专题02 祈使句和情态动词can、have to与must-2025年新八年级暑假衔接复习&预习精品讲义（重点语法知识精讲+重难点题型突破）

【暑假衔接】语法知识及重难点题型突破大闯关（人教版） 专题02 祈使句和情态动词can、have to与must （1） 祈使句 （2） 情态动词can、have to与must 情态动词 用法 例句 can ①表示能力，“能， 会” ②表示请求、允许或建议，“可以” ①I can ride a bike. ②Can I buy the bike， Mom？ can’t ①表示能力，“不能，不会” ②表示推测，“不可能”（可能性为0的绝对否定推测） ①I can’t ride a bike. ②It can’t be Dad. He has gone to Beijing. must ①表示主观意愿，“必须，一定要” ②表示非常有把握的肯定猜测（可能性为100％），“一定” ③否定式mustn’t，“一定不要，禁止” ④must引出的问句，肯定答语用must/have to，否定答语用needn’t/don’t have to，不能用mustn’t ①I must finish my homework before I can watch TV. ②Mom must have made lunch for us. ③You mustn’t talk to others in class. ④－Dad， must we wait until the light becomes green？ －Yes， I’m afraid we have to. That’s the traffic rule. have to “不得不”，多表示客观需要 I have to look after the little cat myself. 注意： must 和 have to must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要;have to 侧重于客观上的需要。 I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。 I have to wait until the rain stops.我不得不等到雨停。 基础提升 一、单词拼写 1．Don’t jump the queue, you wait for your turn. 2． (be) on time for school, please. 3．Can you give some (advice) on how to get along with others? 4．David’s desk is very . His mom asks him to put things in order. (tidy) 5．He feels (happy) when there is a storm on his birthday. 6．Can you (借给) me your pencil for a moment? 7．Don’t be late for class. Please (come) to school on time, Frank. 8．Don’t make any n because the baby is sleeping. 9．If you feel nervous, you can deeply before speaking in public. (breath) 10．People mustn’t (smoke) in public places. 二、单项选择 11．Tom, ________ run in the hallways. A．not B．don’t C．doesn’t 12．Let’s ________ the forests and not buy things made of ivory. A．save B．saves C．saving 13．No ________in that lake. A．swim B．swims C．swimming 14．“Don’t ________ on the computer. It’s time for class,” says my teacher. A．play B．playing C．plays D．played 15．—Daniel, _______ football in the street. It’s too dangerous. —OK, Mum. I won’t do that again. A．not play B．can’t play C．don’t play D．doesn’t play 16．________ to put fun into your life, like listening to music while _____ housework . A．Trying, doing B．Try, doing C．To try, to do D．Try, do 17．—________ silent, please! You are in the library. —I’m sorry, madam. A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．Kept 18．Let’s ________ shopping this weekend. A．go B．goes C．going 19．Eat more healthy food and do sports often, ________ you may get fat. A．if B．but C．or D．so 20．Put the milk in the fridge, ________ it will go bad easily. A．or B．so C．but 21．Mum always says, “______ at the world and it will smile back.” A．To smile B．Smiles C．Smiling D．Smile 22．—Peter, ________ you play basketball? —Yes, I can. It’s easy for me. A．must B．can C．should D．need 23．—Could I take the picture book home, Mrs Rice? —No, you ________. You ________ only read it here. A．couldn’t; can B．couldn’t; may C．can’t; can D．mustn’t; could 24．Large trucks ________ stop when turning right according to traffic rules. A．may B．can C．must D．need 25．— ________ I come back before five o’clock? — No, you ________. But you ________ be back later than seven o’clock. A．Must; needn’t; needn’t B．May; mustn’t; can’t C．Can; can’t; can’t D．Must; needn’t; can’t 26．—Can we bring our phones to class? —No, we can’t. We ___________ keep them in our lockers. A．can B．must C．can’t D．mustn’t 27．—Must I open the door now? —________ A．Yes, you need. B．No, you mustn’t. C．Yes, you must. 28．We ________ wear the school uniform on school days. It’s one of the school rules. A．have to B．can’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 29．It’s going to rain this afternoon so you ________ wash the car now. A．haven’t B．aren’t having C．don’t have D．don’t have to 30．Tom can’t hang out with his friends because he ________ do his homework. A．may B．has to C．can D．need 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Ms White is a teacher. She always teaches in a special way. Today, she asks her students, “What do you 31 the rules in your life?” “We hate them,” they all answer. Soon they are afraid that Ms. White will be unhappy. But to their surprise, she just looks at them 32 , saying nothing. After a while, Ms. White says, “I know how you feel. Let me play a 33 with you.” She divides (划分) the class into two 34 and asks them to play chess with her. When it comes to her turn, she doesn’t 35 the rules and wins (赢) the game easily. “Hey, you 36 do that,” the kids shout. “Why not?” Ms. White asks. “Because it breaks the rules,” say the kids. “What does it matter?” Ms. White asks. “It isn’t fair (公平的),” they answer. “It’s not 37 for you to break the rules.” Then Ms. White asks them to 38 a game without any rules. They think for a long time. However, they still can’t make one. “Ms. White, we can’t do it. It’s 39 to play without rules.” Ms. White then begins to ask them why there are rules at school, on the football field, on the roads, or at home. Her students think of many 40 . They say, “Things work better when we have rules. If we don’t have rules on a road, how can we be able to cross the road safely? In fact, rules are good for us. Rules help people get along better together.” 31．A．talk to B．look after C．help with D．think of 32．A．luckily B．quietly C．happily D．sadly 33．A．sport B．game C．card D．culture 34．A．units B．teams C．groups D．classes 35．A．explain B．refuse C．follow D．break 36．A．can B．can’t C．needn’t D．must 37．A．easy B．noisy C．polite D．late 38．A．make B．lose C．spend D．watch 39．A．boring B．difficult C．important D．interesting 40．A．interests B．hobbies C．prices D．reasons 四、补全对话 根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。 A: Andy, remember to turn off your mobile phone before the concert (音乐会) starts. B: 41 ? A: Because we should keep quiet during the concert. B: OK. 42 ? A: No, we can’t take any food or drinks to the theatre. B: I see. Can we take photos? A: 43 . Taking photos isn’t allowed (允许) at most concerts. B: 44 ? A: And we should arrive early and queue outside the theatre. We shouldn’t make any noise or drop litter there. B: 45 . I’ll follow the rules. 难点强化 五、语法选择 Every school has rules for students to follow, 46 some students may see the rules as a way which teachers control (控制) them. Sometimes, they’re unhappy and even feel 47 . Well, if you think your life is hard, you might think about the students in ancient times. For some of them, life was really hard. In the old days, people believed that teachers had to be very 48 . Parents didn’t mind if teachers punished (惩罚) their children when their children didn’t do what they were 49 to do. Often, the stricter a teacher was, the more parents thought he or she was a good teacher. In fact, following school rules can be very important. For example, running in the hallways could cause (导致) a student 50 . It may hurt himself or another person. Following the rules can also help the students in the classroom to learn 51 difficulty. In class, a teacher may ask students to raise their hands before 52 . If someone speaks out of turn, other students might not be able to hear the teacher 53 . School rules can help student prepare for their own futures as well. When they 54 and go out on their own, they’ll soon find that they still need to follow rules. Rules make the world much better. If there are no rules, life 55 meaningless and out of order. 46．A．because B．so C．although D．but 47．A．lucky B．luckily C．angry D．angrily 48．A．kind B．clever C．strict D．careful 49．A．told B．said C．talked D．warned 50．A．focus on B．fall down C．cut down D．move on 51．A．about B．without C．for D．in 52．A．speak B．to speak C．spoke D．speaking 53．A．clear B．clearly C．polite D．politely 54．A．hurry up B．look up C．grow up D．dress up 55．A．is B．was C．will be D．will 六、阅读理解 B)请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中， 使短文意思通顺、结构完整。一空一句。 Family rules are really important. They tell us what we should do and help our family be happy. 56 Let’s find out. Make the rules. The rules should be right for our age. 57 And the rules can change as we grow up. Don’t make rules that are too fuzzy (模糊的). Like if you just say “be good”, it’s not clear. What does “be good” mean? It can mean so many things! Explain (解释) the rules. 58 What’s more, children need to remember the rules. Parents can also make some simple pictures or notices to put everywhere at home. 59 All family members must follow the family rules. Young children learn from their parents, just like that people often say that parents are the first teachers of their children. For example, if parents listen to others patiently (有耐心地), their children will follow them. Finally, we have to know what will happen if we don’t follow the rules. 60 This way, we will know we should always try to follow the rules. A．Follow the rules. B．But how can we make good family rules? C．Family members should not think about it. D．Make sure children know and understand the rules. E．For example, if we are little kids. we can’t have very hard rules. F．We can’t be late for school, so we must arrive at school on time. G．If we break the rules, we should get a punishment (惩罚) right away. 七、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据其内容填空和回答问题。（1至4题每题答案不超过3个单词，5题须用完整句子回答。） Do you feel unhappy when people play music or videos (视频) on the subway? It’s not a problem in Shanghai now. There are some new rules for the Shanghai Subway now! The first new rule is “no using loudspeakers (扬声器)”. People must follow it when taking the subway. They have to use their earphones (耳机) when they listen to music or watch movies on their phones. Some people don’t follow the new rule so subway workers may stop them or take them to the police. There are also some other rules, like people can’t bring bikes into the subway stations; people can’t eat or drink on the subway. People can see the rules near the subway stations and on the subways. Many people welcome the new rules, and they think the rules are helpful. They also want the same rules for the bus and train. 61．The underlined word “it” refers to “the rule—— ”. 62．If people want to watch movies on the subway, they must . 63．Subway workers may take you to if you don’t follow the new rule. 64．The new rules for the Shanghai Subway are . 65．Are there any rules for the bus or subway in your city? What are they? (请列举至少两条) 八、短文填空 I have a happy family. But my family has many 66 (rule) that I have to follow. The most important rule, I think, is that I have to study 67 (hard) at school. My parents always ask me 68 (study) every day even on weekends. Another rule is that I can’t eat any 69 (snack) in my bedroom. And I can’t use my mobile phone 70 school nights. Rules! Rules! Rules! There are too many rules for 71 (I). I think many students like to have their rooms as “the place for 72 (them)”. For example, my friend Bob tries to keep his room the way he likes—a little bit untidy. And he also has posters of his favourite sports star on the wall. My sister is 73 11-year-old student. She thinks rules are good for her. She never 74 (leave) her things around the house. She also makes breakfast for me after getting up. She thinks it 75 (help) build family spirit. Anyway, everyone has different ideas about rules. 九、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 one   grade   and   bring   they   call   also   class   clean   quiet Our class has lots of important rules. These rules help us form a good learning environment, and everyone should follow 76 . 77 , arriving on time is a must. We can’t be late for 78 . It’s not polite to come in when the teacher is teaching in class. If we get up late or meet traffic problems, we need to 79 the teacher and ask for leave. Second, in class, we should listen to the teacher 80 . No talking or playing around. We should put up our hands if we want to answer questions. And we must finish our homework on time. Good 81 come from hard work. Third, keeping the classroom 82 is important. We take turns to clean it every day. No throwing waste everywhere. We should 83 respect each other. We should never fight or say bad words to classmates. We are like a big family, 84 we should help each other. Breaking rules makes the teacher angry and also 85 problems to our class. Following rules makes our class better. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【暑假衔接】语法知识及重难点题型突破大闯关（人教版） 专题02 祈使句和情态动词can、have to与must （1） 祈使句 （2） 情态动词can、have to与must 情态动词 用法 例句 can ①表示能力，“能， 会” ②表示请求、允许或建议，“可以” ①I can ride a bike. ②Can I buy the bike， Mom？ can’t ①表示能力，“不能，不会” ②表示推测，“不可能”（可能性为0的绝对否定推测） ①I can’t ride a bike. ②It can’t be Dad. He has gone to Beijing. must ①表示主观意愿，“必须，一定要” ②表示非常有把握的肯定猜测（可能性为100％），“一定” ③否定式mustn’t，“一定不要，禁止” ④must引出的问句，肯定答语用must/have to，否定答语用needn’t/don’t have to，不能用mustn’t ①I must finish my homework before I can watch TV. ②Mom must have made lunch for us. ③You mustn’t talk to others in class. ④－Dad， must we wait until the light becomes green？ －Yes， I’m afraid we have to. That’s the traffic rule. have to “不得不”，多表示客观需要 I have to look after the little cat myself. 注意： must 和 have to must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要;have to 侧重于客观上的需要。 I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。 I have to wait until the rain stops.我不得不等到雨停。 基础提升 一、单词拼写 1．Don’t jump the queue, you wait for your turn. 2． (be) on time for school, please. 3．Can you give some (advice) on how to get along with others? 4．David’s desk is very . His mom asks him to put things in order. (tidy) 5．He feels (happy) when there is a storm on his birthday. 6．Can you (借给) me your pencil for a moment? 7．Don’t be late for class. Please (come) to school on time, Frank. 8．Don’t make any n because the baby is sleeping. 9．If you feel nervous, you can deeply before speaking in public. (breath) 10．People mustn’t (smoke) in public places. 二、单项选择 11．Tom, ________ run in the hallways. A．not B．don’t C．doesn’t 12．Let’s ________ the forests and not buy things made of ivory. A．save B．saves C．saving 13．No ________in that lake. A．swim B．swims C．swimming 14．“Don’t ________ on the computer. It’s time for class,” says my teacher. A．play B．playing C．plays D．played 15．—Daniel, _______ football in the street. It’s too dangerous. —OK, Mum. I won’t do that again. A．not play B．can’t play C．don’t play D．doesn’t play 16．________ to put fun into your life, like listening to music while _____ housework . A．Trying, doing B．Try, doing C．To try, to do D．Try, do 17．—________ silent, please! You are in the library. —I’m sorry, madam. A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．Kept 18．Let’s ________ shopping this weekend. A．go B．goes C．going 19．Eat more healthy food and do sports often, ________ you may get fat. A．if B．but C．or D．so 20．Put the milk in the fridge, ________ it will go bad easily. A．or B．so C．but 21．Mum always says, “______ at the world and it will smile back.” A．To smile B．Smiles C．Smiling D．Smile 22．—Peter, ________ you play basketball? —Yes, I can. It’s easy for me. A．must B．can C．should D．need 23．—Could I take the picture book home, Mrs Rice? —No, you ________. You ________ only read it here. A．couldn’t; can B．couldn’t; may C．can’t; can D．mustn’t; could 24．Large trucks ________ stop when turning right according to traffic rules. A．may B．can C．must D．need 25．— ________ I come back before five o’clock? — No, you ________. But you ________ be back later than seven o’clock. A．Must; needn’t; needn’t B．May; mustn’t; can’t C．Can; can’t; can’t D．Must; needn’t; can’t 26．—Can we bring our phones to class? —No, we can’t. We ___________ keep them in our lockers. A．can B．must C．can’t D．mustn’t 27．—Must I open the door now? —________ A．Yes, you need. B．No, you mustn’t. C．Yes, you must. 28．We ________ wear the school uniform on school days. It’s one of the school rules. A．have to B．can’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 29．It’s going to rain this afternoon so you ________ wash the car now. A．haven’t B．aren’t having C．don’t have D．don’t have to 30．Tom can’t hang out with his friends because he ________ do his homework. A．may B．has to C．can D．need 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Ms White is a teacher. She always teaches in a special way. Today, she asks her students, “What do you 31 the rules in your life?” “We hate them,” they all answer. Soon they are afraid that Ms. White will be unhappy. But to their surprise, she just looks at them 32 , saying nothing. After a while, Ms. White says, “I know how you feel. Let me play a 33 with you.” She divides (划分) the class into two 34 and asks them to play chess with her. When it comes to her turn, she doesn’t 35 the rules and wins (赢) the game easily. “Hey, you 36 do that,” the kids shout. “Why not?” Ms. White asks. “Because it breaks the rules,” say the kids. “What does it matter?” Ms. White asks. “It isn’t fair (公平的),” they answer. “It’s not 37 for you to break the rules.” Then Ms. White asks them to 38 a game without any rules. They think for a long time. However, they still can’t make one. “Ms. White, we can’t do it. It’s 39 to play without rules.” Ms. White then begins to ask them why there are rules at school, on the football field, on the roads, or at home. Her students think of many 40 . They say, “Things work better when we have rules. If we don’t have rules on a road, how can we be able to cross the road safely? In fact, rules are good for us. Rules help people get along better together.” 31．A．talk to B．look after C．help with D．think of 32．A．luckily B．quietly C．happily D．sadly 33．A．sport B．game C．card D．culture 34．A．units B．teams C．groups D．classes 35．A．explain B．refuse C．follow D．break 36．A．can B．can’t C．needn’t D．must 37．A．easy B．noisy C．polite D．late 38．A．make B．lose C．spend D．watch 39．A．boring B．difficult C．important D．interesting 40．A．interests B．hobbies C．prices D．reasons 四、补全对话 根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。 A: Andy, remember to turn off your mobile phone before the concert (音乐会) starts. B: 41 ? A: Because we should keep quiet during the concert. B: OK. 42 ? A: No, we can’t take any food or drinks to the theatre. B: I see. Can we take photos? A: 43 . Taking photos isn’t allowed (允许) at most concerts. B: 44 ? A: And we should arrive early and queue outside the theatre. We shouldn’t make any noise or drop litter there. B: 45 . I’ll follow the rules. 参考答案 1．must/should 【详解】句意：不要插队，你必须/应该排队等候。根据“Don’t jump the queue”可知，这里是在告诫某人不要插队，接下来应该是说明正确的做法，即等待轮到自己。“must”和“should”都可以用来表示建议或义务，“must”语气较强，表示“必须”；“should”语气稍弱，表示“应该”。在这个句子中，两者都可以使用，表达的是一种建议或规定，即不要插队，必须/应该等待轮到自己。故填must/should。 2．Be 【详解】句意：请准时上学。祈使句用于表达请求、命令或建议，通常以动词原形开头，因此填动词原形be。故填Be。 3．advice 【详解】句意：你能给出一些关于如何与他人相处的建议吗？advice“建议”，为不可数名词，用原形。故填advice。 4．untidy 【详解】句意：David的书桌非常不整洁。他的妈妈让他整理好东西。根据“His mom asks him to put things in order.”可知妈妈让他整理，因此书桌非常不整洁，此处应使用反义词形式，表示untidy“不整洁的”。故填untidy。 5．unhappy 【详解】句意：在他生日那天有暴风雨时，他感到不高兴。由“when there is a storm on his birthday”可知，生日的时候下雨应感到不高兴，happy的反义词unhappy“不高兴的”符合语境。故填unhappy。 6．lend 【详解】句意：你能把铅笔借我用一下吗？根据汉语提示可知，此处应填动词lend，lend sb sth“借给某人某物”，此处是can开头的一般疑问句，用动词原形lend。故填lend。 7．come 【详解】句意：上课别迟到。弗兰克，请按时来学校 。根据“Please...”可知，这是祈使句，祈使句中谓语动词用原形。故填come。 8．(n)oise 【详解】句意：不要发出任何噪音，因为宝宝在睡觉。根据“the baby is sleeping”和首字母n可知，为了不吵醒宝宝，应该避免发出噪音，noise“噪音”符合语境，其为不可数名词。故填(n)oise。 9．breathe 【详解】句意：如果你感到紧张，你可以在公共场合发言前深深地吸一口气。根据“If you feel nervous, you can…deeply before speaking in public.”及提示词可知，情态动词can后接动词原形，breath“呼吸”，名词，动词为breathe。故填breathe。 10．smoke 【详解】句意：人们不得在公共场所吸烟。情态动词mustn’t后加动词原形smoke“吸烟”。故填smoke。 11．B 【详解】句意：汤姆，不要在走廊里跑。 考查否定祈使句。根据“…run in the hallways”可知，此处表示“不要在走廊里跑”，这是祈使句的否定形式，用“don’t+动词原形”。故选B。 12．A 【详解】句意：让我们拯救森林，并且不买象牙制品。 考查祈使句。“Let’s+动词原形”表示“让我们做某事”，空处使用动词原形，故选A。 13．C 【详解】句意：禁止在那个湖里游泳。 考查祈使句的否定结构。祈使句的否定形式：No + 动名词；Don’t + 动词原形；No + 名词。swim是动词，所以此处用“No + 动名词”结构。故选C。 14．A 【详解】句意：“不要玩电脑。该上课了，”我的老师说。 考查祈使句。play动词原形；playing现在分词；plays动词三单形式；played动词过去式。根据“Don’t”可知，此处是否定祈使句，用动词原形play。故选A。 15．C 【详解】句意：——丹尼尔，不要在街上踢足球。太危险了。——好的，妈妈。我不会再那样做了。 考查祈使句的否定。根据“Daniel, ... football in the street.”可知，此句为祈使句的否定形式，结构为：don’t+动词原形。故选C。 16．B 【详解】句意：试着在你的生活中加入乐趣，比如在做家务时听音乐。 考查祈使句和非谓语动词。try尝试；do做。分析句子可知第一空表示建议或命令，属于祈使句，应使用动词原形“try”，Try to do是固定搭配，表示“尝试做”；第二空while后接动名词“doing”，表示“当……时”。while doing是省略结构，相当于while you are doing。故选B。 17．A 【详解】句意：——请保持安静！你们在图书馆。——对不起，女士。 考查祈使句的用法。Keep动词原形；To keep动词不定式；Keeping动名词；Kept过去式/过去分词。此处是直接提出要求的祈使句，需用动词原形开头。故选A。 18．A 【详解】句意：我们这个周末去购物吧。 考查动词形式辨析。go动词原形；goes动词第三人称单数形式；going动词现在分词/动名词形式。根据“Let’s…shopping this weekend.”可知，这里考查Let’s do sth表示“让我们做某事”，let’s后需接动词原形，go符合语境。故选A。 19．C 【详解】句意：多吃健康食品并经常运动，否则你可能会发胖。 考查连词辨析。if如果；but但是；or否则；so所以。根据“Eat more…do sports often, …you may get fat”可知，前后为“建议→否则结果”的转折关系，需用“or”连接表示“否则”。故选C。 20．A 【详解】句意：把牛奶放进冰箱，否则它很容易变质。 考查连词辨析。or否则；so因此；but但是。根据“Put the milk in the fridge”以及“it will go bad easily”可知，此处表达的是如果不把牛奶放进冰箱，牛奶就会变质，应用or表示“否则”，连接两个句子，表达一种条件与结果的关系，即如果不满足前面的条件（把牛奶放进冰箱），就会产生后面的结果（牛奶容易变质）。故选A。 21．D 【详解】句意：妈妈总是说：“对世界微笑，世界也会回以微笑。” 考查祈使句。本句是“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”结构，祈使句要用动词原形开头，表示一种命令、请求或建议，所以要用动词原形Smile。故选D。 22．B 【详解】句意：——Peter，你会打篮球吗？——是的，我会。这对我来说很容易。 考查动词辨析。must必须；can能够；should应该；need需要。根据“Yes, I can.”可知，问句应是询问对方是否具备打篮球的能力，询问能力可用情态动词can。故选B。 23．C 【详解】句意：——我可以把这本图画书带回家吗，Rice太太？——不，你不能。你只能在这里读。 考查情态动词辨析。couldn’t不能，过去式；can’t不能，原形；mustn’t禁止；can能，原形；may可以，原形；could能，过去式。根据“Could I take the picture book home, Mrs Rice?”可知，此句中could表示委婉语气，不是过去式，所以否定回答用can’t；第二空表示“只能在这里读”，用can表示“能，可以”。故选C。 24．C 【详解】句意：根据交通规则，大型卡车右转时必须停车。 考查情态动词辨析。may可能，可以，表许可或推测；can能够，可以，表能力或许可；must必须，表义务或规定；need需要，表主观需求。根据“traffic rules”可知，此处强调法律规定的强制性义务，应用must。故选C。 25．D 【详解】句意：——我必须在五点之前回来吗？——不，你不必。但是你不能晚于七点回来。 考查情态动词用法。Must必须；needn’t不必；May也许；mustn’t禁止；can’t不可以、不能。根据情境，第一空表示必须五点前回来吗，用Must提问比较合适，否定回答用needn’t，表示“不必”。第三空表达不可以晚于七点回来，用can’t。故选D。 26．B 【详解】句意：——我们能把手机带到课堂上吗？——不，不能。我们必须把它们放在储物柜里。    考查情态动词辨析。can能、可以，表示能力或允许；must必须；can’t不能；mustn’t禁止、不允许。根据“we can’t”以及“keep them in our lockers”可知，我们必须把它们放在储物柜里。must符合句意。故选B。 27．C 【详解】句意：——我现在必须开门吗？——是的，你必须开。 考查情态动词must的用法。在回答must开头的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+must”，表示“是的，必须”；否定回答用“No, 主语+needn’t”或“No, 主语+don’t/doesn’t have to”，表示“不，不需要”。A选项“Yes, you need”表述错误，need不能直接用于回答must的疑问句；B选项“No, you mustn’t”中mustn’t意思是“禁止”，不符合此处语境；C选项“Yes, you must”符合must疑问句的肯定回答规则。故选C。 28．A 【详解】句意：我们在上学日必须穿校服。这是校规之一。 考查情态动词。have to不得不；can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该。根据下文“It’s one of the school rules.”可知，此处是指穿校服是校规之一，是学生应尽的客观义务，应用“have to”。故选A。 29．D 【详解】句意：今天下午要下雨了，所以你不必现在洗车。 考查动词辨析及时态。have有；have to不得不。根据“It’s going to rain this afternoon so you...wash the car now.”可知，快要下雨了，所以你不必现在洗车，don’t have to“不必”符合句意。故选D。 30．B 【详解】句意：Tom不能和朋友出去玩，因为他必须做作业。 考查情态动词。may可能；has to不得不；can能够；need需要。根据“Tom can’t hang out with his friends”可知，是他必须要做作业。故选B。 31．D 32．B 33．B 34．C 35．C 36．B 37．C 38．A 39．B 40．D 【导语】本文讲述了一位老师教导学生规则的重要性。 31．句意：你觉得你生活中的规则怎么样？ talk to和……交谈；look after照顾；help with帮助；think of认为。根据“We hate them”可知，询问学生认为规则怎么样。故选D。 32．句意：但令他们惊讶的是，她只是静静地看着他们，什么也没说。 luckily幸运地；quietly安静地；happily快乐地；sadly伤心地。根据“saying nothing”可知，她只是静静地看着他们。故选B。 33．句意：让我和你玩个游戏。 sport运动；game游戏；card卡片；culture文化。根据“She divides (划分) the class into two … and asks them to play chess with her.”可知，是一起玩个游戏。故选B。 34．句意：她把全班分成两组，让他们和她下棋。 units单元；teams队；groups组；classes班级。根据“She divides (划分) the class into”可知，是把全班分成两组做游戏。故选C。 35．句意：轮到她时，她不遵守规则，很容易就赢了比赛。 explain解释；refuse拒绝；follow跟随，遵守；break打破。根据“Because it breaks the rules”可知，她没有遵守规则。故选C。 36．句意：“嘿，你不能这么做，”孩子们喊道。 can能；can’t不能 ；needn’t不需要；must必须。根据“Why not?”“Because it breaks the rules”可知，学生说她不能不遵守规则。故选B。 37．句意：你违反规则是不礼貌的。 easy容易的；noisy嘈杂的；polite礼貌的；late迟的。根据“for you to break the rules”可知，违反规则是不礼貌的。故选C。 38．句意：然后，怀特老师让他们做一个没有任何规则的游戏。 make做；lose失去；spend花费；watch观看。根据“However, they still can’t make one.”可知，是让他们做一个没有任何规则的游戏。故选A。 39．句意：没有规则玩游戏是困难的。 boring无聊的；difficult困难地；important重要的；interesting有趣的。根据“we can’t do it.”可知，没有规则玩游戏是困难的。故选B。 40．句意：她的学生们想了很多原因。 interests兴趣；hobbies爱好；prices价格；reasons原因。根据“Ms. White then begins to ask them why there are rules at school, on the football field, on the roads, or at home.”可知，学生们想了很多原因。故选D。 41．Why/Why should I turn off my mobile phone 42．Can we take any food or drinks to the theatre 43．No/No, we can’t 44．Anything else/What else 45．OK/OK, I know all of them/I see 【导语】本文是一段关于音乐会注意事项的对话，主要讨论了在音乐会期间需要遵守的规则。 41．根据“Because we should keep quiet during the concert.”可知，因为我们在音乐会期间应该保持安静，故此处应询问原因，故填Why/Why should I turn off my mobile phone。 42．根据“No, we can’t take any food or drinks to the theatre.”可知，B在询问是否可以带食物或饮料，故填Can we take food or drinks to the theatre。 43．根据“Taking photos isn’t allowed (允许) at most concerts.”可知，A的回答是否定的，故填No/No, we can’t。 44．根据“And we should arrive early and queue outside the theatre.”可知，B在询问其他注意事项，故填Anything else/What else。 45．根据“I’ll follow the rules.”可知，B表示理解，故填OK/OK, I know all of them/I see。 难点强化 五、语法选择 Every school has rules for students to follow, 46 some students may see the rules as a way which teachers control (控制) them. Sometimes, they’re unhappy and even feel 47 . Well, if you think your life is hard, you might think about the students in ancient times. For some of them, life was really hard. In the old days, people believed that teachers had to be very 48 . Parents didn’t mind if teachers punished (惩罚) their children when their children didn’t do what they were 49 to do. Often, the stricter a teacher was, the more parents thought he or she was a good teacher. In fact, following school rules can be very important. For example, running in the hallways could cause (导致) a student 50 . It may hurt himself or another person. Following the rules can also help the students in the classroom to learn 51 difficulty. In class, a teacher may ask students to raise their hands before 52 . If someone speaks out of turn, other students might not be able to hear the teacher 53 . School rules can help student prepare for their own futures as well. When they 54 and go out on their own, they’ll soon find that they still need to follow rules. Rules make the world much better. If there are no rules, life 55 meaningless and out of order. 46．A．because B．so C．although D．but 47．A．lucky B．luckily C．angry D．angrily 48．A．kind B．clever C．strict D．careful 49．A．told B．said C．talked D．warned 50．A．focus on B．fall down C．cut down D．move on 51．A．about B．without C．for D．in 52．A．speak B．to speak C．spoke D．speaking 53．A．clear B．clearly C．polite D．politely 54．A．hurry up B．look up C．grow up D．dress up 55．A．is B．was C．will be D．will 六、阅读理解 B)请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中， 使短文意思通顺、结构完整。一空一句。 Family rules are really important. They tell us what we should do and help our family be happy. 56 Let’s find out. Make the rules. The rules should be right for our age. 57 And the rules can change as we grow up. Don’t make rules that are too fuzzy (模糊的). Like if you just say “be good”, it’s not clear. What does “be good” mean? It can mean so many things! Explain (解释) the rules. 58 What’s more, children need to remember the rules. Parents can also make some simple pictures or notices to put everywhere at home. 59 All family members must follow the family rules. Young children learn from their parents, just like that people often say that parents are the first teachers of their children. For example, if parents listen to others patiently (有耐心地), their children will follow them. Finally, we have to know what will happen if we don’t follow the rules. 60 This way, we will know we should always try to follow the rules. A．Follow the rules. B．But how can we make good family rules? C．Family members should not think about it. D．Make sure children know and understand the rules. E．For example, if we are little kids. we can’t have very hard rules. F．We can’t be late for school, so we must arrive at school on time. G．If we break the rules, we should get a punishment (惩罚) right away. 七、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据其内容填空和回答问题。（1至4题每题答案不超过3个单词，5题须用完整句子回答。） Do you feel unhappy when people play music or videos (视频) on the subway? It’s not a problem in Shanghai now. There are some new rules for the Shanghai Subway now! The first new rule is “no using loudspeakers (扬声器)”. People must follow it when taking the subway. They have to use their earphones (耳机) when they listen to music or watch movies on their phones. Some people don’t follow the new rule so subway workers may stop them or take them to the police. There are also some other rules, like people can’t bring bikes into the subway stations; people can’t eat or drink on the subway. People can see the rules near the subway stations and on the subways. Many people welcome the new rules, and they think the rules are helpful. They also want the same rules for the bus and train. 61．The underlined word “it” refers to “the rule—— ”. 62．If people want to watch movies on the subway, they must . 63．Subway workers may take you to if you don’t follow the new rule. 64．The new rules for the Shanghai Subway are . 65．Are there any rules for the bus or subway in your city? What are they? (请列举至少两条) 八、短文填空 I have a happy family. But my family has many 66 (rule) that I have to follow. The most important rule, I think, is that I have to study 67 (hard) at school. My parents always ask me 68 (study) every day even on weekends. Another rule is that I can’t eat any 69 (snack) in my bedroom. And I can’t use my mobile phone 70 school nights. Rules! Rules! Rules! There are too many rules for 71 (I). I think many students like to have their rooms as “the place for 72 (them)”. For example, my friend Bob tries to keep his room the way he likes—a little bit untidy. And he also has posters of his favourite sports star on the wall. My sister is 73 11-year-old student. She thinks rules are good for her. She never 74 (leave) her things around the house. She also makes breakfast for me after getting up. She thinks it 75 (help) build family spirit. Anyway, everyone has different ideas about rules. 九、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 one   grade   and   bring   they   call   also   class   clean   quiet Our class has lots of important rules. These rules help us form a good learning environment, and everyone should follow 76 . 77 , arriving on time is a must. We can’t be late for 78 . It’s not polite to come in when the teacher is teaching in class. If we get up late or meet traffic problems, we need to 79 the teacher and ask for leave. Second, in class, we should listen to the teacher 80 . No talking or playing around. We should put up our hands if we want to answer questions. And we must finish our homework on time. Good 81 come from hard work. Third, keeping the classroom 82 is important. We take turns to clean it every day. No throwing waste everywhere. We should 83 respect each other. We should never fight or say bad words to classmates. We are like a big family, 84 we should help each other. Breaking rules makes the teacher angry and also 85 problems to our class. Following rules makes our class better. 参考答案 46．D 47．C 48．C 49．A 50．B 51．B 52．D 53．B 54．C 55．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了学校规则的重要性以及学生对规则的不同看法。 46．句意：每所学校都有学生需要遵守的规则，但有些学生可能认为这些规则是老师控制他们的方式。 because因为；so所以；although尽管；but但是。前后句是转折关系，应选表示转折的连词。故选D。 47．句意：有时，他们感到不开心甚至生气。 lucky幸运的；luckily幸运地；angry生气的；angrily生气地。feel是系动词，后接形容词作表语，根据unhappy的提示可知，应选表示负面情绪的形容词。故选C。 48．句意：过去人们认为老师必须非常严格。 kind友善的；clever聪明的；strict严格的；careful仔细的。根据“the stricter a teacher was, the more parents thought he or she was a good teacher”可知过去人们认为老师必须非常严格。故选C。 49．句意：当孩子们没有按照要求做事时家长不介意老师惩罚孩子。 told告知；said说；talked谈话；warned警告。根据“children didn’t do what they were…to do.”可知是指没有按照要求做事，be told to do“被告知做某事”。故选A。 50．句意：例如，在走廊上奔跑可能导致学生摔倒。 focus on专注于；fall down摔倒；cut down砍倒；move on继续前进。根据“running in the hallways could cause (导致) a student”可知奔跑可能导致学生摔倒。故选B。 51．句意：遵守规则也能帮助学生在课堂上学习时没有困难。 about关于；without没有；for为了；in在……里面。此处表达的是遵守规则能让学生学习时没有困难，“without difficulty”表示“没有困难”，符合语境，故选B。 52．句意：在课堂上，老师可能要求学生在发言前先举手。 speak动词原形；to speak不定式；spoke过去式；speaking动名词。介词before后接动名词speaking。故选D。 53．句意：如果有人不按顺序发言，其他学生可能听不清老师的话。 clear清晰的；clearly清晰地；polite礼貌的；politely礼貌地。根据“other students might not be able to hear the teacher”可知是听不清老师的话，动词hear需要副词clearly修饰。故选B。 54．句意：当他们长大并独自外出时，很快就会发现他们仍然需要遵守规则。 hurry up赶快；look up查阅；grow up长大；dress up打扮。根据“go out on their own”以及常识可知，是长大后独自外出才需要继续遵守规则，“grow up”符合语境，故选C。 55．句意：如果生活中没有规则，生活将变得毫无意义且混乱。 is是；was过去式；will be一般将来时；will将会。根据“If there are no rules”可知，这是if引导的条件状语从句，满足“主将从现”，主句要用一般将来时，结构为“will be”，故选C。 56．B 57．E 58．D 59．A 60．G 【导语】本文主要介绍了父母如何为孩子制定家规。 56．根据“Let’s find out.”以及下文“Make the rules...Explain the rules...”可知，空处应该是一个有关如何制定家规的问句，引出下文的具体方法。选项B“但如何制定好的家规？”与之相符。故选B。 57．根据“The rules should be right for our age.”可知，规则应适合年龄，故空处会举例说明。选项E“比如，如果我们是小孩子，我们不能制定非常严格的规则。”与之相符。故选E。 58．根据“Explain (解释) the rules.”可知，本段主题是解释规则，故空处会描述解释规则的目的。选项D“确保孩子知道并理解规则。”与之相符。故选D。 59．根据“All family members must follow the family rules.”可知，提到了所有家庭成员必须遵守规则，故空处与遵守规则相关。选项A“遵守规则。”与之相符。故选A。 60．根据“Finally, we have to know what will happen if we don’t follow the rules.”可知，介绍了一旦违反了规则需知道后果，故空处会具体点明后果。选项G “如果我们打破规则，我们应该立刻得到惩罚。”与之相符。故选G。 61．no using loudspeakers 62．use earphones 63．the police 64．helpful 65．Yes, there are. For example, people can’t smoke on the subway. And they must give seats to the elderly. 【导语】本文介绍上海地铁新规定，包括禁止使用扬声器、禁止携带自行车进地铁站、禁止在地铁上饮食等规则，还提及这些规则可在地铁站和地铁上看到，受很多人欢迎，人们也希望公交和火车有类似规则。 61．根据“The first new rule is ‘no using loudspeakers (扬声器)’ . People must follow it when taking the subway.”可知，it指代前面的no using loudspeakers规则。故填no using loudspeakers。 62．根据“They have to use their earphones (耳机) when they listen to music or watch movies on their phones.”可知，说明看视频时需用耳机。故填use earphones。 63．根据“Some people don’t follow the new rule so subway workers may stop them or take them to the police.”可知，会被带到警察局。故填the police。 64．根据“Many people welcome the new rules, and they think the rules are helpful.”可知，规则是有帮助的。故填helpful。 65．本题答案不唯一，合理正确即可。故填Yes, there are. For example, people can’t smoke on the subway. And they must give seats to the elderly. 66．rules 67．hard 68．to study 69．snacks 70．on 71．me 72．themselves 73．an 74．leaves 75．helps 【导语】本文围绕家庭规则展开，作者介绍自己家有诸多必须遵守的规则，如在学校努力学习、卧室不能吃零食、上学日晚上不能用手机等，还提及朋友Bob对房间规则的不同做法，以及妹妹对规则的积极态度，最后表明人们对规则有不同看法。 66．句意：但我家有很多规则，我必须遵守。根据“But my family has many”可知，many后跟可数名词复数，rule“规则”，为可数名词。故填rules。 67．句意：我认为最重要的规则是，我在学校必须努力学习。根据“The most important rule, I think, is that I have to study”可知，study hard是固定短语，意思是“努力学习”；hard在此处是副词，修饰动词study。故填hard。 68．句意：我的父母总是要求我每天学习，甚至在周末也如此。根据“My parents always ask me”可知，ask sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意思是“要求某人做某事”。故填to study。 69．句意：另一条规则是我不能在卧室吃任何零食。根据“Another rule is that I can’t eat any”可知，any后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，snack是可数名词，复数形式snacks。故填snacks。 70．句意：而且在上学日的晚上我不能用手机。根据“school nights.”可知，on school nights是常用表达，意思是“在上学日的晚上”，需用介词on。故填on。 71．句意：对我来说规则太多了。根据“There are too many rules for”可知，for是介词，后接人称代词宾格，I的宾格是me。故填me。 72．句意：我认为很多学生喜欢把他们的房间当作属于他们自己的地方。根据“I think many students like to have their rooms as ‘the place for’”可知，这里强调自己，需用反身代词。故填themselves。 73．句意：我的妹妹是一名11岁的学生。根据“My sister is … 11-year-old student.”可知，11-year-old以元音音素开头，这里表示泛指一名11岁的学生，需用不定冠词用an修饰。故填an。 74．句意：她从不把她的东西乱扔在房子里。根据“She never … her things around the house.”可知，主语She是第三人称单数，一般现在时中，动词用第三人称单数形式，leave的第三人称单数是leaves。故填leaves。 75．句意：她认为这有助于建立家庭精神。根据“She thinks it”可知，主语it是第三人称单数，一般现在时中，动词用第三人称单数形式，help的第三人称单数是helps。故填helps。 76．them 77．First 78．class 79．call 80．quietly 81．grades 82．clean 83．also 84．and 85．brings 【导语】本文主要介绍了班级的一些重要规则。 76．句意：这些规则帮助我们形成一个良好的学习环境，每个人都应该遵守它们。根据“These rules help us form a good learning environment, and everyone should follow”及备选词可知，此处指代前面的“rules”，且空处在句中作宾语，需用代词they的宾格them。故填them。 77．句意：首先，准时到达是必须的。根据后文“Second...Third”可知，此处是列举第一条规则，需用one的序数词first表示“第一”。故填First。 78．句意：我们上课不能迟到。根据“can’t be late for”和“It’s not polite to come in when the teacher is teaching in class”及备选词可知，此处指“上课”不能迟到，class“课”，be late for class“上课迟到”，固定短语，此处是泛指这种行为。故填class。 79．句意：如果起床晚了或遇到交通问题，我们需要打电话给老师请假。根据“we need to... the teacher and ask for leave”及备选词可知，此处指“给老师打电话请假”，call“打电话”，不定式符号to后需用动词原形。故填call。 80．句意：第二，在课堂上，我们应该安静地听老师讲课。根据“listen to the teacher”及备选词可知，应是安静地听讲，需用quiet的副词quietly修饰动词。故填quietly。 81．句意：好成绩来自努力学习。根据“Good…come from hard work”及备选词可知，此处指好的“成绩”来自努力学习，grade“成绩”，由come可知，此处用复数。故填grades。 82．句意：第三，保持教室干净很重要。根据“keeping the classroom...”和“We take turns to clean it every day.”可知，此处指保持教室干净，结合备选词可知，需用形容词clean“干净的”作宾语补足语。故填clean。 83．句意：我们也应该互相尊重。根据“We take turns to clean it every day. No throwing waste everywhere....respect each other”及备选词可知，此处表示递进，also“也”符合语境。故填also。 84．句意：我们就像一个大家庭，我们应该互相帮助。根据前后句“We are like a big family”和“we should help each other.”的逻辑关系可知，此处需用连词表并列，and符合语境。故填and。 85．句意：违反规则会让老师生气，也会给班级带来问题。根据“...problems to our class”及备选词可知，违反规则会带来问题，bring“带来”，主语是动名词短语，所以空处需用动词三单形式。故填brings。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$