to breed proteins that had the traits she was interested in. And as it turned out, proteins were able to adapt quickly to new demands that were being placed upon them. ‌“To me, (directed evolution) seemed obvious,” she recalls. This was not true for everyone. ‌“I got a lot of pushback. People were telling me the only proper way was to sit down and design genes.” Despite the pressure, Arnold persevered. In part, it was her determination and courage. But she doesn’t claim credit for herself. ‌“Anything I do is small. But I enlarge that by sharing ideas with other people,” she says, ‌“They gave me the Nobel Prize really because my ideas were magnified by so many other people.” 36. Which of the following is true about Arnold? A. She never listened to what her parents said. B. She didn’t know early on that her interest was in studying DNA. C. She had to take several part-time jobs to put her through college. D. She applied to study engineering because it’s the best major in his father’s alma mater. 37. Which of the following is not the function of DNA before Arnold’s research? A. To make effective medicine. B. To cultivate plants. C. To change physical features of animals. D. To breed proteins. 38. What is the secret of Arnold’s success? A. Her optimistic attitude towards life. B. Her natural curiosity about everything. C. Her willingness and courage to take an unusual path. D. Her passion for making a difference in the scientific world. 39. What is the best title for the passage? A. The magic of the modification of DNA B. The unusual path to the Nobel Prize C. Being straightforward and stubborn works D. The power of team work in the scientific world 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了弗朗西丝·阿诺德凭借叛逆精神和创新思维，历经数十年探索，最终因在“酶的定向进化”方面的开创性工作获得2018年诺贝尔化学奖的故事。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“After graduating in 1979, she briefly took up jobs in solar technology before realizing it was not where her passion lay. Her determination to make a difference, however, remained unchanged. She went back to school to earn advanced degrees in chemical engineering at the University of California at Berkeley.(1979年毕业后，她曾短暂从事太阳能技术工作，后来才意识到这并非她的兴趣所在。然而，她想要有所作为的决心始终未变。她回到学校，在加州大学伯克利分校攻读化学工程的高级学位)”可知，阿诺德早期曾短暂从事太阳能技术工作，后来才意识到这并非她的兴趣所在，然后又回到学校攻读化学工程的高级学位，这说明她之前并不知道自己的兴趣在于研究DNA。因此B项“She didn’t know early on that her interest was in studying DNA.”是正确表述。故选B项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“‘Humans have been creating new forms of life by artificial selection for thousands of years,’ she says. ‘From corn to hairless cats, we’ve been modifying DNA to serve us by choosing who goes on to parent the next generation.’ She decided to breed proteins that had the traits she was interested in. (‘几千年来，人类一直通过人工选择创造新的生命形式，’她说，‘从玉米到无毛猫，我们一直在通过选择下一代的繁衍者来改造DNA，为我们所用。’她决定培育具有她感兴趣特征的蛋白质)”可知，是阿诺德开始用DNA来培育蛋白质。所以在阿诺德的研究之前，培育蛋白质不是DNA的功能。故选D项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Her willingness to question authority and make her own way helped her earn the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her pioneering work in ‘directed evolution of enzymes (酶)’ .(她敢于质疑权威、坚持走自己的路，这使她因在‘酶的定向进化’方面的开创性工作而获得了2018年诺贝尔化学奖)”、倒数第四段“Never one to follow the crowd, she thought she had a better idea — use evolution, because DNA was ‘composed by evolution over the millennia’. Her vision was to speed it up and make it work for us.(她从不随波逐流，她认为自己有一个更好的主意——利用进化，因为DNA是‘历经数千年进化而成的’。她的愿景是加速进化，让它为我们所用)”和倒数第一段中“Despite the pressure, Arnold persevered.(尽管压力重重，阿诺德还是坚持了下来)”可知，阿诺德成功的秘诀在于她敢于质疑权威，愿意并且有勇气走不寻常的道路。故选C项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Her willingness to question authority and make her own way helped her earn the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her pioneering work in ‘directed evolution of enzymes’.(她敢于质疑权威、坚持走自己的路，这使她因在‘酶的定向进化’方面的开创性工作而获得了2018年诺贝尔化学奖)”以及后文对她不随波逐流，坚持独特研究方法的描述可知，文章主要讲述了阿诺德通过不寻常的方式获得了诺贝尔奖。B项“通往诺贝尔奖的不寻常之路”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选B项。 (B) Van Gogh experienced a mental disorder Experts analyzed van Gogh’s medical records and hundreds of his letters, and interviewed three historians specializing in the artist. They believe that the findings point to the artist having experienced two periods of mental disorder in the final years of his life. These may have been caused in part by enforced withdrawal from alcohol, upon which van Gogh was increasingly dependent. HS2 dig shows magical marks Medieval graffiti (中世纪涂鸦) found in the remains of a church in Buckinghamshire may have been created to ward off bad spirits which is considered negative at that time, experts suggest. The marks, found carved into stones in the ruined church, likely date from the 12th century. It’s among the discoveries made as work continues on Britain’s new high-speed HS2 rail line, which is set to begin operation from 2029. End of the Stone Age saw monumental building rise The final years of the Neolithic period (新石器时代) were marked by intense building activity and the construction of several large monuments in Britain, a new study suggests. Analysis of a henge (巨石阵) at Mount Pleasant in Dorset shows that it took between 35 and 125years to build, rather than centuries, as previously thought. Experts assume that the effort may have been inspired by a sense that times were changing. First settlers in North America used dog hair for clothing Finding a landscape short of animals to domesticate, the first humans to arrive in North America bred the dogs that traveled with them from Eurasia for hunting, for labor and, most often, for fur. That’s a theory suggested by a study of 170,000 dogs’ bones found in the northwest of North America. Their hair may have been made into yarn (纱线) for use in clothing, experts suggest. 40. What does the phrase ward off mean in the second paragraph? A. prevent B. cause C. invade D. reverse 41. Which of the following statement is true? A. Van Gogh’s mental disorder was completely caused by alcohol. B. HS2 dig is meant to discover Medieval ruins. C. The Neolithic period lasted about 35 to 125 years. D. First settlers in North America raised dogs mainly for fur. 42. Who are probably the target readers of the text? A. Animal protectors. B. Scientific researchers. C. City architects. D. History lovers. 【答案】40. A 41. D 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍四则关于梵高、HS2挖掘、新石器时代末期及北美首批定居者的历史与科学发现。 【40题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Medieval graffiti (中世纪涂鸦) found in the remains of a church in Buckinghamshire may have been created to ward off bad spirits which is considered negative at that time, experts suggest. (专家称，在白金汉郡一座教堂遗址中发现的中世纪涂鸦可能是为了ward off当时被认为是负面的恶灵。)”可知，中世纪涂鸦可能是为了抵御恶灵，故“ward off”意为“防止、抵御”。故选A项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Finding a landscape short of animals to domesticate, the first humans to arrive in North America bred the dogs that traveled with them from Eurasia for hunting, for labor and, most often, for fur. (由于发现北美缺乏可驯化的动物，首批抵达北美的人类饲养了从欧亚大陆带来的狗，用于狩猎、劳动，最常见的是为了获取皮毛。)”可知，北美首批定居者主要为了皮毛饲养狗。故选D项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，主要介绍四则关于梵高、HS2挖掘、新石器时代末期及北美首批定居者的历史与科学发现。目标读者可能是历史爱好者。故选D项。 (C) If five-year-olds could read academic research reports, they might be alarmed by what they would find in a recent one from the Stanford Center on Longevity. The report opened with a bit of promising news: “In the United States, demographers (人口统计学家) predict that as many as half of today’s five-year-olds can expect to live to the age of 100.” But that was followed, several pages down, by a haunting prediction: “Over the course of 100-year lives, we can expect to work for 60 years or more.” In the United States, the average retirement age is 62. For most people, 40 or so years of work is more than enough, so the idea of an additional 20 is depressing. Perhaps that’s because we are imagining 60 years of work as it is for many people today: inflexible, all-consuming, poorly matched to the rhythms of life. For the sake of the five-year-olds, we should redesign work. “We work increasingly harder through the years when we’re having children,” said Laura Carstensen, director of the Stanford Center on Longevity. Work and family responsibilities both commonly peak in mid-adulthood. They can be really stressful, especially for women, who primarily bear the heavy burden of childcare. To address this, Carstensen proposes allowing workers to scale their hours up or down throughout their careers, based on their responsibilities outside of paid work. She imagines two parents being able to temporarily reduce their full-time jobs to 20 hours a week when caring for their young children, and then gradually increasing their working hours later on. Under this model, people would work the same amount overall as they do now, but spread work out over more years of their lives. Moreover, working less during life’s “peak periods” would allow people to spend more time on their hobbies and with their friends. This could help avoid exhaustion. At some point in their 20s or 30s, many workers enter a season of life when jobs and families “steal” time from friendships. Temporarily reducing workloads could mitigate (缓和) that shift and allow people to live more varied lives. This vision makes a 60-year career feel manageable, but there are significant barriers to redesigning work in this way. “When we started having dual-earner households, that translated into people buying more stuff,” said Louis Hyman, a historian at Cornell University. So when people stay healthier for longer, it is unlikely that they will be able to opt out of working more. That said, retirement as we know it is a relatively new invention. Until the late 19th century, people typically worked until they were no longer physically able to. What has changed between then and now is that retirement became financially feasible. People’s incomes rose as productivity increased. And in the 1930s, the U. S. government started distributing Social Security payments to support people in their old age. It might be difficult to imagine a more humane style of work becoming the new norm. However, the world we are living in now would have been just as hard to imagine for our ancestors who-practically worked up until the moment they died. 43. What’s the main problem with today’s working career for most people? A. They may have to work full-time for as long as 60 years. B. They feel tired of having to engage in various social activities. C. They find it hard to be promoted when they have children. D. They struggle to balance their work and family commitments in middle age. 44. Which of the following chart might Laura Carstensen agree with about future career? A. B. C. D. 45. What might prevent people from retiring from work in the future? A. Unexpected health problems. B. The increasing desire for consumption. C. The busy schedule of parents. D. The Social Security payment. 46. What can be inferred form the last two paragraphs? A. Retirement is an idea that dates back to the Industrial Revolution. B. Retirement wouldn’t have become possible without economic progress. C. It was impossible for our ancestors to build up savings by doing a full-time job. D Our ancestors worked until their death because of their poor working conditions. 【答案】43. D 44. C 45. B 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了斯坦福长寿中心的一份研究报告，该报告指出如今的五岁儿童可能要工作60年甚至更久，这一现象引发了人们对工作与生活平衡的思考。文中还介绍了劳拉·卡斯滕森提出的弹性工作模式，以及未来人们可能难以退休的原因和退休制度的演变。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段““We work increasingly harder through the years when we’re having children,” said Laura Carstensen, director of the Stanford Center on Longevity. Work and family responsibilities both commonly peak in mid-adulthood. They can be really stressful, especially for women, who primarily bear the heavy burden of childcare. (斯坦福长寿中心主任劳拉·卡斯滕森说：“在生孩子的那几年里，我们的工作越来越辛苦。”工作和家庭责任通常都在中年达到顶峰。他们可能会感到压力很大，尤其是对女性来说，她们主要承担着照顾孩子的重担。)”可知，对于大多数人来说，如今职业生涯的主要问题在于他们在中年时难以平衡工作和家庭责任。故选D项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“To address this, Carstensen proposes allowing workers to scale their hours up or down throughout their careers, based on their responsibilities outside of paid work. She imagines two parents being able to temporarily reduce their full-time jobs to 20 hours a week when caring for their young children, and then gradually increasing their working hours later on. Under this model, people would work the same amount overall as they do now, but spread work out over more years of their lives. (为了解决这个问题，卡斯滕森建议允许员工根据有偿工作以外的责任，在整个职业生涯中增加或减少工作时间。她想象着两位父母在照顾年幼的孩子时，能够暂时将全职工作减少到每周20小时，然后在晚些时候逐渐增加工作时间。在这种模式下，人们的工作总量将与现在相同，但工作将分散在他们生命的更多年份中。)”可知，未来职业模式应是人们根据非工作责任灵活调整工作时间，整体工作总量不变但分散到更多年份，C项图表符合这种工作模式，即工作时长随人生阶段灵活变化，整体工作总量稳定。故选C项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中““When we started having dual-earner households, that translated into people buying more stuff,” said Louis Hyman, a historian at Cornell University. So when people stay healthier for longer, it is unlikely that they will be able to opt out of working more. (康奈尔大学的历史学家路易斯·海曼说：“当我们开始出现双职工家庭时，这就意味着人们会购买更多的东西。”因此，当人们的健康状况保持得更久时，他们不太可能选择减少工作。)”可知，人们消费欲望的增加可能会阻止人们未来退休。故选B项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That said, retirement as we know it is a relatively new invention. Until the late 19th century, people typically worked until they were no longer physically able to. What has changed between then and now is that retirement became financially feasible. People’s incomes rose as productivity increased. And in the 1930s, the U. S. government started distributing Social Security payments to support people in their old age. (话虽如此，我们所知道的退休是一个相对较新的发明。直到19世纪后期，人们通常会一直工作到身体无法承受为止。从那时到现在发生变化的是，退休在经济上变得可行了。随着生产率的提高，人们的收入增加了。20世纪30年代，美国政府开始发放社会保障金，以支持老年人的生活。)”可知，没有经济的进步，退休就不可能实现。故选B项。 Section C (2'×4=8') Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Green Is the Building? In the world leaders meeting in Paris agreed to move towards zero net greenhouse-gas emissions in the second half of this century. That is a tall order, and the building industry makes it even taller. Cement-making alone produces 6% of the world’s carbon emission. ____47____ If you factor in all of the energy that goes into lighting, heating and cooling homes and offices, the world’s buildings start to look like a severe environmental problem. Governments in the rich world are now trying to promote greener behavior by obliging developers to build new projects to “zero carbon” standards. ____48____ All other types of buildings will follow in January of the next year. Governments in eight further countries are being advised to introduce a similar policy. ____49____ Wind turbines and solar panels on top of buildings look good but are much less productive than-wind and solar farms. And the standards only count the emissions from running a building, not those let out when it was made. Those are thought to account for between 30% and 60% of the total over a structure’s lifetime. Buildings can become greener. They can use more recycled steel and can be pre-made. The energy required to produce a wooden beam is one-sixth of that required for a steel one of comparable strength. When a mature tree is cut down, a new one can be planted to replace it, capturing more carbon. After buildings are torn down, old roofs are easy to recycle into-new structures. And for older buildings-to be more energy-efficient, wood is a good insulator (绝缘体). ____50____ Governments can help urge the industry to use more wood, particularly in the public sector — the construction industry’s biggest client. That would help wood-building specialists achieve greater scale and lower costs. A. For example, a softwood window frame provides 400 times as much insulation as a steel and 1,000 times as an aluminum. B. However, these standards are less green than they may seem. C. In January, all new buildings in the EU must be built to “nearly zero-energy” standards. D. Steel half of which goes into buildings, accounts for another 8%. E. This would favor wood as well as innovative ways of producing other materials. F. Zero-carbon building regulations should be altered to include the material emissions. 【答案】47. D 48. C 49. B 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了建筑行业的碳排放问题以及如何通过采用更环保的建筑材料和建筑标准来减少碳排放。 【47题详解】 根据上文“Cement-making alone produces 6% of the world’s carbon emission. (仅水泥生产就占全球碳排放的6%。)”可知，此处是在举例说明建筑行业碳排放占比高，D项“Steel half of which goes into buildings, accounts for another 8%. (钢铁行业占另外的8%，其中一半用于建筑行业。)”，进一步举例说明建筑行业碳排放占比高，与上文形成并列关系。故选D项。 【48题详解】 根据上文“Governments in the rich world are now trying to promote greener behavior by obliging developers to build new projects to “zero carbon” standards. (富裕国家的政府如今正试图通过强制开发商按照“零碳”标准建设新项目，来推动更环保的行为。)”以及下文“All other types of buildings will follow in January of the next year.(所有其他类型的建筑将在明年1月跟进。)”可知，此处是在说明某个时间点对建筑的新要求，C项“In January, all new buildings in the EU must be built to “nearly zero-energy” standards. (1月份，欧盟所有新建筑必须按照“近零能耗”标准建造。)”，以具体案例（欧盟政策）衔接上文，又与下文时间相呼应。故选C项。 【49题详解】 根据下文“Wind turbines and solar panels on top of buildings look good but are much less productive than wind and solar farms. And the standards only count the emissions from running a building, not those let out when it was made. (建筑物顶部的风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板看起来不错，但比风能和太阳能发电场的效率低得多。而且标准只计算建筑物运行时的排放，而不计算建造时的排放。)”可知，此处是在说明这些标准存在不足，B项“However, these standards are less green than they may seem. (然而，这些标准并不像看上去那么环保。)”，可作为段落主题句，通过转折词However引出现有标准的缺陷，与后文的具体分析形成呼应。故选B项。 【50题详解】 根据上文“And for older buildings to be more energy-efficient, wood is a good insulator (绝缘体). (对于老建筑来说，为了提高能源效率，木材是一种很好的绝缘体。)”可知，此处是在说明木材作为绝缘体的优势，A项“For example, a softwood window frame provides 400 times as much insulation as a steel and 1,000 times as an aluminum. (例如，一个软木窗框的隔热性能是钢窗框的400倍，是铝窗框的1,000倍。)”中的“insulation”与上文“insulator”直接呼应，举例说明了木材的隔热性能。故选A项。 IV. Summary Writing (10') 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Endangered Species An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct. Extinction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more. Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of the earth very soon if we don’t do anything to save them. There are many reasons why-species become endangered but most of them are due to humans. Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways. When humans move into a new area, the animals’ habitat is destroyed and there is nothing to eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms. Animal habitats are also destroyed because of pollution. Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms cause the destruction of habitats and animals can no longer live there. Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing. Animals are killed for their fur, bones or skin, or just for sport (消遣). Some seal species are now on the verge of extinction because they are killed for their fur to make coats. Tigers are shot to make medicine and tea from their bones, and crocodiles are caught to make bags and shoes. Overfishing means that large sea creatures like whales, tuna and sharks have all become endangered species, because too many are caught to make things like shark’s fin soup. So what can individuals and governments do to protect animal and plant species from becoming endangered? We should take care not to pollute natural areas, and farmers or companies who destroy animal habitats should face a financial penalty (处罚). Governments can help, too, by making it against the law to hunt, fish or trade in endangered species. If we all cooperate by taking these steps, we will protect our planet so that our children and their children can enjoy it too. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Animals soon to be extinct are called endangered species which are mainly caused by humans. The main reason is habitat destruction caused by humans moving into new areas and pollution. Another reason is hunting and fishing for animals’ fur, bones or skin, and sometimes sport. Individuals and governments should cooperate to protect habitat and ban hunting and fishing. (58 words) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了濒危物种的概念，阐述了物种濒危主要是由人类活动导致，如栖息地破坏、捕猎和过度捕捞，最后提出个人和政府应合作保护濒危物种。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct. ②There are many reasons why species become endangered but most of them are due to humans. ③Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways. ④Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing. ⑤So what can individuals and governments do to protect animal and plant species from becoming endangered? ⑥If we all cooperate by taking these steps, we will protect our planet so that our children and their children can enjoy it too. 2. 缜密构思 将第1个要点提炼出濒危物种的定义；将第2、3、4三个要点整合说明物种濒危的原因；将第5、6两个要点整合提出个人和政府应合作保护濒危物种。 3. 遣词造句 Animals soon to be extinct are called endangered species. The endangerment of species is mainly caused by humans, including habitat destruction and hunting and fishing. Individuals and governments should cooperate to protect endangered species 【点睛】[高分句型1] Animals soon to be extinct are called endangered species which are mainly caused by humans. (运用了关系代词which引导限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Another reason is hunting and fishing for animals’ fur, bones or skin, and sometimes sport. (运用了动名词短语作表语) V. Translation (3'+3.5'+5'+6'=17.5') Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 如今，传统的民族服装与首饰在得到不停的完善后，已经走出国门、享誉海外。(perfect) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Nowadays, traditional ethnic clothing and jewelry have gone abroad and gained fame overseas after being constantly perfected. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、形容词、时态和介词短语。时间状语“如今”译为nowadays；主语“传统民族服装与首饰”译为traditional ethnic clothing and jewelry；“走出国门、享誉海外”分别用动词短语go abroad和gain fame overseas表示，作并列谓语，根据“已经”可知，描述过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时态have gone abroad and gained fame overseas，主语是复数概念，助动词用have；“在得到不停的完善后”可处理为时间状语，用介词短语after being constantly perfected表示，置于句末。综上，全句译为：Nowadays, traditional ethnic clothing and jewelry have gone abroad and gained fame overseas after being constantly perfected. 53. 为确保他们的本土文化保持完好无损，长辈们建议年轻一代遵循传统仪式的固定模式。(sound) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To ensure their indigenous culture remains sound, the elders advise the younger generation to adhere to the established patterns of traditional rituals. 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句、非谓语动词、动词（短语）、形容词和名词。“为确保他们的本土文化保持完好无损”为目的状语，可用不定式表示，“确保”可用动词ensure，“他们的本土文化保持完好无损”是ensure的内容，可用that引导名词性从句，作其宾语，that可省略，从句应该是描述当前的情况，时态宜用一般现在时，主语“他们的本土文化”可用名词短语their indigenous culture，系动词“保持”可用remain，表语“完好无损”可用形容词sound；主句应该也是描述当前的情况，时态宜用一般现在时，主语“长辈们”可用名词the elders，“建议某人做某事”可用动词短语advise sb. to do，“年轻一代”可用名词短语the younger generation，“遵循”可用动词短语adhere to，“传统仪式的固定模式”可用名词短语the established patterns of traditional rituals。故可译为：To ensure their indigenous culture remains sound, the elders advise the younger generation to adhere to the established patterns of traditional rituals. 54. 大学毕业后，这个对野生动物保护充满热情的女孩不走寻常路，选择加入生物多样性观察项目。(enthusiasm) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】After graduating from university, the girl with enthusiasm for wildlife protection chose to take an unusual path and joined the biodiversity observation project. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、介词短语和时态。“大学毕业后”作时间状语，可用介词短语after graduating from university表示；主语“这个对野生动物保护充满热情的女孩”可译为the girl with enthusiasm for wildlife protection，其中介词短语with enthusiasm for wildlife protection作后置定语；谓语“选择”用动词choose，描述已经发生的事情，用一般过去时态chose；“加入生物多样性观察项目”译为join the biodiversity observation project，用不定式形式作宾语。综上，全句译为：After graduating from university, the girl with enthusiasm for wildlife protection chose to take an unusual path and joined the biodiversity observation project. 55. 正如电影中描述的那样，这条路曾经荒无人烟，但现在农民在沿线售卖新鲜的农产品，使得农村和城市紧密地连接在一起，这条路开始呈现出一个崭新的面貌。(desert；which) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As is described in the movie, this road used to be deserted, but now farmers sell fresh agricultural produces along it, which closely connects the countryside and the city, and the road begins to take on a brand-new look. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态及定语从句。“正如…… 所描述的”表达为 As is described...，引导定语从句，as指代后文的整个句子作主语。“曾经”常用used to do sth，后接动词原形，“荒无人烟”可译为 be deserted ，所以“这条路曾经荒无人烟”为 this road used to be deserted；“新鲜的农产品”即 fresh agricultural produces；“使得农村和城市紧密地连接在一起”，这里用which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面 “农民在沿线售卖新鲜农产品” 这件事，“连接”用connect，“紧密地”是closely”，故翻译为为which closely connects the countryside and the city；“呈现出崭新的面貌”表达为 take on a brand-new look 。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。故填As is described in the movie, this road used to be deserted, but now farmers sell fresh agricultural produces along it, which closely connects the countryside and the city, and the road begins to take on a brand-new look. VI. Guided Writing (25') 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高一学生吴磊，近期学校打算在官方微信平台上开展一个“多彩校园”的短视频展评活动，并要求配上介绍。你对该活动很感兴趣，请写一篇短文作为你参展短视频的介绍，内容须包括： 1.你参展短视频的名称和内容； 2.你选择这些内容的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A Glimpse of Mingqi Campus My short video, “Colors of Youth”, captures the vibrant moments of campus life. The footage opens with students reading under the maple trees in the morning, followed by clips of a lively debate competition, a basketball match cheered by the crowd, and art club members painting sunset on the rooftop. I also included a scene of teachers helping students with math problems after class, and the canteen’s colorful food stalls at lunchtime. I chose these scenes because they reflect the true spirit of our school. The morning reading shows academic passion, the sports and art activities display creativity, and the teacher-student interactions highlight care. The video aims to prove that youth is not just about textbooks, but about growing in a colorful, dynamic environment. Through these frames, I hope to share the warmth and energy that make our campus a second home. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以高一学生吴磊的身份，为学校官方微信平台“多彩校园”短视频展评活动撰写一篇参展短视频的介绍，内容需包括视频名称、内容及选择理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 捕捉：capture → record 生动的：vibrant → lively 展示：display → showcase 活力：energy → vitality 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：My short video, “Colors of Youth”, captures the vibrant moments of campus life. 拓展句：My short video, “Colors of Youth”, captures the vibrant moments of campus life, which are filled with energy and warmth. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The footage opens with students reading under the maple trees in the morning, followed by clips of a lively debate competition, a basketball match cheered by the crowd, and art club members painting sunset on the rooftop.（运用了非谓语动词followed by作状语） 【高分句型2】Through these frames, I hope to share the warmth and energy that make our campus a second home.（运用了that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词warmth and energy） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $