精品解析：江西省景德镇市2024-2025学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题

景德镇市2024—2025学年下学期期末质量检测卷 高二英语 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the man want to do? A. Take the escalator. B. Get his baggage. C. Exchange some money. 2. What is unavailable in the restaurant now? A. Coke. B. Milkshake. C. Cheeseburger. 3. Why does Jennifer call Henry? A. To ask a favor. B. To show her thanks. C. To make a complaint. 4. How will the man pay? A. By phone. B. By credit card. C. By cash. 5. What was unforgettable for the woman in her childhood? A. She stole her brother’s snacks. B. She lost her favorite dog. C. She wronged her brother. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6. What are the speakers talking about? A. Different countries. B. Historical places. C. A travel experience. 7. Where does the woman come from? A. India. B. France. C. America. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. When did Peter arrive at school today? A. At 8:00 am. B. At 8:10 am. C. At 8:30 am. 9. Who usually takes Peter to school? A. His mother. B. His father. C. His sister. 10. How does Peter plan to go to school? A. By car. B. By subway. C. By bus. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Where are the speakers? A. In a studio. B. In a school. C. In a park. 12. What was the man’s mother? A. A forest keeper. B. An environment expert. C. A garden designer. 13. What does the man like most about his job? A. Working outdoors. B. Meeting different people. C. Reliving his childhood memories. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. Why does the woman want to get a new job? A. To earn a better salary. B. To get more inspiration. C. To escape from her boring work. 15. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Family members. C. Interviewer and interviewee. 16. How does the woman feel now? A. Nervous. B. Calm. C. Surprised. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. When is the talk probably being given? A. At the beginning of the term. B. In the middle of the term. C. At the end of the term. 18. What will the officials check first? A. The safety doors. B. The fire alarms. C. The electrical system. 19. Why is the football field closed? A. It will be slightly enlarged. B. It has been replaced by the schoolyard. C. It has some safety problems with the surface. 20. What will take place on Friday afternoon? A A welcome party. B. A staff meeting. C. A safety check. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Historic Sites in Paris Paris is a city full of sites of different times and architectural styles. Here are some of these famous spots that are essential to understand the city’s complicated past. Eiffel Tower Presented as part of the 1889 World Exposition in Paris, the Eiffel Tower has become the city’s most famous attraction. It is accessible on Line 6 or Line 8 of the Paris Metro by Bir-Hakeim or Trocadéro stations. If possible, avoid visiting this spot at peak hours (10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.) or on weekends, so you can make the most of your visit to enjoy the views from the top. The best moments are right after it first opens on weekdays. Notre-Dame Cathedral Dating back to the 12th century, the Notre-Dame Cathedral has long towered alongside the banks of the Seine River. With its complicated Gothic (哥特式的) architectural details, it represents Parisian religion and architecture. Unfortunately, a fire broke out on April 15, 2019, destroying part of it. Visitors are not allowed to enter now. Louvre Museum Louvre Museum is one of the most famous art museums in the world where you can witness the city’s rich painting history from the medieval (中世纪的) period to the present. It is easily accessible on Line 1 from the Palais Royal-Musée du Louvre station. It is closed on Tuesdays as well as January 1, May 1, and December 25 each year. Arc de Triomphe The Arc de Triomphe serves as a national symbol of France, which was built by Napoleon I in celebration of the victory at the Battle of Austerlitz. Take Line 1, 2, or 6 to Charles de Gaulle-Etoile station and you will see the Arc de Triomphe. Visitors can purchase tickets for a tour to the top to enjoy the views of the city. 1. Which is the best time to visit Eiffel Tower? A. At 2:00 p.m., Sunday. B. At 9:00 a.m., Monday. C. At 11:00 a.m., Tuesday. D. At 10:00 a.m., Saturday. 2. Where should visitors go if they are interested in art history? A. Eiffel Tower. B. Louvre Museum. C. Arc de Triomphe. D. Notre-Dame Cathedral. 3. What can be inferred from the listed attractions? A. They require tickets for a tour. B. They are easily accessible by subway. C. They allow visitors to enter on holidays. D. They are spots to show the history of Paris. B Scott had just graduated when a job posted on a Harvard mailing list caught her eye. Two Harvard Business School students had an idea for a company offering on-demand household services like cleaning, furniture assembly and remodeling. They needed a chief technical officer to design the website and app. Scott joined the company called Handy, and helped it grow to the point where it operates in 28 major U.S. cities, plus more in Canada. Scott became interested in entrepreneurship while still at high school. Her father, a businessman, instilled (灌输) a passion for entrepreneurship, while her elementary school teacher introduced her to coding. It wasn’t long before those two interests joined each other. “I wanted to make my own money.” Scott said. While still in high school. Scott co-founded a podcast hosting platform called Switchpod.com. Scott’s technical abilities helped turn it into a successful business. She sold it to a larger software company before her freshman year at Harvard. Always planning to study computer science, Scott chose SEAS. Attending Harvard fulfilled a dream she and her father had shared. Even as she was studying computer science, she was gaining other skills that would pay off in her career as an entrepreneur. “Harvard encourages a multidisciplinary (多学科的) approach to education, which can be beneficial for entrepreneurs who often need to navigate various aspects of business.” she said. By day, she does coding at a Fortune 400 company. She’s also become an investor in other small businesses. Scott owes her success at Switchpod and Handy to strong founding team”. When I invest in a startup, I’m looking for a passionate team with an innovative idea that addresses a clear market need,” she said. It’s been a while since Scott co-founded a company of her own, but that doesn’t mean she’s done with that part of her life. Every business experience has taught her new skills. When the next company opportunity presents itself, she’ll just be that much more prepared to make it a success. 4. What is passage mainly about? A. Scott’s struggle against difficulty. B. Scott’s talent for entrepreneurship. C. How Scott’s interests contribute to her success. D. How Scott looks for a promising business partner. 5. What is the main idea of paragraph 2? A. To tell of his natural talents. B. To describe Scott’s family background. C. To highlight the importance of a good teacher. D To introduce how Scott developed his interests. 6. How does Harvard education influence Scott? A. It helps her find her dream. B. It encourages her to start a business. C. It provides her with many other life skills. D. It equips her with skills helpful for her career. 7. Which of the following words can best describe Scott? A. Talented and ambitious. B. Proud and daring. C. Cooperative and generous. D. Modest and outgoing. C Beneath the surface of the earth lies a lively, invisible ecosystem full of life, often referred to as the “living skin” of the earth. It is a hidden world where countless organisms (生物体) interact in complex ways, driving essential processes that enable life to survive. They are the unsung heroes of nutrient cycling, soil stability, and even climate balance. Organisms in the soil are both copious and diverse. They range in size from the one-celled bacteria, to the more complex tiny bugs, and to the larger organisms such as insects and plants. Soil microbes (微生物) are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. Bacteria are the most plentiful microbes in soil, with a population of 1010-1011 individuals and 6,000-50,000 species per gram of soil and a biomass of 40-500 grams per square metre. If we are to understand the functions of soil microbes and the impact of management practices on soil quality, we need to analyze microbial community composition beyond just counting individuals. Traditional methods of studying microbes often rely on culturing techniques, which have significant limitations as they can only detect a small part of the microbial community. Advanced genetic (基因的) techniques, such as DNA sequencing and PCR, however, enable the detection and categorization of previously unculturable microbes. These methods enhance our ability to identify shifts in microbial communities, providing critical insights into soil health and functional dynamics. Soil microbes play both beneficial and harmful roles as contributors to soil environmental problems such as climate change and groundwater pollution. The physical chemical, and biological soil characteristics and their interactions with the resident community of soil microbes have a significant impact on the growth and activity of these microbes. As our understanding of these complex relationships develops, we should be able to develop soil management practices that are sustainable and can lead to preservation and improvement of soil quality. 8. What does the “living skin” of the earth mainly do? A. Sustain life on the earth. B. Control microbial population. C. Protect the surface of the earth. D. Monitor changes in the ecosystem. 9 What does the underlined word “copious” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Small. B. Active. C. Invisible. D. Plentiful. 10. Why are modern genetic techniques used in studying microbes? A. To identify diverse microbes. B. To simplify microbial counting. C. To help culture more microbes. D. To minimize microbial impact on soil. 11. What can help us to improve soil management practices? A. Removing harmful microbes. B. Distinguishing soil characteristics. C. Understanding soil-microbe interactions. D. Strengthening relationships among microbes. D The ability to detect a nearby presence without seeing or touching it may sound fantastical — but it’s a real ability that some creatures have. A family of African fish known as Mormyrids are weakly electric, and have special organs that can locate a nearby target, even when it’s hiding in the mud. Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modelled on the ability of these fish. “We developed a new strategy for 3D motion positioning by electronic skin, bio-inspired by ‘electric fish’”, says Dr. Xinge Yu, an associate professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the City University of Hong Kong. The team described their e-skin sensor in a paper published on November 14 in Nature. The artificial sensor is multi-layered. One layer acts as a transmitter (发射器), which will generate an electric field once activated, and another layer acts as a receiver to detect both the direction and the distance to an object. A separate controller creates the driving signal to activate the transmitter. When an object comes within range, the electric field around the sensor is disrupted (扰乱), which in turn can be detected by the receiver. This data is then processed by a micro controller unit, which computes the position of the target object and sends that information to a smartphone or other devices. A special biogel (生物凝胶) is used in the sensor, which has the ability to transmit and receive electric signals from a pattern of micro channels on the surface. The end result is a sensor that is thin, soft and flexible, making it cosy to adapt to irregular surfaces, such as the human body. In contrast to the traditional sensor system that needs a large number of sensors to achieve spatial positioning, the new system can locate an object precisely in 3D space using just a few sensors. This significantly reduces the power consumption of data collection, transmission, and processing. The researchers hope that this sensor could one day open up a new range of wearable technologies, including sensors for human-machine interaction and thin, flexible e-skin. 12. What does paragraph 1 aim to show? A. the special ability of African fish. B. the inspiration for a new invention. C. the big challenge of locating objects. D. the reason for developing a sensor. 13. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the sensor? A. Its development process. B. Its operating mechanism. C. Its main layers. D. Its environment impact. 14. What is an advantage of the new sensor system? A. Its sensitivity to different stimulations. B. Its adaptation to environmental changes. C. Its efficiency in achieving 3D positioning. D. Its speed in data collection and processing. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. Machine Detective “Wears” Flexible E-skin B. Bio-inspired Sensor “Feels” Without Touching C. E-Skin Sensor: The Future of Machine Learning D. Electric Fields: The Frontier of Object Detection 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Poetry, with its rhythmic language and layered meanings, invites readers to explore emotions, ideas, and beauty beyond the literal. To fully engage with a poem, consider these methods to deepen your appreciation and understanding. Read aloud for rhythm and sound ____16____ Read the poem aloud slowly. Notice the rhythm, rhymes, or repeating sounds. For example, Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven uses a tense beat, while Langston Hughes’ Dreams has a gentle flow. Do they sound cheerful, sad, or urgent? The “music” of a poem often mirrors its mood. ____17____ Understanding a poem’s historical, cultural, or biographical context enriches interpretation. It will help you a lot to find out when the poem was written or what the poet’s life was like. But don’t stress — even a quick Google search can add meaning. Accept confusion Poems don’t always have one right explanation. ____18____ Maybe Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 is both a love poem and a joke about clichés (陈词滥调). Discuss with classmates — different views make poems more interesting! Let uncertainty spark curiosity. Connect the poem to your life Let your emotions guide your understanding. If a line reminds you of a personal experience, write down your thoughts or share them with a friend. ____19____ Poetry isn’t just about analysis — it’s about feeling and imagination. Appreciating poetry is both an art and a practice — requiring attention to form, context, and personal reflection. As Eliot wrote, poetry “communicates before it is understood”, inviting us to return, rethink, and rediscover its magic endlessly. ____20____ A. Poems are meant to be heard. B. Learn the background of the poem. C. Compare poems by different authors. D. Poetry is alive when it speaks to you. E. Practice memorizing your favorite lines. F. If a line feels puzzling, write down your guesses. G. Grab a poem, read it aloud, and let yourself enjoy the magic of it. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Tragic optimism, which means finding meaning and maintaining hope despite unavoidable pain, loss and suffering, is a crucial life skill. There are three tragedies that everyone faces. The first tragedy is ____21____ pain, because we are made of flesh and bone. The second is guilt, because we have the freedom to make choices and thus feel responsible when things don’t go our way. The third is loss, because we must face the reality that everything we value is ____22____, including our own lives. Tragic optimism means acknowledging, accepting and even expecting that life will contain hardship and hurt, then doing everything we can to move forward with a ____23____ attitude anyway. It tells us that one cannot be happy by trying to be happy all the time. Worse yet, we cannot be happy when ____24____ we ought to be. Rather, tragic optimism holds space for the full range of human experience and emotion, giving us ____25____ to feel happiness and sadness, hope and fear, loss and possibility — sometimes in the same day, and even in the same hour. Tragic optimism does not encourage ____26____ seeking out or romanticizing misery. Not everything has to be meaningful; sometimes things are just ____27____. Instead, tragic optimism realizes the unavoidability of ____28____ but at the same time that we ourselves can determine how we face it. Difficult moments often lead to extreme behaviors: what’s now known as ____29____ positivity on the one hand — tricking ourselves that everything is great — or extreme negativity and desperation on the other hand. Though completely opposite, both _____30_____ us of doing anything about the situation. Extreme optimism and unrealistic belief, at root, _____31_____ that anything is wrong; and if nothing is wrong, there is nothing to worry about and nothing to change. Extreme negativity and desperation are so harsh that they are firmly convinced that any action would be _____32_____. But, actually, between these two poles exists a third way: _____33_____ wise hope and wise action. Wise hope and wise action ask us to _____34_____ a situation and see it clearly for what it is, and then gather the strength, courage and resolve to focus on what we can control. We remind ourselves that we have faced challenges before. We continue because to stand still is not a(n) _____35_____. 21. A. physical B. mental C. constant D. sudden 22. A. unbelievable B. irresistible C. impermanent D. unrealistic 23 A. critical B. positive C. negative D. sympathetic 24. A. complaining B. assuming C. warning D. rejecting 25. A. memory B. rewards C. motives D. permission 26. A. passively B. hesitantly C. actively D. initially 27. A. awful B. wonderful C. straightforward D. beneficial 28. A. suffering B. romance C. departure D. conflict 29. A. apparent B. stunning C. balanced D. blind 30. A. remind B. free C. accuse D. inform 31. A. confirm B. deny C. imply D. recognize 32. A. effective B. preventive C. pointless D. violent 33. A. applying for B. participating in C. reflecting on D. committing to 34. A. accept B. exploit C. create D. mask 35. A. trend B. option C. example D. negotiation 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The most popular genres in libraries are fiction, sci-fi, and fantasy. However, what these books often provide is merely momentary pleasure, Isn’t ____36____ purpose of reading to gain perspective? Nonfiction, however, can be appealing and beautifully ____37____ (write). Many underestimate nonfiction, ____38____ (wrong) believing that creativity means making up or exaggeration. This is completely incorrect. Creative doesn’t mean inventing what didn’t happen, ____39____ (report) and describing what wasn’t there. The basic rule is clear. The reality can be as complicated as fantasy. Fiction has to come from somewhere. You can’t make this stuff up!” When we begin to realize that there is just as much creativity that ____40____ (go) into writing nonfiction as there is in fiction we can truly appreciate it. Take memoirs for instance. It takes skill ____41____ (concentrate) a life in a few hundred pages. Many authors hesitate to reveal their struggles and secrets, as their narratives may not satisfy the audience’s expectations. Yet today’s generation needs to learn from the past. The autobiography trend continues to flourish, ____42____ celebrities, politicians, and athletes sharing their stories. Both victims and ____43____ (hero) reveal their truths, engaging readers who often overlook their nonfiction classification. This literature of reality promotes ____44____ (meaning) connections across the globe. Truth is not dull; our history is not dull; our future is not dull. How can we expect to change the world if we ignore our origin ____45____ the lessons they offer? To face up reality, we must become well informed in all things real. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你校学生会为响应国家号召启动了“体重管理年”活动，旨在提高全校师生健康水平。请你代表学生会给校英语报写一份倡议书，呼吁全校师生加入此活动。内容包括： (1)体重管理的重要性； (2)如何进行体重管理； (3)发出体重管理倡议。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, Our school has launched the “Year of Weight Management” activity. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Student Union 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 At the age of 35, I resigned from my job to start my own business. I felt like I was on the right path, making plans and working tirelessly. Months passed, and I was always on the go, even when not officially working, my mind was still focused on my business. Time seemed insufficient, and I feared that any relaxation might lead to disappointment in others. However, the more I worked, the less progress I seemed to make. When exhaustion began to take over, I told myself I just needed to push harder and be more organized. But something was clearly wrong. I was exhausted and my body ached all over. My smart watch kept alerting me that my heart rate was too high. Despite my efforts to stay healthy — quitting drinking, changing my diet, and losing weight — my condition did not improve. Eventually, I sought medical help. The doctor asked about my stress levels. Although I didn’t think I was overly stressed, tests revealed that I had a condition called Graves’ disease, which can worsen due to stress. The next day, I encountered an old friend, Emily. We hadn’t seen each other for a while, and Emily noticed my fatigue. “You look tired,” she said with concern. “I don’t know what you’ve been through, but you seem to be wearing yourself out.” “Things have been a bit crazy lately,” I admitted. “Maybe it’s time to take a break,” Emily suggested. As we said goodbye, she added, “It was good to see you. You’ve lost weight; make sure you take care of yourself.” She waved and left. Reflecting on my previous behavior, I realized I had been neglecting the simple joys of life — the small but significant moments that help me relax and recharge, such as spending time with family, participating in community activities to help those in need, socializing with friends, and visiting my favorite bookstore. A few days later, Emily called and asked, “There’s a charity event this weekend aimed at helping the left-behind children and elderly people who live alone in our community. Would you like to join me and lend a hand?” 注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I was hesitant at first, but I decided to give it a try. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After that memorable day, I decided to make a change to my life. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 景德镇市2024—2025学年下学期期末质量检测卷 高二英语 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the man want to do? A. Take the escalator. B. Get his baggage. C. Exchange some money. 2. What is unavailable in the restaurant now? A. Coke. B. Milkshake. C. Cheeseburger. 3. Why does Jennifer call Henry? A. To ask a favor. B. To show her thanks. C. To make a complaint. 4. How will the man pay? A. By phone. B. By credit card. C. By cash. 5. What was unforgettable for the woman in her childhood? A. She stole her brother’s snacks. B. She lost her favorite dog. C. She wronged her brother. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6. What are the speakers talking about? A. Different countries. B. Historical places. C. A travel experience. 7. Where does the woman come from? A. India. B. France. C. America. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. When did Peter arrive at school today? A. At 8:00 am. B. At 8:10 am. C. At 8:30 am. 9. Who usually takes Peter to school? A. His mother. B. His father. C. His sister. 10. How does Peter plan to go to school? A. By car. B. By subway. C. By bus. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Where are the speakers? A. In a studio. B. In a school. C. In a park. 12. What was the man’s mother? A. A forest keeper. B. An environment expert. C. A garden designer. 13. What does the man like most about his job? A. Working outdoors. B. Meeting different people. C. Reliving his childhood memories. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. Why does the woman want to get a new job? A. To earn a better salary. B. To get more inspiration. C. To escape from her boring work. 15. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Family members. C. Interviewer and interviewee. 16. How does the woman feel now? A. Nervous. B. Calm. C. Surprised. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. When is the talk probably being given? A. At the beginning of the term. B. In the middle of the term. C. At the end of the term. 18. What will the officials check first? A. The safety doors. B. The fire alarms. C. The electrical system. 19. Why is the football field closed? A. It will be slightly enlarged. B. It has been replaced by the schoolyard. C. It has some safety problems with the surface. 20. What will take place on Friday afternoon? A. A welcome party. B. A staff meeting. C. A safety check. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Historic Sites in Paris Paris is a city full of sites of different times and architectural styles. Here are some of these famous spots that are essential to understand the city’s complicated past. Eiffel Tower Presented as part of the 1889 World Exposition in Paris, the Eiffel Tower has become the city’s most famous attraction. It is accessible on Line 6 or Line 8 of the Paris Metro by Bir-Hakeim or Trocadéro stations. If possible, avoid visiting this spot at peak hours (10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.) or on weekends, so you can make the most of your visit to enjoy the views from the top. The best moments are right after it first opens on weekdays. Notre-Dame Cathedral Dating back to the 12th century, the Notre-Dame Cathedral has long towered alongside the banks of the Seine River. With its complicated Gothic (哥特式的) architectural details, it represents Parisian religion and architecture. Unfortunately, a fire broke out on April 15, 2019, destroying part of it. Visitors are not allowed to enter now. Louvre Museum Louvre Museum is one of the most famous art museums in the world where you can witness the city’s rich painting history from the medieval (中世纪的) period to the present. It is easily accessible on Line 1 from the Palais Royal-Musée du Louvre station. It is closed on Tuesdays as well as January 1, May 1, and December 25 each year. Arc de Triomphe The Arc de Triomphe serves as a national symbol of France, which was built by Napoleon I in celebration of the victory at the Battle of Austerlitz. Take Line 1, 2, or 6 to Charles de Gaulle-Etoile station and you will see the Arc de Triomphe. Visitors can purchase tickets for a tour to the top to enjoy the views of the city. 1. Which is the best time to visit Eiffel Tower? A. At 2:00 p.m., Sunday. B. At 9:00 a.m., Monday. C. At 11:00 a.m., Tuesday. D. At 10:00 a.m., Saturday. 2. Where should visitors go if they are interested in art history? A. Eiffel Tower. B. Louvre Museum. C. Arc de Triomphe. D. Notre-Dame Cathedral. 3. What can be inferred from the listed attractions? A. They require tickets for a tour. B. They are easily accessible by subway. C. They allow visitors to enter on holidays. D. They are spots to show the history of Paris. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了巴黎四个不同时期和建筑风格迥异的历史遗迹。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“If possible, avoid visiting this spot at peak hours (10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.) or on weekends, so you can make the most of your visit to enjoy the views from the top. The best moments are right after it first opens on weekdays.(如果可能的话，避免在高峰时间(上午10点至下午5点)或周末参观这个地方，这样你就可以充分利用你的参观来欣赏顶部的景色。最好的时刻是在工作日刚开门的时候。)”可知，应避免在高峰期和周末参观Eiffel Tower，且最好的参观时间是在它刚开门的时候，因此“周一上午九点”是最好的游览时间。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Louvre Museum is one of the most famous art museums in the world where you can witness the city’s rich painting history from the medieval (中世纪的) period to the present. (卢浮宫博物馆是世界上最著名的艺术博物馆之一，在这里你可以见证这座城市从中世纪到现在丰富的绘画历史。)”可知，卢浮宫博物馆是了解从中世纪开始到现在的绘画历史的地方。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段末句“Here are some of these famous spots that are essential to understand the city’s complicated past. (这里有一些著名的景点，对于了解这座城市复杂的过去是必不可少的。)”可知，本文展示了关于巴黎历史的一些景点。故选D。 B Scott had just graduated when a job posted on a Harvard mailing list caught her eye. Two Harvard Business School students had an idea for a company offering on-demand household services like cleaning, furniture assembly and remodeling. They needed a chief technical officer to design the website and app. Scott joined the company called Handy, and helped it grow to the point where it operates in 28 major U.S. cities, plus more in Canada. Scott became interested in entrepreneurship while still at high school. Her father, a businessman, instilled (灌输) a passion for entrepreneurship, while her elementary school teacher introduced her to coding. It wasn’t long before those two interests joined each other. “I wanted to make my own money.” Scott said. While still in high school. Scott co-founded a podcast hosting platform called Switchpod.com. Scott’s technical abilities helped turn it into a successful business. She sold it to a larger software company before her freshman year at Harvard. Always planning to study computer science, Scott chose SEAS. Attending Harvard fulfilled a dream she and her father had shared. Even as she was studying computer science, she was gaining other skills that would pay off in her career as an entrepreneur. “Harvard encourages a multidisciplinary (多学科的) approach to education, which can be beneficial for entrepreneurs who often need to navigate various aspects of business.” she said. By day, she does coding at a Fortune 400 company. She’s also become an investor in other small businesses. Scott owes her success at Switchpod and Handy to strong founding team”. When I invest in a startup, I’m looking for a passionate team with an innovative idea that addresses a clear market need,” she said. It’s been a while since Scott co-founded a company of her own, but that doesn’t mean she’s done with that part of her life. Every business experience has taught her new skills. When the next company opportunity presents itself, she’ll just be that much more prepared to make it a success. 4. What is passage mainly about? A. Scott’s struggle against difficulty. B. Scott’s talent for entrepreneurship. C. How Scott’s interests contribute to her success. D. How Scott looks for a promising business partner. 5. What is the main idea of paragraph 2? A. To tell of his natural talents. B. To describe Scott’s family background. C. To highlight the importance of a good teacher. D. To introduce how Scott developed his interests. 6. How does Harvard education influence Scott? A. It helps her find her dream. B. It encourages her to start a business. C. It provides her with many other life skills. D. It equips her with skills helpful for her career. 7. Which of the following words can best describe Scott? A. Talented and ambitious. B. Proud and daring. C. Cooperative and generous. D. Modest and outgoing. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Scott从小培养兴趣并逐步成长为成功创业者的经历。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。 根据全文内容，文章主要讲述了Scott如何将她的兴趣（编程和创业）结合起来，并通过这些兴趣在高中和大学期间成功创业，最终在职业道路上取得成功。文章强调了她对计算机科学和创业的热情如何推动她的职业发展。因此，文章主要讲的是“Scott的兴趣如何促进她的成功”。故选C。 【5题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Scott became interested in entrepreneurship while still at high school. Her father, a businessman, instilled (灌输) a passion for entrepreneurship, while her elementary school teacher introduced her to coding. It wasn’t long before those two interests joined each other. (Scott在高中时就对创业产生了兴趣。她的父亲是一位商人，向她灌输了对创业的热情，而她的小学老师则让她接触到了编程。没过多久，这两种兴趣就结合在了一起)”可知，第二段提到Scott在高中时对创业产生兴趣，并受到父亲和小学老师的影响，将编程和创业结合。这段主要介绍了Scott的兴趣是如何形成的。故选D。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Even as she was studying computer science, she was gaining other skills that would pay off in her career as an entrepreneur. “Harvard encourages a multidisciplinary (多学科的) approach to education, which can be beneficial for entrepreneurs who often need to navigate various aspects of business.” she said. (即使在学习计算机科学期间，她也在积累其他技能，这些技能在她的创业生涯中将会发挥作用。“哈佛鼓励多学科的教育方法，这对企业家来说很有益处，因为他们常常需要应对商业的各个方面。” 她说)”可知，哈佛教育为她提供了对职业生涯有帮助的技能。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Scott became interested in entrepreneurship while still at high school. (Scott在高中时就对创业产生了兴趣)”及第三段中“While still in high school. Scott co-founded a podcast hosting platform called Switchpod.com. Scott’s technical abilities helped turn it into a successful business. (还在上高中时，Scott就与人共同创办了一个名为Switchpod.com的播客托管平台。她的技术能力助力该平台发展成一项成功的业务)”和最后一段“It’s been a while since Scott co-founded a company of her own, but that doesn’t mean she’s done with that part of her life. Every business experience has taught her new skills. When the next company opportunity presents itself, she’ll just be that much more prepared to make it a success. (Scott与人合伙创办公司已经有一段时间了，但这并不意味着她已经结束了人生中的这一部分。每一次商业经历都教会了她新的技能。当下一个创办公司的机会出现时，她将会做好更充分的准备，让它取得成功)”及全文内容可知，Scott从小就对创业和编程感兴趣，并在高中和大学期间成功创立并运营了公司。这表明她具有天赋和雄心壮志。故选A。 C Beneath the surface of the earth lies a lively, invisible ecosystem full of life, often referred to as the “living skin” of the earth. It is a hidden world where countless organisms (生物体) interact in complex ways, driving essential processes that enable life to survive. They are the unsung heroes of nutrient cycling, soil stability, and even climate balance. Organisms in the soil are both copious and diverse. They range in size from the one-celled bacteria, to the more complex tiny bugs, and to the larger organisms such as insects and plants. Soil microbes (微生物) are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. Bacteria are the most plentiful microbes in soil, with a population of 1010-1011 individuals and 6,000-50,000 species per gram of soil and a biomass of 40-500 grams per square metre. If we are to understand the functions of soil microbes and the impact of management practices on soil quality, we need to analyze microbial community composition beyond just counting individuals. Traditional methods of studying microbes often rely on culturing techniques, which have significant limitations as they can only detect a small part of the microbial community. Advanced genetic (基因的) techniques, such as DNA sequencing and PCR, however, enable the detection and categorization of previously unculturable microbes. These methods enhance our ability to identify shifts in microbial communities, providing critical insights into soil health and functional dynamics. Soil microbes play both beneficial and harmful roles as contributors to soil environmental problems such as climate change and groundwater pollution. The physical chemical, and biological soil characteristics and their interactions with the resident community of soil microbes have a significant impact on the growth and activity of these microbes. As our understanding of these complex relationships develops, we should be able to develop soil management practices that are sustainable and can lead to preservation and improvement of soil quality. 8. What does the “living skin” of the earth mainly do? A. Sustain life on the earth. B. Control microbial population. C. Protect the surface of the earth. D. Monitor changes in the ecosystem. 9. What does the underlined word “copious” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Small. B. Active. C. Invisible. D. Plentiful. 10. Why are modern genetic techniques used in studying microbes? A. To identify diverse microbes. B. To simplify microbial counting. C. To help culture more microbes. D. To minimize microbial impact on soil. 11. What can help us to improve soil management practices? A. Removing harmful microbes. B. Distinguishing soil characteristics. C. Understanding soil-microbe interactions. D. Strengthening relationships among microbes. 【答案】8. A 9. D 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要揭示了土壤微生物生态系统的重要功能与研究进展。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Beneath the surface of the earth lies a lively, invisible ecosystem full of life, often referred to as the “living skin” of the earth. It is a hidden world where countless organisms (生物体) interact in complex ways, driving essential processes that enable life to survive. They are the unsung heroes of nutrient cycling, soil stability, and even climate balance. (在地球表面之下是一个充满生机的、看不见的、充满生命的生态系统，通常被称为地球的“活皮肤”。这是一个隐秘的世界，无数生物以复杂的方式相互作用，推动着生命得以生存的基本过程。它们是养分循环、土壤稳定甚至气候平衡的无名英雄)”可知，地球的“活皮肤”主要作用是维持地球上的生命。故选A。 【9题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段“Bacteria are the most plentiful microbes in soil, with a population of 1010 -1011 individuals and 6,000-50,000 species per gram of soil and a biomass of 40-500 grams per square metre. (细菌是土壤中最丰富的微生物，每克土壤中有10个10至10个11个体，6000 至 50000种，每平方米的生物量为40至500克)”可知，土壤中微生物数量众多，可推测划线词copious与选项D意思相近，意为“大量的，丰富的”。故选D。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Advanced genetic (基因的) techniques, such as DNA sequencing and PCR, however, enable the detection and categorization of previously unculturable microbes. These methods enhance our ability to identify shifts in microbial communities, providing critical insights into soil health and functional dynamics. (然而，先进的遗传技术，如DNA测序和PCR，可以检测和分类以前不可培养的微生物。这些方法增强了我们识别微生物群落变化的能力，为土壤健康和功能动态提供了重要的见解)”可知，使用现代基因技术研究微生物是为了识别多样的微生物。故选A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The physical chemical, and biological soil characteristics and their interactions with the resident community of soil microbes have a significant impact on the growth and activity of these microbes. As our understanding of these complex relationships develops, we should be able to develop soil management practices that are sustainable and can lead to preservation and improvement of soil quality. (土壤的物理、化学和生物特性及其与土壤微生物常驻群落的相互作用对土壤微生物的生长和活性有重要影响。随着我们对这些复杂关系的理解的发展，我们应该能够开发可持续的土壤管理实践，并能导致土壤质量的保护和改善)”可知，了解土壤与微生物的相互作用可以帮助我们改进土壤管理实践。故选C。 D The ability to detect a nearby presence without seeing or touching it may sound fantastical — but it’s a real ability that some creatures have. A family of African fish known as Mormyrids are weakly electric, and have special organs that can locate a nearby target, even when it’s hiding in the mud. Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modelled on the ability of these fish. “We developed a new strategy for 3D motion positioning by electronic skin, bio-inspired by ‘electric fish’”, says Dr. Xinge Yu, an associate professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the City University of Hong Kong. The team described their e-skin sensor in a paper published on November 14 in Nature. The artificial sensor is multi-layered. One layer acts as a transmitter (发射器), which will generate an electric field once activated, and another layer acts as a receiver to detect both the direction and the distance to an object. A separate controller creates the driving signal to activate the transmitter. When an object comes within range, the electric field around the sensor is disrupted (扰乱), which in turn can be detected by the receiver. This data is then processed by a micro controller unit, which computes the position of the target object and sends that information to a smartphone or other devices. A special biogel (生物凝胶) is used in the sensor, which has the ability to transmit and receive electric signals from a pattern of micro channels on the surface. The end result is a sensor that is thin, soft and flexible, making it cosy to adapt to irregular surfaces, such as the human body. In contrast to the traditional sensor system that needs a large number of sensors to achieve spatial positioning, the new system can locate an object precisely in 3D space using just a few sensors. This significantly reduces the power consumption of data collection, transmission, and processing. The researchers hope that this sensor could one day open up a new range of wearable technologies, including sensors for human-machine interaction and thin, flexible e-skin. 12. What does paragraph 1 aim to show? A. the special ability of African fish. B. the inspiration for a new invention. C. the big challenge of locating objects. D. the reason for developing a sensor. 13. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the sensor? A. Its development process. B. Its operating mechanism. C. Its main layers. D. Its environment impact. 14. What is an advantage of the new sensor system? A. Its sensitivity to different stimulations. B. Its adaptation to environmental changes. C. Its efficiency in achieving 3D positioning. D. Its speed in data collection and processing. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. Machine Detective “Wears” Flexible E-skin B. Bio-inspired Sensor “Feels” Without Touching C. E-Skin Sensor: The Future of Machine Learning D. Electric Fields: The Frontier of Object Detection 【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种受非洲弱电鱼启发而研发的新型电子皮肤传感器，详细描述了该传感器的工作原理、结构特点及其潜在应用价值。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modelled on the ability of these fish. (科学家们现在研发了一种基于这些鱼类能力的人工传感器系统。)”可知，第一段通过介绍非洲鱼的独特能力，引出了新型传感器的研发灵感，该段的目的是展示新发明的灵感来源。故选B项。 【13题详解】 主旨大意题。第三段详细描述了传感器的工作机制，包括发射器、接收器和控制器的功能，以及如何通过电场干扰检测目标物体的位置，这些是传感器的工作原理。故选B项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“In contrast to the traditional sensor system that needs a large number of sensors to achieve spatial positioning, the new system can locate an object precisely in 3D space using just a few sensors. (与需要大量传感器实现空间定位的传统传感器系统相比，新系统仅需少量传感器即可在三维空间中精确定位物体。)”可知，新系统的优势在于高效实现三维定位。故选C项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。文章第一段总起全文，根据第一段最后一句“Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modelled on the ability of these fish. (科学家们现在研发了一种基于这些鱼类能力的人工传感器系统。)”可知，接下来的文章要围绕受非洲鱼启发研发的新型电子人工传感器展开。第二段通过专家引述和权威期刊背书，证实研究成果的科学性和创新性。第三段具体说明传感器的结构原理和工作流程。第四段突出材料创新性和系统优势。第五段展望技术应用前景。文章标题应突出其生物启发，并以其非接触感知的突出特点为话题，概括全文，故B项“Bio-inspired Sensor “Feels” Without Touching(仿生传感器无需触摸就能“感觉”)”是最佳标题。故选B项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Poetry, with its rhythmic language and layered meanings, invites readers to explore emotions, ideas, and beauty beyond the literal. To fully engage with a poem, consider these methods to deepen your appreciation and understanding. Read aloud for rhythm and sound ____16____ Read the poem aloud slowly. Notice the rhythm, rhymes, or repeating sounds. For example, Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven uses a tense beat, while Langston Hughes’ Dreams has a gentle flow. Do they sound cheerful, sad, or urgent? The “music” of a poem often mirrors its mood. ____17____ Understanding a poem’s historical, cultural, or biographical context enriches interpretation. It will help you a lot to find out when the poem was written or what the poet’s life was like. But don’t stress — even a quick Google search can add meaning. Accept confusion Poems don’t always have one right explanation. ____18____ Maybe Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 is both a love poem and a joke about clichés (陈词滥调). Discuss with classmates — different views make poems more interesting! Let uncertainty spark curiosity. Connect the poem to your life Let your emotions guide your understanding. If a line reminds you of a personal experience, write down your thoughts or share them with a friend. ____19____ Poetry isn’t just about analysis — it’s about feeling and imagination. Appreciating poetry is both an art and a practice — requiring attention to form, context, and personal reflection. As Eliot wrote, poetry “communicates before it is understood”, inviting us to return, rethink, and rediscover its magic endlessly. ____20____ A. Poems are meant to be heard. B. Learn the background of the poem. C. Compare poems by different authors. D. Poetry is alive when it speaks to you. E. Practice memorizing your favorite lines. F. If a line feels puzzling, write down your guesses. G. Grab a poem, read it aloud, and let yourself enjoy the magic of it. 【答案】16. A 17. B 18. F 19. D 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何深入欣赏和理解诗歌的方法，包括大声朗读感受节奏和声音、了解诗歌的背景、接受诗歌的模糊性、将诗歌与个人生活联系起来等。 【16题详解】 根据下文“Read the poem aloud slowly. Notice the rhythm, rhymes, or repeating sounds. For example, Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven uses a tense beat, while Langston Hughes’ Dreams has a gentle flow. Do they sound cheerful, sad, or urgent? The “music” of a poem often mirrors its mood.(慢慢地大声朗读这首诗。留意它的韵律、韵脚或重复的声音。例如，埃德加・爱伦・坡的《乌鸦》采用了紧张的节拍，而兰斯顿・休斯的《梦想》则有着柔和的节奏。它们听起来是欢快的、悲伤的，还是急切的呢？一首诗的“音乐性”往往反映了它的情感基调。)”可知，下文内容围绕大声朗读诗歌展开。选项A“Poems are meant to be heard.(诗歌就是用来被聆听的。)”强调了诗歌需要被听到，与大声朗读相呼应，符合该段语境。故选A。 【17题详解】 空处为小标题。为本段主要内容。根据下文“Understanding a poem’s historical, cultural, or biographical context enriches interpretation. It will help you a lot to find out when the poem was written or what the poet’s life was like. But don’t stress — even a quick Google search can add meaning.(理解一首诗的历史、文化或作者生平背景可以丰富对它的解读。弄清楚这首诗创作于何时，或者诗人的生活是怎样的，这会对你有很大帮助。但也不必过于紧张——即使只是快速地在谷歌上搜索一下也能增添对诗歌的理解。)”可知，本段主要讲的是了解诗歌的背景知识。选项B“Learn the background of the poem.(了解诗歌的背景)”符合该段主旨，与本段内容相符。故选B。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Poems don’t always have one right explanation.(诗歌并不总是只有一个正确的解释。)”以及下文“Maybe Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 is both a love poem and a joke about clichés (陈词滥调).(也许莎士比亚的《十四行诗第18首》既是一首爱情诗，也是对陈词滥调的一种调侃。)”可知，上下文都在说诗歌理解的不确定性。选项F“If a line feels puzzling, write down your guesses.(如果一行诗让你感到困惑，写下你的猜测。)”与接受困惑以及诗歌解释的不确定性相契合，符合上下文语境。故选F。 【19题详解】 根据上文“Let your emotions guide your understanding. If a line reminds you of a personal experience, write down your thoughts or share them with a friend.(让你的情感引导你的理解。如果一行诗让你想起一段个人经历，写下你的想法，或者和朋友分享一下。)”可知，上文强调了诗歌与个人的联系。选项D“Poetry is alive when it speaks to you.(当诗歌与你产生共鸣时，它就是有生命力的。)”进一步说明了诗歌与个人的关联，符合该段语境。故选D。 【20题详解】 根据上文“Appreciating poetry is both an art and a practice — requiring attention to form, context, and personal reflection. As Eliot wrote, poetry “communicates before it is understood”, inviting us to return, rethink, and rediscover its magic endlessly.(欣赏诗歌既是一门艺术，也是一种实践——需要关注诗歌的形式、创作背景以及个人的思考感悟。正如艾略特所写的那样，诗歌“在被理解之前就已经传达了信息”，它邀请我们不断回味、重新思考，并不断重新发现它的魅力。)”可知，上文总结了欣赏诗歌的要点以及诗歌的魅力。选项G“Grab a poem, read it aloud, and let yourself enjoy the magic of it.(拿起一首诗，大声朗读，让自己享受它的魔力。)”呼应了前文提到的欣赏诗歌的方式，同时鼓励读者去体验诗歌的魅力，符合文章结尾的语境。故选G。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Tragic optimism, which means finding meaning and maintaining hope despite unavoidable pain, loss and suffering, is a crucial life skill. There are three tragedies that everyone faces. The first tragedy is ____21____ pain, because we are made of flesh and bone. The second is guilt, because we have the freedom to make choices and thus feel responsible when things don’t go our way. The third is loss, because we must face the reality that everything we value is ____22____, including our own lives. Tragic optimism means acknowledging, accepting and even expecting that life will contain hardship and hurt, then doing everything we can to move forward with a ____23____ attitude anyway. It tells us that one cannot be happy by trying to be happy all the time. Worse yet, we cannot be happy when ____24____ we ought to be. Rather, tragic optimism holds space for the full range of human experience and emotion, giving us ____25____ to feel happiness and sadness, hope and fear, loss and possibility — sometimes in the same day, and even in the same hour. Tragic optimism does not encourage ____26____ seeking out or romanticizing misery. Not everything has to be meaningful; sometimes things are just ____27____. Instead, tragic optimism realizes the unavoidability of ____28____ but at the same time that we ourselves can determine how we face it. Difficult moments often lead to extreme behaviors: what’s now known as ____29____ positivity on the one hand — tricking ourselves that everything is great — or extreme negativity and desperation on the other hand. Though completely opposite, both _____30_____ us of doing anything about the situation. Extreme optimism and unrealistic belief, at root, _____31_____ that anything is wrong; and if nothing is wrong, there is nothing to worry about and nothing to change. Extreme negativity and desperation are so harsh that they are firmly convinced that any action would be _____32_____. But, actually, between these two poles exists a third way: _____33_____ wise hope and wise action. Wise hope and wise action ask us to _____34_____ a situation and see it clearly for what it is, and then gather the strength, courage and resolve to focus on what we can control. We remind ourselves that we have faced challenges before. We continue because to stand still is not a(n) _____35_____. 21. A. physical B. mental C. constant D. sudden 22. A. unbelievable B. irresistible C. impermanent D. unrealistic 23. A. critical B. positive C. negative D. sympathetic 24. A. complaining B. assuming C. warning D. rejecting 25. A. memory B. rewards C. motives D. permission 26. A. passively B. hesitantly C. actively D. initially 27. A. awful B. wonderful C. straightforward D. beneficial 28. A. suffering B. romance C. departure D. conflict 29. A. apparent B. stunning C. balanced D. blind 30. A. remind B. free C. accuse D. inform 31. A. confirm B. deny C. imply D. recognize 32. A. effective B. preventive C. pointless D. violent 33. A. applying for B. participating in C. reflecting on D. committing to 34. A. accept B. exploit C. create D. mask 35. A. trend B. option C. example D. negotiation 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了悲剧性乐观主义的概念、面临的三大悲剧、意义及与极端行为的区别。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第一大悲剧是身体上的痛苦，因为我们是血肉之躯。A. physical身体的；B. mental精神的；C. constant持续的；D. sudden突然的。根据下文的“because we are made of flesh and bone”可知，因为我们是血肉之躯，所以会有身体上的痛苦。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第三大悲剧是失去，因为我们必须面对这样一个现实：我们所珍视的一切都是短暂的，包括我们自己的生命。A. unbelievable难以置信的；B. irresistible无法抗拒的；C. impermanent短暂的；D. unrealistic不现实的。根据上文“The third is loss”以及后文“including our own lives”可知，第三种悲剧是失去，因为一切，包括我们的生命都是无常的，最终都会失去。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：悲剧性乐观主义意味着承认、接受甚至期待生活中会有艰辛和伤害，然后尽我们所能以积极的态度前进。A. critical批判的；B. positive积极的；C. negative消极的；D. sympathetic同情的。根据上文的“Tragic optimism, which means finding meaning and maintaining hope despite unavoidable pain, loss and suffering, is a crucial life skill.”和“move forward”可知，悲剧性乐观主义接纳困难和伤害，然后用积极的态度继续前进。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，当我们自认为应该快乐时，我们却无法快乐。A. complaining抱怨；B. assuming认为；C. warning警告；D. rejecting拒绝。根据上文“It tells us that one cannot be happy by trying to be happy all the time.”以及后文“we ought to be”可知，没有人可以一直快乐，更糟的是，认为人就是应该快乐，强迫自己无时无刻都在快乐着，assume强调主观认为，符合语境。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，悲剧性乐观主义为人类的全部经验和情感留出了空间，允许我们感受快乐和悲伤、希望和恐惧、失去和可能性——有时在同一天，甚至在同一个小时。A. memory记忆；B. rewards奖励；C. motives动机；D. permission允许。根据上文的“Rather, tragic optimism holds space for the full range of human experience and emotion”可知，悲观乐观主义接纳所有情感，即悲观乐观主义允许我们感受快乐和悲伤，希望和恐惧，失去和可能性。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：悲剧性乐观主义并不鼓励主动寻找或美化痛苦。A. passively被动地；B. hesitantly犹豫地；C. actively主动地；D. initially最初。根据下文的“seeking out or romanticizing misery.”以及“Not everything has to be meaningful;”可知，悲剧性乐观主义认为并非所有内容都必须有意义，说明这种主义不鼓励积极地寻找痛苦或将痛苦浪漫化。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不是所有事情都必须有意义；有时候事情就是很糟糕。A. awful糟糕的；B. wonderful美好的；C. straightforward简单的；D. beneficial有益的。根据上文的“Not everything has to be meaningful”可知，有时候事情就是很糟糕。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，悲剧性乐观主义意识到苦难的不可避免，但同时我们自己可以决定如何面对它。A. suffering苦难；B. romance浪漫；C. departure离开；D. conflict冲突。根据上文的“Tragic optimism, which means finding meaning and maintaining hope despite unavoidable pain, loss and suffering”可知，意识到苦难的不可避免。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：困难时刻往往会导致极端行为：一方面是现在被称为盲目的积极——欺骗自己一切都很好。A. apparent明显的；B. stunning极好的；C. balanced平衡的；D. blind盲目的。根据下文的“tricking ourselves that everything is great”可知，欺骗自己一切都很好，是一种盲目乐观的表现。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然完全相反，但两者都让我们无需对这种情况采取任何行动。A. remind提醒；B. free使自由；C. accuse指责；D. inform通知。根据上文的“Difficult moments often lead to extreme behaviors: what’s now known as ____9____positivity on the one hand — tricking ourselves that everything is great — or extreme negativity and desperation on the other hand.”可知，困难时刻往往会导致极端的行为，盲目乐观和极端的消极和绝望，这两种极端行为都让我们无需采取行动，free sb. of表示“使某人免于”。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从根本上说，极端乐观和不切实际的信念否认有任何问题。A. confirm确认；B. deny否认；C. imply暗示；D. recognize认出。根据下文的“ and if nothing is wrong, there is nothing to worry about and nothing to change.”可知，极端乐观和不切实际的信念“否认”有任何问题。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：极端的消极和绝望是如此残酷，以至于他们坚信任何行动都是毫无意义的。A. effective有效的；B. preventive预防性的；C. pointless无意义的；D. violent暴力的。根据上文“if nothing is wrong, there is nothing to worry about and nothing to change.”可知，极端乐观主义和不切实际的信念否认有问题；如果没有什么问题，那就没什么好担心的，也没什么要改变的，那么对于这两种人来说任何行动都是毫无意义的。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但事实上，在这两个极端之间存在着第三条道路：致力于明智希望和明智的行动。A. applying for申请；B. participating in参加；C. reflecting on反思；D. committing to致力于。根据下文的“wise hope and wise action”以及“Wise hope and wise action ask us to ____14____ a situation and see it clearly for what it is, and then gather the strength, courage and resolve to focus on what we can control.”可知，此处主要阐释了第三条路，即坚持坚持明智的希望和明智的行动。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：明智的希望和明智的行动要求我们接受现实，清楚地看待它，然后聚集力量、勇气和决心，专注于我们能控制的事情。A. accept接受；B. exploit利用；C. create创造；D. mask掩饰。根据下文的“see it clearly for what it is”可知，先接受一种情况，才能清楚地看到本质。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们继续前进，因为停滞不前不是一种选择。A. trend趋势；B. option选择；C. example例子；D. negotiation谈判。根据上文“We continue because to stand still”可知，面对挑战要继续前进，因为没有别的选择。故选B项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The most popular genres in libraries are fiction, sci-fi, and fantasy. However, what these books often provide is merely momentary pleasure, Isn’t ____36____ purpose of reading to gain perspective? Nonfiction, however, can be appealing and beautifully ____37____ (write). Many underestimate nonfiction, ____38____ (wrong) believing that creativity means making up or exaggeration. This is completely incorrect. Creative doesn’t mean inventing what didn’t happen, ____39____ (report) and describing what wasn’t there. The basic rule is clear. The reality can be as complicated as fantasy. Fiction has to come from somewhere. You can’t make this stuff up!” When we begin to realize that there is just as much creativity that ____40____ (go) into writing nonfiction as there is in fiction, we can truly appreciate it. Take memoirs for instance. It takes skill ____41____ (concentrate) a life in a few hundred pages. Many authors hesitate to reveal their struggles and secrets, as their narratives may not satisfy the audience’s expectations. Yet today’s generation needs to learn from the past. The autobiography trend continues to flourish, ____42____ celebrities, politicians, and athletes sharing their stories. Both victims and ____43____ (hero) reveal their truths, engaging readers who often overlook their nonfiction classification. This literature of reality promotes ____44____ (meaning) connections across the globe. Truth is not dull; our history is not dull; our future is not dull. How can we expect to change the world if we ignore our origin ____45____ the lessons they offer? To face up reality, we must become well informed in all things real. 【答案】36. the 37. written 38. wrongly 39. reporting 40. goes 41. to concentrate 42. with 43. heroes 44. meaningful 45. and 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了非虚构类书籍的价值，强调其同样具有创造性和深度，能够提供与虚构作品不同的视角和真实体验。 【36题详解】 考查冠词。句意：然而，这些书所提供往往只是短暂的乐趣，难道阅读的目的是为了获得见解吗？根据空后purpose of reading可知，此处特指阅读的目的，所以空处需用定冠词the。故填the。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，非虚构作品也可以很有吸引力，而且文笔优美。空处需用非谓语动词，nonfiction与write之间为被动关系，空处需用过去分词written作表语。故填written。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：许多人低估了非虚构作品，错误地认为创造力意味着编造或夸张。空处修饰动词believing，需用副词wrongly“错误地”作状语。故填wrongly。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：有创造力并不意味着虚构未曾发生的事，也不意味着报道和描述不存在的事物。空处与inventing和describing为并列关系，均作mean的宾语，应用动名词reporting。故填reporting。 【40题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们开始意识到，写非虚构作品所投入的创造力和写虚构作品一样多时，我们才能真正欣赏它。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据空前there is可知，空处描述一个客观事实，所以空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，定语从句的先行词是creativity，不可数名词，所以空处谓语动词需用单数goes。故填goes。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：把一生浓缩在几百页里是需要技巧的。此处为固定句型It takes/took sth. to do sth.，意为“做某事花费……”，It为形式主语，空处需用动词不定式to concentrate作真正的主语。故填to concentrate。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：自传潮流继续蓬勃发展，名人、政客和运动员分享他们的故事。根据空后“celebrities, politicians, and athletes sharing their stories”可知，空处应用介词with，构成“with + 宾语 + 现在分词”的复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。故填with。 【43题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：受害者和英雄们都在揭露他们的真相，吸引着那些常常忽视非虚构作品类别的读者。根据空前“Both victims”可知，空处需用名词hero的复数heroes与victims并列作主语。故填heroes。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种现实文学促进了全球范围内有意义的联系。空处修饰名词connections，需用meaning的形容词meaningful“有意义的”作定语。故填meaningful。 【45题详解】 考查连词。句意：如果我们忽视了自己的起源以及它们所提供的教训，我们怎么能期望改变世界呢？空处前后“our origin”与“the lessons they offer”为并列关系，所以空处需用连词and连接。故填and。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你校学生会为响应国家号召启动了“体重管理年”活动，旨在提高全校师生健康水平。请你代表学生会给校英语报写一份倡议书，呼吁全校师生加入此活动。内容包括： (1)体重管理的重要性； (2)如何进行体重管理； (3)发出体重管理倡议。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, Our school has launched the “Year of Weight Management” activity. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Student Union 【答案】Dear fellow students, Our school has launched the “Year of Weight Management” activity. This activity aims to improve the health of all teachers and students. Managing weight is crucial as it helps prevent various diseases and boosts our overall well-being. To manage weight effectively, we should have a balanced diet, reducing junk food intake and increasing fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Also, regular exercise like jogging, swimming, or cycling is necessary. Let’s all join this meaningful activity. By managing our weight, we can embrace a healthier and more energetic life. Student Union 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的倡议书。要求考生代表学生会给校英语报写一份倡议书，呼吁全校师生加入国家倡导的“体重管理年”活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提高：improve → enhance 至关重要的：crucial → vital 各种各样的：various → a variety of 应该：should → be supposed to 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Our school has launched the “Year of Weight Management” activity. This activity aims to improve the health of all teachers and students. 拓展句：Our school has launched the “Year of Weight Management” activity, which aims to improve the health of all teachers and students. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Managing weight is crucial as it helps prevent various diseases and boosts our overall well - being.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句） 【高分句型2】To manage weight effectively, we should have a balanced diet, reducing junk food intake and increasing fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. （运用了现在分词作状语） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 At the age of 35, I resigned from my job to start my own business. I felt like I was on the right path, making plans and working tirelessly. Months passed, and I was always on the go, even when not officially working, my mind was still focused on my business. Time seemed insufficient, and I feared that any relaxation might lead to disappointment in others. However, the more I worked, the less progress I seemed to make. When exhaustion began to take over, I told myself I just needed to push harder and be more organized. But something was clearly wrong. I was exhausted and my body ached all over. My smart watch kept alerting me that my heart rate was too high. Despite my efforts to stay healthy — quitting drinking, changing my diet, and losing weight — my condition did not improve. Eventually, I sought medical help. The doctor asked about my stress levels. Although I didn’t think I was overly stressed, tests revealed that I had a condition called Graves’ disease, which can worsen due to stress. The next day I encountered an old friend, Emily. We hadn’t seen each other for a while, and Emily noticed my fatigue. “You look tired,” she said with concern. “I don’t know what you’ve been through, but you seem to be wearing yourself out.” “Things have been a bit crazy lately,” I admitted. “Maybe it’s time to take a break,” Emily suggested. As we said goodbye, she added, “It was good to see you. You’ve lost weight; make sure you take care of yourself.” She waved and left. Reflecting on my previous behavior, I realized I had been neglecting the simple joys of life — the small but significant moments that help me relax and recharge, such as spending time with family, participating in community activities to help those in need, socializing with friends, and visiting my favorite bookstore. A few days later, Emily called and asked, “There’s a charity event this weekend aimed at helping the left-behind children and elderly people who live alone in our community. Would you like to join me and lend a hand?” 注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I was hesitant at first but I decided to give it a try. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After that memorable day, I decided to make a change to my life. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 I was hesitant at first, but I decided to give it a try. Accompanied by Cindy, I spent the weekend working as a volunteer there. We organized games to interact with the left-behind children and the experience was heart-warming when I saw their initial shyness gradually transformed into smiles and laughter. We also helped clean the rooms of elderly people in a nursing house, chatted with them, and listened to their stories. The atmosphere was filled with laughter and love. For the first time in months, I forgot about work and gained a sense of authentic pleasure in life. After that memorable day, I decided to make a change to my life. I still work hard on my business, but I also reserve time for those simple pleasures. I sign up for volunteer activities, finding joy in the smiles of those less fortunate. I have heart-to-heart conversations with my family over delicious home-cooked meals and visit bookstores where I lose myself in the wisdom of written words. With this new routine, my health gradually improves and I rediscover the path to true well-being. I am ready to embrace a new chapter, one that includes both ambition and the joy of living. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者30岁时辞职创业，全身心投入工作，即便疲惫不堪仍觉得需更努力，结果事与愿违，身体出现各种问题。就医后得知患了因压力可能加重的格雷夫斯病。偶遇老友辛迪，她建议作者休息。作者反思，意识到自己忽略了生活中的简单乐趣。几天后，辛迪邀请作者参加社区帮助留守儿童和孤寡老人的慈善志愿活动，作者起初犹豫，后决定尝试。在活动中，作者感受到久违的快乐。此后，作者改变生活方式，工作之余也享受生活乐趣，健康状况改善，准备迎接既充满抱负又有生活乐趣的新篇章。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“一开始我很犹豫，但我决定试一试。”可知，第一段可描写作者和辛迪一起做志愿者的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“在那难忘的一天之后，我决定改变我的生活。”可知，第二段可描写作者改变自己的生活方式以及感悟。 2.续写线索：决定试一试——和辛迪一起做志愿者的经过——获得了生活乐趣——决定改变生活——为快乐预留时间——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①变成：transforme into/change into ②获得：gain/obtain ③拥抱：embrace/hug 情绪类 ①快乐：joy/delight ②抱负：ambition/aspiration 【点睛】[高分句型1] Accompanied by Cindy, I spent the weekend working as a volunteer there. (运用了非谓语动词中的过去分词作状语) [高分句型2] I have heart-to-heart conversations with my family over delicious home-cooked meals and visit bookstores where I lose myself in the wisdom of written words. (运用了where引导的定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$