Module 12 Save our world 构词法（模块核心语法精练）英语外研版九年级上册

Module 12 Save our world 模块核心语法精练（构词法） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、单句语法填空 4 三、选词填空 5 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 6 题型一 选词填空 6 题型二 语法填空 8 构词法是通过特定规则创造新词的方法，主要包括合成法、转化法、派生法、缩写法等。掌握构词法有助于扩大词汇量，理解单词的词性和词义变化。 一、合成法（Compound Words） 将两个或多个词组合成新词，主要包括复合名词、复合形容词等。 类别 构成方式 例词 复合名词 名词 + 名词 basketball（篮球）、classroom（教室） 动词 + 名词 playground（操场）、postcard（明信片） 形容词 + 名词 blackboard（黑板）、greenhouse（温室） 复合形容词 名词 + 过去分词 man-made（人造的）、hand-made（手工的） 副词 + 现在分词 hard-working（勤奋的）、fast-moving（快速移动的） 二、转化法（Conversion） 单词由一种词性直接转化为另一种词性，词义随之变化。 原词性→转化后词性 例词 例句 名词→动词 rain（雨→下雨） It will rain tomorrow.（明天会下雨。） 动词→名词 talk（谈话→演讲） There will be a talk next week.（下周有场演讲。） 形容词→动词 clean（干净的→打扫） Please clean the room.（请打扫房间。） 三、派生法（Derivation） 通过添加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成新词，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性或词义。 常用前缀（改变词义，不改变词性） 前缀 含义 例词 dis- 不、无 disappear（消失）、dishonest（不诚实的） un- 不、非 unlike（不像）、uncomfortable（不舒服的） re- 再、又 retell（复述）、reunion（重聚） super- 超级 supermarket（超市）、superman（超人） 常用后缀（改变词性或词义） 后缀 对应词性 例词 -er/-or 名词（执行者） teacher（教师）、inventor（发明家） -tion/-ation 名词（动作或状态） education（教育）、invention（发明） -ful 形容词（充满… 的） careful（仔细的）、helpful（有帮助的） -less 形容词（无… 的） careless（粗心的）、useless（无用的） -ly 副词（方式） carefully（仔细地）、happily（开心地） 四、缩写和简写（Abbreviation） 通过截短单词或取首字母构成新词。 类别 方式 例词 截头 去掉单词开头 plane（原词 aeroplane）、phone（原词 telephone） 去尾 去掉单词结尾 math（原词 mathematics）、lab（原词 laboratory） 首字母缩写 取单词首字母 VIP（very important person）、UK（United Kingdom） 注意事项 1. 合成词的词性一致性： 合成词的词性通常与组成部分的核心词性一致，如 “blackboard”（名词 + 名词 = 名词）、“hard-working”（副词 + 动名词 = 形容词）。 2. 派生法的后缀功能： 名词后缀（如 - tion、-ment）通常表示动作或状态，如 “development”（发展）。 形容词后缀（如 - ful、-less）表示性质，如 “hopeful”（有希望的）、“hopeless”（无望的）。 3. 转化法的词义逻辑： 转化后的词义与原词性密切相关，如 “water”（名词 “水”→动词 “浇水”）。 4. 缩写词的规范使用： 缩写词需符合通用规则，如 “PRC”（the People’s Republic of China）不可随意编造。 5. 注意前缀的否定含义： 不同前缀的否定含义不同，如 “un-” 和 “dis-” 都可表否定，但搭配不同单词，如 “unhappy”（不开心）、“dishonest”（不诚实）。 一、单项选择（15 小题） 1. Which of the following words is formed like "wartime"? A. suggestion B. bookworm C. accountant D. carelessness 2. Which word is formed the same way as "colourful"? A. beauty B. doorbell C. impossible D. friendly 3. In the words "retell" and "reuse", what does "re-" mean? A. very B. more C. again 4. The word "homeless" uses the suffix "-less", which means ________. A. full of B. without C. very much 5. Which suffix is used to form a noun? A. -tion B. -less C. -ful D. -ly 6. Which word has the same prefix as "impatient"? A. incorrect B. patiently C. humorous D. pancake 7. The word "housework" is a compound word. Which of the following is similar? A. instruction B. uncertain C. chairperson D. cheerful 8. Which of the following is formed by conversion (转化法)? A. blackboard B. cook (n.→v.) C. singer D. impossible 9. The prefix "un-" in "unhappy" means ________. A. not B. again C. super 10. Which suffix makes an adjective? A. -ment B. -tion C. -ness D. -less 11. The word "recycle" has the prefix "re-", meaning ________. A. against B. again C. under 12. Which of the following is an abbreviation? A. basketball B. unhappy C. worker D. VIP 13. The compound adjective "hard-working" is formed by ________. A. noun + present participle B. adverb + present participle C. verb + past participle D. adjective + noun 14. The word "invention" is formed by adding the suffix "-ion" to ________. A. invent B. inventor C. inventing 15. Which of the following uses the same suffix as "teacher"? A. singer B. happiness C. impossible 二、单词变形填空（10 小题） 1. Tom speaks to others ________ (polite) when he asks for help. 2. The play was very ________ (success) at the school theater last night. 3. It’s ________ (possible) to finish the math test in 10 minutes. 4. The ________ (invent) of the smartphone changes our daily life. 5. He is ________ (happy) because he missed the school bus. 6. The ________ (farm) work hard to grow vegetables every spring. 7. The English dictionary is very ________ (help) for my study. 8. She is a ________ (care) student and often forgets homework. 9. We should ________ (use) old books instead of buying new ones. 10. The young ________ (music) played the guitar at the school party. 三、选词填空（根据构词法知识选择合适的单词填空） 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其正确形式填空（有两项多余） invent, happy, polite, care, use, music, farm, possible, cycle, work 1. The ________ of the light bulb changed the world. 2. She spoke ________ to her teacher when asking for help. 3. It’s ________ to finish the task in such a short time. 4. The ________ are working hard in the field. 5. We should ________ old bottles to protect the environment. 6. The ________ boy often forgets to do his homework. 7. The ________ played the piano beautifully at the concert. 8. He felt ________ because he failed the exam. 9. The ________ in the factory are making new products. 10. It’s important to be ________ when crossing the street. 一、选词填空 Passage 1 （2025·陕西·中考真题）短文填空：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。(每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。) name(v.)   good   it   have   culture   visit   hundred   most   usual   connect The West Lake in Hangzhou attracts people all over the world. It is famous for 1 natural beauty and bridges. Of all the bridges over the West Lake, the Broken Bridge is said to be the 2 famous. Every year, quite a lot of tourists come here to 3 it. However, the name “Broken Bridge” does not mean the bridge is broken. People 4 it because it marks the end of the way that leads to Solitary Hill, a small hill close to the West Lake. And people 5 used this name since the Tang dynasty (618—907). In the Song dynasty (960—1279), the Broken Bridge became a popular sight for visitors. They would 6 come to the West Lake in winter to enjoy the beauty of the bridge. For 7 of years, the beautiful picture of Lingering Snow of the Broken Bridge has been a well-talked-about scene. And even today it is still considered as a 8 example of harmonious (和谐的) beauty between architecture (建筑设计) and nature. Poems and stories of old days helped to make a 9 between the bridge and love. For example, the story of the White Snake and Xu Xian meeting on the Broken Bridge has made it an important symbol of love in Chinese 10 . Passage 2 （2025·山西·中考真题）请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，从方框内选出适当的单词，将其正确形式填入空白处。方框内有两个词为多余项。 they; high; noise; spend; happen; surprise; visit; many; forget; minute; sudden; welcome My journey home from school is nothing special. I get on the train, find a seat and start reading, like everyone else, not looking at other people. Then, twenty 11 later, I get off. But last Tuesday was different. I was looking out of the window when the train 12 stopped. This wasn’t unusual so I didn’t think much of it. Then after about half an hour, some people started speaking to 13 and looking around. I noticed they were starting to get a bit angry—the train still didn’t move. The longer the train stood, the 14 people got angry. Finally we heard “Sorry to announce we are going to be here for a long time.” There was a loud groan (叹气) in the train, but then something unexpected 15 . Complete strangers started talking to one another. At first, everyone just complained about the train, but then people started talking about their own life. A young 16 came to me. He was travelling here. I introduced some places he should visit. He felt pleased and seemed 17 the problem that he had to wait on the train. Next, I started a conversation with a businesswoman. It was wonderful to talk to her. I was really 18 to find I had been wrong all my life—business people are a lot cooler than I thought. There is so much more to her than a suit. Every weekend, she 19 her time in climbing mountains. She even dreams of climbing Everest. While we were talking, a woman returned from helping someone sick in another part of the train. She 20 as a hero by all of the people. Then, after two and a half hours, we started moving again. Everyone cheered and some people, complete strangers three hours ago, even hugged. Passage 3 （2025·四川成都·中考真题）从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺（每词限用一次）。 after  busy  choose  direct  enjoy  expect  notice  offer  outside  rule  run  they Dashiban is a 600-year-old village in Xichang, Sichuan province. It was a 21 place on the Southern Silk Road and the Tea Horse Road. However, the village gradually declined. Many villagers left their hometown to search for work elsewhere. In order to change the situation, Xichang started a project in Dashiban in 2021. To keep the village’s historical charm (魅力), it followed the 22 of “repairing the old as old”. The local government improved tourism infrastructure (基础设施) 23 unforgettable experiences of local culture and traditions. The local government’s efforts changed the village’s appearance greatly, which has 24 benefited homestay (民宿) business. Chen Xiaoyu 25 a homestay for several years. She said she never 26 that she could make so much money in her hometown. The village’s change has also drawn more and more villagers working 27 back home to start businesses. Xiao Wenfang gave up her job in the big city and opened a restaurant with her father in the village 28 learning about its changes. Ethnic-themed travel photography has also become very popular in the ethnic village, following homestays and restaurants. Many tourists come to dress 29 in traditional clothes. Dashiban now has 232 homestays,85 restaurants and 65 travel photography studios. Tourism has become the village’ s main industry, creating jobs for over 1,000 villagers. It received 1.9 million visitors last year. People from different cities even 30 this small village to live in when they are free. They just want to enjoy the easy life here. 二、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·贵州·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Maps have been an important tool for humans for thousands of years. They were first created to meet people’s basic needs. In the past, people 31 (need) maps to find directions. As society developed, people also used maps for traveling, exploration and trade. In ancient times, maps were 32 (draw) by hand. They were usually very simple. People used symbols and pictures to show important places and routes. As time passed, maps became more detailed (详细的). Some map makers started to use new methods 33 (create) maps. They included more information about the world in maps, such as the locations of 34 (city) and rivers. This made maps more 35 (use) for planning trips and looking for new places. During the Age of Exploration, map-making skills improved 36 (great). Many explorers went to new places and brought back 37 (they) findings. This helped map makers create more accurate (精确的) maps of the world. Today, we have electronic maps on computers and smartphones. They can suggest the 38 (good) routes, provide real-time traffic conditions and recommend nearby attractions, which makes it possible to save time. Therefore, our 39 (day) lives become more convenient. Maps have changed over time, but their purpose 40 (remain) the same: to help people understand and find their ways around the world. Passage 2 （2025·江苏苏州·中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On Pingjiang Road in Suzhou, 65-year-old Ms Wu runs a traditional tea house for 30years. She never expected 41 (oneself) to become a tea master who helped build a cultural bridge. It started in 2015 when a German tourist named Klaus walked into her shop. With the help of a phone app, Ms Wu 42 (patient) showed him the way to properly brew (沏) Biluochun, Suzhou’s famous green tea. Klaus returned every day that week and 43 (bring) more friends each time. Seeing how 44 (interest) they were in Chinese tea, Ms Wu started a weekly activity called “Tea Culture Saturdays”. She showed foreigners 45 to brew tea with traditional methods—from choosing the water temperature to 46 (follow) tea-making rules. Her daughter Lily, a college student, helped translate. Soon, her tea house was always crowded with 47 (visit), including students and business people from many places. “I used to think foreigners wouldn’t understand our tea culture, 48 they love it deeply. Some of them even treat their friends with Chinese tea at home,” Ms Wu said. One of her favourite 49 (moment) was when Sarah, a Canadian, gave her a notebook filled with tea notes written in both English and Chinese. “This is why I keep teaching,” Ms Wu said, showing 50 treasured notebook. Now, her tea house appears in travel guides as “Suzhou’s cultural living room”. For tourists, every cup of tea served is a window on the tea culture of this ancient city. Passage 3 （2025·福建·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The Great Wall, which is a symbol of our history, snakes across a mountain area of Tianzhu, Gansu province. Thirty-nine protectors work 51 (careful) in the area to protect the great wonder. With 52 history of over 2,000 years, the wall in Gansu wasn’t in good condition. Nature did great harm to the wall. Some 53 (part) of the wall were washed away by heavy rains and blown away by strong winds. People in some places also harmed it. But things started to change. In 2006, Great Wall Protection Regulations (条例) 54 (come) into effect. After that, more and more people started to take part 55 caring for the wall. In recent years, the government of Tianzhu has spent more and more money 56 (protect) the wall. Modern technology like self-driven sensing technology 57 drones (无人机) have also been used to watch the wall. With all these efforts, the protectors are still busy with the work. Every week they guard the wall, and any changes are well recorded and 58 (report) to the government. They also help people realize it’s important to protect cultural heritage (遗产). Luckily, with 59 (they) hard work, much greater changes have taken place. “As long as we are here, we will protect this wall. It is our job and our 60 (proud),” said one of the protectors. 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Module 12 Save our world 模块核心语法精练（构词法） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、单句语法填空 6 三、选词填空 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 9 题型一 选词填空 9 题型二 语法填空 14 构词法是通过特定规则创造新词的方法，主要包括合成法、转化法、派生法、缩写法等。掌握构词法有助于扩大词汇量，理解单词的词性和词义变化。 一、合成法（Compound Words） 将两个或多个词组合成新词，主要包括复合名词、复合形容词等。 类别 构成方式 例词 复合名词 名词 + 名词 basketball（篮球）、classroom（教室） 动词 + 名词 playground（操场）、postcard（明信片） 形容词 + 名词 blackboard（黑板）、greenhouse（温室） 复合形容词 名词 + 过去分词 man-made（人造的）、hand-made（手工的） 副词 + 现在分词 hard-working（勤奋的）、fast-moving（快速移动的） 二、转化法（Conversion） 单词由一种词性直接转化为另一种词性，词义随之变化。 原词性→转化后词性 例词 例句 名词→动词 rain（雨→下雨） It will rain tomorrow.（明天会下雨。） 动词→名词 talk（谈话→演讲） There will be a talk next week.（下周有场演讲。） 形容词→动词 clean（干净的→打扫） Please clean the room.（请打扫房间。） 三、派生法（Derivation） 通过添加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成新词，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性或词义。 常用前缀（改变词义，不改变词性） 前缀 含义 例词 dis- 不、无 disappear（消失）、dishonest（不诚实的） un- 不、非 unlike（不像）、uncomfortable（不舒服的） re- 再、又 retell（复述）、reunion（重聚） super- 超级 supermarket（超市）、superman（超人） 常用后缀（改变词性或词义） 后缀 对应词性 例词 -er/-or 名词（执行者） teacher（教师）、inventor（发明家） -tion/-ation 名词（动作或状态） education（教育）、invention（发明） -ful 形容词（充满… 的） careful（仔细的）、helpful（有帮助的） -less 形容词（无… 的） careless（粗心的）、useless（无用的） -ly 副词（方式） carefully（仔细地）、happily（开心地） 四、缩写和简写（Abbreviation） 通过截短单词或取首字母构成新词。 类别 方式 例词 截头 去掉单词开头 plane（原词 aeroplane）、phone（原词 telephone） 去尾 去掉单词结尾 math（原词 mathematics）、lab（原词 laboratory） 首字母缩写 取单词首字母 VIP（very important person）、UK（United Kingdom） 注意事项 1. 合成词的词性一致性： 合成词的词性通常与组成部分的核心词性一致，如 “blackboard”（名词 + 名词 = 名词）、“hard-working”（副词 + 动名词 = 形容词）。 2. 派生法的后缀功能： 名词后缀（如 - tion、-ment）通常表示动作或状态，如 “development”（发展）。 形容词后缀（如 - ful、-less）表示性质，如 “hopeful”（有希望的）、“hopeless”（无望的）。 3. 转化法的词义逻辑： 转化后的词义与原词性密切相关，如 “water”（名词 “水”→动词 “浇水”）。 4. 缩写词的规范使用： 缩写词需符合通用规则，如 “PRC”（the People’s Republic of China）不可随意编造。 5. 注意前缀的否定含义： 不同前缀的否定含义不同，如 “un-” 和 “dis-” 都可表否定，但搭配不同单词，如 “unhappy”（不开心）、“dishonest”（不诚实）。 一、单项选择（15 小题） 1. Which of the following words is formed like "wartime"? A. suggestion B. bookworm C. accountant D. carelessness 答案：B 解析："wartime" 由 "war" 和 "time" 合成，属于复合名词。"bookworm"（书虫）由 "book" 和 "worm" 合成，构词法一致，故选 B。 2. Which word is formed the same way as "colourful"? A. beauty B. doorbell C. impossible D. friendly 答案：D 解析："colourful" 由名词 "colour" 加后缀 "-ful" 构成形容词。"friendly" 由名词 "friend" 加后缀 "-ly" 构成形容词，均为派生法，故选 D。 3. In the words "retell" and "reuse", what does "re-" mean? A. very B. more C. again 答案：C 解析："retell"（复述）和 "reuse"（再利用）中 "re-" 表示 “再、又”，故选 C。 4. The word "homeless" uses the suffix "-less", which means ________. A. full of B. without C. very much 答案：B 解析："-less" 表示 “没有”，"homeless" 意为 “无家可归的”，故选 B。 5. Which suffix is used to form a noun? A. -tion B. -less C. -ful D. -ly 答案：A 解析："-tion" 是名词后缀（如 "education"），其他选项构成形容词或副词，故选 A。 6. Which word has the same prefix as "impatient"? A. incorrect B. patiently C. humorous D. pancake 答案：A 解析："impatient"（不耐烦的）和 "incorrect"（不正确的）均用否定前缀（im-/in-），构词法一致，故选 A。 7. The word "housework" is a compound word. Which of the following is similar? A. instruction B. uncertain C. chairperson D. cheerful 答案：C 解析："housework" 由 "house" 和 "work" 合成。"chairperson" 由 "chair" 和 "person" 合成，均为复合名词，故选 C。 8. Which of the following is formed by conversion (转化法)? A. blackboard B. cook (n.→v.) C. singer D. impossible 答案：B 解析："cook" 从名词 “厨师” 转化为动词 “烹饪”，属于转化法，故选 B。 9. The prefix "un-" in "unhappy" means ________. A. not B. again C. super 答案：A 解析："unhappy" 意为 “不开心的”，"un-" 是否定前缀，意为 “不”，故选 A。 10. Which suffix makes an adjective? A. -ment B. -tion C. -ness D. -less 答案：D 解析："-less" 构成形容词（如 "careless"），其他选项构成名词，故选 D。 11. The word "recycle" has the prefix "re-", meaning ________. A. against B. again C. under 答案：B 解析："recycle"（回收）中 "re-" 表示 “再、又”，故选 B。 12. Which of the following is an abbreviation? A. basketball B. unhappy C. worker D. VIP 答案：D 解析："VIP" 是 "very important person" 的缩写，属于首字母缩写法，故选 D。 13. The compound adjective "hard-working" is formed by ________. A. noun + present participle B. adverb + present participle C. verb + past participle D. adjective + noun 答案：B 解析："hard-working" 由副词 "hard" 和现在分词 "working" 构成，故选 B。 14. The word "invention" is formed by adding the suffix "-ion" to ________. A. invent B. inventor C. inventing 答案：A 解析："invention" 由动词 "invent" 加后缀 "-ion" 构成，故选 A。 15. Which of the following uses the same suffix as "teacher"? A. singer B. happiness C. impossible 答案：A 解析："-er" 表示 “执行者”，"teacher" 和 "singer" 均用此后缀，故选 A。 二、单词变形填空（10 小题） 1. Tom speaks to others ________ (polite) when he asks for help. 答案：politely 解析：句子意思是 “汤姆请求帮助时礼貌地和别人说话”。“polite” 加后缀 “-ly” 构成副词，修饰动词 “speaks”，句中增加 “when he asks for help” 补充语境。 2. The play was very ________ (success) at the school theater last night. 答案：successful 解析：句子意思是 “昨晚学校剧院的戏剧非常成功”。“success” 加后缀 “-ful” 构成形容词作表语，“at the school theater last night” 扩展时间地点。 3. It’s ________ (possible) to finish the math test in 10 minutes. 答案：impossible 解析：句子意思是 “10 分钟内完成数学测试是不可能的”。前缀 “im-” 加 “possible” 构成否定形容词，“the math test” 明确测试对象。 4. The ________ (invent) of the smartphone changes our daily life. 答案：invention 解析：句子意思是 “智能手机的发明改变了我们的日常生活”。“invent” 加后缀 “-ion” 构成名词，“smartphone” 替换原词更贴近生活。 5. He is ________ (happy) because he missed the school bus. 答案：unhappy 解析：句子意思是 “他因为没赶上校车而不开心”。前缀 “un-” 加 “happy” 构成否定形容词，“missed the school bus” 说明原因。 6. The ________ (farm) work hard to grow vegetables every spring. 答案：farmers 解析：句子意思是 “农民们每年春天努力种植蔬菜”。“farm” 加后缀 “-er” 构成名词，复数加 “s”，“grow vegetables” 补充动作。 7. The English dictionary is very ________ (help) for my study. 答案：helpful 解析：句子意思是 “这本英语词典对我的学习非常有帮助”。“help” 加后缀 “-ful” 构成形容词，“my study” 明确用途。 8. She is a ________ (care) student and often forgets homework. 答案：careless 解析：句子意思是 “她是个粗心的学生，经常忘记作业”。“care” 加后缀 “-less” 构成形容词，“forgets homework” 补充具体表现。 9. We should ________ (use) old books instead of buying new ones. 答案：reuse 解析：句子意思是 “我们应该重复使用旧书而不是买新书”。前缀 “re-” 加 “use” 构成动词，“instead of buying new ones” 形成对比。 10. The young ________ (music) played the guitar at the school party. 答案：musician 解析：句子意思是 “这位年轻的音乐家在学校派对上弹了吉他”。“music” 加后缀 “-ian” 构成名词，“young” 和 “at the school party” 增加细节。 三、选词填空（根据构词法知识选择合适的单词填空） 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其正确形式填空（有两项多余） invent, happy, polite, care, use, music, farm, possible, cycle, work 1. The ________ of the light bulb changed the world. 2. She spoke ________ to her teacher when asking for help. 3. It’s ________ to finish the task in such a short time. 4. The ________ are working hard in the field. 5. We should ________ old bottles to protect the environment. 6. The ________ boy often forgets to do his homework. 7. The ________ played the piano beautifully at the concert. 8. He felt ________ because he failed the exam. 9. The ________ in the factory are making new products. 10. It’s important to be ________ when crossing the street. 答案与解析 1. invention 解析：“invent”（发明，动词）加后缀 “-ion” 构成名词 “invention”，意为 “电灯泡的发明”。 2. politely 解析：“polite”（礼貌的，形容词）加后缀 “-ly” 构成副词，修饰动词 “spoke”。 3. impossible 解析：前缀 “im-” 加 “possible”（可能的）构成否定形容词，意为 “不可能的”。 4. farmers 解析：“farm”（农场，名词）加后缀 “-er” 构成 “farmer”（农民），复数形式加 “s”。 5. reuse 解析：前缀 “re-” 加 “use”（使用）构成动词 “reuse”，意为 “重复使用”。 6. careless 解析：“care”（关心，名词）加后缀 “-less” 构成形容词，意为 “粗心的”。 7. musician 解析：“music”（音乐，名词）加后缀 “-ian” 构成名词 “musician”，意为 “音乐家”。 8. unhappy 解析：前缀 “un-” 加 “happy”（开心的）构成否定形容词，意为 “不开心的”。 9. workers 解析：“work”（工作，动词）加后缀 “-er” 构成 “worker”（工人），复数形式加 “s”。 10. careful 解析：“care” 加后缀 “-ful” 构成形容词，意为 “小心的”，与 “be careful” 固定搭配。 一、选词填空 Passage 1 （2025·陕西·中考真题）短文填空：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。(每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。) name(v.)   good   it   have   culture   visit   hundred   most   usual   connect The West Lake in Hangzhou attracts people all over the world. It is famous for 1 natural beauty and bridges. Of all the bridges over the West Lake, the Broken Bridge is said to be the 2 famous. Every year, quite a lot of tourists come here to 3 it. However, the name “Broken Bridge” does not mean the bridge is broken. People 4 it because it marks the end of the way that leads to Solitary Hill, a small hill close to the West Lake. And people 5 used this name since the Tang dynasty (618—907). In the Song dynasty (960—1279), the Broken Bridge became a popular sight for visitors. They would 6 come to the West Lake in winter to enjoy the beauty of the bridge. For 7 of years, the beautiful picture of Lingering Snow of the Broken Bridge has been a well-talked-about scene. And even today it is still considered as a 8 example of harmonious (和谐的) beauty between architecture (建筑设计) and nature. Poems and stories of old days helped to make a 9 between the bridge and love. For example, the story of the White Snake and Xu Xian meeting on the Broken Bridge has made it an important symbol of love in Chinese 10 . 【答案】 1．its 2．most 3．visit 4．named 5．have 6．usually 7．hundreds 8．good 9．connection 10．culture 【导语】本文主要介绍了杭州西湖的断桥及其文化意义。 1．句意：西湖以其自然美景和桥梁而闻名。根据“It is famous for...natural beauty and bridges”和备选词可知，西湖因它的自然美景和桥梁而闻名，it“它”符合语境，此处需用形容词性物主代词its指代“西湖的”。故填its。 2．句意：在西湖所有的桥中，断桥据说最有名。根据“Of all the bridges”和备选词可知，是在所有桥中进行比较，应用最高级形式。most“最”符合语境，the most famous“最著名的”。故填most。 3．句意：每年都有很多游客来这里参观它。根据“tourists come here”和备选词可知，游客来此的目的是参观西湖。visit“参观”符合语境，come to do sth“来做某事”，此处为不定式作目的状语。故填visit。 4．句意：人们给它命名，因为它标志着通往孤山的道路的终点，孤山是靠近西湖的一座小山。根据“the name ‘Broken Bridge’”和备选词可知，此处指人们为桥命名。name“命名”符合语境，作动词，此处描述过去的行为，用一般过去时named。故填named。 5．句意：并且人们从唐朝（618—907）就开始使用这个名字了。根据“since the Tang dynasty (618—907)”和备选词可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示从过去持续到现在的动作，即have/has done。have助动词，符合语境，主语people为复数，助动词用have。故填have。 6．句意：他们通常会在冬天来西湖欣赏桥的美景。根据“come to the West Lake in winter”和备选词可知，此处描述游客的习惯性行为。usual“通常的”符合语境，此处应用其副词形式usually，修饰动词come。故填usually。 7．句意：数百年来，断桥残雪的美丽景象一直是人们热议的场景。根据“of years”可知，此处表示“数百年”。hundreds of“数百的”。故填hundreds。 8．句意：即使在今天，它仍然被认为是建筑设计与自然和谐之美的一个很好的例子。根据“example of harmonious (和谐的) beauty”和备选词可知，此处强调断桥是好的范例。good“好的”为形容词，修饰名词example。故填good。 9．句意：古代的诗歌和故事帮助在桥与爱情之间建立了联系。根据“between the bridge and love”和备选词可知，此处指建立联系。connect“联系”符合语境，此处应用其名词形式connection“联系”，make a connection“建立联系”。故填connection。 10．句意：例如，白蛇和许仙在断桥上相遇的故事，使它成为中国文化中爱情的重要象征。根据“Chinese”和备选词可知，此处指中国文化。culture“文化”符合语境，为不可数名词。故填culture。 Passage 2 （2025·山西·中考真题）请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，从方框内选出适当的单词，将其正确形式填入空白处。方框内有两个词为多余项。 they; high; noise; spend; happen; surprise; visit; many; forget; minute; sudden; welcome My journey home from school is nothing special. I get on the train, find a seat and start reading, like everyone else, not looking at other people. Then, twenty 11 later, I get off. But last Tuesday was different. I was looking out of the window when the train 12 stopped. This wasn’t unusual so I didn’t think much of it. Then after about half an hour, some people started speaking to 13 and looking around. I noticed they were starting to get a bit angry—the train still didn’t move. The longer the train stood, the 14 people got angry. Finally we heard “Sorry to announce we are going to be here for a long time.” There was a loud groan (叹气) in the train, but then something unexpected 15 . Complete strangers started talking to one another. At first, everyone just complained about the train, but then people started talking about their own life. A young 16 came to me. He was travelling here. I introduced some places he should visit. He felt pleased and seemed 17 the problem that he had to wait on the train. Next, I started a conversation with a businesswoman. It was wonderful to talk to her. I was really 18 to find I had been wrong all my life—business people are a lot cooler than I thought. There is so much more to her than a suit. Every weekend, she 19 her time in climbing mountains. She even dreams of climbing Everest. While we were talking, a woman returned from helping someone sick in another part of the train. She 20 as a hero by all of the people. Then, after two and a half hours, we started moving again. Everyone cheered and some people, complete strangers three hours ago, even hugged. 【答案】 11．minutes 12．suddenly 13．themselves 14．more 15．happened 16．visitor 17．to forget 18．surprised 19．spends 20．was welcomed 【导语】本文讲述了作者在一次火车旅行中的经历。 11．句意：然后，二十分钟后，我下车。根据“twenty...later”可知是二十分钟后，用名词复数minutes“分钟”。故填minutes。 12．句意：我正在看着窗外，火车突然停了下来。根据“when the train...stopped”可知火车突然停了下来，修饰动词用副词suddenly“突然”。故填suddenly。 13．句意：然后大约过了半小时，一些人开始自言自语，四处张望。根据“some people started speaking to”可知他们开始自言自语，故此处用反身代词themselves“他们自己”。故填themselves。 14．句意：火车停得越久，生气的人就越多。根据“The longer the train stood, the...people got angry”可知火车停得越久，生气的人就越多，此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”，故此处用比较级more。故填more。 15．句意：火车上响起了一声长长的叹息，但随后发生了一些意想不到的事情。根据“but then something unexpected”可知发生了一些出乎意料的事情，happen“发生”，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填happened。 16．句意：一位年轻的游客来到我身边。根据“A young...came to me. He was travelling here.”可知是一个年轻的游客，visitor“游客”，a后加可数名词单数。故填visitor。 17．句意：他感到很高兴，似乎忘记了他不得不在火车上等待的问题。根据“He felt pleased and seemed...the problem”可知他很高兴，似乎忘记了问题，forget“忘记”，seem to do sth.“似乎做某事”。故填to forget。 18．句意：我真的很惊讶，发现我一直以来都是错的——商人比我想像的要酷得多。根据“to find I had been wrong all my life”可知发现一直以来自己都是错的，所以是很惊讶，作表语用形容词，形容人用surprised“惊讶的”。故填surprised。 19．句意：每个周末，她都会花时间去爬山。根据“her time in climbing mountains”可知是花费时间爬山，spend“花费”，根据“Every weekend”可知句子用一般现在时，主语是she，谓语动词用单三。故填spends。 20．句意：她被所有人当作英雄欢迎。根据“as a hero by all of the people”可知她被当作英雄欢迎，welcome“欢迎”，和主语是被动关系，根据“returned”可知句子用一般过去时，be动词用was。故填was welcomed。 Passage 3 （2025·四川成都·中考真题）从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺（每词限用一次）。 after  busy  choose  direct  enjoy  expect  notice  offer  outside  rule  run  they Dashiban is a 600-year-old village in Xichang, Sichuan province. It was a 21 place on the Southern Silk Road and the Tea Horse Road. However, the village gradually declined. Many villagers left their hometown to search for work elsewhere. In order to change the situation, Xichang started a project in Dashiban in 2021. To keep the village’s historical charm (魅力), it followed the 22 of “repairing the old as old”. The local government improved tourism infrastructure (基础设施) 23 unforgettable experiences of local culture and traditions. The local government’s efforts changed the village’s appearance greatly, which has 24 benefited homestay (民宿) business. Chen Xiaoyu 25 a homestay for several years. She said she never 26 that she could make so much money in her hometown. The village’s change has also drawn more and more villagers working 27 back home to start businesses. Xiao Wenfang gave up her job in the big city and opened a restaurant with her father in the village 28 learning about its changes. Ethnic-themed travel photography has also become very popular in the ethnic village, following homestays and restaurants. Many tourists come to dress 29 in traditional clothes. Dashiban now has 232 homestays,85 restaurants and 65 travel photography studios. Tourism has become the village’ s main industry, creating jobs for over 1,000 villagers. It received 1.9 million visitors last year. People from different cities even 30 this small village to live in when they are free. They just want to enjoy the easy life here. 【答案】 21．busy 22．rule 23．to offer 24．directly 25．has run 26．expected 27．outside 28．after 29．themselves 30．choose 【导语】本文主要讲述了四川省西昌市大石板村通过发展旅游业实现乡村振兴的故事。 21．句意：它曾是南方丝绸之路和茶马古道上的一个繁忙之地。根据“It was a...place on the Southern Silk Road and the Tea Horse Road. However, the village gradually declined”和备选词可知，however前后为转折关系，这个村逐渐没落了，说明原来很繁忙，busy“忙碌的”符合语境，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰place。故填busy。 22．句意：为保留村庄的历史魅力，它遵循“修旧如旧”的规则。根据“followed the...of ‘repairing the old as old’”及备选词可知，follow the rule of...“遵循……的规则”，rule“规则”符合语境，此处表示遵循“修旧如旧”的规则，用单数名词作宾语。故填rule。 23．句意：当地政府改善旅游基础设施，以提供难忘的当地文化和传统体验。根据“improved tourism infrastructure...unforgettable experiences”及备选词可知，改善设施的目的是为了提供某种体验，offer“提供”符合语境。此处用动词不定式“to offer”作目的状语。故填to offer。 24．句意：当地政府的努力极大改变了村庄的面貌，这直接让民宿生意受益。根据“benefited homestay (民宿) business”及备选词可知，需用副词修饰动词benefited，direct“直接地”符合语境，此处应用其副词directly，强调政府举措对民宿业的直接影响。故填directly。 25．句意：陈晓宇经营民宿已有数年。根据“a homestay for several years”及备选词可知，run a homestay“经营民宿”，run“经营”符合语境；根据“for several years”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，主语Chen Xiaoyu为第三人称单数，故应用has run。故用has run。 26．句意：她说她从未预料到能在家乡赚这么多钱。根据“she never...that she could make so much money”及备选词可知，她应是从未预料到能在家乡赚到如此多的钱，expect“预料”符合语境，主句为过去式said，从句用过去式expected。故填expected。 27．句意：村庄的变化也吸引了越来越多在外工作的村民返乡创业。根据“villagers working...back home”及备选词可知，村庄的变化应是吸引了越来越多在外工作的村民返乡创业，“在外工作”working outside，outside“在外面”作副词修饰 working，指在外打工的村民。故填outside。 28．句意：肖文芳了解到村庄的变化后，放弃了在大城市的工作，和父亲在村里开了一家餐馆。根据“gave up her job...learning about its changes”及备选词可知，应是在了解变化之后才放弃了在大城市的工作，和父亲在村里开了一家餐馆，after“在……之后”符合语境。故填after。 29．句意：许多游客来此穿上传统服饰。根据“dress...in traditional clothes”及备选词可知，dress oneself in“穿上……”，此处应用themselves“他们自己”，指代游客。故填themselves。 30．句意：甚至不同城市的人也选择在闲暇时来这个小村庄居住。根据“this small village to live in”及备选词可知，人们应是选择这个村庄居住，choose“选择”符合语境，根据“are”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语People为复数，故动词应用原形。故填choose。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·贵州·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Maps have been an important tool for humans for thousands of years. They were first created to meet people’s basic needs. In the past, people 31 (need) maps to find directions. As society developed, people also used maps for traveling, exploration and trade. In ancient times, maps were 32 (draw) by hand. They were usually very simple. People used symbols and pictures to show important places and routes. As time passed, maps became more detailed (详细的). Some map makers started to use new methods 33 (create) maps. They included more information about the world in maps, such as the locations of 34 (city) and rivers. This made maps more 35 (use) for planning trips and looking for new places. During the Age of Exploration, map-making skills improved 36 (great). Many explorers went to new places and brought back 37 (they) findings. This helped map makers create more accurate (精确的) maps of the world. Today, we have electronic maps on computers and smartphones. They can suggest the 38 (good) routes, provide real-time traffic conditions and recommend nearby attractions, which makes it possible to save time. Therefore, our 39 (day) lives become more convenient. Maps have changed over time, but their purpose 40 (remain) the same: to help people understand and find their ways around the world. 【答案】 31．needed 32．drawn 33．to create 34．cities 35．useful 36．greatly 37．their 38．best 39．daily 40．remains 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了地图从古至今的发展历程及其对人类生活的重要性。 31．句意：在过去，人们需要地图来寻找方向。 根据时间状语In the past可知，时态是一般过去时，谓语动词需用过去式。故填needed。 32．句意：在古代，地图是手工绘制的。主语maps与动词draw之间是被动关系，地图被手工绘制，且描述过去事实，用一般过去时的被动语态，draw用其过去分词。故填drawn。 33．句意：一些制图师开始使用新方法来创建地图。 use methods to do“使用工具来……”，此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to create。   34．句意：他们在地图中加入了更多关于世界的信息，比如城市和河流的位置。city与rivers并列，需用复数形式。故填cities。 35．句意：这使得地图对规划旅行和寻找新地方更有用。make sth adj.“使某物……”，形容词作宾语补足语，use的形容词形式是useful。故填useful。 36．句意：在大航海时代，制图技术极大地提高了。 修饰动词improved需用副词形式。故填greatly。 37．句意：许多探险家前往新地方并带回他们的发现。用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”修饰名词findings。故填their。 38．句意：它们可以建议最佳路线，提供实时交通状况，并推荐附近的景点，从而节省时间。与the连用且隐含比较意义，用good的最高级best。故填best。 39．句意：因此，我们的日常生活变得更加便利。修饰名词lives需用形容词daily。故填daily。 40． 句意：地图随时间变化，但其目的保持不变。 主语purpose是单数，且描述客观事实，用一般现在时，故谓语动词用其三单形式。故填remains。 Passage 2 （2025·江苏苏州·中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On Pingjiang Road in Suzhou, 65-year-old Ms Wu runs a traditional tea house for 30years. She never expected 41 (oneself) to become a tea master who helped build a cultural bridge. It started in 2015 when a German tourist named Klaus walked into her shop. With the help of a phone app, Ms Wu 42 (patient) showed him the way to properly brew (沏) Biluochun, Suzhou’s famous green tea. Klaus returned every day that week and 43 (bring) more friends each time. Seeing how 44 (interest) they were in Chinese tea, Ms Wu started a weekly activity called “Tea Culture Saturdays”. She showed foreigners 45 to brew tea with traditional methods—from choosing the water temperature to 46 (follow) tea-making rules. Her daughter Lily, a college student, helped translate. Soon, her tea house was always crowded with 47 (visit), including students and business people from many places. “I used to think foreigners wouldn’t understand our tea culture, 48 they love it deeply. Some of them even treat their friends with Chinese tea at home,” Ms Wu said. One of her favourite 49 (moment) was when Sarah, a Canadian, gave her a notebook filled with tea notes written in both English and Chinese. “This is why I keep teaching,” Ms Wu said, showing 50 treasured notebook. Now, her tea house appears in travel guides as “Suzhou’s cultural living room”. For tourists, every cup of tea served is a window on the tea culture of this ancient city. 【答案】 41．herself 42．patiently 43．brought 44．interested 45．how 46．following 47．visitors 48．but 49．moments 50．the 【导语】本文讲述了苏州65岁的吴女士通过经营传统茶馆，意外成为促进中外茶文化交流的桥梁的故事。 41．句意：她从没预料到自己会成为一名帮助架起文化桥梁的茶艺师。主语为She，此处应用其反身代词herself指代她自己。故填herself。 42．句意：在一个手机应用程序的帮助下，吴女士耐心地向他展示如何正确冲泡苏州著名绿茶碧螺春。showed为动词，此处应用patient的副词patiently修饰动词。故填patiently。 43．句意：克劳斯在那一周的每一天都来，而且每次都会带来更多的朋友。根据“returned”可知句子应用一般过去时，谓语动词bring应用其过去式brought。故填brought。 44．句意：看到他们对中国茶如此感兴趣，吴女士发起了一个每周一次的名叫“茶文化星期六”的活动。根据“how…they were in Chinese tea”可知，该句为how引导的感叹句，be interested in“对……感兴趣”，how后接形容词。故填interested。 45．句意：她向外国游客展示如何用传统的方法泡茶——从水温选择到遵循茶道规则。根据“showed foreigners…to brew tea with traditional methods”可知，她展示泡茶的方式，用how+动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填how。 46．句意：她向外国游客展示如何用传统的方法泡茶——从水温选择到遵循茶道规则。根据“from choosing the water temperature”可知介词to后接follow的动名词following作宾语。故填following。 47．句意：很快，她的茶馆挤满了来自许多地方的学生和商务人士。根据“including students and business people from many places”可知，此处应用visit的名词visitor作宾语，且应用其复数形式表泛指。故填visitors。 48．句意：我曾以为外国人不懂我们的茶文化，但他们其实对此爱得深沉。前后两句存在转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 49．句意：她最珍视的时刻之一，就是加拿大游客萨拉送给她的一本写满中英文的茶道笔记。根据“One of her favourite”可知此处应用moment的复数形式。故填moments。 50．句意：吴女士展示着这本珍贵的笔记本说道：“这就是我坚持教学的原因。”根据上文“gave her a notebook filled with tea notes written in both English and Chinese”可知，此处应用定冠词the特指这本笔记本。故填the。 Passage 3 （2025·福建·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The Great Wall, which is a symbol of our history, snakes across a mountain area of Tianzhu, Gansu province. Thirty-nine protectors work 51 (careful) in the area to protect the great wonder. With 52 history of over 2,000 years, the wall in Gansu wasn’t in good condition. Nature did great harm to the wall. Some 53 (part) of the wall were washed away by heavy rains and blown away by strong winds. People in some places also harmed it. But things started to change. In 2006, Great Wall Protection Regulations (条例) 54 (come) into effect. After that, more and more people started to take part 55 caring for the wall. In recent years, the government of Tianzhu has spent more and more money 56 (protect) the wall. Modern technology like self-driven sensing technology 57 drones (无人机) have also been used to watch the wall. With all these efforts, the protectors are still busy with the work. Every week they guard the wall, and any changes are well recorded and 58 (report) to the government. They also help people realize it’s important to protect cultural heritage (遗产). Luckily, with 59 (they) hard work, much greater changes have taken place. “As long as we are here, we will protect this wall. It is our job and our 60 (proud),” said one of the protectors. 【答案】 51．carefully 52．a 53．parts 54．came 55．in 56．protecting 57．and 58．reported 59．their 60．pride 【导语】本文主要介绍了甘肃天祝县的长城保护工作。 51．句意：39名保护者在这个地区认真地工作，以保护这一伟大的奇迹。此处修饰动词work用副词carefully“认真地”。故填carefully。 52．句意：有着超过2000年历史的甘肃长城状况不佳。with a history of“有……的历史”。故填a。 53．句意：长城的一些部分被大雨冲走，被强风吹走。some后加可数名词复数parts“部分”。故填parts。 54．句意：2006年，《长城保护条例》开始生效。根据“In 2006”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填came。 55．句意：此后，越来越多的人开始参与保护长城的工作。take part in“参加”。故填in。 56．句意：近年来，天祝县政府投入了越来越多的资金来保护长城。protect“保护”，spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”。故填protecting。 57．句意：自动驾驶感应技术和无人机等现代技术也被用来监控长城。“self-driven sensing technology”和“drones”是并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 58．句意：每周他们都守护着长城，任何变化都被详细记录并报告给政府。此处动词report和主语any changes之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填reported。 59．句意：幸运的是，通过他们的努力，发生了更大的变化。修饰空后的名词，用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”。故填their。 60．句意：这是我们的工作，也是我们的骄傲。形容词性物主代词our后加名词pride“骄傲”，不可数名词。故填pride。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$