专题11 Unit 6 When disaster strikes（Understanding ideas）【七升八】2025年新八年级英语暑期衔接讲义（外研版2024）

专题11 Unit 6 When disaster strikes （Understanding ideas） ( 单词学习 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.lost /lɒst/ adj. 丢失的 2.scared /skeəd/ adj. 害怕的 3.shut /ʃʌt/ v. 关闭 4.coach /kəʊtʃ/ n. 四轮马车 5.shocking /ˈʃɒkɪŋ/ adj. 骇人的 6.straight /streɪt/ adv. 笔直地 7.flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水 8.thick /θɪk/ adj. 浓密的 9.smoke /sməʊk/ n. 烟 10.ash /æʃ/ n. 灰烬 11.shower /ˈʃaʊə/ n. 一阵（洒落物） 12.erupt /ɪˈrʌpt/ v. 喷发 13.volcano /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ n. 火山 14.historical /hɪˈstɒrɪkəl/ adj. 历史的 15.hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/ n. 飓风 16.airline /ˈeəlaɪn/ n. 航空公司 17.rainstorm /ˈreɪnstɔːm/ n. 暴风雨 18.service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ n. 服务 19.motherland /ˈmʌðəlænd/ n. 祖国 20.orchestra /ˈɔːkɪstrə/ n. 管弦乐队 ( 课文解析 ) 失落的城市 　　1我和母亲住在庞贝附近的一个小镇上。这些天地球在震动。那天晚上，我正在睡觉，突然地面剧烈摇晃。 　　我妈妈冲进我的房间叫醒我。我们不得不在外面过夜。我妈妈很害怕。她一秒钟也没闭上眼睛。到第二天早上六点。许多建筑物仍在摇晃。我们决定离开这个城镇。 　　2 路上很拥挤。我们在城外的一个地方。就在那时，令人震惊的事情发生了。我们的教练不能一直往前走。它开始左右移动。海水突然退去，沙滩上留下了许多海洋动物。 　　3 我们注意到维苏威火山上空乌云密布。很快，云层飘了下来，遮住了大海。我妈妈让我继续离开她，但我拒绝丢下她。我们继续往前走，这时云层像洪水一样在陆地上蔓延。白天变成了黑夜。 　　空气中弥漫着浓烟，灰烬开始下起倾盆大雨。 　　在我们周围，女人们在叫，孩子们在哭，男人们在喊。人们试图在黑暗中找到他们的家人。 　　4 谢天谢地，过了一会儿，天亮了！一切都被灰烬覆盖着，就像冬天的雪。在一个充满希望和恐惧的夜晚之后，我们对未来的事情没有任何想法。 　　小普林尼 ( 知识解析1 ) 1 A lost city一座遗失的城市 （教材P85） lost /lɒst/ adj.丢失的，遗失的 The two boys are searching for a lost ball.这两个男孩正在寻找一个丢失的球。 拓展 （1）［形容词］迷路的 get/be lost迷路 If you have a map, you won’t be afraid when you get lost.如果你有一张地图，迷路时就不会感到害怕。 （2）lost还可作动词lose“丢失；失去”的过去式。 She lost her balance and fell down the stairs.她失去平衡，从楼梯上摔了下来。（东营中考） 2 My mother was so scared.我母亲非常害怕。（教材P85） scared /skeəd/ adj.害怕的，恐惧的 ［形容词］表示人的感受。近义词为afraid。 be scared of（doing）sth.害怕（做）某事 be scared to do sth.害怕做某事 be scared +（that）从句 担心…… She was very brave, but she was scared of the doctor.她很勇敢，但是她害怕医生。 Lucy is scared to go out alone at night.露西害怕晚上一个人出去。 I’m scared（that）I’m going to fall.我担心自己快掉下去了。 拓展 scary［形容词］可怕的；恐怖的 常用于表示事物的特征。 I don’t like to see scary movies.我不喜欢看恐怖片。 3 She didn’t shut her eyes for even one second.她甚至一秒钟都没有合眼。（教材P85） shut /ʃʌt/ v.（使）关上，（使）合上，（使）关闭 过去式和过去分词均为shut,动词-ing形式是shutting。 Philip went into his room and shut the door behind him.菲利普进了自己的房间，随手把门关上。 I heard his bedroom door shut.我听到他的卧室门关上了。 拓展 与shut相关的常见短语： shut off 关闭;切断煤气（或水等）的供应 shut up 闭嘴 shut down 停业；倒闭 4 Just then, shocking things happened.就在那时，惊人的事情发生了。（教材P85） shocking /ˈʃɒkɪŋ/ adj.惊人的，骇人的，令人难以置信的 辨析 shocking与shocked shocking 惊人的，骇人的 常用来描述事物的特征，在句中可作表语或定语。 shocked 震惊的 常用来描述人的感受，在句中常作表语。be shocked at/by...对……感到震惊 Andy shared his shocking discovery on the internet.安迪在网上分享了他的惊人发现。 We were all shocked at the news of his death.听到他去世的消息，我们都感到震惊。 5 Our coach couldn’t go straight ahead.我们的马车无法直行。（教材P85） coach /kəʊtʃ/ n.公共马车，四轮大马车 ［可数名词］复数形式为coaches。 This is the old coach road.这是旧时的马车道。 拓展 【语境串记】The coach is going to the new football field by coach to coach players for the Olympics.那位教练打算乘长途汽车去新足球场训练运动员备战奥运会。 straight /streɪt/ adv.笔直地，成直线地 The book is on the table straight in front of you.那本书就在你面前的桌子上。 She was looking straight at me.她直直地看着我。 拓展 6 My mother asked me to continue without her, but I refused to leave her behind.母亲让我别管她，继续走，但我拒绝把她丢下。（教材P85） 【巧学妙记】 后可接动词不定式作宾语的动词 想要拒绝莫忘记 want、refuse、forget 需要努力就学习 need、try、learn 喜欢同意加帮助 like、agree、help 希望决定后开始 hope、decide、begin/start leave behind留下；忘记带走 为“动词+副词”型短语。 I think I might have left my wallet behind.我想我可能忘带钱包了。 拓展 leave behind的其他含义： 把……抛在后面 When you are busy with a hobby, you leave all your worries behind.当你忙于一项爱好 时，你会将所有的烦恼抛在后面。 落后 I was left behind in maths after I missed three classes.我数学缺了三节课后，就跟不上 了。 7 The air was thick with smoke and ash began to fall in heavy showers.空气中弥漫着浓浓的烟雾，火山灰开始纷纷扬扬地落下来。（教材P85） thick /θɪk/ adj.浓密的；混浊的 be thick with...充满…… Thick black smoke rose over the city.浓浓的黑烟笼罩着这座城市。 The air was thick with dust.空气中弥漫着灰尘。 拓展 thick作形容词的其他常见用法： smoke /sməʊk/ n.（燃烧产生的）烟 ［不可数名词］ In cities, AI is used to watch out for cars that make black smoke.在城市里，人工智能被用于监测排放黑烟的汽车。 Where there is smoke, there is fire.无火不生烟/无风不起浪。 拓展 (1)［及物动词］&［不及物动词］吸（烟）；抽（烟） He is smoking a large cigar.他正抽着一支大雪茄。 He has a good living habit. He neither smokes nor drinks.他生活习惯很好，既不抽烟也不喝酒。 （2）［不及物动词］冒烟 The factory chimneys are smoking.工厂的烟囱正在冒烟。 shower /ˈʃaʊə/ n.一大批，一阵（在空中洒落或出现的小而轻的东西） A shower of leaves fell towards the ground.落叶纷纷扬扬飘向地面。 拓展 shower的其他含义： （1）［名词］淋浴；淋浴器；淋浴间 take/have a shower洗淋浴 I usually brush my teeth and take a shower at seven o’clock daily.我通常每天七点钟刷牙和洗淋浴。 I’d like to use the shower if that’s all right.如果可以的话,我想用一下淋浴间。 （2）［名词］阵雨；阵雪 There will be a heavy shower this afternoon.今天下午会有一阵大雨。 （3）［动词］(洗)淋浴 He had already showered by the time his parents got home.父母到家时，他已经洗完澡了。 8 While they were walking along the river, a great storm broke out.当他们沿河边散步时，下起了大暴雨。（教材P87） break out突然发生；爆发 不及物动词短语，不用于被动语态。 Do you know what to do if a fire breaks out?如果发生火灾，你知道该怎么办吗？ Fighting broke out between rival groups of fans.双方球迷发生了冲突。 拓展 含break的其他常见短语： break away 突然离开，逃脱 break down 坏掉，出故障；打破 break off 中断，停顿；折断 break up（使）破裂；解散 break into 强行闯入 9 ... there was a heavy rainstorm, so all train services were stopped. ……由于大暴雨，所有火车停运。（教材P87） service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ n.服务 Xi’an is known as a centre for software research, development and services.西安以软件研究、开发和服务中心而闻名。 The food is nice, but I don’t like the service there.食物很好，但我不喜欢那里的服务。 拓展 serve［动词］（给某人）提供，端上；服务 serve sth. to sb.=serve sb. sth.招待某人吃/喝某物 Her job is to serve breakfast and lunch to teachers and students（=serve teachers and students breakfast and lunch）.她的工作是为老师和学生提供早餐和午餐。 My father has served that company for 20 years.我父亲在那家公司工作了20年。 10 That wonderful music by a student orchestra lifted our spirit and gave us hope.学生管弦乐队演奏的美妙音乐振奋了我们的情绪，给了我们希望。（教材P87） spirit n.情绪；精神 （1）作“情绪”讲时，常用复数形式。 lift/raise one’s spirits 振奋某人的情绪 be in high/low spirits 情绪高涨/低落 The warm morning sun lifted our spirits.早晨温暖的阳光使我们精神为之一振。 She is in low spirits. Let’s cheer her up.她情绪低落。咱们让她振作起来吧。 （2）［可数名词］&［不可数名词］精神 Playing basketball teaches me the spirit of teamwork and never giving up.打篮球教会我团队合作和永不放弃的精神。 ( 随堂训练1 ) 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.It can help you feel more connected to the _________(nature) world. 2.—What's your _________(react) to the news?—I was so surprised. 二.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 3.我很难过,因为我的名字没有被提到。 I was sad because my name ________ _________. 4.所有这些问题并不简单。它们都跟哲学有关。 All these questions are not easy. They all ______ ____ philosophy. 三.从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 coach　flood　shut　shower　thick 1.In summer, the trees we planted in the school are _____ with green leaves. 2.They are going to the farm by _____. It is an easy and cheap way to get there. 3.The heavy rain has caused some ______ in many parts of the country. 4.Don't forget to ____ the door and windows when you are away. 5.We were caught in a heavy ______ and we all got wet all over. 四.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 6._________(smoke) and littering aren't allowed, either. 7.He's a two-year-old dog, and he got ______(lose) three days ago as we walked in the park. 8.Mary felt ________(scare) when she saw the black snake. 9.What a __________(shock) story it is! We don't believe it at all. 10.The article is about some __________(history) facts of the war. 五.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 11.当爷爷拒绝付款时,我很伤心。 I was so sad when Grandpa _________ ______ pay. 12.我们大叫,因为船开始左右摇晃。 We shouted loudly because the boat started to move ______ _____ _____ _____. 13.我妈妈冲进我的房间把我叫醒了。 My mother ______ ______ my room and woke me up. 14.昨天晚上八点我姐姐正在看电视。 My elder sister ______ ________ TV at eight o'clock yesterday evening. 15.挤青春痘可能会引起更多的发红 和疼痛,或者甚至可能会变成一种疾病。 Popping a pimple will cause more redness and pain, or even probably ______ ______ an illness. 16.这是名为维苏威的火山。它已经有很多年没有爆发了。 This is the _______ named Vesuvius. It hasn't _______ for many years. ( 语法学习 ) 过去进行时 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。其结构为"was/were+动词的现在分词"。 (1)过去进行时的各种句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+was/were+现在分词+其他. I was helping my father in the garden at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我正在花园里帮爸爸干活。 否定句 主语+was/were+not+现在分词+其他. I wasn't drawing at four yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午四点我没有画画。 一般疑 问句 Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答:No, 主语+wasn't/weren't. —Were you doing housework then?那个时候你在做家务吗? —Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.是的,我在做。/不,我没在做。 特殊疑 问句 特殊疑问词(不作主语)+was/were+主语+现在分词+其他? What were you reading this morning?今天早上你在读什么? 特殊疑问词(作主语)+was/were+现在分词+其他? Who was playing basketball here at eight last night?昨天晚上八点谁在这里打篮球了? (2)过去进行时的基本用法 用法 例句 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,常与then、at this/that time yesterday、at that moment、at ten o'clock yesterday等时间状语连用 —What were you doing at seven last night?昨晚七点你在做什么? —I was watching TV.我在看电视。 表示过去某段时间内一直持续进行的动作,常与the whole morning、"from+时间点+to+时间点+last night"等时间状语连用 We were waiting for you yesterday.我们昨天一直在等你。 在讲故事的语境中,用来描绘一幅景象 It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone. 它正坐在树上,朝着大家微笑。 过去进行时还可以和when、while、as引导的过去时间状语从句连用,构成复合句。 I was watching TV when they came to see me.我正在看电视,这时他们来看我了。 They arrived while we were having dinner.我们正在吃晚饭时他们到了。 I saw Peter as I got off the bus.我下公交车时看见了Peter。 知识点1 when引导的从句与过去进行时连用 一般情况下,when引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态: 主句 when引导的时间状语从句 过去进行时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去进行时 (1)when引导的时间状语从句既可以指时间点,也可以指时间段。因此,在when引导的时间状语从句中,谓语可以用延续性动词,也可以用非延续性动词。 It was raining when he reached Zhengzhou. 当他到郑州时正在下雨。 Someone called my name when I was waiting for the bus.我正在等公交车时,有人叫了我的名字。 (2)在含有when引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,如果主句用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时,则表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作(突然)发生了,强调后一动作发生的突然性。 I was listening to music when you called me.我正在听音乐,你(突然)给我打电话了。 We were dancing when a stranger came in.我们正跳着舞,(突然)一个陌生人走了进来。 这种情况下也可以用while表达,但不强调突然性。 While we were dancing, a stranger came in.我们正跳着舞时,一个陌生人走了进来。(只表示事实,不强调突然性) 知识点2 while引导的从句与过去进行时连用 一般情况下,while引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态: 主句 while引导的时间状语从句 过去进行时 过去进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 (1)通常while所引导的时间状语从句只指时间段,因此在while引导的时间状语从句中,动词必须是延续性动词。 Someone knocked at the door while my mother was cooking.我妈妈正在做饭的时候,有人敲门。 (2)当从句和主句的动作都是延续的或同时发生,且都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导。 My father was teaching me to play chess while my mother was correcting her students' homework.我妈妈在批改她的学生的家庭作业时,我爸爸在教我下国际象棋。 辨析过去进行时与一般过去时 时态 区别 过去进行时 强调过去某一时刻或某一时段内正在进行或持续的动作 一般过去时 表示过去的时间里所发生的动作,且动作往往已经完成 I was reading a book that evening. 那天晚上我在读书。 I read a book that evening. 那天晚上我读了一本书。 ( 随堂训练2 ) 一.单项选择 1.Alice 　　　in the sitting room when the accident happened.   A.reads　　　　 B.will read C.was reading　　　　 D.read 2.I’m sorry I didn’t answer your call because I 　　　online.  A.study　　　　 B.was studying C.am studying　　 D.will study 3.My English teacher took a photo of me while I 　　　at the sports meeting.  A.run　　 B.ran　　 C.was running 4.I met my favourite football player while I 　　　at the bus station.  A.waits　　　　 B.will wait C.is waiting　　　　 D.was waiting 5.—Do you know where your brother is, Mark? —Sorry. I 　　　about a question and didn’t hear what you had said.  A.was thinking　　　　 B.will think C.am thinking　　　　 D.was thought 6.The boys 　　　football in the playground when it suddenly rained.   A.play　 B.played　 C.are playing　 D.were playing 7.Henry 　　　in a restaurant 　　　a snake suddenly appeared.   A.worked;when　　　　 B.was working;while C.was working;when　　　　D.worked;while 二.根据汉语意思和所给的提示词语翻译句子 8.昨天晚上八点我正在客厅看书。(living room, o’clock) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  9.当我到家的时候,我妈妈正在厨房做饭。(when, got) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  10.在我写家庭作业的时候,有人敲门了。(while, someone, at) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  11.我看到他的时候,他正在和他的哥哥踢足球。(saw, football) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  12.昨天晚上十点你在做什么?(what) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  三.按要求写句子 13.My sister was cleaning the yard at that time. (改为否定句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  14.The students were playing football over there. (改为一般疑问句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  15.They were watching TV at 9:00 yesterday evening.(对画线部分提问)  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  16.They were running because they wanted to catch the early bus.(对画线部分提问)  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  17.Was your mother cooking in the kitchen? (作肯定回答) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  ( 综合训练 ) 一.完形填空 One day the No. 1 bus went along Louxing Road. Suddenly the 1 saw an old man lying on the side of the road. A woman next to him was shouting for 2 . The bus driver stopped the bus 3 thinking twice. He got off the bus and asked the woman what happened. She said that the old man had heart disease and should go to the 4 . The driver knew he had to act 5 . He told the passengers that he must take the man to the hospital. He expected most or all of the passengers to 6 and wait for the next bus. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. Some passengers helped the bus driver to 7 the man onto the bus. Thanks to the bus driver and the passengers, the doctor 8 the old man in time. Now many people don’t want to help 9 because they don’t want any trouble. But the driver didn’t think about himself. He only thought about saving a 10 . 1.A.doctor B.actor C.driver D.teacher 2.A.advice B.help C.people D.time 3.A.without B.with C.for D.of 4.A.park B.office C.hospital D.factory 5.A.loudly B.quickly C.slowly D.clearly 6.A.get off B.get on C.get up D.get away 7.A.fly B.fall C.move D.sleep 8.A.lost B.killed C.wasted D.saved 9.A.other B.others C.another D.the other 10.A.life B.passenger C.woman D.girl 二.阅读理解 A Safety Tips Topic: What if clothes are on fire? ●If your clothes catch fire, remember these three words: stop, drop and roll. ●If your friend’s clothes catch fire, don’t let him or her jump up and down. You can tell these three words to him or her loudly. ●Once they are rolling on the ground, you can use a blanket (毯子), towel or any other heavy cloth to help put out the flames on their clothes. ●Ask an adult for help right now. You can ask your parent or any adult you trust for help. If you have any good topics, please email us at safe123@126.com. Maybe next week we will talk about your topic. Safety Department for Kids 1.The passage is written for 　　　.  A.teachers　　　　 B.parents　　 C.children　　　　 D.doctors 2.Why does the passage mention “a blanket”? A.Because it can help you keep warm. B.Because you can find it at home. C.Because you can use it to put out fire. D.Because you can roll around on it. 3.What does the underlined word “flames” mean in Chinese? A.火焰　　 B.水渍　　 C.污迹　　 D.灰尘 4.The passage mentions some ways EXCEPT 　　　.  A.stopping, dropping and rolling B.using heavy cloth to put out fire C.asking an adult for help right now D.pouring some water over the clothes 5.We can read the passage from a magazine called “　　　”.  A.Healthy Life　　 B.Home Safety C.Different Jobs　　 D.Body Parts B An earthquake (地震) hit our hometown 12 years ago. The earthquake was so serious that now I can still remember it clearly. It was a sunny afternoon. My son hurt himself when playing soccer, and I took him to the hospital. At that time, we were waiting for our turn. Suddenly, I heard a loud noise. Then everything started to shake. People were running and shouting for help. I quickly grabbed (抓紧) my son and then stayed under the front desk. The shake lasted for about two minutes. After the earth stopped shaking, the noise died down. Everyone was completely shocked and could hardly speak. However, we soon realized that we should get out of the building as quickly as possible because we were on the second floor. We brought everyone together and walked to the first floor in silence. I noticed large cracks (裂缝) in the walls of the building while we were moving down. So scary! Luckily, we made it outside. What a special day! I’ll never forget it. 1.Where was the writer when the earthquake happened? A.At home. B.At school. C.At a hospital. D.At a hotel. 2.What did the writer do while everything was shaking? A.He ran out of the building. B.He shouted in the building. C.He slept in the bedroom. D.He stayed under the desk. 3.Which is the right order? ①They stayed under the desk. ②They went to a hospital. ③They got out of the building. ④The writer’s son was hurt when playing soccer. A.①②③④ B.④②①③ C.③②①④ D.④③①② 4.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to (指代)? A.The day. B.The earthquake. C.The cracks. D.The hospital. 5.What’s the best title of the passage? A.A Terrible Experience B.A Brave Son C.A Kind Doctor D.An Enjoyable Day C A serious earthquake hit America several years ago. It killed many people in a few minutes. Then a father left his wife who was safe at home and ran to his son’s school. When he arrived there, he found that the teaching building fell down. He remembered his promise (承诺) to his son, “No matter what happens, I’ll always be there for you!” Remembering his son’s classroom would be in the back right corner of the building, he started digging (挖掘) there. He dug for 8 hours...18 hours...28 hours... Other parents left one by one. The police said there might be aftershocks and that he must leave. He asked each person, “Are you going to help me?” Then he kept digging. Finally, after 36 hours, he moved away a large stone (石头) and heard his son. He called his son’s name.“Dad? It’s me, Dad! I told the other kids not to worry. I told them that you would come to save us.” “What’s going on there?” the father asked. “There are 14 students, Dad. We’re scared, hungry, thirsty but thankful you’re here.” “Come out, son!” “Let the other kids go out first. I’m OK. No matter what happens, I know you’ll always be there for me!” 1.After arriving at the school, the father found that 　　　.  A.the teaching building fell down B.the students left the school C.all the kids were dead D.his son was fine 2.Why did the police try to stop the father? A.Because he needed to rest. B.Because the kids were missing. C.Because they thought he was mad. D.Because there would be aftershocks. 3.The father found his son after digging for 　　　.   A.half a day　　　　 B.one day C.one day and a half　　　　 D.two days 4.The underlined word “thirsty” means “　　　” in Chinese.  A.干燥的　　 B.口渴的　　 C.失望的　　 D.感激的 5.What can be the best title for the passage? A.The Earthquake　　　　 B.A Careful Father C.A Father’s Love　　　　 D.A Lucky Boy 三 .短文填空 阅读下面短文，用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文意思完整、通顺。 care, safe, we, help, if, make, swim, healthy, friend, one Dear students, I’m Li Ming. Now I’m going to talk about how to swim 1 . You know, 2 is a sport that most of us like because it can help us keep in good 3 . But there are still some things we should care about. 4 of all, it’s dangerous for us to swim alone. So we had better go with our parents or 5 . Next, before we begin to swim, we should 6 sure that we have got enough preparations. Then, it’s dangerous to swim in a large circle. Swim in a small circle and you will get 7 quickly if you are in trouble. Try to keep your swimming time a little shorter. Last but not least, don’t swim in a river 8 there is a sign saying “No Swimming”. I hope all of 9 would do this sport in safe ways. When you enjoy yourself in the water, don’t forget to take good 10 of yourself. That’s all. $$ 专题11 Unit 6 When disaster strikes （Understanding ideas） ( 单词学习 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.lost /lɒst/ adj. 丢失的 2.scared /skeəd/ adj. 害怕的 3.shut /ʃʌt/ v. 关闭 4.coach /kəʊtʃ/ n. 四轮马车 5.shocking /ˈʃɒkɪŋ/ adj. 骇人的 6.straight /streɪt/ adv. 笔直地 7.flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水 8.thick /θɪk/ adj. 浓密的 9.smoke /sməʊk/ n. 烟 10.ash /æʃ/ n. 灰烬 11.shower /ˈʃaʊə/ n. 一阵（洒落物） 12.erupt /ɪˈrʌpt/ v. 喷发 13.volcano /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ n. 火山 14.historical /hɪˈstɒrɪkəl/ adj. 历史的 15.hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/ n. 飓风 16.airline /ˈeəlaɪn/ n. 航空公司 17.rainstorm /ˈreɪnstɔːm/ n. 暴风雨 18.service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ n. 服务 19.motherland /ˈmʌðəlænd/ n. 祖国 20.orchestra /ˈɔːkɪstrə/ n. 管弦乐队 ( 课文解析 ) 失落的城市 　　1我和母亲住在庞贝附近的一个小镇上。这些天地球在震动。那天晚上，我正在睡觉，突然地面剧烈摇晃。 　　我妈妈冲进我的房间叫醒我。我们不得不在外面过夜。我妈妈很害怕。她一秒钟也没闭上眼睛。到第二天早上六点。许多建筑物仍在摇晃。我们决定离开这个城镇。 　　2 路上很拥挤。我们在城外的一个地方。就在那时，令人震惊的事情发生了。我们的教练不能一直往前走。它开始左右移动。海水突然退去，沙滩上留下了许多海洋动物。 　　3 我们注意到维苏威火山上空乌云密布。很快，云层飘了下来，遮住了大海。我妈妈让我继续离开她，但我拒绝丢下她。我们继续往前走，这时云层像洪水一样在陆地上蔓延。白天变成了黑夜。 　　空气中弥漫着浓烟，灰烬开始下起倾盆大雨。 　　在我们周围，女人们在叫，孩子们在哭，男人们在喊。人们试图在黑暗中找到他们的家人。 　　4 谢天谢地，过了一会儿，天亮了！一切都被灰烬覆盖着，就像冬天的雪。在一个充满希望和恐惧的夜晚之后，我们对未来的事情没有任何想法。 　　小普林尼 ( 知识解析1 ) 1 A lost city一座遗失的城市 （教材P85） lost /lɒst/ adj.丢失的，遗失的 The two boys are searching for a lost ball.这两个男孩正在寻找一个丢失的球。 拓展 （1）［形容词］迷路的 get/be lost迷路 If you have a map, you won’t be afraid when you get lost.如果你有一张地图，迷路时就不会感到害怕。 （2）lost还可作动词lose“丢失；失去”的过去式。 She lost her balance and fell down the stairs.她失去平衡，从楼梯上摔了下来。（东营中考） 2 My mother was so scared.我母亲非常害怕。（教材P85） scared /skeəd/ adj.害怕的，恐惧的 ［形容词］表示人的感受。近义词为afraid。 be scared of（doing）sth.害怕（做）某事 be scared to do sth.害怕做某事 be scared +（that）从句 担心…… She was very brave, but she was scared of the doctor.她很勇敢，但是她害怕医生。 Lucy is scared to go out alone at night.露西害怕晚上一个人出去。 I’m scared（that）I’m going to fall.我担心自己快掉下去了。 拓展 scary［形容词］可怕的；恐怖的 常用于表示事物的特征。 I don’t like to see scary movies.我不喜欢看恐怖片。 3 She didn’t shut her eyes for even one second.她甚至一秒钟都没有合眼。（教材P85） shut /ʃʌt/ v.（使）关上，（使）合上，（使）关闭 过去式和过去分词均为shut,动词-ing形式是shutting。 Philip went into his room and shut the door behind him.菲利普进了自己的房间，随手把门关上。 I heard his bedroom door shut.我听到他的卧室门关上了。 拓展 与shut相关的常见短语： shut off 关闭;切断煤气（或水等）的供应 shut up 闭嘴 shut down 停业；倒闭 4 Just then, shocking things happened.就在那时，惊人的事情发生了。（教材P85） shocking /ˈʃɒkɪŋ/ adj.惊人的，骇人的，令人难以置信的 辨析 shocking与shocked shocking 惊人的，骇人的 常用来描述事物的特征，在句中可作表语或定语。 shocked 震惊的 常用来描述人的感受，在句中常作表语。be shocked at/by...对……感到震惊 Andy shared his shocking discovery on the internet.安迪在网上分享了他的惊人发现。 We were all shocked at the news of his death.听到他去世的消息，我们都感到震惊。 5 Our coach couldn’t go straight ahead.我们的马车无法直行。（教材P85） coach /kəʊtʃ/ n.公共马车，四轮大马车 ［可数名词］复数形式为coaches。 This is the old coach road.这是旧时的马车道。 拓展 【语境串记】The coach is going to the new football field by coach to coach players for the Olympics.那位教练打算乘长途汽车去新足球场训练运动员备战奥运会。 straight /streɪt/ adv.笔直地，成直线地 The book is on the table straight in front of you.那本书就在你面前的桌子上。 She was looking straight at me.她直直地看着我。 拓展 6 My mother asked me to continue without her, but I refused to leave her behind.母亲让我别管她，继续走，但我拒绝把她丢下。（教材P85） 【巧学妙记】 后可接动词不定式作宾语的动词 想要拒绝莫忘记 want、refuse、forget 需要努力就学习 need、try、learn 喜欢同意加帮助 like、agree、help 希望决定后开始 hope、decide、begin/start leave behind留下；忘记带走 为“动词+副词”型短语。 I think I might have left my wallet behind.我想我可能忘带钱包了。 拓展 leave behind的其他含义： 把……抛在后面 When you are busy with a hobby, you leave all your worries behind.当你忙于一项爱好 时，你会将所有的烦恼抛在后面。 落后 I was left behind in maths after I missed three classes.我数学缺了三节课后，就跟不上 了。 7 The air was thick with smoke and ash began to fall in heavy showers.空气中弥漫着浓浓的烟雾，火山灰开始纷纷扬扬地落下来。（教材P85） thick /θɪk/ adj.浓密的；混浊的 be thick with...充满…… Thick black smoke rose over the city.浓浓的黑烟笼罩着这座城市。 The air was thick with dust.空气中弥漫着灰尘。 拓展 thick作形容词的其他常见用法： smoke /sməʊk/ n.（燃烧产生的）烟 ［不可数名词］ In cities, AI is used to watch out for cars that make black smoke.在城市里，人工智能被用于监测排放黑烟的汽车。 Where there is smoke, there is fire.无火不生烟/无风不起浪。 拓展 (1)［及物动词］&［不及物动词］吸（烟）；抽（烟） He is smoking a large cigar.他正抽着一支大雪茄。 He has a good living habit. He neither smokes nor drinks.他生活习惯很好，既不抽烟也不喝酒。 （2）［不及物动词］冒烟 The factory chimneys are smoking.工厂的烟囱正在冒烟。 shower /ˈʃaʊə/ n.一大批，一阵（在空中洒落或出现的小而轻的东西） A shower of leaves fell towards the ground.落叶纷纷扬扬飘向地面。 拓展 shower的其他含义： （1）［名词］淋浴；淋浴器；淋浴间 take/have a shower洗淋浴 I usually brush my teeth and take a shower at seven o’clock daily.我通常每天七点钟刷牙和洗淋浴。 I’d like to use the shower if that’s all right.如果可以的话,我想用一下淋浴间。 （2）［名词］阵雨；阵雪 There will be a heavy shower this afternoon.今天下午会有一阵大雨。 （3）［动词］(洗)淋浴 He had already showered by the time his parents got home.父母到家时，他已经洗完澡了。 8 While they were walking along the river, a great storm broke out.当他们沿河边散步时，下起了大暴雨。（教材P87） break out突然发生；爆发 不及物动词短语，不用于被动语态。 Do you know what to do if a fire breaks out?如果发生火灾，你知道该怎么办吗？ Fighting broke out between rival groups of fans.双方球迷发生了冲突。 拓展 含break的其他常见短语： break away 突然离开，逃脱 break down 坏掉，出故障；打破 break off 中断，停顿；折断 break up（使）破裂；解散 break into 强行闯入 9 ... there was a heavy rainstorm, so all train services were stopped. ……由于大暴雨，所有火车停运。（教材P87） service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ n.服务 Xi’an is known as a centre for software research, development and services.西安以软件研究、开发和服务中心而闻名。 The food is nice, but I don’t like the service there.食物很好，但我不喜欢那里的服务。 拓展 serve［动词］（给某人）提供，端上；服务 serve sth. to sb.=serve sb. sth.招待某人吃/喝某物 Her job is to serve breakfast and lunch to teachers and students（=serve teachers and students breakfast and lunch）.她的工作是为老师和学生提供早餐和午餐。 My father has served that company for 20 years.我父亲在那家公司工作了20年。 10 That wonderful music by a student orchestra lifted our spirit and gave us hope.学生管弦乐队演奏的美妙音乐振奋了我们的情绪，给了我们希望。（教材P87） spirit n.情绪；精神 （1）作“情绪”讲时，常用复数形式。 lift/raise one’s spirits 振奋某人的情绪 be in high/low spirits 情绪高涨/低落 The warm morning sun lifted our spirits.早晨温暖的阳光使我们精神为之一振。 She is in low spirits. Let’s cheer her up.她情绪低落。咱们让她振作起来吧。 （2）［可数名词］&［不可数名词］精神 Playing basketball teaches me the spirit of teamwork and never giving up.打篮球教会我团队合作和永不放弃的精神。 ( 随堂训练1 ) 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.It can help you feel more connected to the _________(nature) world. 2.—What's your _________(react) to the news?—I was so surprised. 1.natural 2.reaction 二.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 3.我很难过,因为我的名字没有被提到。 I was sad because my name ________ _________. 4.所有这些问题并不简单。它们都跟哲学有关。 All these questions are not easy. They all ______ ____ philosophy. 3.wasn't mentioned 4.relate to 三.从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 coach　flood　shut　shower　thick 1.In summer, the trees we planted in the school are _____ with green leaves. 2.They are going to the farm by _____. It is an easy and cheap way to get there. 3.The heavy rain has caused some ______ in many parts of the country. 4.Don't forget to ____ the door and windows when you are away. 5.We were caught in a heavy ______ and we all got wet all over. 1.thick 2.coach 3.floods 4.shut 5.shower 四.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 6._________(smoke) and littering aren't allowed, either. 7.He's a two-year-old dog, and he got ______(lose) three days ago as we walked in the park. 8.Mary felt ________(scare) when she saw the black snake. 9.What a __________(shock) story it is! We don't believe it at all. 10.The article is about some __________(history) facts of the war. 6.Smoking 7.lost 8.scared 9.shocking 10.historical 五.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 11.当爷爷拒绝付款时,我很伤心。 I was so sad when Grandpa _________ ______ pay. 12.我们大叫,因为船开始左右摇晃。 We shouted loudly because the boat started to move ______ _____ _____ _____. 13.我妈妈冲进我的房间把我叫醒了。 My mother ______ ______ my room and woke me up. 14.昨天晚上八点我姐姐正在看电视。 My elder sister ______ ________ TV at eight o'clock yesterday evening. 15.挤青春痘可能会引起更多的发红 和疼痛,或者甚至可能会变成一种疾病。 Popping a pimple will cause more redness and pain, or even probably ______ ______ an illness. 16.这是名为维苏威的火山。它已经有很多年没有爆发了。 This is the _______ named Vesuvius. It hasn't _______ for many years. 11.refused to 12.from side to side 13.rushed into 14.was watching 15.turn into 16.volcano erupted ( 语法学习 ) 过去进行时 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。其结构为"was/were+动词的现在分词"。 (1)过去进行时的各种句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+was/were+现在分词+其他. I was helping my father in the garden at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我正在花园里帮爸爸干活。 否定句 主语+was/were+not+现在分词+其他. I wasn't drawing at four yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午四点我没有画画。 一般疑 问句 Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答:No, 主语+wasn't/weren't. —Were you doing housework then?那个时候你在做家务吗? —Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.是的,我在做。/不,我没在做。 特殊疑 问句 特殊疑问词(不作主语)+was/were+主语+现在分词+其他? What were you reading this morning?今天早上你在读什么? 特殊疑问词(作主语)+was/were+现在分词+其他? Who was playing basketball here at eight last night?昨天晚上八点谁在这里打篮球了? (2)过去进行时的基本用法 用法 例句 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,常与then、at this/that time yesterday、at that moment、at ten o'clock yesterday等时间状语连用 —What were you doing at seven last night?昨晚七点你在做什么? —I was watching TV.我在看电视。 表示过去某段时间内一直持续进行的动作,常与the whole morning、"from+时间点+to+时间点+last night"等时间状语连用 We were waiting for you yesterday.我们昨天一直在等你。 在讲故事的语境中,用来描绘一幅景象 It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone. 它正坐在树上,朝着大家微笑。 过去进行时还可以和when、while、as引导的过去时间状语从句连用,构成复合句。 I was watching TV when they came to see me.我正在看电视,这时他们来看我了。 They arrived while we were having dinner.我们正在吃晚饭时他们到了。 I saw Peter as I got off the bus.我下公交车时看见了Peter。 知识点1 when引导的从句与过去进行时连用 一般情况下,when引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态: 主句 when引导的时间状语从句 过去进行时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去进行时 (1)when引导的时间状语从句既可以指时间点,也可以指时间段。因此,在when引导的时间状语从句中,谓语可以用延续性动词,也可以用非延续性动词。 It was raining when he reached Zhengzhou. 当他到郑州时正在下雨。 Someone called my name when I was waiting for the bus.我正在等公交车时,有人叫了我的名字。 (2)在含有when引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,如果主句用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时,则表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作(突然)发生了,强调后一动作发生的突然性。 I was listening to music when you called me.我正在听音乐,你(突然)给我打电话了。 We were dancing when a stranger came in.我们正跳着舞,(突然)一个陌生人走了进来。 这种情况下也可以用while表达,但不强调突然性。 While we were dancing, a stranger came in.我们正跳着舞时,一个陌生人走了进来。(只表示事实,不强调突然性) 知识点2 while引导的从句与过去进行时连用 一般情况下,while引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态: 主句 while引导的时间状语从句 过去进行时 过去进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 (1)通常while所引导的时间状语从句只指时间段,因此在while引导的时间状语从句中,动词必须是延续性动词。 Someone knocked at the door while my mother was cooking.我妈妈正在做饭的时候,有人敲门。 (2)当从句和主句的动作都是延续的或同时发生,且都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导。 My father was teaching me to play chess while my mother was correcting her students' homework.我妈妈在批改她的学生的家庭作业时,我爸爸在教我下国际象棋。 辨析过去进行时与一般过去时 时态 区别 过去进行时 强调过去某一时刻或某一时段内正在进行或持续的动作 一般过去时 表示过去的时间里所发生的动作,且动作往往已经完成 I was reading a book that evening. 那天晚上我在读书。 I read a book that evening. 那天晚上我读了一本书。 ( 随堂训练2 ) 一.单项选择 1.Alice 　　　in the sitting room when the accident happened.   A.reads　　　　 B.will read C.was reading　　　　 D.read 答案　C　根据本题语境可知,意外发生的时候,Alice正在看书,主句的时态是过去进行时,was reading符合题意。 2.I’m sorry I didn’t answer your call because I 　　　online.  A.study　　　　 B.was studying C.am studying　　 D.will study 答案　B　根据题干中的“我没有接你的电话”可知,我当时正在网上学习,对应的时态是过去进行时,was studying符合题意。 3.My English teacher took a photo of me while I 　　　at the sports meeting.  A.run　　 B.ran　　 C.was running 答案　C　根据语境和主句的时态“一般过去时”可知,while引导的时间状语从句的时态是过去进行时,was running符合题意。 4.I met my favourite football player while I 　　　at the bus station.  A.waits　　　　 B.will wait C.is waiting　　　　 D.was waiting 答案　D　根据本题语境可知,我正在公共汽车站等车的时候遇到了我最喜欢的足球运动员,while引导的时间状语从句的时态是过去进行时,故答案为D。 5.—Do you know where your brother is, Mark? —Sorry. I 　　　about a question and didn’t hear what you had said.  A.was thinking　　　　 B.will think C.am thinking　　　　 D.was thought 答案　A　根据本题语境可知,我当时正在思考一个问题,没有听到你说的话,对应的时态是过去进行时,故答案为A。 6.The boys 　　　football in the playground when it suddenly rained.   A.play　 B.played　 C.are playing　 D.were playing 答案　D　根据本题语境可知,突然下雨的时候,男孩们正在踢足球,主句的时态是过去进行时,were playing符合题意。 7.Henry 　　　in a restaurant 　　　a snake suddenly appeared.   A.worked;when　　　　 B.was working;while C.was working;when　　　　D.worked;while 答案　C　根据本题语境可知,蛇突然出现的时候,Henry正在干活,主句的时态是过去进行时,对应的结构是was working;根据从句的时态可知,第二空要填的连词是when。 二.根据汉语意思和所给的提示词语翻译句子 8.昨天晚上八点我正在客厅看书。(living room, o’clock) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  9.当我到家的时候,我妈妈正在厨房做饭。(when, got) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  10.在我写家庭作业的时候,有人敲门了。(while, someone, at) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  11.我看到他的时候,他正在和他的哥哥踢足球。(saw, football) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  12.昨天晚上十点你在做什么?(what) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  答案　8.I was reading a book in the living room at eight o’clock yesterday evening. 9.When I got home, my mother was cooking in the kitchen. 10.While I was doing my homework, someone knocked at the door. 11.When I saw him, he was playing football with his brother. 12.What were you doing at ten o’clock yesterday evening? 三.按要求写句子 13.My sister was cleaning the yard at that time. (改为否定句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  14.The students were playing football over there. (改为一般疑问句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  15.They were watching TV at 9:00 yesterday evening.(对画线部分提问)  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  16.They were running because they wanted to catch the early bus.(对画线部分提问)  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  17.Was your mother cooking in the kitchen? (作肯定回答) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  答案　13.My sister wasn’t cleaning the yard at that time. 14.Were the students playing football over there? 15.What were they doing at 9:00 yesterday evening? 16.Why were they running? 17.Yes, she was. ( 综合训练 ) 一.完形填空 One day the No. 1 bus went along Louxing Road. Suddenly the 1 saw an old man lying on the side of the road. A woman next to him was shouting for 2 . The bus driver stopped the bus 3 thinking twice. He got off the bus and asked the woman what happened. She said that the old man had heart disease and should go to the 4 . The driver knew he had to act 5 . He told the passengers that he must take the man to the hospital. He expected most or all of the passengers to 6 and wait for the next bus. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. Some passengers helped the bus driver to 7 the man onto the bus. Thanks to the bus driver and the passengers, the doctor 8 the old man in time. Now many people don’t want to help 9 because they don’t want any trouble. But the driver didn’t think about himself. He only thought about saving a 10 . 1.A.doctor B.actor C.driver D.teacher 2.A.advice B.help C.people D.time 3.A.without B.with C.for D.of 4.A.park B.office C.hospital D.factory 5.A.loudly B.quickly C.slowly D.clearly 6.A.get off B.get on C.get up D.get away 7.A.fly B.fall C.move D.sleep 8.A.lost B.killed C.wasted D.saved 9.A.other B.others C.another D.the other 10.A.life B.passenger C.woman D.girl 答案　【语篇解读】本文讲的是一位公共汽车司机和乘客一起帮助一位生病的老人的故事。 1.C 句意：突然, 司机看到一位老人躺在路边。由下文的“The bus driver stopped the bus”可知，driver符合题意。 2.B 句意：他旁边的女士正在大声呼救。由句意可知，help符合题意。 3.A 句意：公共汽车司机没有考虑就把车停了下来。由句意可知，without符合题意。 4.C 根据语境可知，那位老人有心脏病，应该去医院，故hospital符合题意。 5.B loudly大声地；quickly迅速地；slowly缓慢地；clearly清晰地。由语境可知，此处表示“司机知道他必须迅速行动”，故quickly符合题意。 6.A get off下车；get on上车；get up起床，起来；get away离开，逃离。根据设空后的“wait for the next bus”可知，此处指他期望大多数或全部乘客下车并等下一趟公共汽车，故get off符合题意。 7.C 句意：一些乘客帮助公共汽车司机把老人移到了公共汽车上。由句意可知，move符合题意。 8.D lose失去，丢失；kill杀死；waste浪费；save挽救。根据语境可知，由于公共汽车司机和乘客的帮助，医生及时挽救了那位老人，故saved符合题意。 9.B 根据语境及常识可知，现在许多人不想帮助别人，因为他们不想惹麻烦，此处泛指“别人；其他人”, 要用others。 10.A 句意：他只考虑要挽救一条生命。由句意可知，life符合题意。 二.阅读理解 A Safety Tips Topic: What if clothes are on fire? ●If your clothes catch fire, remember these three words: stop, drop and roll. ●If your friend’s clothes catch fire, don’t let him or her jump up and down. You can tell these three words to him or her loudly. ●Once they are rolling on the ground, you can use a blanket (毯子), towel or any other heavy cloth to help put out the flames on their clothes. ●Ask an adult for help right now. You can ask your parent or any adult you trust for help. If you have any good topics, please email us at safe123@126.com. Maybe next week we will talk about your topic. Safety Department for Kids 1.The passage is written for 　　　.  A.teachers　　　　 B.parents　　 C.children　　　　 D.doctors 2.Why does the passage mention “a blanket”? A.Because it can help you keep warm. B.Because you can find it at home. C.Because you can use it to put out fire. D.Because you can roll around on it. 3.What does the underlined word “flames” mean in Chinese? A.火焰　　 B.水渍　　 C.污迹　　 D.灰尘 4.The passage mentions some ways EXCEPT 　　　.  A.stopping, dropping and rolling B.using heavy cloth to put out fire C.asking an adult for help right now D.pouring some water over the clothes 5.We can read the passage from a magazine called “　　　”.  A.Healthy Life　　 B.Home Safety C.Different Jobs　　 D.Body Parts [语篇解读]　本文展示的是来自“儿童安全部门”的一个话题讨论的内容,讨论的话题是“衣服失火了怎么办?”。 1.C　推理判断题。根据文章中提到的“Ask an adult for help...You can ask your parent...”以及落款处的“Safety Department for Kids”可推断,本文是写给儿童的,故答案为C。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第三条建议中的“you can use a blanket, towel or any other heavy cloth to help put out the flames on their clothes”可知,文章中提到“毯子”是因为可以用它来扑灭火焰,故答案为C。 3.A　词义猜测题。画线的词是flames,它是put out“扑灭”的宾语,由此可推断,它的含义是“火焰”,故答案为A。 4.D　细节理解题。本文没有提到的方法是“往衣服上泼一些水”,故答案为D。 5.B　推理判断题。本文讲的是“衣服失火了怎么办?”,合适的杂志是B。 B An earthquake (地震) hit our hometown 12 years ago. The earthquake was so serious that now I can still remember it clearly. It was a sunny afternoon. My son hurt himself when playing soccer, and I took him to the hospital. At that time, we were waiting for our turn. Suddenly, I heard a loud noise. Then everything started to shake. People were running and shouting for help. I quickly grabbed (抓紧) my son and then stayed under the front desk. The shake lasted for about two minutes. After the earth stopped shaking, the noise died down. Everyone was completely shocked and could hardly speak. However, we soon realized that we should get out of the building as quickly as possible because we were on the second floor. We brought everyone together and walked to the first floor in silence. I noticed large cracks (裂缝) in the walls of the building while we were moving down. So scary! Luckily, we made it outside. What a special day! I’ll never forget it. 1.Where was the writer when the earthquake happened? A.At home. B.At school. C.At a hospital. D.At a hotel. 2.What did the writer do while everything was shaking? A.He ran out of the building. B.He shouted in the building. C.He slept in the bedroom. D.He stayed under the desk. 3.Which is the right order? ①They stayed under the desk. ②They went to a hospital. ③They got out of the building. ④The writer’s son was hurt when playing soccer. A.①②③④ B.④②①③ C.③②①④ D.④③①② 4.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to (指代)? A.The day. B.The earthquake. C.The cracks. D.The hospital. 5.What’s the best title of the passage? A.A Terrible Experience B.A Brave Son C.A Kind Doctor D.An Enjoyable Day 答案　【语篇解读】本文作者讲述了自己遭遇地震时的经历。 1.C 根据第二段中的“My son hurt himself when playing soccer, and I took him to the hospital. At that time, we were waiting for our turn.”可知，地震发生的时候，作者正在医院，故答案为C。 2.D 根据第二段中的“Then everything started to shake. People were running and shouting for help. I quickly grabbed my son and then stayed under the front desk.”可知，一切都在摇晃的时候，作者躲在桌子底下了，故答案为D。 3.B 根据第二段及第三段的描述可知，事件发生的顺序是：作者的儿子踢足球时受伤了→他们去了医院→他们躲在桌子下面→他们跑出了大楼，故答案为B。 4.A 代词指代题。根据上文的描述可推断，那一天很特别，作者将永远不会忘记这一天，it指代the day，故答案为A。 5.A 标题归纳题。本文作者介绍了一次糟糕的经历，故答案为A。 C A serious earthquake hit America several years ago. It killed many people in a few minutes. Then a father left his wife who was safe at home and ran to his son’s school. When he arrived there, he found that the teaching building fell down. He remembered his promise (承诺) to his son, “No matter what happens, I’ll always be there for you!” Remembering his son’s classroom would be in the back right corner of the building, he started digging (挖掘) there. He dug for 8 hours...18 hours...28 hours... Other parents left one by one. The police said there might be aftershocks and that he must leave. He asked each person, “Are you going to help me?” Then he kept digging. Finally, after 36 hours, he moved away a large stone (石头) and heard his son. He called his son’s name.“Dad? It’s me, Dad! I told the other kids not to worry. I told them that you would come to save us.” “What’s going on there?” the father asked. “There are 14 students, Dad. We’re scared, hungry, thirsty but thankful you’re here.” “Come out, son!” “Let the other kids go out first. I’m OK. No matter what happens, I know you’ll always be there for me!” 1.After arriving at the school, the father found that 　　　.  A.the teaching building fell down B.the students left the school C.all the kids were dead D.his son was fine 2.Why did the police try to stop the father? A.Because he needed to rest. B.Because the kids were missing. C.Because they thought he was mad. D.Because there would be aftershocks. 3.The father found his son after digging for 　　　.   A.half a day　　　　 B.one day C.one day and a half　　　　 D.two days 4.The underlined word “thirsty” means “　　　” in Chinese.  A.干燥的　　 B.口渴的　　 C.失望的　　 D.感激的 5.What can be the best title for the passage? A.The Earthquake　　　　 B.A Careful Father C.A Father’s Love　　　　 D.A Lucky Boy [语篇解读]　本文讲的是一位父亲从地震废墟中找到孩子的故事。 1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When he arrived there, he found that the teaching building fell down.”可知,他到学校的时候,发现教学楼倒塌了,故答案为A。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The police said there might be aftershocks and that he must leave.”可知,警察制止他,是因为会有余震,故答案为D。 3.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Finally, after 36 hours, he moved away a large stone and heard his son.”可知,这位父亲在36小时之后找到了他的儿子,36小时就是“一天半”,故答案为C。 4.B　词义猜测题。画线的词是thirsty,根据上下文可推断,他们当时又饿又渴,thirsty的含义是“口渴的”,故答案为B。 5.C　标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章讲的是一位父亲从地震废墟中救回孩子的故事,展现了伟大的父爱,因此合适的标题是“A Father’s Love”,故答案为C。 三 .短文填空 阅读下面短文，用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文意思完整、通顺。 care, safe, we, help, if, make, swim, healthy, friend, one Dear students, I’m Li Ming. Now I’m going to talk about how to swim 1 . You know, 2 is a sport that most of us like because it can help us keep in good 3 . But there are still some things we should care about. 4 of all, it’s dangerous for us to swim alone. So we had better go with our parents or 5 . Next, before we begin to swim, we should 6 sure that we have got enough preparations. Then, it’s dangerous to swim in a large circle. Swim in a small circle and you will get 7 quickly if you are in trouble. Try to keep your swimming time a little shorter. Last but not least, don’t swim in a river 8 there is a sign saying “No Swimming”. I hope all of 9 would do this sport in safe ways. When you enjoy yourself in the water, don’t forget to take good 10 of yourself. That’s all. 答案　【语篇解读】本文是李明给学生们做的一次演讲，演讲的话题是如何安全地游泳。 1.safely 句意：现在我准备谈谈如何安全地游泳。修饰动词swim要用副词，故所缺的词是safely。 2.swimming 由语境可知，此处指游泳是我们中的大多数都喜欢的运动，故所缺的词是swimming。 3.health 由语境可知，此处指游泳能让我们保持健康。keep in good health意为“保持健康”，故填health。 4.First first of all为固定搭配, 意为“首先”, 故所缺的词是First。 5.friends 句意：所以我们最好和我们的父母或朋友一起去。表示“朋友”要用friend，再根据设空前的parents可知，此处要填的是friend的复数形式。 6.make 由语境可知，此处指我们应该确定做好了足够的准备工作，make sure意为“确定”。 7.help 由语境可知，此处指你如果处于困境，能很快得到帮助，故所缺的词是 help。 8.if 由语境可知，此处指如果有标牌写着“禁止游泳”，就不要在河里游泳了，故所缺的词是if。 9.us 句意：我希望我们所有人都以安全的方式做这项运动。由句意可知，all of后要用us。 10.care take good care of意为“好好照顾”，故所缺的词是care。 $$