专题01 特殊疑问句、形容词的用法和名词的单复数-2025年新八年级暑假衔接复习&预习精品讲义（重点语法知识精讲+重难点题型突破）

【暑假衔接】语法知识及重难点题型突破大闯关（人教版） 专题01 特殊疑问句、形容词的用法和名词的单复数 （一）特殊疑问句 （二）名词的单复数 1.可数名词变复数的规则变化： 规则 例词 ①一般情况下加-s desk→desks， face→faces ②以元音字母加-y或-o结尾，加-s boy→boys， toy→toys， radio→radios， zoo→zoos ③以辅音字母加-y结尾，变-y为-i，再加-es baby→babies， story→stories ④以-s，-x，-sh，-ch结尾加-es bus→buses， box→boxes， brush→brushes， watch→watches 特例：stomach→stomachs ⑤以字母-f/-fe结尾，变-f/-fe为-v，再加-es wolf→wolves， knife→knives [助记：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架（shelf）后保己（self）命（life），半（half）片树叶（leaf）遮目光。] ⑥以辅音字母加-o结尾 有生命的加-es：tomato→tomatoes， hero→heroes； 无生命的加-s：photo→photos， piano→pianos 2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化： 规则 例词 ①单复同形 sheep→sheep， deer→deer， fish→fish ②变-a为-e man→men， woman→women， policeman→policemen， postman→postmen，gentleman→gentlemen 【特例】human→humans ③变-oo为-ee foot→feet， tooth→teeth ④其他形式 child→children， mouse→mice 3.“某国人”（中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面）： 变man为men：Englishman→Englishmen， Frenchman→Frenchmen 单复同形：Chinese→Chinese， Japanese→Japanese 词尾加-s： German→Germans， American→Americans， Australian→Australians 4.集合名词分为两类： 1.形式为单数，意义可分为单数和复数，如family， team， group， class等。当强调整体时，用单数表示；当强调集体中每个成员时，用复数表示。如：My team is a strong one. 我们队很强。My team are all strong players. 我们队的队员都很厉害。 2.形式为单数，意义永远为复数，如people（人）， police。不与a/an连用，但可以与定冠词the连用，谓语动词用复数。如：The police are looking for the lost boy in the streets. 警察正在街上寻找失踪的男孩。 【拓展】常以复数形式出现的名词 1.成双成对的名词：trousers， glasses， scissors， chopsticks， shoes， socks等 2.食物类名词：noodles， vegetables， snacks等 3.固定短语中的名词：express thanks to sb.， in high spirits， do sports等 　注意：当这些常以复数形式出现的名词被量词修饰时，谓语动词与量词的数保持一致。如：These black socks look nice. 这些黑色袜子看起来不错。A pair of black socks is two dollars. 一双黑色袜子2美元。 5.不可数名词 (1)只能修饰不可数名词的词（组）有：little， a little， much， a good/great deal of， a bit of等。 (2)既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词（组）有：a lot of， lots of， plenty of， all， some， most， any， no， the rest of等。 (3)不可数名词的量化表达方式：数词/冠词＋计量名词＋of＋不可数名词。如：a glass of milk， two bottles of orange juice等。 (4)初中阶段常见的不可数名词有： 类别 例词 物质 名词 流体 air空气　water水　beer啤酒　coffee咖啡　oil油　tea茶　juice 饮料　wine酒 soup 汤　porridge粥　ink 墨水 颗粒 rice大米　salt盐　dust灰尘　stone石头　sand沙　flour面粉　dirt尘土 自然 rain雨水　snow雪　wind风　fog雾 食物 meat肉　beef牛肉　mutton羊肉　bread面包 抽象 名词 学科 mathematics/maths数学　physics物理　politics政治　geography地理　chemistry化学　biology生物　history历史 概念 advice建议　information信息　news消息/信息　knowledge知识 情感 fear害怕/畏惧　happiness幸福　hope希望　kindness 善良　pity同情 【拓展】有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但两种形式的意义不同，如： 单词 可数名词意义 不可数名词意义 单词 可数名词意义 不可数名词意义 chicken 鸡 鸡肉 orange 橙子；柑橘 橙汁 fish 鱼（种类） 鱼肉 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 life 生命 生活 paper 报纸；试卷；论文 纸 room 房间 空间 time 次数；倍数 时间 work 作品 工作 interest 业余爱好 兴趣；关注；趣味； 利息 experience 经历 经验 wood 树林 木材 （3） 形容词的用法 1.形容词的用法及位置 说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或复合代词的词叫形容词。 (1)作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。 如：The nice girl is my sister.这个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。 但有少数形容词只能作表语，如alone, afraid，asleep, awake, alive, well（健康；身体好）等。 如：Don't be afraid!别害怕! (2)作表语，放在系动词之后。 如：He looks happy.他看起来很开心。 (3)作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。 如：You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上你的眼睛。 2.某些形容词说明事物间的关系、方位、时间、用途等，不能用程度副词来修饰，也没有比较等级的变化，如：different.southern.northern.Chinese.Japanese等 如：My answer is different from yours.我的答案和你的不一样。 3.the+形容词 某些形容词放在定冠词之后，表示一类人或一类事物。 如：We should help the blind cross the street.我们应该帮助盲人过马路。 4.形容词的排列顺序 当名词有两个或两个以上的词限定或修饰时，这些词的次序通常遵循一定的规则，一般不能随意调换，也不能依照汉语的意思去排列。通常可按下面的次序排列： 当名词有两个或两个以上的词限定或修饰时，这此词的次序通常遵循一定的规则，一般不能随意调换，也不能依照汉语的意思去排列。通常可按下面的次序排列： (1)限定性的词，如：冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。 (2)表示观点的描绘性形容词，如beautiful, fine，interesting等。 (3)表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词.如 tall，high, small, little, round等。 (4)表示年龄、新旧的形容词，如 young,old，new等。 (5)表示颜色的形容词，如black.white.blue等。 (6)表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词，如Japanese.American， English等。 (7)表示形成中心名词的材料的形容词，如plastic, wooden等。 如：some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花 blue plastic plates 蓝色的塑料盘 two big round new Chinese wooden tables 两张新的中国式的木制大圆桌 基础提升 一、单项选择 1．— ________ do you like pandas?   — ________ they’re cute. A．Why; Because B．How; But C．Why; So D．How; And 2．—She is ______ so we should take care of her. —You are right. A．blind B．dangerous C．playful 3．—______ do you go to the movies? —Twice a week. A．How much B．How long C．How often 4．The old man lives _________, but he never feels ________. A．lonely; alone B．alone; alone C．alone; lonely D．lonely; lonely 5．—________ do you like your new English teacher? —She is very kind. A．What B．How C．Who D．Where 6．—How often do you visit your grandparents? —________. A．Once a week B．Three times C．Next weekend 7．—________ is the new student ________ ? —Lanzhou. A．Where, in B．Where, from C．What, from D．What, for 8．—________ do you drink soft drinks, Lucy? —Hardly ever. Soft drinks have too much sugar. They’re bad for me. A．How long B．How often C．How many D．How much 9．—________ milk do we need for the cake? —Two cups. A．How far B．How long C．How many D．How much 10．—Lily, ________ do you usually go to bed? —At 9:30 p.m. A．where B．how C．when D．who 11．Jack is studying ________ history in ________, where he also learned to make traditional ________. A．China; China; Chinese B．China; Chinese; china C．Chinese; China; china D．Chinese; Chinese; China 12．Look! There is a rabbit, two _______ and two _______ in the picture. A．sheep; mouse B．wolf; sheep C．foxes; wolves D．wolf; mice 13．—______ did you have for breakfast today? —Some bread and juice. A．What B．Why C．Where D．How 14．—Are there any ________ between the twins? —Yes. They have ________ eating habits and see things ________. A．different; differently; differences B．differences; different; different C．different; differences; differently D．differences; different; differently 15．—________? —He is funny and friendly. A．How does your new friend look like B．What is your new friend like C．What is your new friend D．How is your new friend like 二、语法选择 What is the most precious (珍贵的) kind of animal in China? You probably say it’s the panda. In fact, a kind of bird is as precious as the panda, 16 many people don’t know much about it. It is the crested ibis (朱鹮). 17 bird is as white as snow with a red face and it looks very beautiful. Crested ibises live in tall 18 by small rivers or rice fields. They look for small fish and some other small animals for food. About a hundred years ago, a lot of crested ibises 19 in China, Russia and Japan. Later, as they lost their homes, the size of them was getting 20 and smaller. Between 1965 and 1980, people 21 any of them living in the wild. 22 , in 1981, scientists found seven of them in the south of Shaanxi Province. In order to protect 23 , the Chinese government is setting up natural parks and developing other plans. Now scientists are doing a lot of research 24 them produce (繁育) more babies so that there will be more and more crested ibises. Today there 25 about 1,500 crested ibises living in the wild and there are about 500 crested ibises in zoos and research centres. 16．A．so B．or C．and D．but 17．A．A B．An C．The D．/ 18．A．tree B．trees C．flower D．flowers 19．A．lived B．will live C．live D．is living 20．A．big B．bigger C．small D．smaller 21．A．don’t see B．didn’t see C．not see D．not saw 22．A．Sad B．Sadly C．Lucky D．Luckily 23．A．they B．themselves C．their D．them 24．A．to help B．help C．to ask D．ask 25．A．have B．has C．are D．is 三、阅读理解 A Do you know Chimelong Safari Park (长隆野生动物园 )? It is different from other zoos because you can take a car to watch animals in it. Isn’t it cool to see a scary lion just standing outside your car? This is why lots of people love to go there. People can sec many rare (稀有的) animals there. As we all know, koalas are Australia’s symbol and there are fifty koalas at the park’s Koala Garden. In Panda Center, there are ten cute pandas. And a very great place in the park is the White Tiger Garden. Over 150 white tigers live there. There are also many interesting things to do. People can watch animal shows (tigers, elephants and lions). All the shows are quite great. Where can people go if they want to eat? There is a food street and people can taste nice food there. The park is open from 9:30 am to 5:30 pm. Go and have fun in it! 26．People can ________ to watch animals in Chimelong Safari Park. A．take a bus B．ride a bike C．take a car D．take the subway 27．What animal is the symbol of Australia? A．Koala. B．Tiger. C．Elephant. D．Panda. 28．How long does the park open a day? A．For 9.5 hours. B．For 9 hours. C．For 8.5 hours. D．For 8 hours. 29．What can we know from the passage? A．There are fifty pandas in the park. B．Tigers in the park can give people a show. C．There isn’t a food street in the park. D．The lions in the park are white. 30．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Pandas in Chimelong Safari Park B．Food in Chimelong Safari Park C．Animal Shows in Chimelong Safari Park D．Something about Chimelong Safari Park B Animals are important to us and they are our friends. But some of them are in great danger (危险) now. What can we do to help save them? Don’t eat wild animals’ meat. Some of us like to eat meat. But some meat comes from endangered (濒危的) animals. To save animals, don’t eat their meat. Don’t wear clothes made of fur (毛皮). Sometimes people kill (杀死) animals for their fur. If we don’t buy clothes made of fur, people will not kill animals. Please give away money to Animal Helpers. The group does everything to help save animals. But it often needs money. So save some money and give it away to the group to help animals. Tell people that it’s important to save animals. Not all people know animals are our friends and that we must save them. So why not tell people around us that it’s important to save animals? Do you have any other good ways to help save animals? Write to tell us. 31．How many ways to save animals are there in the text? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 32．What do some people kill animals for according to the text? A．Their food. B．Their home. C．Their teeth. D．Their meat and fur. 33．What can we know from the text? A．Some people don’t know it’s important to save animals. B．Animal Helpers sometimes needs money to save animals. C．Some animals are friendly to people and brings people fun. D．Some people always kill endangered animals for their meat. 34．What is the structure of the text? (①= Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． 35．What could be the best title (标题) for the text? A．How to Help Save Animals B．What to Do for Animal Helpers C．When to Help Save Animals D．Where to Find Many Animals 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Anna is my friend. She is 36 American girl. She lives in Beijing with her parents, and she is interested 37 animals. Anna can’t speak Chinese 38 (good), but she loves to learn about animals in China. Anna loves to travel around Beijing, especially (尤其) to the places where she can 39 (see) different kinds of animals. Anna’s parents are very busy, 40 they usually try to make time for family activities. They often go to zoos and wildlife parks. On a Sunday morning, Anna’s parents are free. They go to the zoo. They see tigers, monkeys, 41 (sheep), elephants, bears and giraffes. Anna likes the lovely monkeys and big elephants. However, she doesn’t like the 42 (danger) bears. Anna’s father takes photos of Anna with a mother elephant and a baby elephant. These elephants have big and long noses. They take food with 43 (they) noses. Anna also sees two fat giraffes. Her mother tells her that the two giraffes are going to have some 44 (baby). Then Anna gives the giraffes some tree leaves 45 (eat). They come back home around 5: 00 p.m. Anna feels very happy. She enjoys her trip to the zoo and she likes to stay with the animal friends. 五、补全对话 根据对话内容，从文后选出最佳选项补全对话。 A: Hi, Jim! Our class is going to visit the zoo this Friday. Are you excited? B: Yes! 46 . A: My favorite animal is the penguin. They’re so cute! B: Really? 47 . A: Because they can swim at 5~10 km/h. B: Cool! Do you know the zoo rules? A: Of course. 48 . B: Right. So we must keep it clean and stay quiet. A: Also, 49 . They only cat natural food. B: I see. Look at the photos of them. How lovely! A: So they are. Remember to bring your camera to the zoo this Friday. 50 . A．Why do you like penguins so much? B．Don’t litter or make noise. C．What’s your favorite animal? D．Let’s take some photos! E．We mustn’t feed animals, either. 难点强化 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题所给的选项中，选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Animals are friends of humans. Sometimes animals can save 1 lives. I am in a busy neighborhood, and I live in a tall building. There are ten floors in the building and I live on the fourth floor. I have a neighbour (邻居). She is Grandma Li. She lives alone. She likes pets very much. She has a cute dog in 2 house. She loves it very much and the dog is also very friendly 3 her. It likes eating 4 . It is very quiet and seldom barks (吠). I visit Grandma Li 5 a week when I am free. Sometimes I play with 6 dog for a long time. It’s 10:00 now, I’m visiting Grandma Li as usual and 7 with the dog outside her house. Grandma Li is cooking in the kitchen. Suddenly (突然) the dog is barking loudly and rushing into the room. I’m thinking maybe there is something wrong in Grandma Li’s house, 8 I’m following it. I can see a lot of smoke (浓烟) coming out from the window of the kitchen. The house must be on fire (着火). I 9 call 119 and stop 10 dangerous happening. What a smart and helpful dog! 1．A．people B．peoples’ C．people’s 2．A．she’s B．hers C．her 3．A．to B．with C．for 4．A．meat and vegetable B．meats and vegetables C．meat and vegetables 5．A．two times B．twice C．three time 6．A．a B．an C．the 7．A．plays B．playing C．play 8．A．so B．but C．or 9．A．should B．mustn’t C．can’t 10．A．something B．everything C．anything 二、阅读理解 A From small ants to big whales, almost all animals need to sleep. And different animals have different ways to sleep. Some seabirds can sleep while they are flying. They can fly for many hours without moving their wings. A flamingo can sleep while standing on one leg. The standing leg always stays straight. The other leg stays close to its body. Horses often sleep while standing up. If a horse lies down, it needs a long time to get up. A horse can run away from danger more quickly if it is standing. And horses only need about three hours of sleep a day! Giraffes sleep about 30 minutes a day, and 5 minutes at a time. They put their heads on their bodies or on the ground when sleeping. What an amazing way! A dolphin sleeps with just half its head at a time. The other half must stay awake to take in air and to pay attention to danger. Dolphin mothers and babies can live without sleep for two months to stay safe. 11．Which animal moves while sleeping? A． B． C． D． 12．How many kinds of animals sleep while standing up in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 13．How do giraffes sleep? A．By standing on one leg. B．By keeping their necks straight. C．By putting their heads on the ground. D．By making legs close to their bodies. 14．Why do dolphins sleep with half their heads when they sleep? A．They have a large body. B．This helps them to sleep well. C．They need to notice the danger. D．It takes them a long time to go to sleep. 15．Where is the passage most probably from? A．A storybook. B．A travel guide. C．A history book. D．An animal report. B Many people think that it is good for an elderly (年老的) person to keep a pet. Elderly people may miss their friends and family who are no longer around. However, a kitten (a young cat) for an elderly person is not a good idea. Kittens are tiring. Elderly people, even those in the best of health, will have a lot of difficulties running after a kitten and, unluckily, kittens do need a lot of care. They need to be trained not to destroy homes and not to run up curtains (窗帘), and they need a lot of fun-time which an elderly person may not be able to give them. And an elderly person will not want to look for the cat. It needs much energy. ________________ But kittens can be really expensive. They need to be taken to the animal doctors for health checks, especially when they are young. Cat food is usually expensive, and their beds, toys and other things all cost much money. For an elderly person living on a pension (退休金), the cost can be more than they can afford. If an elderly person really wants an animal friend, an older cat would be a much better choice. Getting one from a cats’ home should make sure that it is already well trained. And with a little bit of care, it will live in a home with an elderly person. Elderly people should carefully think about anything that may lead to extra stress (压力). So think of other ways for them to live a better life. 16．What does the writer want to do in Paragraph 1? A．To advise the elderly not to miss their friends. B．To introduce the elderly to a pet gift. C．To correct a wrong idea. D．To keep a kitten as a pet. 17．What does the underlined word “them” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Kittens. B．Elderly people. C．Homes. D．Fun activities. 18．What’s the best sentence for “________________” in Paragraph 3? A．It is not cheap to care for a cat of any age. B．Training a kitten needs lots of patience. C．Different cats clearly have different needs. D．Kittens are often more popular than older cats. 19．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．The older cats grow, the more they cost. B．The cost of taking care of kittens is high. C．The health checks are useless when a kitten grows up. D．The elderly people can keep any kitten as a pet. 20．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．How to take care of the elderly. B．How to keep away from all cats. C．Older cats are a much better choice. D．Elderly people should learn to train cats. 三、短文填空 Lately, the capybara (水豚), a cute animal has become popular online. One of the main 21 (reason) is that people love its kind nature. A capybara looks similar 22 a large mouse. You may think capybaras are not popular. 23 , they always have lots of different animals around them. What makes capybaras so 24 (friend)? As the largest rodent animals (啮齿动物) in the world, capybaras have only a few enemies (敌人). For capybaras, hiding in the water is the best way 25 (keep) safe. If there is nothing 26 (danger), they might lie on the shore (岸边). Most of the time, they don’t have to worry about 27 (something). Capybaras also live 28 simple life. They usually eat plants and like 29 (stay) in the water comfortably. Capybaras are getting popular as friends of humans. More and more people around the world want to have a capybara. After all, no one 30 (dislike) a cute and kind friend. 四、补全对话 根据对话内容，从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两个为多余选项。 A: Hi, Laural Long time no see. How is it going these days? B: Not bad. 31 A: Are there any school rules? B: 32 I think the school rules are very important. A: Well, what do you usually do at weekends? B: I often play with my good friend Emma at weekends. A: Oh, I know her. 33 B: Sure. I like animals. A: 34 . B: Elephants. They are smart and never forget. A: I like them too. Where will we meet? B: 35 . A: OK. See you. A．Yes, there are. B．At the school gate (大门). C．What’s your favourite animal? D．I like my new school life in China. E．Do you have a good friend at school? F．How far is it from your home to school? G．Do you want to go to the zoo with me on Sunday? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【暑假衔接】语法知识及重难点题型突破大闯关（人教版） 专题01 特殊疑问句、形容词的用法和名词的单复数 （一）特殊疑问句 （二）名词的单复数 1.可数名词变复数的规则变化： 规则 例词 ①一般情况下加-s desk→desks， face→faces ②以元音字母加-y或-o结尾，加-s boy→boys， toy→toys， radio→radios， zoo→zoos ③以辅音字母加-y结尾，变-y为-i，再加-es baby→babies， story→stories ④以-s，-x，-sh，-ch结尾加-es bus→buses， box→boxes， brush→brushes， watch→watches 特例：stomach→stomachs ⑤以字母-f/-fe结尾，变-f/-fe为-v，再加-es wolf→wolves， knife→knives [助记：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架（shelf）后保己（self）命（life），半（half）片树叶（leaf）遮目光。] ⑥以辅音字母加-o结尾 有生命的加-es：tomato→tomatoes， hero→heroes； 无生命的加-s：photo→photos， piano→pianos 2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化： 规则 例词 ①单复同形 sheep→sheep， deer→deer， fish→fish ②变-a为-e man→men， woman→women， policeman→policemen， postman→postmen，gentleman→gentlemen 【特例】human→humans ③变-oo为-ee foot→feet， tooth→teeth ④其他形式 child→children， mouse→mice 3.“某国人”（中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面）： 变man为men：Englishman→Englishmen， Frenchman→Frenchmen 单复同形：Chinese→Chinese， Japanese→Japanese 词尾加-s： German→Germans， American→Americans， Australian→Australians 4.集合名词分为两类： 1.形式为单数，意义可分为单数和复数，如family， team， group， class等。当强调整体时，用单数表示；当强调集体中每个成员时，用复数表示。如：My team is a strong one. 我们队很强。My team are all strong players. 我们队的队员都很厉害。 2.形式为单数，意义永远为复数，如people（人）， police。不与a/an连用，但可以与定冠词the连用，谓语动词用复数。如：The police are looking for the lost boy in the streets. 警察正在街上寻找失踪的男孩。 【拓展】常以复数形式出现的名词 1.成双成对的名词：trousers， glasses， scissors， chopsticks， shoes， socks等 2.食物类名词：noodles， vegetables， snacks等 3.固定短语中的名词：express thanks to sb.， in high spirits， do sports等 　注意：当这些常以复数形式出现的名词被量词修饰时，谓语动词与量词的数保持一致。如：These black socks look nice. 这些黑色袜子看起来不错。A pair of black socks is two dollars. 一双黑色袜子2美元。 5.不可数名词 (1)只能修饰不可数名词的词（组）有：little， a little， much， a good/great deal of， a bit of等。 (2)既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词（组）有：a lot of， lots of， plenty of， all， some， most， any， no， the rest of等。 (3)不可数名词的量化表达方式：数词/冠词＋计量名词＋of＋不可数名词。如：a glass of milk， two bottles of orange juice等。 (4)初中阶段常见的不可数名词有： 类别 例词 物质 名词 流体 air空气　water水　beer啤酒　coffee咖啡　oil油　tea茶　juice 饮料　wine酒 soup 汤　porridge粥　ink 墨水 颗粒 rice大米　salt盐　dust灰尘　stone石头　sand沙　flour面粉　dirt尘土 自然 rain雨水　snow雪　wind风　fog雾 食物 meat肉　beef牛肉　mutton羊肉　bread面包 抽象 名词 学科 mathematics/maths数学　physics物理　politics政治　geography地理　chemistry化学　biology生物　history历史 概念 advice建议　information信息　news消息/信息　knowledge知识 情感 fear害怕/畏惧　happiness幸福　hope希望　kindness 善良　pity同情 【拓展】有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但两种形式的意义不同，如： 单词 可数名词意义 不可数名词意义 单词 可数名词意义 不可数名词意义 chicken 鸡 鸡肉 orange 橙子；柑橘 橙汁 fish 鱼（种类） 鱼肉 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 life 生命 生活 paper 报纸；试卷；论文 纸 room 房间 空间 time 次数；倍数 时间 work 作品 工作 interest 业余爱好 兴趣；关注；趣味； 利息 experience 经历 经验 wood 树林 木材 （3） 形容词的用法 1.形容词的用法及位置 说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或复合代词的词叫形容词。 (1)作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。 如：The nice girl is my sister.这个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。 但有少数形容词只能作表语，如alone, afraid，asleep, awake, alive, well（健康；身体好）等。 如：Don't be afraid!别害怕! (2)作表语，放在系动词之后。 如：He looks happy.他看起来很开心。 (3)作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。 如：You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上你的眼睛。 2.某些形容词说明事物间的关系、方位、时间、用途等，不能用程度副词来修饰，也没有比较等级的变化，如：different.southern.northern.Chinese.Japanese等 如：My answer is different from yours.我的答案和你的不一样。 3.the+形容词 某些形容词放在定冠词之后，表示一类人或一类事物。 如：We should help the blind cross the street.我们应该帮助盲人过马路。 4.形容词的排列顺序 当名词有两个或两个以上的词限定或修饰时，这些词的次序通常遵循一定的规则，一般不能随意调换，也不能依照汉语的意思去排列。通常可按下面的次序排列： 当名词有两个或两个以上的词限定或修饰时，这此词的次序通常遵循一定的规则，一般不能随意调换，也不能依照汉语的意思去排列。通常可按下面的次序排列： (1)限定性的词，如：冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。 (2)表示观点的描绘性形容词，如beautiful, fine，interesting等。 (3)表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词.如 tall，high, small, little, round等。 (4)表示年龄、新旧的形容词，如 young,old，new等。 (5)表示颜色的形容词，如black.white.blue等。 (6)表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词，如Japanese.American， English等。 (7)表示形成中心名词的材料的形容词，如plastic, wooden等。 如：some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花 blue plastic plates 蓝色的塑料盘 two big round new Chinese wooden tables 两张新的中国式的木制大圆桌 基础提升 一、单项选择 1．— ________ do you like pandas?   — ________ they’re cute. A．Why; Because B．How; But C．Why; So D．How; And 2．—She is ______ so we should take care of her. —You are right. A．blind B．dangerous C．playful 3．—______ do you go to the movies? —Twice a week. A．How much B．How long C．How often 4．The old man lives _________, but he never feels ________. A．lonely; alone B．alone; alone C．alone; lonely D．lonely; lonely 5．—________ do you like your new English teacher? —She is very kind. A．What B．How C．Who D．Where 6．—How often do you visit your grandparents? —________. A．Once a week B．Three times C．Next weekend 7．—________ is the new student ________ ? —Lanzhou. A．Where, in B．Where, from C．What, from D．What, for 8．—________ do you drink soft drinks, Lucy? —Hardly ever. Soft drinks have too much sugar. They’re bad for me. A．How long B．How often C．How many D．How much 9．—________ milk do we need for the cake? —Two cups. A．How far B．How long C．How many D．How much 10．—Lily, ________ do you usually go to bed? —At 9:30 p.m. A．where B．how C．when D．who 11．Jack is studying ________ history in ________, where he also learned to make traditional ________. A．China; China; Chinese B．China; Chinese; china C．Chinese; China; china D．Chinese; Chinese; China 12．Look! There is a rabbit, two _______ and two _______ in the picture. A．sheep; mouse B．wolf; sheep C．foxes; wolves D．wolf; mice 13．—______ did you have for breakfast today? —Some bread and juice. A．What B．Why C．Where D．How 14．—Are there any ________ between the twins? —Yes. They have ________ eating habits and see things ________. A．different; differently; differences B．differences; different; different C．different; differences; differently D．differences; different; differently 15．—________? —He is funny and friendly. A．How does your new friend look like B．What is your new friend like C．What is your new friend D．How is your new friend like 二、语法选择 What is the most precious (珍贵的) kind of animal in China? You probably say it’s the panda. In fact, a kind of bird is as precious as the panda, 16 many people don’t know much about it. It is the crested ibis (朱鹮). 17 bird is as white as snow with a red face and it looks very beautiful. Crested ibises live in tall 18 by small rivers or rice fields. They look for small fish and some other small animals for food. About a hundred years ago, a lot of crested ibises 19 in China, Russia and Japan. Later, as they lost their homes, the size of them was getting 20 and smaller. Between 1965 and 1980, people 21 any of them living in the wild. 22 , in 1981, scientists found seven of them in the south of Shaanxi Province. In order to protect 23 , the Chinese government is setting up natural parks and developing other plans. Now scientists are doing a lot of research 24 them produce (繁育) more babies so that there will be more and more crested ibises. Today there 25 about 1,500 crested ibises living in the wild and there are about 500 crested ibises in zoos and research centres. 16．A．so B．or C．and D．but 17．A．A B．An C．The D．/ 18．A．tree B．trees C．flower D．flowers 19．A．lived B．will live C．live D．is living 20．A．big B．bigger C．small D．smaller 21．A．don’t see B．didn’t see C．not see D．not saw 22．A．Sad B．Sadly C．Lucky D．Luckily 23．A．they B．themselves C．their D．them 24．A．to help B．help C．to ask D．ask 25．A．have B．has C．are D．is 三、阅读理解 A Do you know Chimelong Safari Park (长隆野生动物园 )? It is different from other zoos because you can take a car to watch animals in it. Isn’t it cool to see a scary lion just standing outside your car? This is why lots of people love to go there. People can sec many rare (稀有的) animals there. As we all know, koalas are Australia’s symbol and there are fifty koalas at the park’s Koala Garden. In Panda Center, there are ten cute pandas. And a very great place in the park is the White Tiger Garden. Over 150 white tigers live there. There are also many interesting things to do. People can watch animal shows (tigers, elephants and lions). All the shows are quite great. Where can people go if they want to eat? There is a food street and people can taste nice food there. The park is open from 9:30 am to 5:30 pm. Go and have fun in it! 26．People can ________ to watch animals in Chimelong Safari Park. A．take a bus B．ride a bike C．take a car D．take the subway 27．What animal is the symbol of Australia? A．Koala. B．Tiger. C．Elephant. D．Panda. 28．How long does the park open a day? A．For 9.5 hours. B．For 9 hours. C．For 8.5 hours. D．For 8 hours. 29．What can we know from the passage? A．There are fifty pandas in the park. B．Tigers in the park can give people a show. C．There isn’t a food street in the park. D．The lions in the park are white. 30．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Pandas in Chimelong Safari Park B．Food in Chimelong Safari Park C．Animal Shows in Chimelong Safari Park D．Something about Chimelong Safari Park B Animals are important to us and they are our friends. But some of them are in great danger (危险) now. What can we do to help save them? Don’t eat wild animals’ meat. Some of us like to eat meat. But some meat comes from endangered (濒危的) animals. To save animals, don’t eat their meat. Don’t wear clothes made of fur (毛皮). Sometimes people kill (杀死) animals for their fur. If we don’t buy clothes made of fur, people will not kill animals. Please give away money to Animal Helpers. The group does everything to help save animals. But it often needs money. So save some money and give it away to the group to help animals. Tell people that it’s important to save animals. Not all people know animals are our friends and that we must save them. So why not tell people around us that it’s important to save animals? Do you have any other good ways to help save animals? Write to tell us. 31．How many ways to save animals are there in the text? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 32．What do some people kill animals for according to the text? A．Their food. B．Their home. C．Their teeth. D．Their meat and fur. 33．What can we know from the text? A．Some people don’t know it’s important to save animals. B．Animal Helpers sometimes needs money to save animals. C．Some animals are friendly to people and brings people fun. D．Some people always kill endangered animals for their meat. 34．What is the structure of the text? (①= Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． 35．What could be the best title (标题) for the text? A．How to Help Save Animals B．What to Do for Animal Helpers C．When to Help Save Animals D．Where to Find Many Animals 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Anna is my friend. She is 36 American girl. She lives in Beijing with her parents, and she is interested 37 animals. Anna can’t speak Chinese 38 (good), but she loves to learn about animals in China. Anna loves to travel around Beijing, especially (尤其) to the places where she can 39 (see) different kinds of animals. Anna’s parents are very busy, 40 they usually try to make time for family activities. They often go to zoos and wildlife parks. On a Sunday morning, Anna’s parents are free. They go to the zoo. They see tigers, monkeys, 41 (sheep), elephants, bears and giraffes. Anna likes the lovely monkeys and big elephants. However, she doesn’t like the 42 (danger) bears. Anna’s father takes photos of Anna with a mother elephant and a baby elephant. These elephants have big and long noses. They take food with 43 (they) noses. Anna also sees two fat giraffes. Her mother tells her that the two giraffes are going to have some 44 (baby). Then Anna gives the giraffes some tree leaves 45 (eat). They come back home around 5: 00 p.m. Anna feels very happy. She enjoys her trip to the zoo and she likes to stay with the animal friends. 五、补全对话 根据对话内容，从文后选出最佳选项补全对话。 A: Hi, Jim! Our class is going to visit the zoo this Friday. Are you excited? B: Yes! 46 . A: My favorite animal is the penguin. They’re so cute! B: Really? 47 . A: Because they can swim at 5~10 km/h. B: Cool! Do you know the zoo rules? A: Of course. 48 . B: Right. So we must keep it clean and stay quiet. A: Also, 49 . They only cat natural food. B: I see. Look at the photos of them. How lovely! A: So they are. Remember to bring your camera to the zoo this Friday. 50 . A．Why do you like penguins so much? B．Don’t litter or make noise. C．What’s your favorite animal? D．Let’s take some photos! E．We mustn’t feed animals, either. 参考答案 1．A 【详解】句意：——你为什么喜欢熊猫？——因为它们很可爱。 考查疑问词和连词辨析。Why为什么；How怎么样；Because因为；But但是；So所以；And和。根据“they’re cute”可知，答句用“Because”说明喜欢熊猫的原因，且问句用“Why”提问原因，符合逻辑。故选A。 2．A 【详解】句意：——她是盲人，所以我们应该照顾她。——你说得对。 考查形容词辨析。blind盲的；dangerous危险的；playful爱玩的。根据“we should take care of her”可知，应该照顾她，说明她身体有问题，生活不便，blind“盲的，瞎的”符合语境。故选A。 3．C 【详解】句意：——你多久看一次电影？——一周两次。 考查特殊疑问句。How much多少；How long多长；How often多久一次。根据“Twice a week.”可知，询问频率应用how often来提问。故选C。 4．C 【详解】句意：这位老人独自居住，但他从不感到孤独。 考查形容词和副词的用法。alone独自，单独（副词）；lonely孤单的，孤独的（形容词）。根据“The old man lives...”可知，此处指老人独自居住，第一空是副词alone，修饰动词lives；根据“but he never feels...”可知，他从不感到孤独，空前是系动词feels，第二空应是形容词lonely，作表语。故选C。 5．B 【详解】句意：——你觉得你的新英语老师怎么样？——她很亲切。 考查特殊疑问句。What什么；How怎么样；Who谁；Where在哪里。根据回答“She is very kind.”可知，此处应是询问对某人的看法/评价，用句式“How do you like...”。故选B。 6．A 【详解】句意：——你多久去看望你的祖父母一次？——一星期一次。 考查交际用语。Once a week一周一次；Three times三次；Next weekend下周。根据“How often”可知，此处回答应表示频率，用“一周一次”，故选A。 7．B 【详解】句意：——新同学是哪里人？——兰州。    考查疑问词及介词搭配。Where哪里，询问地点；What什么；from来自，表示来源；in在；for为了。根据“Lanzhou”可知，回答的是籍贯/来源地，需用“Where...from”结构。故选B。 8．B 【详解】句意：——露西，你多久喝一次软饮料？——几乎从不。软饮料含糖太多。它们对我有害。 考查特殊疑问词组辨析。How long多长时间，对一段时间提问；How often多久一次，对频率提问；How many多少，对可数名词的数量提问；How much多少，对不可数名词的数量或价格提问。根据“Hardly ever.”可知，此处是对频率提问，所以用How often。故选B。 9．D 【详解】句意：——我们做蛋糕需要多少牛奶？ ——两杯。 考查特殊疑问句。How far多远；How long多久；How many多少，后接可数名词复数；How much多少，后接不可数名词或问价钱。根据空后不可数名词“milk”和答句“Two cups.”可知，此处是询问制作蛋糕需要多少牛奶，应how much作特殊疑问词，故选D。 10．C 【详解】句意：——Lily，你通常什么时候睡觉？——九点半。 考查特殊疑问句。where哪里；how怎么样；when何时；who谁。根据答语“At 9:30 p.m.”可知，问句是询问时间，故选A。 11．C 【详解】句意：杰克在中国学习中国历史，在那里他还学会了制作传统瓷器。 考查词义辨析。China中国；china瓷器；Chinese中国的，中国人，汉语。第一空表示“中国历史”，用形容词Chinese“中国的”修饰名词history；第二空表示“在中国”，用专有名词China“中国”；第三空形容词traditional“传统的”，修饰的应是名词china“瓷器”。故选C。 12．C 【详解】句意：看！画里有一只兔子，两只狐狸和两只狼。 考查名词辨析。sheep羊，单复数同形；mouse老鼠，名词单数；wolf狼，名词单数；foxes狐狸，名词复数；wolves狼，名词复数；mice老鼠，名词复数。根据“two ... and two ... in the picture.”可知，空处需要用名词复数，选项C符合。故选C。 13．A 【详解】句意：——你今天早餐吃了什么？——一些面包和果汁。    考查疑问词辨析。What什么，用于询问事物；Why为什么，询问原因；Where哪里，询问地点；How如何，询问方式。根据答语“Some bread and juice”可知，问句是对早餐吃的食物内容进行提问，需用疑问词What。故选A。 14．D 【详解】句意：——在双胞胎之间有不同吗？——是的，他们有不同的饮食习惯，并且看待事情的角度也不同。 考查名词，形容词，副词的用法。different形容词，不同的；differences名词复数形式，不同；differently副词，不同地。第一空为there be句型的一般疑问句，are是系动词，此空用名词作主语，difference可数名词，用复数形式differences；第二空修饰名词habits，用形容词different作定语；第三空修饰动词see，用副词differently。故选D。 15．B 【详解】句意：——你的新朋友是什么样的人？——他有趣且友好。 考查询问人物性格或特征的句型辨析。How does your new friend look like语法错误；What is your new friend like为固定句型，用于询问性格或一般特征；What is your new friend不完整，易误解为询问身份或职业；How is your new friend like搭配错误。答句“He is funny and friendly”描述性格，故B项句型正确匹配。故选B。 16．D 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．D 21．B 22．D 23．D 24．A 25．C 【导语】本文主要是介绍了珍稀动物朱鹮，它的外貌和生活习性。 16．句意：事实上，有一种鸟和熊猫一样珍贵，但是很多人对它了解不多。 so因此；or或者；and和；but但是。前后两句是转折关系，用but连接。故选D。 17．句意：这种鸟洁白如雪，脸是红色的，看起来非常漂亮。 A一个（用于辅音音素开头的单词前）；An一个（用于元音音素开头的单词前）；The这个（定冠词）；/零冠词。此处特指这种鸟，用定冠词the。故选C。 18．句意：朱鹮生活在小河或稻田旁的高大树木上。 tree树；trees树（复数）；flower花；flowers花（复数）。根据“live in tall”可知是居住在高大的树木上面，表示泛指用名词复数。故选B。 19．句意：大约一百年前，中国、俄罗斯和日本有很多朱鹮生活在那里。 lived生活（过去式）；will live将要生活（将来时）；live生活（原形）；is living正在生活（现在进行时）。根据“About a hundred years ago”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选A。 20．句意：后来，由于它们失去了家园，它们的数量变得越来越少。 big大的；bigger更大的（比较级）；small小的；smaller更小的（比较级）。根据“Later, as they lost their homes, the size of them was getting”可知由于它们失去了家园，它们的数量变得越来越少，此处用比较级，构成“比较级+and+比较级”结构。故选D。 21．句意：在1965年到1980年之间，人们没有看到任何一只朱鹮在野外生活。 don’t see没看到（现在时否定）；didn’t see没看到（过去时否定）；not see不看（原形否定，但通常不单独使用，需与助动词结合）；not saw错误形式。根据“Between 1965 and 1980, people”可知句子用一般过去时，否定句中借助助动词didn’t。故选B。 22．句意：幸运的是，1981年，科学家们在陕西省南部发现了七只朱鹮。 Sad悲伤的；Sadly悲伤地（副词）；Lucky幸运的；Luckily幸运地（副词）。根据“scientists found seven of them in the south of Shaanxi Province”可知科学家发现了七只朱鹮，这是幸运的，修饰整个句子用副词。故选D。 23．句意：为了保护它们，中国政府正在建立自然公园并制定其他计划。 they它们（主格）；themselves它们自己（反身代词）；their它们的（形容词性物主代词）；them它们（宾格）。此处指“保护朱鹮”，作宾语用代词宾格。故选D。 24．句意：现在，科学家们正在进行大量研究，以帮助它们繁育更多的后代，这样就会有越来越多的朱鹮。 to help帮助（不定式）；help帮助（原形）；to ask问（不定式）；ask问（原形）。根据“them produce...”可知是帮助它们繁育，表示目的，用动词不定式。故选A。 25．句意：如今，野外大约有1,500只朱鹮，动物园和研究中心还有大约500只朱鹮。 have有（原形）；has有（第三人称单数现在时）；are是（be动词的复数）；is是（be动词的单三）。此处是there be结构，主语是复数，be动词用are。故选C。 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．B 30．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了长隆野生动物园的情况，人们可以看到的动物品种以及其他可以做的事情。 26．细节理解题。根据“It is different from other zoos because you can take a car to watch animals in it.”可知，在长隆野生动物园人们可以乘车观看动物。故选C。   27．细节理解题。根据“koalas are Australia’s symbol”可知，考拉是澳大利亚的象征。故选A。   28．细节理解题。根据“The park is open from 9:30 am to 5:30 pm.”，上午9:30到下午5:30，一共8小时。故选D。 29．推理判断题。根据“People can watch animal shows (tigers, elephants and lions).”可知，公园里的老虎能给人们表演。故选B。   30．最佳标题题。文章介绍了长隆野生动物园可乘车看动物、有很多稀有动物、有趣活动、开放时间等内容，是关于长隆野生动物园的介绍。故选D。 31．B 32．D 33．B 34．B 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章对如何保护动物给出了几点建议。 31．细节理解题。根据“Don’t eat wild animals’ meat.”、“Don’t wear clothes made of fur (毛皮)”、“Please give away money to Animal Helpers.”以及“Tell people that it’s important to save animals.”可知，共四条建议。故选B。 32．细节理解题。根据“Some of us like to eat meat. But some meat comes from endangered (濒危的) animals.”以及“Sometimes people kill (杀死) animals for their fur.”可知，人们捕杀动物是为了它们的肉和毛皮。故选D。 33．推理判断题。根据“The group does everything to help save animals. But it often needs money.”可知，动物救助者会需要资金。故选B。 34．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出了如何拯救动物的话题，第二至第五段介绍了4条建议，第六段向读者征求建议，所以B项符合。故选B。 35．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章对如何保护动物给出了几点建议，A项“如何帮助拯救动物”符合。故选A。 36．an 37．in 38．well 39．see 40．but 41．sheep 42．dangerous 43．their 44．babies 45．to eat 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者的朋友安娜的相关情况。 36．句意：她是一个美国女孩。根据“She is…American girl.”可知，此处表示一个美国女孩，应用不定冠词。American是以元音音素开头的单词，所以不定冠词用an。故填an。 37．句意：她和她的父母住在北京，并且她对动物很感兴趣。根据“she is interested…animals”可知，此处考查短语be interested in，表示“对……感兴趣”。故填in。 38．句意：安娜中文说得不好，但她喜欢了解中国的动物。根据“Anna can’t speak Chinese…”可知，此处需要一个词来修饰动词speak，修饰动词要用副词。good是形容词，其副词形式是well，speak Chinese well表示“中文说得好”。故填well。 39．句意：安娜喜欢在北京四处游玩，尤其是去那些她能看到不同种类动物的地方。根据“where she can…different kinds of animals”可知，情态动词can后接动词原形。see是动词，表示“看见”，符合语境。故填see。 40．句意：安娜的父母非常忙，但他们通常尽量抽出时间来进行家庭活动。根据“Anna’s parents are very busy”和“they usually try to make time for family activities”可知，前后句之间存在转折关系，but是连词，表示“但是”，表转折。故填but。 41．句意：他们看到了老虎、猴子、绵羊、大象、熊和长颈鹿。根据“They see tigers, monkeys,…, elephants, bears and giraffes.”可知，sheep表示“绵羊”符合语境，sheep的单复数同形，此处表示复数概念。故填sheep。 42．句意：然而，她不喜欢危险的熊。根据“she doesn’t like the…bears”可知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词bears。danger是名词，其形容词形式是dangerous，dangerous bears表示“危险的熊”。故填dangerous。 43．句意：它们用它们的鼻子拿食物。根据“They take food with…noses”可知，此处需要一个形容词性物主代词来修饰名词noses。they是主格，其形容词性物主代词是their，their noses表示“它们的鼻子”。故填their。 44．句意：她的妈妈告诉她这两只长颈鹿将要生一些宝宝了。根据“Her mother tells her that the two giraffes are going to have some…”可知，some表示“一些”，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。baby是可数名词，其复数形式是babies。故填babies。 45．句意：然后安娜给了长颈鹿一些树叶吃。根据“Then Anna gives the giraffes some tree leaves…”可知，此处用动词不定式to eat作目的状语，表示给长颈鹿树叶的目的是让它们吃。故填to eat。 46．C 47．A 48．B 49．E 50．D 【导语】本文对话A和Jim讨论本周五班级参观动物园的安排，包括各自喜欢的动物、动物园规则以及带相机拍照等事宜。 46．根据“A: My favorite animal is the penguin.”可知，此处是B询问A最喜欢的动物是什么，选项C“你最喜欢的动物是什么？”符合语境。故选C。 47．根据“A: Because they can swim at 5~10 km/h.”可知，此处是B询问A喜欢企鹅的原因，选项A“你为什么这么喜欢企鹅？”符合语境。故选A。 48．根据“B: Right. So we must keep it clean and stay quiet.”可知，此处是A在说动物园不能乱扔垃圾和制造噪音的规则，选项B不要乱扔垃圾或制造噪音。”符合语境。故选B。 49．根据“They only eat natural food.”可知，此处是A在说不能喂动物的规则，选项E“我们也不能喂养动物。”符合语境。故选E。 50．根据“Remember to bring your camera to the zoo this Friday.”可知，此处是A提议一起拍照，选项D“我们来拍些照片吧！”符合语境。故选D。 难点强化 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题所给的选项中，选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Animals are friends of humans. Sometimes animals can save 1 lives. I am in a busy neighborhood, and I live in a tall building. There are ten floors in the building and I live on the fourth floor. I have a neighbour (邻居). She is Grandma Li. She lives alone. She likes pets very much. She has a cute dog in 2 house. She loves it very much and the dog is also very friendly 3 her. It likes eating 4 . It is very quiet and seldom barks (吠). I visit Grandma Li 5 a week when I am free. Sometimes I play with 6 dog for a long time. It’s 10:00 now, I’m visiting Grandma Li as usual and 7 with the dog outside her house. Grandma Li is cooking in the kitchen. Suddenly (突然) the dog is barking loudly and rushing into the room. I’m thinking maybe there is something wrong in Grandma Li’s house, 8 I’m following it. I can see a lot of smoke (浓烟) coming out from the window of the kitchen. The house must be on fire (着火). I 9 call 119 and stop 10 dangerous happening. What a smart and helpful dog! 1．A．people B．peoples’ C．people’s 2．A．she’s B．hers C．her 3．A．to B．with C．for 4．A．meat and vegetable B．meats and vegetables C．meat and vegetables 5．A．two times B．twice C．three time 6．A．a B．an C．the 7．A．plays B．playing C．play 8．A．so B．but C．or 9．A．should B．mustn’t C．can’t 10．A．something B．everything C．anything 二、阅读理解 A From small ants to big whales, almost all animals need to sleep. And different animals have different ways to sleep. Some seabirds can sleep while they are flying. They can fly for many hours without moving their wings. A flamingo can sleep while standing on one leg. The standing leg always stays straight. The other leg stays close to its body. Horses often sleep while standing up. If a horse lies down, it needs a long time to get up. A horse can run away from danger more quickly if it is standing. And horses only need about three hours of sleep a day! Giraffes sleep about 30 minutes a day, and 5 minutes at a time. They put their heads on their bodies or on the ground when sleeping. What an amazing way! A dolphin sleeps with just half its head at a time. The other half must stay awake to take in air and to pay attention to danger. Dolphin mothers and babies can live without sleep for two months to stay safe. 11．Which animal moves while sleeping? A． B． C． D． 12．How many kinds of animals sleep while standing up in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 13．How do giraffes sleep? A．By standing on one leg. B．By keeping their necks straight. C．By putting their heads on the ground. D．By making legs close to their bodies. 14．Why do dolphins sleep with half their heads when they sleep? A．They have a large body. B．This helps them to sleep well. C．They need to notice the danger. D．It takes them a long time to go to sleep. 15．Where is the passage most probably from? A．A storybook. B．A travel guide. C．A history book. D．An animal report. B Many people think that it is good for an elderly (年老的) person to keep a pet. Elderly people may miss their friends and family who are no longer around. However, a kitten (a young cat) for an elderly person is not a good idea. Kittens are tiring. Elderly people, even those in the best of health, will have a lot of difficulties running after a kitten and, unluckily, kittens do need a lot of care. They need to be trained not to destroy homes and not to run up curtains (窗帘), and they need a lot of fun-time which an elderly person may not be able to give them. And an elderly person will not want to look for the cat. It needs much energy. ________________ But kittens can be really expensive. They need to be taken to the animal doctors for health checks, especially when they are young. Cat food is usually expensive, and their beds, toys and other things all cost much money. For an elderly person living on a pension (退休金), the cost can be more than they can afford. If an elderly person really wants an animal friend, an older cat would be a much better choice. Getting one from a cats’ home should make sure that it is already well trained. And with a little bit of care, it will live in a home with an elderly person. Elderly people should carefully think about anything that may lead to extra stress (压力). So think of other ways for them to live a better life. 16．What does the writer want to do in Paragraph 1? A．To advise the elderly not to miss their friends. B．To introduce the elderly to a pet gift. C．To correct a wrong idea. D．To keep a kitten as a pet. 17．What does the underlined word “them” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Kittens. B．Elderly people. C．Homes. D．Fun activities. 18．What’s the best sentence for “________________” in Paragraph 3? A．It is not cheap to care for a cat of any age. B．Training a kitten needs lots of patience. C．Different cats clearly have different needs. D．Kittens are often more popular than older cats. 19．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．The older cats grow, the more they cost. B．The cost of taking care of kittens is high. C．The health checks are useless when a kitten grows up. D．The elderly people can keep any kitten as a pet. 20．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．How to take care of the elderly. B．How to keep away from all cats. C．Older cats are a much better choice. D．Elderly people should learn to train cats. 三、短文填空 Lately, the capybara (水豚), a cute animal has become popular online. One of the main 21 (reason) is that people love its kind nature. A capybara looks similar 22 a large mouse. You may think capybaras are not popular. 23 , they always have lots of different animals around them. What makes capybaras so 24 (friend)? As the largest rodent animals (啮齿动物) in the world, capybaras have only a few enemies (敌人). For capybaras, hiding in the water is the best way 25 (keep) safe. If there is nothing 26 (danger), they might lie on the shore (岸边). Most of the time, they don’t have to worry about 27 (something). Capybaras also live 28 simple life. They usually eat plants and like 29 (stay) in the water comfortably. Capybaras are getting popular as friends of humans. More and more people around the world want to have a capybara. After all, no one 30 (dislike) a cute and kind friend. 四、补全对话 根据对话内容，从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两个为多余选项。 A: Hi, Laural Long time no see. How is it going these days? B: Not bad. 31 A: Are there any school rules? B: 32 I think the school rules are very important. A: Well, what do you usually do at weekends? B: I often play with my good friend Emma at weekends. A: Oh, I know her. 33 B: Sure. I like animals. A: 34 . B: Elephants. They are smart and never forget. A: I like them too. Where will we meet? B: 35 . A: OK. See you. A．Yes, there are. B．At the school gate (大门). C．What’s your favourite animal? D．I like my new school life in China. E．Do you have a good friend at school? F．How far is it from your home to school? G．Do you want to go to the zoo with me on Sunday? 参考答案 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者的一位邻居——李奶奶与她的宠物狗之间的故事。 1．句意：有时动物可以拯救人们的生命。 people人们；peoples’民族的；people’s人们的。根据“lives”可知，此处指动物可以拯救人们的生命，用所有格形式people’s。故选C。 2．句意：她家里有一只可爱的狗。 she’s她是，she is的缩写；hers她的（所有物）；her她的。根据“house”可知，应填形容词性物主代词her，修饰名词house。故选C。 3．句意：她非常喜欢它，这只狗对她也很友好。 to到；with具有；for为了。be friendly to sb“对某人友好”，是固定用法。故选A。 4．句意：它喜欢吃肉和蔬菜。 meat肉，是不可数名词；vegetable蔬菜，是可数名词。此处表示泛指，因此vegetable用其复数形式，meat为不可数名词，无复数形式。故选C。 5．句意：当我有空的时候，我一周去看望李奶奶两次。 two times两次；twice两次；three time语法错误。根据“a week”可知，此处表示频率“一周两次”，应用副词twice。故选B。 6．句意：有时我和狗玩很长时间。 a一，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，表泛指；an用于以元音音素开头的单词前，表泛指；the表特指。根据“Sometimes I play with... dog for a long time.”可知，此处特指李奶奶的狗。故选C。 7．句意：我像往常一样去看望李奶奶，并在她的房子外面和狗玩。 plays动词的第三人称单数形式；playing现在分词；play动词原形。根据“I’m visiting Grandma Li as usual and... with the dog outside her house.”可知，此处与visiting为并列结构，都在句子中作谓语，且本句为现在进行时。故选B。 8．句意：我在想李奶奶家可能出了什么问题，所以我跟着看。 so所以；but但是；or或者。“I’m thinking maybe there is something wrong in Grandma Li’s house,”和“I’m following it.”之间表示因果关系，因此用连词so。故选A。 9．句意：我应该打119来阻止危险的事情发生。 should应该；mustn’t禁止；can’t不可以。根据“The house must be on fire (着火).”可知，着火了应该拨打119。故选A。 10．句意：我应该打119来阻止危险的事情发生。 something某事；everything一切；anything任何事。根据“I... call 119 and stop... dangerous happening.”可知，本句为肯定句，应填something，表示“危险的事情”。故选A。 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了不同的动物有着不同的睡觉方式。 11．细节理解题。根据“Some seabirds can sleep while they are flying.”可知，海鸟可以在飞行中睡觉。故选A。 12．细节理解题。根据“A flamingo can sleep while standing on one leg.”及“Horses often sleep while standing up.”可知，红鹤和马可以站着睡觉。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据“Giraffes sleep about 30 minutes a day, and 5 minutes at a time. They put their heads on their bodies or on the ground when sleeping.”可知，长颈鹿把头靠在自己的身上或地上休息。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据“A dolphin sleeps with just half its head at a time. The other half must stay awake to take in air and to pay attention to danger.”可知，海豚睡觉的时候露出半个头是为了吸气和注意危险。故选C。 15．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了不同的动物有着不同的睡觉方式，因此最可能来自动物杂志。故选D。 16．C 17．A 18．A 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文讲述了老年人养宠物虽有益处，但选择幼猫作为宠物并不合适，因为幼猫需要大量精力照料且花费高昂，建议老年人选择训练成熟的成年猫作为更好的陪伴。 16．细节理解题。根据“Many people think that it is good for an elderly (年老的) person to keep a pet. However, a kitten (a young cat) for an elderly person is not a good idea.”可知，作者先陈述大众观点，即很多人认为老人养宠物好，随后通过“However”进行转折，指出小猫不适合老人饲养，意在纠正人们认为所有宠物都适合老人这一错误观念。故选C。 17．词句猜测题。根据“kittens do need a lot of care. They need to be trained not to destroy homes and not to run up curtains, and they need a lot of fun - time which an elderly person may not be able to give them”可知，前文一直在阐述小猫需要大量照顾，需要被训练等内容，所以此处“them”指代的是前文提到的 “kittens”，即小猫。故选A。 18．推理判断题。根据“But kittens can be really expensive. They need to be taken to the animal doctors for health checks, especially when they are young. Cat food is usually expensive, and their beds, toys and other things all cost much money”可知，后文详细说明了照顾小猫在健康检查、食物、用品等方面花费高昂，因此空白处应填入与照顾猫成本相关的句子，A 选项“照顾任何年龄的猫都不便宜”符合语境，能自然引出后文。故选A。 19．细节理解题。根据“kittens can be really expensive. They need to be taken to the animal doctors for health checks...Cat food is usually expensive, and their beds, toys and other things all cost much money”可知，文中从医疗检查、食物、用品等方面具体说明了照顾小猫的费用非常高，所以可以得出照顾小猫成本高昂的结论。故选B。 20．主旨大意题。根据“If an elderly person really wants an animal friend, an older cat would be a much better choice. Getting one from a cats’ home should make sure that it is already well trained. And with a little bit of care, it will live in a home with an elderly person”可知，该段开头便点明主旨，指出如果老人想养宠物，年长的猫是更好的选择，后文围绕年长的猫已受过训练、易于照顾等优点展开，进一步说明其适合老人饲养。故选C。 21．reasons 22．to 23．However 24．friendly 25．to keep 26．dangerous 27．anything 28．a 29．staying/to stay 30．dislikes 【导语】本文讲述了一种名叫水豚的小动物因其友善的天性而在网上走红，介绍了水豚的外貌、生活习性以及它为什么受欢迎。 21．句意：其中一个主要原因是人们喜欢它的友善性格。“one of+the+可数名词复数”表示 “……之一”，所以这里要用reason的复数形式reasons，故填reasons。 22．句意：水豚看起来像一只大老鼠。look similar to意为“看起来与……相似”，固定短语，故填to。 23．句意：然而，它们身边总是有各种各样的动物。根据“You may think capybaras are not popular.”和“they always have lots of different animals around them.”可知，空后和前面是转折关系，结合逗号可知，应用however，句首首字母大写，故填However。 24．句意：是什么让水豚如此友好？“make+sb./sth.+形容词”表示 “使某人/某物……”，这里表示“是什么让水豚如此友好呢”，friend的形容词形式friendly“友好的”符合语境，故填friendly。 25．句意：对于水豚来说，藏在水里是最安全的方法。空处应填动词不定式作后置定语，故填to keep。 26．句意：如果没有危险的东西，它们可能会躺在岸边。根据“If there is nothing…”可知，此处应用形容词作后置定语，修饰不定代词nothing，danger的形容词形式是dangerous，故填dangerous。 27．句意：多数时候，它们不需要担心任何事情。此句是否定句，应用anything替换something。故填anything。 28．句意：水豚过着简单的生活。此处表示泛指，simple以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 29．句意：它们通常吃植物，并且很喜欢舒服地待在水里。like doing sth./like to do sth.都表示“喜欢做某事”，故填staying/to stay。 30．句意：毕竟，没有人会不喜欢一个可爱友善的朋友。句子是一般现在时，主语是不定代词，动词用三单形式，dislike的三单形式是dislikes。故填dislikes。 31．D 32．A 33．G 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文是两人对话，主要谈论Laura在新学校的生活情况，并约定星期天去动物园。 31．根据上文的问句“How is it going these days?”和前一句“Not bad.”以及选项可知，此处应是继续补充对新学校生活的评价。D选项“我喜欢我在中国的新学校生活。”符合情景。故选D。 32．根据上文的问句“Are there any school rules?”和下一句“I think the school rules are very important.”以及选项可知，此处应是肯定的回答。A选项“是的，有。”符合情景。故选A。 33．根据下文的答句“Sure. I like animals.”以及选项可知，此处应是邀请对方去动物园。G选项“星期天你想和我一起去动物园吗？”符合情景。故选G。 34．根据下文的答句“Elephants. They are smart and never forget.”以及选项可知，此处应是询问对方最喜欢的动物是什么。C选项“你最喜欢的动物是什么？”符合情景。故选C。 35．根据上文的问句“Where will we meet?”以及选项可知，此处应是提出见面地点。B选项“在学校门口。”符合情景。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$