内容正文:
Unit 4 Meeting the muse
一、词汇清单
单词
1. quote n. 引文,引语
2. float v. 浮,漂
3. folk adj. 民间的,民俗的
4. tale n. 故事
5. motion n. 动,运动
6. compose v. 作(曲)
7. crouch v. 蹲下;蹲伏
8. ethnic adj. 民族的
9. abstract adj. 抽象的
10. inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的,启发灵感的
11. installation n. 现代雕塑装置
12. wire n. 电线;金属丝
13. innovative adj. 新颖的,创新的
14. trend n. 趋势,动向
15. contrast n. 反差,对比
16. literally adv. 根据字面意思
17. awe - inspiring adj. 令人钦佩的
18. trustworthy adj. 值得信任的;可靠的
19. empathy n. 同感;共情
20. jealous adj. 嫉妒的;羡慕的
21. serene adj. 平静的;宁静的;安详的
22. split vi./vt.分成;分裂 n. 分裂;裂缝
短语
1. set...in motion 使……开始
2. turn to (向某人)求助;注意;翻到(……页)
3. pass down 流传,世代相传
4. come to life 复活;变得活跃
5. so as to do 为了做……
6. go deeper into 深入
7. bring out 使显现;出版
8. serve as 充当
9. be tired from/with 因……而疲倦
10. light up 照亮;点燃;喜形于色
11. rather than 而不是
12. lead to 导致;造成(后果);通往
13. be unfamiliar with 对……不熟悉
14. express empathy for 对……表达同情
15. put yourself in one’s shoes 设身处地
16. count for 对……重要或有价值
熟词生义
• quote:常见义为“引文,引语”(n.),还可作动词,意为“引述”,如“He quoted Mr.Polay as saying that peace negotiations were already underway.”;也有“报价”之意,如“A travel agent quoted her $260 for a flight from Boston to New Jersey.”
句型
• What if... 句型:意为“倘若……将会怎样;即使……又有什么关系”,如“What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered?”
• Where引导的主语从句:“Where technology will take art next is anyone’s guess.”(技术下一步将把艺术带向何方,谁也说不准。)
• Not only...but also... 倒装句型:Not only位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,如“Not only can we interact with art,but also take part in its creation.”(我们不仅可以与艺术互动,还可以参与艺术创作。)
语法
• 倒装句:
◦ 部分倒装:否定词或半否定词(如not only, never, hardly, seldom等)位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,即将助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语前面。例如“Not only does he speak English fluently, but also he can write excellent articles in it.”(他不仅英语说得流利,还能写出很棒的英语文章。)
◦ 完全倒装:表示地点、时间、方向等的副词或介词短语(如here, there, in, out, up, down, away等)位于句首,且句子主语是名词时,句子要完全倒装。如“Here comes the bus.”(公交车来了。)
二、知识点精讲
1. quote /kwəʊt/
• 教材原句:She often quotes Shakespeare in her essays.(她经常在文章中引用莎士比亚的话。)
• 拓展:作动词,意为“引用;引述;举例说明;开价;报价”;作名词,意为“引文,引语;报价单” 。常见搭配有quote sb. as saying(引用某人的话说),quote sth. for sth.(为某物报价),in quotes(加引号)。名词形式quotation,意为“引用;引语;报价” 。
• 写作佳句:The professor quoted a famous scientist's words to support his theory in the lecture.(教授在讲座中引用了一位著名科学家的话来支持他的理论。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ The article starts with a _ (quote) from a well - known philosopher.(答案:)
◦ Can you quote me a price _ (for/of) the new car?(答案:)
◦ She was quoted _ (say) that she would retire next year.(答案:)
◦ The _ (quotation) of these shares on the stock market is very high.(答案:)
2. float /fləʊt/
• 教材原句:The boat floated gently on the lake.(小船在湖面上轻轻漂浮着。)
• 拓展:动词,意为“漂,浮;飘动;提出(想法或计划)” ;名词,意为“彩车;鱼漂;浮子;(学游泳用的)浮板;(商店的)备用零钱;(公司股票的)发行,上市” 。形容词形式为floating ,意为“浮动的;流动的;不固定的” 。常见搭配有float around(四处流传;经常出现),float on air(兴高采烈;得意扬扬) 。
• 写作佳句:Beautiful cherry blossoms floated down from the trees in the gentle breeze.(美丽的樱花在微风中从树上飘落下来。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ The _ (float) population in this city is increasing year by year.(答案:)
◦ Ideas were _ (float) around about how to solve the problem.(答案:)
◦ She felt as if she was floating _ (on/in) air when she heard the good news.(答案:)
◦ A balloon floated _ (across/through) the sky slowly.(答案:)
3. folk /fəʊk/
• 教材原句:We enjoyed some traditional folk music at the concert.(我们在音乐会上欣赏了一些传统民间音乐。)
• 拓展:作形容词,意为“民间的,民俗的;流传民间的;普通百姓的” ;作名词,意为“人们;各位;大伙儿;亲属;家属;民间音乐” 。常见搭配有folk tale(民间故事),folk music(民间音乐),folk art(民间艺术) 。
• 写作佳句:The museum has a large collection of folk handicrafts from different regions.(这个博物馆收藏了大量来自不同地区的民间手工艺品。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ The _ (folk) in the village are very friendly.(答案:)
◦ I'm interested in _ (folk) customs and traditions.(答案:)
◦ We listened to some _ (folk) songs last night.(答案:)
◦ My folks back home _ (be) looking forward to my visit.(答案:)
4. motion /ˈməʊʃn/
• 教材原句:The motion of the planets in the solar system follows certain laws.(太阳系中行星的运动遵循一定的规律。)
• 拓展:作名词,意为“动,运动;移动方式;示意动作,手势;提议,动议” ;作动词,意为“(以头或手)做动作示意” 。形容词形式为motionless ,意为“静止的,一动不动的” 。常见搭配有set...in motion(使……开始运动),in motion(在运动中),motion to sb. to do sth.(示意某人做某事) 。
• 写作佳句:The teacher made a motion for the students to be quiet.(老师示意学生们安静下来。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ The train was already in _ (motion) when he got on.(答案:)
◦ She motioned _ (to) me to sit down.(答案:)
◦ The _ (motionless) statue looked as if it was alive.(答案:)
◦ He made a motion that we _ (discuss) the problem at once.(答案:)
5. compose /kəmˈpəʊz/
• 教材原句:Beethoven composed many great musical works.(贝多芬创作了许多伟大的音乐作品。)
• 拓展:动词,意为“作(曲);撰写(信函、讲稿、诗歌等);组成,构成;为(绘画、照片或场景)构图” 。名词形式composer ,意为“作曲家” ;composition ,意为“作文;构成;作品;作曲;创作” 。常见搭配有be composed of(由……组成),compose oneself(使自己镇定) 。
• 写作佳句:The committee is composed of representatives from different fields.(这个委员会由来自不同领域的代表组成。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ The _ (compose) of this piece of music is a young man.(答案:)
◦ You should spend some time _ (compose) your thoughts before you start writing.(答案:)
◦ Water is composed _ hydrogen and oxygen.(答案:)
◦ His composition is well _ (write), but there are still some spelling mistakes.(答案:)
6. crouch /kraʊtʃ/
• 教材原句:The cat crouched behind the sofa, waiting to catch the mouse.(猫蹲在沙发后面,等着抓老鼠。)
• 拓展:动词,意为“蹲下,蹲伏;俯身贴近” ;名词,意为“蹲着的姿势” 。常见搭配有crouch down(蹲下,蹲伏),crouch over sb./sth.(俯身接近某人/某物) 。
• 写作佳句:The athlete crouched at the starting line, ready to dash forward at the sound of the gun.(运动员蹲在起跑线,准备听到枪响就向前冲。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ He was _ (crouch) behind a bush, trying not to be seen.(答案:)
◦ The little boy was in a _ (crouch), looking at the ants on the ground.(答案:)
◦ She crouched _ (down/over) the fire to keep warm.(答案:)
◦ The cat crouched, ready _ (pounce) on the bird.(答案:)
7. abstract /ˈæbstrækt/
• 教材原句:Abstract art is not easy for everyone to understand.(抽象艺术不是每个人都容易理解的。)
• 拓展:作形容词,意为“抽象(派)的;纯理论的;纯概念的;抽象的,无形的” ;作名词,意为“抽象派艺术作品;(文献等的)摘要,概要” ;作动词,意为“提取;抽取;使分离;写出(书等的)摘要” 。名词形式abstraction ,意为“抽象概念;心不在焉;出神;抽象手法,抽象艺术” ;abstracted ,意为“出神的;心不在焉的” 。常见搭配有in the abstract(抽象地,概括地) 。
• 写作佳句:The abstract painting expresses the artist's inner feelings and thoughts.(这幅抽象画表达了艺术家内心的感受和想法。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ Please write an _ (abstract) of this research paper.(答案:)
◦ He looked _ (abstract) as he stared out of the window.(答案:)
◦ We discussed the problem _ (in/on) the abstract, but we need to find practical solutions.(答案:)
◦ The concept of time is rather _ (abstract) for young children.(答案:)
8. innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/
• 教材原句:This company is known for its innovative products.(这家公司以其创新产品而闻名。)
• 拓展:形容词,意为“新颖的,创新的” 。动词形式innovate ,意为“创新,改革” ;名词形式innovation ,意为“革新,创新” 。
• 写作佳句:Innovative ideas are the driving force behind the development of society.(创新的想法是社会发展的动力。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ We should encourage young people to _ (innovation).(答案:)
◦ The _ (innovation) in technology has brought great changes to our lives.(答案:)
◦ His _ (innovative) thinking makes him stand out among his peers.(答案:)
◦ The company is always looking for new ways to promote _ (innovate).(答案:)
9. contrast /ˈkɒntrɑːst/
• 教材原句:There is a sharp contrast between his rich life and her poor one.(他富足的生活和她贫穷的生活形成了鲜明的对比。)
• 拓展:作名词,意为“反差,对比;比较物” ;作动词,意为“(使)对比;(使与……)对照” 。常见搭配有in contrast to/with(与……形成对照),by contrast(相比之下),contrast A with B(把A与B作比较) 。
• 写作佳句:In contrast to last year, the weather this summer is much cooler.(与去年相比,今年夏天的天气凉爽多了。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ The beautiful scenery here forms a sharp contrast _ the noisy city.(答案:)
◦ By _ (contrast), the second - hand car is much cheaper.(答案:)
◦ When you contrast the two books, you will find many differences.(同义句转换)
◦ When the two books _ (contrast), you will find many differences.(答案:)
◦ Her white dress made a contrast _ the dark background.(答案:)
10. distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/
• 教材原句:There is a distinct smell of coffee in the room.(房间里有一股明显的咖啡味。)
• 拓展:形容词,意为“清晰的;明显不同的” 。副词形式distinctly ,意为“清晰地,明显地” ;名词形式distinction ,意为“差别,区别;特征;优秀;名誉,名声” 。常见搭配有be distinct from(与……截然不同),make/draw a distinction between...and...(区分……和……之间的不同) 。
• 写作佳句:The twins have distinct personalities although they look alike.(这对双胞胎虽然长得很像,但性格截然不同。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ I can _ (distinct) remember what happened that day.(答案:)
◦ There is a clear _ (distinct) between right and wrong.(答案:)
◦ His voice was _ (distinct) from others in the crowd.(答案:)
◦ We should learn to make a distinction _ facts and opinions.(答案:)
三、语法清单
动词不定式、动名词和分词作表语
【感知·语法规律】
1. The best way to relax is to listen to music.(最好的放松方式是听音乐。)
2. Her job is looking after the old in the nursing home.(她的工作是在养老院照顾老人。)
3. The news is really exciting.(这个消息真令人兴奋。)
4. I was quite disappointed with the result of the exam.(我对考试结果非常失望。)
5. The aim of our project is to protect the endangered species in this area.(我们项目的目的是保护这个地区濒危物种。 )
【精讲·语法知识】
1. 动词不定式作表语
◦ 表示具体的动作或将来的行为:当句子主语是表示意向、打算、计划的词,如wish(愿望)、idea(想法)、task(任务)、purpose(目的)、duty(责任)、goal(目标)、aim(目标)、way(方式) ,或由what引导的主语从句时,不定式作表语常用来解释说明主语的内容。例如:My goal is to become a famous doctor.(我的目标是成为一名著名的医生。)What he wants to do is to travel around the world.(他想做的是环游世界。)
◦ 省略to的情况:当主语部分含有实义动词do(包括do的各种形式,如does、did、done),且往往有all、the first等表示“所有,唯一”概念的词语,或what引导的主语从句时,作表语的不定式可以省略to,也可以不省略 。例如:All you have to do now is (to) wait patiently.(你现在所要做的就是耐心等待。)The first thing for us to do is (to) find a place to live.(我们要做的第一件事是找个住的地方。)
◦ 用于某些系动词后:在seem(似乎)、appear(显得)、prove(证明是)、turn out(结果是)等系动词后,可接不定式(尤其是to be)作表语 。如:The plan seems to be practical.(这个计划似乎很实用。)It turned out to be a sunny day.(结果是个晴天。)
2. 动名词作表语
◦ 表示抽象的、一般性的行为:动名词作表语用于解释主语“是什么”,说明主语的具体内容,往往表示人的兴趣、爱好、习惯、工作、职业等 。动名词作表语时可以和主语互换位置,意思仍然通顺 。例如:My hobby is reading novels.(我的爱好是读小说。) 可以换成Reading novels is my hobby.
◦ 与不定式作表语的区别:动名词作表语通常表示抽象的、一般的行为;而不定式作表语多表示具体某次行为,特别是将来的行为,且往往跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起 。如:Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益,这里“swimming”是泛指游泳这项运动);To swim in this river tomorrow is a great idea.(明天在这条河里游泳是个好主意,“to swim”是具体到明天在这条河里游泳这一行为)
3. 分词作表语
◦ 现在分词作表语:现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征,意为“令人……的”,主语通常是物 。这类现在分词有surprising(令人惊讶的)、amazing(令人惊奇的)、interesting(有趣的)、boring(无聊的)、tiring(累人的)、satisfying(令人满意的)、disappointing(令人失望的)等 。例如:The story he told is very interesting.(他讲的故事很有趣。)
◦ 过去分词作表语:过去分词作表语表示主语的状态或感受,意为“感到……的”,主语通常是人 。常见的有surprised(感到惊讶的)、amazed(感到惊奇的)、interested(感兴趣的)、bored(感到厌烦的)、tired(感到疲惫的)、satisfied(感到满意的)、disappointed(感到失望的)等 。例如:I am very interested in the movie.(我对这部电影很感兴趣。)
【经典练】
1. My dream is ________ (become) a successful entrepreneur.(答案:)
2. The most important thing now is ________ (find) a solution to the problem.(答案:)
3. Her hobby is ________ (collect) stamps.(答案:)
4. The lecture was so ________ (boring) that many students fell asleep.(答案:)
5. I was ________ (shocked) by the sudden news.(答案:)
6. The task for today is ________ (clean) the classroom thoroughly.(答案:)
7. What he said is really ________ (convincing).(答案:)
8. My job is ________ (teach) English in a middle school.(答案:)
9. The result of the experiment was ________ (disappointing).(答案:)
10. The children were ________ (excited) about going to the amusement park.(答案:)
四、写作清单
【点拨·写作技巧】
本单元写作类型主要是邀请信,用于邀请他人参加与艺术相关的活动,比如艺术展览、艺术节开幕式、艺术讲座等。通过清晰准确且热情的语言,向受邀者传达活动的关键信息,并表达期待对方出席的诚挚愿望 。
1. 结构清晰严谨:采用三段式结构。开头开门见山,表明写信目的是发出邀请,如“I am writing to cordially invite you to...” 。中间段落详细介绍活动相关内容,包括时间(精确到具体日期、时刻,如“The activity will be held on next Sunday, starting at 9:00 am and ending at 5:00 pm” )、地点(具体地址,“It will take place at the City Art Museum, No. 123, Main Street” )、活动内容(列举特色项目,“There will be a variety of artworks on display, such as paintings, sculptures and handicrafts” )以及活动意义(“This event aims to promote cultural exchange and enhance our understanding of art” ) 。结尾再次表达期待,恳请对方回复,如“Looking forward to your presence. Please reply to confirm your attendance at your earliest convenience” 。
2. 语言正式礼貌:用词准确恰当,避免口语化和随意性。使用正式词汇,如“invite(邀请)”“attend(参加)”“appreciate(感激)”“honor(荣幸)” 等。语句表达客气委婉,例如,“We would be greatly honored if you could join us” 比“We want you to come” 更显礼貌。
3. 内容完整准确:全面涵盖活动关键信息,确保受邀者能充分了解。仔细核对时间、地点等细节,避免错误或模糊表述。如时间不能只说“next week” ,要说清“next Monday, July 10th” ;地点除了场馆名,最好加上具体街道地址。
4. 表达热情诚恳:在行文中自然融入热情的表述,让受邀者感受到真诚。比如,“The unique artworks and wonderful atmosphere are definitely worth your visit” ,强调活动的吸引力,激发对方兴趣 。
【积累·写作素材】
1. 词汇:
◦ 活动相关:exhibition(展览)、festival(节日;庆典)、ceremony(仪式)、concert(音乐会)、workshop(研讨会;工作坊)、seminar(学术研讨会)、show(展示;表演)、display(展览;陈列)。
◦ 艺术类型:painting(绘画)、sculpture(雕塑)、calligraphy(书法)、photography(摄影)、handicraft(手工艺品)、drama(戏剧)、dance(舞蹈)、music(音乐)、literature(文学)。
◦ 情感态度:cordially(诚挚地)、sincerely(真诚地)、eagerly(热切地)、honored(荣幸的)、delighted(高兴的)、enthusiastic(热情的)。
2. 短语:
◦ 邀请相关:invite sb. to do sth.(邀请某人做某事)、extend an invitation to sb.(向某人发出邀请)、look forward to one's presence(期待某人的出席)、await one's reply(等待某人的回复)。
◦ 活动描述:take place(举行)、be held(被举办)、feature sth.(以……为特色)、on display/show(展览;展出)、a variety of(各种各样的)、a wide range of(广泛的)、be aimed at(旨在)、provide an opportunity for(为……提供机会)。
3. 句式:
◦ 开头句式:
◦ I am writing to invite you to...(我写信是为了邀请你……)
◦ I would like to extend a warm invitation to you to...(我想向你发出热情的邀请……)
◦ It is with great pleasure that I invite you to...(我非常荣幸地邀请你……)
◦ 中间句式:
◦ The event will be held on... at...(活动将于……在……举行)
◦ During the activity, you will have the opportunity to...(在活动期间,你将有机会……)
◦ The highlight of the event is...(活动的亮点是……)
◦ This activity aims to... and it will surely...(这项活动旨在……,它一定会……)
◦ 结尾句式:
◦ We sincerely hope that you can join us.(我们真诚地希望你能加入我们。)
◦ Your presence will definitely add luster to the event.(你的出席一定会为活动增光添彩。)
◦ Please let me know your decision at your earliest convenience.(请尽早告知我你的决定。)
【示例·分步写作】
假定你是李华,你校将举办一场中国传统艺术展。请给你的英国朋友David写一封邀请信,内容包括:
1. 展览的时间、地点;
2. 展览的内容(如剪纸、国画、传统手工艺品等);
3. 期待他的到来。
注意:1. 词数80左右;2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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Unit 4 Meeting the muse
一、词汇清单
单词
1. quote n. 引文,引语
2. float v. 浮,漂
3. folk adj. 民间的,民俗的
4. tale n. 故事
5. motion n. 动,运动
6. compose v. 作(曲)
7. crouch v. 蹲下;蹲伏
8. ethnic adj. 民族的
9. abstract adj. 抽象的
10. inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的,启发灵感的
11. installation n. 现代雕塑装置
12. wire n. 电线;金属丝
13. innovative adj. 新颖的,创新的
14. trend n. 趋势,动向
15. contrast n. 反差,对比
16. literally adv. 根据字面意思
17. awe - inspiring adj. 令人钦佩的
18. trustworthy adj. 值得信任的;可靠的
19. empathy n. 同感;共情
20. jealous adj. 嫉妒的;羡慕的
21. serene adj. 平静的;宁静的;安详的
22. split vi./vt.分成;分裂 n. 分裂;裂缝
短语
1. set...in motion 使……开始
2. turn to (向某人)求助;注意;翻到(……页)
3. pass down 流传,世代相传
4. come to life 复活;变得活跃
5. so as to do 为了做……
6. go deeper into 深入
7. bring out 使显现;出版
8. serve as 充当
9. be tired from/with 因……而疲倦
10. light up 照亮;点燃;喜形于色
11. rather than 而不是
12. lead to 导致;造成(后果);通往
13. be unfamiliar with 对……不熟悉
14. express empathy for 对……表达同情
15. put yourself in one’s shoes 设身处地
16. count for 对……重要或有价值
熟词生义
• quote:常见义为“引文,引语”(n.),还可作动词,意为“引述”,如“He quoted Mr.Polay as saying that peace negotiations were already underway.”;也有“报价”之意,如“A travel agent quoted her $260 for a flight from Boston to New Jersey.”
句型
• What if... 句型:意为“倘若……将会怎样;即使……又有什么关系”,如“What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered?”
• Where引导的主语从句:“Where technology will take art next is anyone’s guess.”(技术下一步将把艺术带向何方,谁也说不准。)
• Not only...but also... 倒装句型:Not only位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,如“Not only can we interact with art,but also take part in its creation.”(我们不仅可以与艺术互动,还可以参与艺术创作。)
语法
• 倒装句:
◦ 部分倒装:否定词或半否定词(如not only, never, hardly, seldom等)位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,即将助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语前面。例如“Not only does he speak English fluently, but also he can write excellent articles in it.”(他不仅英语说得流利,还能写出很棒的英语文章。)
◦ 完全倒装:表示地点、时间、方向等的副词或介词短语(如here, there, in, out, up, down, away等)位于句首,且句子主语是名词时,句子要完全倒装。如“Here comes the bus.”(公交车来了。)
二、知识点精讲
1. quote /kwəʊt/
• 教材原句:She often quotes Shakespeare in her essays.(她经常在文章中引用莎士比亚的话。)
• 拓展:作动词,意为“引用;引述;举例说明;开价;报价”;作名词,意为“引文,引语;报价单” 。常见搭配有quote sb. as saying(引用某人的话说),quote sth. for sth.(为某物报价),in quotes(加引号)。名词形式quotation,意为“引用;引语;报价” 。
• 写作佳句:The professor quoted a famous scientist's words to support his theory in the lecture.(教授在讲座中引用了一位著名科学家的话来支持他的理论。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ The article starts with a _ (quote) from a well - known philosopher.(答案:)
◦ Can you quote me a price _ (for/of) the new car?(答案:)
◦ She was quoted _ (say) that she would retire next year.(答案:)
◦ The _ (quotation) of these shares on the stock market is very high.(答案:)
答案:quote for as saying quotation
2. float /fləʊt/
• 教材原句:The boat floated gently on the lake.(小船在湖面上轻轻漂浮着。)
• 拓展:动词,意为“漂,浮;飘动;提出(想法或计划)” ;名词,意为“彩车;鱼漂;浮子;(学游泳用的)浮板;(商店的)备用零钱;(公司股票的)发行,上市” 。形容词形式为floating ,意为“浮动的;流动的;不固定的” 。常见搭配有float around(四处流传;经常出现),float on air(兴高采烈;得意扬扬) 。
• 写作佳句:Beautiful cherry blossoms floated down from the trees in the gentle breeze.(美丽的樱花在微风中从树上飘落下来。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ The _ (float) population in this city is increasing year by year.(答案:)
◦ Ideas were _ (float) around about how to solve the problem.(答案:)
◦ She felt as if she was floating _ (on/in) air when she heard the good news.(答案:)
◦ A balloon floated _ (across/through) the sky slowly.(答案:)
答案:floating floating on across
3. folk /fəʊk/
• 教材原句:We enjoyed some traditional folk music at the concert.(我们在音乐会上欣赏了一些传统民间音乐。)
• 拓展:作形容词,意为“民间的,民俗的;流传民间的;普通百姓的” ;作名词,意为“人们;各位;大伙儿;亲属;家属;民间音乐” 。常见搭配有folk tale(民间故事),folk music(民间音乐),folk art(民间艺术) 。
• 写作佳句:The museum has a large collection of folk handicrafts from different regions.(这个博物馆收藏了大量来自不同地区的民间手工艺品。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ The _ (folk) in the village are very friendly.(答案:)
◦ I'm interested in _ (folk) customs and traditions.(答案:)
◦ We listened to some _ (folk) songs last night.(答案:)
◦ My folks back home _ (be) looking forward to my visit.(答案:)
答案:folks folk folk are
4. motion /ˈməʊʃn/
• 教材原句:The motion of the planets in the solar system follows certain laws.(太阳系中行星的运动遵循一定的规律。)
• 拓展:作名词,意为“动,运动;移动方式;示意动作,手势;提议,动议” ;作动词,意为“(以头或手)做动作示意” 。形容词形式为motionless ,意为“静止的,一动不动的” 。常见搭配有set...in motion(使……开始运动),in motion(在运动中),motion to sb. to do sth.(示意某人做某事) 。
• 写作佳句:The teacher made a motion for the students to be quiet.(老师示意学生们安静下来。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ The train was already in _ (motion) when he got on.(答案:)
◦ She motioned _ (to) me to sit down.(答案:)
◦ The _ (motionless) statue looked as if it was alive.(答案:)
◦ He made a motion that we _ (discuss) the problem at once.(答案:)
答案:motion to motionless (should) discuss
5. compose /kəmˈpəʊz/
• 教材原句:Beethoven composed many great musical works.(贝多芬创作了许多伟大的音乐作品。)
• 拓展:动词,意为“作(曲);撰写(信函、讲稿、诗歌等);组成,构成;为(绘画、照片或场景)构图” 。名词形式composer ,意为“作曲家” ;composition ,意为“作文;构成;作品;作曲;创作” 。常见搭配有be composed of(由……组成),compose oneself(使自己镇定) 。
• 写作佳句:The committee is composed of representatives from different fields.(这个委员会由来自不同领域的代表组成。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ The _ (compose) of this piece of music is a young man.(答案:)
◦ You should spend some time _ (compose) your thoughts before you start writing.(答案:)
◦ Water is composed _ hydrogen and oxygen.(答案:)
◦ His composition is well _ (write), but there are still some spelling mistakes.(答案:)
答案:composer composing of written
6. crouch /kraʊtʃ/
• 教材原句:The cat crouched behind the sofa, waiting to catch the mouse.(猫蹲在沙发后面,等着抓老鼠。)
• 拓展:动词,意为“蹲下,蹲伏;俯身贴近” ;名词,意为“蹲着的姿势” 。常见搭配有crouch down(蹲下,蹲伏),crouch over sb./sth.(俯身接近某人/某物) 。
• 写作佳句:The athlete crouched at the starting line, ready to dash forward at the sound of the gun.(运动员蹲在起跑线,准备听到枪响就向前冲。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ He was _ (crouch) behind a bush, trying not to be seen.(答案:)
◦ The little boy was in a _ (crouch), looking at the ants on the ground.(答案:)
◦ She crouched _ (down/over) the fire to keep warm.(答案:)
◦ The cat crouched, ready _ (pounce) on the bird.(答案:)
答案:crouching crouch down/over to pounce
7. abstract /ˈæbstrækt/
• 教材原句:Abstract art is not easy for everyone to understand.(抽象艺术不是每个人都容易理解的。)
• 拓展:作形容词,意为“抽象(派)的;纯理论的;纯概念的;抽象的,无形的” ;作名词,意为“抽象派艺术作品;(文献等的)摘要,概要” ;作动词,意为“提取;抽取;使分离;写出(书等的)摘要” 。名词形式abstraction ,意为“抽象概念;心不在焉;出神;抽象手法,抽象艺术” ;abstracted ,意为“出神的;心不在焉的” 。常见搭配有in the abstract(抽象地,概括地) 。
• 写作佳句:The abstract painting expresses the artist's inner feelings and thoughts.(这幅抽象画表达了艺术家内心的感受和想法。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ Please write an _ (abstract) of this research paper.(答案:)
◦ He looked _ (abstract) as he stared out of the window.(答案:)
◦ We discussed the problem _ (in/on) the abstract, but we need to find practical solutions.(答案:)
◦ The concept of time is rather _ (abstract) for young children.(答案:)
答案:abstract abstracted in abstract
8. innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/
• 教材原句:This company is known for its innovative products.(这家公司以其创新产品而闻名。)
• 拓展:形容词,意为“新颖的,创新的” 。动词形式innovate ,意为“创新,改革” ;名词形式innovation ,意为“革新,创新” 。
• 写作佳句:Innovative ideas are the driving force behind the development of society.(创新的想法是社会发展的动力。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ We should encourage young people to _ (innovation).(答案:)
◦ The _ (innovation) in technology has brought great changes to our lives.(答案:)
◦ His _ (innovative) thinking makes him stand out among his peers.(答案:)
◦ The company is always looking for new ways to promote _ (innovate).(答案:)
答案:innovate innovation innovative innovation
9. contrast /ˈkɒntrɑːst/
• 教材原句:There is a sharp contrast between his rich life and her poor one.(他富足的生活和她贫穷的生活形成了鲜明的对比。)
• 拓展:作名词,意为“反差,对比;比较物” ;作动词,意为“(使)对比;(使与……)对照” 。常见搭配有in contrast to/with(与……形成对照),by contrast(相比之下),contrast A with B(把A与B作比较) 。
• 写作佳句:In contrast to last year, the weather this summer is much cooler.(与去年相比,今年夏天的天气凉爽多了。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ The beautiful scenery here forms a sharp contrast _ the noisy city.(答案:)
◦ By _ (contrast), the second - hand car is much cheaper.(答案:)
◦ When you contrast the two books, you will find many differences.(同义句转换)
◦ When the two books _ (contrast), you will find many differences.(答案:)
◦ Her white dress made a contrast _ the dark background.(答案:)
答案:with/to contrast are contrasted with
10. distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/
• 教材原句:There is a distinct smell of coffee in the room.(房间里有一股明显的咖啡味。)
• 拓展:形容词,意为“清晰的;明显不同的” 。副词形式distinctly ,意为“清晰地,明显地” ;名词形式distinction ,意为“差别,区别;特征;优秀;名誉,名声” 。常见搭配有be distinct from(与……截然不同),make/draw a distinction between...and...(区分……和……之间的不同) 。
• 写作佳句:The twins have distinct personalities although they look alike.(这对双胞胎虽然长得很像,但性格截然不同。)
• 单句语法填空
◦ I can _ (distinct) remember what happened that day.(答案:)
◦ There is a clear _ (distinct) between right and wrong.(答案:)
◦ His voice was _ (distinct) from others in the crowd.(答案:)
◦ We should learn to make a distinction _ facts and opinions.(答案:)
答案:distinctly distinction distinct between
三、语法清单
动词不定式、动名词和分词作表语
【感知·语法规律】
1. The best way to relax is to listen to music.(最好的放松方式是听音乐。)
2. Her job is looking after the old in the nursing home.(她的工作是在养老院照顾老人。)
3. The news is really exciting.(这个消息真令人兴奋。)
4. I was quite disappointed with the result of the exam.(我对考试结果非常失望。)
5. The aim of our project is to protect the endangered species in this area.(我们项目的目的是保护这个地区濒危物种。 )
【精讲·语法知识】
1. 动词不定式作表语
◦ 表示具体的动作或将来的行为:当句子主语是表示意向、打算、计划的词,如wish(愿望)、idea(想法)、task(任务)、purpose(目的)、duty(责任)、goal(目标)、aim(目标)、way(方式) ,或由what引导的主语从句时,不定式作表语常用来解释说明主语的内容。例如:My goal is to become a famous doctor.(我的目标是成为一名著名的医生。)What he wants to do is to travel around the world.(他想做的是环游世界。)
◦ 省略to的情况:当主语部分含有实义动词do(包括do的各种形式,如does、did、done),且往往有all、the first等表示“所有,唯一”概念的词语,或what引导的主语从句时,作表语的不定式可以省略to,也可以不省略 。例如:All you have to do now is (to) wait patiently.(你现在所要做的就是耐心等待。)The first thing for us to do is (to) find a place to live.(我们要做的第一件事是找个住的地方。)
◦ 用于某些系动词后:在seem(似乎)、appear(显得)、prove(证明是)、turn out(结果是)等系动词后,可接不定式(尤其是to be)作表语 。如:The plan seems to be practical.(这个计划似乎很实用。)It turned out to be a sunny day.(结果是个晴天。)
2. 动名词作表语
◦ 表示抽象的、一般性的行为:动名词作表语用于解释主语“是什么”,说明主语的具体内容,往往表示人的兴趣、爱好、习惯、工作、职业等 。动名词作表语时可以和主语互换位置,意思仍然通顺 。例如:My hobby is reading novels.(我的爱好是读小说。) 可以换成Reading novels is my hobby.
◦ 与不定式作表语的区别:动名词作表语通常表示抽象的、一般的行为;而不定式作表语多表示具体某次行为,特别是将来的行为,且往往跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起 。如:Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益,这里“swimming”是泛指游泳这项运动);To swim in this river tomorrow is a great idea.(明天在这条河里游泳是个好主意,“to swim”是具体到明天在这条河里游泳这一行为)
3. 分词作表语
◦ 现在分词作表语:现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征,意为“令人……的”,主语通常是物 。这类现在分词有surprising(令人惊讶的)、amazing(令人惊奇的)、interesting(有趣的)、boring(无聊的)、tiring(累人的)、satisfying(令人满意的)、disappointing(令人失望的)等 。例如:The story he told is very interesting.(他讲的故事很有趣。)
◦ 过去分词作表语:过去分词作表语表示主语的状态或感受,意为“感到……的”,主语通常是人 。常见的有surprised(感到惊讶的)、amazed(感到惊奇的)、interested(感兴趣的)、bored(感到厌烦的)、tired(感到疲惫的)、satisfied(感到满意的)、disappointed(感到失望的)等 。例如:I am very interested in the movie.(我对这部电影很感兴趣。)
【经典练】
1. My dream is ________ (become) a successful entrepreneur.(答案:)
2. The most important thing now is ________ (find) a solution to the problem.(答案:)
3. Her hobby is ________ (collect) stamps.(答案:)
4. The lecture was so ________ (boring) that many students fell asleep.(答案:)
5. I was ________ (shocked) by the sudden news.(答案:)
6. The task for today is ________ (clean) the classroom thoroughly.(答案:)
7. What he said is really ________ (convincing).(答案:)
8. My job is ________ (teach) English in a middle school.(答案:)
9. The result of the experiment was ________ (disappointing).(答案:)
10. The children were ________ (excited) about going to the amusement park.(答案:)
答案:to become to find collecting boring shocked to clean convincing teaching disappointing excited
四、写作清单
【点拨·写作技巧】
本单元写作类型主要是邀请信,用于邀请他人参加与艺术相关的活动,比如艺术展览、艺术节开幕式、艺术讲座等。通过清晰准确且热情的语言,向受邀者传达活动的关键信息,并表达期待对方出席的诚挚愿望 。
1. 结构清晰严谨:采用三段式结构。开头开门见山,表明写信目的是发出邀请,如“I am writing to cordially invite you to...” 。中间段落详细介绍活动相关内容,包括时间(精确到具体日期、时刻,如“The activity will be held on next Sunday, starting at 9:00 am and ending at 5:00 pm” )、地点(具体地址,“It will take place at the City Art Museum, No. 123, Main Street” )、活动内容(列举特色项目,“There will be a variety of artworks on display, such as paintings, sculptures and handicrafts” )以及活动意义(“This event aims to promote cultural exchange and enhance our understanding of art” ) 。结尾再次表达期待,恳请对方回复,如“Looking forward to your presence. Please reply to confirm your attendance at your earliest convenience” 。
2. 语言正式礼貌:用词准确恰当,避免口语化和随意性。使用正式词汇,如“invite(邀请)”“attend(参加)”“appreciate(感激)”“honor(荣幸)” 等。语句表达客气委婉,例如,“We would be greatly honored if you could join us” 比“We want you to come” 更显礼貌。
3. 内容完整准确:全面涵盖活动关键信息,确保受邀者能充分了解。仔细核对时间、地点等细节,避免错误或模糊表述。如时间不能只说“next week” ,要说清“next Monday, July 10th” ;地点除了场馆名,最好加上具体街道地址。
4. 表达热情诚恳:在行文中自然融入热情的表述,让受邀者感受到真诚。比如,“The unique artworks and wonderful atmosphere are definitely worth your visit” ,强调活动的吸引力,激发对方兴趣 。
【积累·写作素材】
1. 词汇:
◦ 活动相关:exhibition(展览)、festival(节日;庆典)、ceremony(仪式)、concert(音乐会)、workshop(研讨会;工作坊)、seminar(学术研讨会)、show(展示;表演)、display(展览;陈列)。
◦ 艺术类型:painting(绘画)、sculpture(雕塑)、calligraphy(书法)、photography(摄影)、handicraft(手工艺品)、drama(戏剧)、dance(舞蹈)、music(音乐)、literature(文学)。
◦ 情感态度:cordially(诚挚地)、sincerely(真诚地)、eagerly(热切地)、honored(荣幸的)、delighted(高兴的)、enthusiastic(热情的)。
2. 短语:
◦ 邀请相关:invite sb. to do sth.(邀请某人做某事)、extend an invitation to sb.(向某人发出邀请)、look forward to one's presence(期待某人的出席)、await one's reply(等待某人的回复)。
◦ 活动描述:take place(举行)、be held(被举办)、feature sth.(以……为特色)、on display/show(展览;展出)、a variety of(各种各样的)、a wide range of(广泛的)、be aimed at(旨在)、provide an opportunity for(为……提供机会)。
3. 句式:
◦ 开头句式:
◦ I am writing to invite you to...(我写信是为了邀请你……)
◦ I would like to extend a warm invitation to you to...(我想向你发出热情的邀请……)
◦ It is with great pleasure that I invite you to...(我非常荣幸地邀请你……)
◦ 中间句式:
◦ The event will be held on... at...(活动将于……在……举行)
◦ During the activity, you will have the opportunity to...(在活动期间,你将有机会……)
◦ The highlight of the event is...(活动的亮点是……)
◦ This activity aims to... and it will surely...(这项活动旨在……,它一定会……)
◦ 结尾句式:
◦ We sincerely hope that you can join us.(我们真诚地希望你能加入我们。)
◦ Your presence will definitely add luster to the event.(你的出席一定会为活动增光添彩。)
◦ Please let me know your decision at your earliest convenience.(请尽早告知我你的决定。)
【示例·分步写作】
假定你是李华,你校将举办一场中国传统艺术展。请给你的英国朋友David写一封邀请信,内容包括:
1. 展览的时间、地点;
2. 展览的内容(如剪纸、国画、传统手工艺品等);
3. 期待他的到来。
注意:1. 词数80左右;2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
答案:
写作思路:
1. 开头:表明写信目的,向David发出参加中国传统艺术展的邀请。
2. 中间:依次介绍展览的时间、地点和丰富的展览内容,突出中国传统艺术的特色。
3. 结尾:表达对David到来的热切期待。
参考范文
Dear David,
I am writing to cordially invite you to the upcoming Chinese Traditional Art Exhibition in our school.
It will be held in the school auditorium from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm next Saturday. A wide range of traditional artworks will be on display, such as delicate paper - cuttings, elegant Chinese paintings and unique handicrafts.
I am eager to share the charm of Chinese traditional art with you. Looking forward to your visit.
Best regards,
Li Hua
详解:
1. 结构完整:采用三段式结构,开头点明邀请目的,中间阐述展览时间、地点和内容,结尾表达期待,层次分明。
2. 要点齐全:涵盖题目要求的所有要点,准确介绍了展览的时间“from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm next Saturday” 、地点“in the school auditorium” 以及丰富的展览内容“paper - cuttings”“Chinese paintings”“handicrafts” 。
3. 语言运用:运用了“cordially invite”“a wide range of”“on display”“eager to”“looking forward to” 等短语,以及“I am writing to...”“It will be held...” 等常见句式,语言表达准确、自然,符合邀请信的语言风格。
4. 内容连贯:各段落之间过渡自然,通过合理的表述将各个要点串联起来,使文章逻辑清晰,连贯性强 。
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