Unit 1 Back to school（复习课件）英语译林版2020必修第一册

Unit 1 Back to school 复习课件 高一·英语 译林版2020 必修第一册 学习内容导览 单元知识图谱 2 学习目标 1 3 重点单词 单元语法 6 重点句型 5 7 主题写作 4 重点短语 8 课堂巩固 2 学习目标 By the end of this unit, we will be able to: 1. learn about the structure and language of formal English speeches； 2. understand basic sentence patterns and analyze sentence elements; 3. use key words and useful expressions for reading and writing; 4. grasp other basic language skills for Gaokao English. 3 单元知识图谱 Back to school Phrases Key words Grammar Writing potential, senior, path, challenge, thinking, positive, opportunity, acquire, effort, advance, amazing, confidence, resource, facility, equal, attitude, goal, balance, improve, well-rounded, individual, character, responsible, junior, forward, independent, focus, detail, tip, base, remind, proposal, aim, style, technique, workshop, professional, material, poster, secondary, exchange, host, biology, tough, alarm, contribution, fortunately, option, butter, pudding, attract, rugby, calligraphy lie in, rise to, make a difference, make the most of, take advantage of, last but not least, look forward to, as a result of, stick to, over time, can’t wait to do, take part in, realize your potential, make efforts to do sth, set a goal, be confident about, put simply, have no option but to do, put sth. together, make a contribution to, be laid out neatly and beautifully, practise writing calligraphy, put on a calligraphy show Sentence elements & sentence structures Talk about school life 4 单词 词性及中文意义 potential n. 潜力;可能性. adj. 潜在的,可能的 senior adj. 中学的(招收11或13岁以上学生); 级别高的; 高级水平的; 老年的. n. 级别(或地位)较高者; 较…年长的人; 高水平运动员 challenge n. & vt. 挑战; 质疑 thinking n. 思维, 思想; 想法 positive adj. 积极乐观的; 良好的, 正面的 opportunity n. 机会, 时机 acquire vt. 获得, 得到 effort n. 努力, 费力的事; 试图 advance n. 进步, 进展; 前进, 行进. vt. & vi. 发展, 进步 重点单词·会认 5 重点单词·能背 单词 词性及中文意义 amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的,令人惊喜的 confidence n. 信心,信任把握 facility n. 设施,设备;场所 equal adj. 相同的,相等的,平等的; 相当的,能胜任的. n. 同等的 人(物). vt. 与……相等;比得上 balance vt. 同等重视;(使)保持平衡; 权衡重要性. n. 均衡,平衡;平衡能力 improve vt. & vi. 改进,改善 individual n. 个人. adj. 单独的,个别的 character n. 品质,性格; 特点; 人物,角色; 文字 responsible adj. 有责任,负责;可靠的 6 重点单词·能背 单词 词性及中文意义 independent adj. 自主的, 有主见的; 自立的 focus n. 焦点, 重点. vi. & vt. 集中 detail n. 细节; 具体情况 tip n. 指点, 实用的提示; 尖端; 小费 base vt. 以……为基础 (依据); n. 根据; 基础; 基底; 总部, 大本营 proposal n. 提议, 建议, 动议 aim n. 目的,目标. vi. & vt. 力争做到;目的是;针对 technique n. 技巧,技艺;技能 professional adj. 职业的,专业的; 有职业的; 娴熟的, 精通业务的. n. 专门人员,专业人士 7 重点单词·能背 单词 词性及中文意义 material n. 材料;素材. adj. 物质的,实际的;客观存在的 exchange n. & vt. 交换;交流;兑换 tough adj. 艰难的,严厉的,坚强的;坚固的 alarm n. 闹钟,恐慌,警报;警报器. vt. 使惊恐,使害怕 contribution n. 贡献;捐款;捐赠 fortunately adj. 幸运地,幸亏 option n. 可选择的事物,选择;选修课 attract vt. 吸引,使喜爱;招引;引起(反应) calligraphy n. 书法,书法艺术 8 学以致用·听写 Unlocking Potential in Senior Year Senior year is both a challenge and an opportunity to improve oneself. For me, mastering calligraphy became a way to balance academics and creativity. Though the tough strokes required great effort, each detail refined my technique. My teacher’s tip — focus on positive thinking — helped me stay confident and acquire  new skills. The school’s art  facility  provided  professional  guidance, and peer  exchange  of  material enriched my progress. I learned that independent practice and teamwork are equal in value. A proposal to host a workshop became my aim, attracting interest in this amazing art. Fortunately, the alarm of deadlines taught me to be responsible. Every individual’s  contribution mattered, based on shared goals. Through this journey, I not only bettered my character but also realized my potential. With advance planning, even the hardest options can lead to growth. 9 重点单词·用准 thinking n.思维,思想;想法→ vi. 想,思考,认为,以为→ ______ n. 思想, 想法,观念,思考,思索→ _______ n. 思想家 → _________ adj. 可想象的(反义:不可思议的 _________) →_________ 智囊团 2. acquire vt.获得,得到 → n. 获得,得到,习得→_________ n. 收购者,受让人→_________ 3. advance n. 进步,进展;前进,行进. vt.&vi. 发展,进步 → adj. 先进的,高级的→ ________ adj.年事渐高的→__________ n. 进步,进展 _________ n.推进器 4. amaze vt. 使大为惊奇,使惊愕(=astonish)→ adj. 令人大为惊奇的,令人惊喜的→______ adj.大为惊奇的,惊讶的→n. ________吃惊,惊奇 think thought thinker acquisition thinkable unthinkable think tank acquisitive acquirer adj. 贪得无厌的 advanced advancing advancement amazing amazed amazement advancer 10 5. equal adj. 相同的,相等的,平等的;相当的,能胜任的. n. 同等的人(物). vt. 与…相等;比得上 → adv.相同地,相等地,平等地→ vt.使相等；使平等 → n.平等→________ n.不平等 6. improve vt. & vi. 改进,改善 → ___________ n.改进,改善,提高 → n. ________ 改良剂,改良者 → __________ adj. 已改善的,有改进的 7. response adj. 有责任,负责;可靠的 → adj. 负责的,承担责任的→ adv.负责地→ n. 责任, 职责, 任务 → ___________ adj. 不负责任的 重点单词·用准 equally equalize equality inequality improvement improver improved responsible responsibly responsibility irresponsible 重点单词·用准 8. independent adj. 自主的,有主见的;自立的 → n.自主,有主见;自立 → adj.依赖的,依靠的→___________ n.可靠的,可信赖的→_______ v.依赖,依靠→ n._________ 依赖,依靠→_________ n. 被扶养人→ _________ n. 依赖,依靠, 瘾 9. proposal n.提议,建议,动议 → v.提议,建议→ n.提议 人,建议者→ adj. 提议的,建议的 10. technique n.技巧,技艺;技能 → adj.技术的,技术上的→ _________ adv. 技术上 技术方面 → _________n. 技师,技术人员 11. contribution n.贡献;捐款;捐赠 → v.贡献;捐款,捐赠→ _________ n. 捐款人,撰稿人,贡献者→ __________ adj.促进的,促成的 independence dependent dependable depend propose proposer proposed technical technically contribute contributor contributory dependence dependa(e)nt dependency technician 12 重点单词·用准 12. _______ n. 巨款,运气,机遇→ ________ adj.幸运的,巧合的,侥幸的, 偶然发生的(反义unfortunate)→ _________ adv.幸运地,幸亏 (反义unfortunately) 13. attract vt.吸引,使喜爱;招引;引起(反应) → n. 喜欢,爱慕, 诱惑物 → adj. 有吸引力的,有魅力的→ _________ adv. 迷人地,有吸引力地,动人地→ ____________ n. 吸引力；迷惑力→ _______ n. 吸引力 fortune fortunate fortunately attraction attractive attractively attractiveness attracter 13 学以致用 词性转换练习 1. The ______ shared his _______ process: "What’s _________ to some may be   __________to others.“ His profound ______ made us think deeply. (think. 主题: 哲学讨论 ) 这位思想家分享了他的思考过程："对某些人可想象的事，对另一些人可 能是不可想象的。"他深刻的见解让我们陷入沉思。 2. The _______ planned to acquire the startup, a strategic _________ fitting its    _________ growth strategy. (acquire. 主题：商业并购 ) 这家收购方计划收购该初创企业，这一战略收购符合其扩张性的增长策略。 3. The _______ in AI ___________ is ________ rapidly, bringing _______ tech to advance human life. (advance. 主题:科技) AI领域的先驱者在进步中快速推进，将先进技术带入生活以推动人类发展。 thinker thinking thinkable unthinkable thought acquirer acquisition acquisitive advancer advancement advancing advanced 14 学以致用 词性转换练习 4. The magician ______ the crowd with an _______ trick, leaving everyone ______  as he ________ disappeared. The audience still discussed in __________ (amaze. 主题：魔术表演 ) 魔术师用惊人的魔术表演震撼了观众，当他在众人惊愕中神奇消失时，所有 人都惊呆了。观众依旧惊讶地讨论着。 5. As ______, we equal the workload and maintain equal opportunities to _______ contributions and achieve true _______ , reducing _________. (equal. 主题: 团 队合作) 作为平等伙伴(n)，我们平分(v)工作量并保持平等(adj)机会来平衡贡献，实 现真正平等，减少不平等。 amazed amazing amazed amazingly amazement equals equalize equality inequality 15 学以致用 词性转换练习 6. The baker used a dough _______ to improve the bread, and the ________ texture showed great __________ . (improve.主题：烘焙) 面包师用了面团改良剂来改进面包质量，改良后的质地显示出很大的提升。 7. The response to pollution was so bad —__________ ; we must act ___________   and take __________  for our planet. (response.主题：环保行动) 对污染的回应是糟糕的,不负责任的；我们必须负责任地行动，为地球承担起责任。 8. As teens grow _________ , they reduce __________ on parents but still depend on _________ friends for support during their journey to ___________. (depend. 主题：成长与自立) 随着青少年变得独立，他们减少对父母的依赖，但在走向自立的路上仍然 依靠可靠的朋友支持。 improver improved improvement irresponsible responsibly responsibility independent dependence dependable independence 16 学以致用 词性转换练习 9. The _______  ________ a new park _______ , and the _______ design won support. (propose. 主题：城市规划会议) 提案者提出新建公园的提案，提议的设计方案获得了支持。 The ________ used a special technique to fix the machine, though __________  it required no _______ skills. (technique. 主题：设备维修) 技术员用特殊技巧修好了机器，尽管从技术上来说这并不需要专业技能。 11. Each _________ must contribute ideas; your _________  is __________ to our success. (contribute. 主题：团队项目) 每位贡献者都必须提出想法；你的贡献对我们的成功至关重要。 proposer proposed proposal proposed technician technically technical contributor contribution contributory 17 学以致用 词性转换练习 12 . ___________, he lost his fortune, but _________ the ________ winner shared some with this _________ man. （fortune. 主题：意外之财 ） 不幸的是，他失去了财产，但幸运的是那位幸运的赢家分给了这个不幸的 人一些。 The charming _______ dressed _________ , her ____________ becoming the main ________ that night, ________  everyone’s attention. (attract. 主题：社 交聚会) 这位迷人的魅力人物穿着十分抢眼，她的吸引力成为了当晚的焦点，吸引 了所有人的目光。 Unfortunately fortunately fortunate unfortunate attracter attractively attractiveness attraction attracting 18 重点单词详解 senior表达“比某人大”等 1). 表示年龄大小（比某人大/小） be + 数字 + years + sb’s senior/junior （比某人大/小几岁） be + sb's junior + by + 数字 + years （比某人小几岁） be + 数字 + years + senior/junior to sb （正式用法） She is five years my senior. = She is five years senior to me. 她比我大五岁。 He is my junior by three years. = He is three years junior to me. 他比我小三岁。 My teacher is a decade my senior. 我的老师比我大十岁。 19 重点单词详解 2). 表示职位或资历高低 senior = 高级的、资深的 junior = 初级的、资历较浅的 senior/junior manager/engineer/analyst 高级/初级（经理/工程师/分析师） senior/junior position/role 高级/初级（职位） senior/junior staff/employee  资深/初级（员工） 3). 表示教育阶段（高中、大学） senior year = 高中/大学最后一年（12年级或大四） junior year = 高中/大学第三年（11年级或大三） 4). 用于人名（父子同名时区分） Senior (Sr.) = 父亲（年长的） Junior (Jr.) = 儿子（较年轻的） 20 base 动词 名词 基础、底部 基地、总部 基础成分 主要部分 化学/数学术语 形容词 The lamp has a wide base. 这盏灯的底座很宽。 以…为基础 驻扎、设立基地 (base sth on/upon sth) The movie is based on a true story. 这部电影基于真实事件。 基本的,基础的 military/base 军事基地The company’s home base is in New York. 公司总部在纽约。 Trust is the base of a good relationship. 信任是良好关系的基础。 The app has a large user base. 这款应用拥有庞大的用户群。 base (vs. acid)（碱，与“酸”相对） Soap is a mild base. 肥皂是弱碱性的。 base salary 基本工资; base level 基础水平 低劣的,卑鄙的(贬义) (be based in/at) The troops were based at a remote island. 部队驻扎在一个偏远岛屿。 base motives 卑鄙的动机; a base act 无耻的行为 词性变化 base n, v & adj → _______ adj. 基础的, 基本的, 根本的,最初点, 起码的 → ________ adv. 基本上, 本质上→ _______ n. 基础, 基本原则, 基本需求→ ______ n. 基础, 根据, 基点 (复数为bases)→ ________ adj. 无根据的, 无缘无故的 常见短语 base… on/upon…把······ 建立在······基础上 be based on/upon… 以······为根据/基础 on a basis of 在某事的基础上, 根据某事 on a regular/daily/weekly basis 定期, 每天, 每周 on a voluntary/part-time/temporary basis 自愿性质, 以兼职的形式,临时性地 basic basically basics basis baseless 重点单词详解 3. exchange n. & vt. 交换; 交流; 兑换 in exchange (for) 作为（对······的）的交换 exchange A for B 拿A换B exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物 exchange sth. for sth. 调换，更换 exchange of idea/information 意见/信息交流 exchange idea/information 交流意见/信息 exchange student 交换生 exchange rate 汇率 exchangeable adj. 可交换的 exchanger  n. 交换器；交换机 23 4. Vt + sb. of sth. 搭配总结 1). 表示“提醒/使想起”类 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 / 使某人想起事物 inform sb. of sth. 正式通知某人某事 2). 表示“指责/指控”类 accuse sb. of sth 指控/指责某人某事 suspect sb. of sth 怀疑某人做了某事 3). 表示“说服/保证”类 convince sb. of sth. 使某人信服某事 assure sb. of sth. 向某人保证某事 重点单词详解 4). 表示“剥夺/清除”类 rob sb. of sth. 抢夺某人的某物 deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人的某物（权利、机会等） cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的疾病/习惯 rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物（负面事物） 5). 其他常见搭配 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事（潜在危险） cheat sb. of sth. 骗取某人的某物 clear sb. of sth. 澄清某人的嫌疑 重点单词详解 5. As a result 与 as a result of 类似短语总结 通常来说， As a result 这类“介词+名词”的短语为副词或连词“as a result of ”这类“介词+名词+介词”的短语为介词。 1） as a result（副词短语），因此、结果（单独使用，承接上文结果）。 相当于 therefore，后接逗号或独立成句。 as a result of（介词短语），由于……（后接名词或名词短语，表示原 因）。相当于 because of。 2）in case（连词），以防、万一（后接完整句子，表示预防措施）。 引导状语从句，多用于一般现在时或一般过去时。 in case of（介词短语），如果发生……（后接名词或名词短语，表示 假设情况）。多用于正式场合或书面语。 重点单词详解 3） in addition（副词短语），此外（单独使用，补充信息）。相当于 furthermore，后接逗号。 in addition to（介词短语），除……之外（后接名词/动名词，表示叠 加）。相当于 besides。 4） in contrast 单独使用，连接两个句子 He loves sports. In contrast, his brother hates them. in contrast to / with 后接名词，直接对比两个事物 In contrast to his brother, he loves sports. in the event (that)…“如果……；万一……”，引导一个完整的从句, 表示 假设情况。In the event (that) it rains, the concert will be moved indoors. In the event of…“如果发生……；在……情况下”，后接名词或名词短 语(而非完整句子)。In the event of rain, the concert will be moved indoors. 重点单词详解 6. balance vt. 同等重视; (使)保持平衡; 权衡重要性. n. 均衡, 平衡; 平衡能力 1）keep/lose/break/regain/recover/restore one’s balance 保持/失去/打破/ 恢复平衡 keep a balance between A and B 在A和B之间保持平衡 strike/achieve/find a balance 达至/取得/找到平衡 on balance 总的来说 2）balance… on… 使平稳，使保持平衡 　 balance… against… 权衡······与······ 3）keep a balanced diet 保持均衡饮食（反义unbalanced) 重点单词详解 7. focus n. 焦点, 重点. vi. & vt. 集中 focus … on/upon… 把······集中于······上 be focused on/upon … （ focus … on/upon… 的被动形式） focus one’s eyes/attention/mind/efforts on… 集中思想/注意力;努力 2) in focus/out of focus：清晰 / 模糊（尤指摄影、视觉） The camera is out of focus.（相机没对焦。） come into focus=bring sth into focus：使某事成为焦点 main/primary focus（主要关注点） shift/change focus（转移焦点） keep/lose focus（保持 / 失去专注） 3) be fully focused（全神贯注） remain/stay focused（保持专注） seem/look focused（看起来专注） 重点单词详解 keep/find/leave（让/发现……处于某种状态） The teacher kept the students focused during the exam. 老师让学生在考试期间保持专注。） I found him focused on his book. 我发现他正专注地看书。 Don’t leave your mind unfocused. 别让你的注意力分散。 “集中注意力于······” 还有其它表达方法： concentrate … on … ，pay attention to，fix one’s attention on, be absorbed in, keep one’s mind on，devote one’s attention to， bury oneself in, put one’s heart into. 重点单词详解 重点短语 lie in 存在; 位于,在于 (= be located in, be situated in) rise to 能够处理; 作出反应 (= deal with, reply to) make a /little/no difference 起(几乎不起）作用, (几乎没）有影响 make the most of 充分利用, 尽情享受(=make the best of, make good use of) take advantage of the opportunity to do sth. 利用机会做某事 last but not least 最后但同样重要的 look forward to 盼望,期待 as a result of 由于 stick to 坚持; 固守, 维持 over time 随着时间流逝,久而久之（=As time goes by…) can’t wait to do 迫不及待地想做 take part in 参加, 参与 31 13. realize your potential 发挥你的潜力/潜能 14. make efforts to do sth= make an effort to do sth 努力做某事 15. set a goal 设立目标 16. be confident about/of/that… 对······有自信(有把握) 17. put simply 简而言之 18. have no option (choice) but to do 除了做······别无选择 19. put sth. together 组装 20. make a contribution to 做贡献 21. be laid out neatly and beautifully 排版整洁美观 22. practise writing calligraphy 练习书法 23. put on a calligraphy show 举办一场书法展 重点短语 The Power of Calligraphy The charm of Chinese calligraphy lies in its beauty and cultural depth. To rise to the challenge of mastering it, I set a goal to practise writing calligraphy daily. At first, my skills were poor, and I had no option but to keep trying. Over time, my efforts paid off, and my works were laid out neatly and beautifully, boosting my confidence. This year, I take advantage of the opportunity to take part in a cultural festival and put on a calligraphy show. Put simply, sharing my art lets me make a contribution to preserving tradition. Last but not least, I can’t wait to put together an exhibition to inspire others. Stick to your passions, make the most of every chance, and you’ll realize your potential. I look forward to seeing how small efforts make a difference in keeping our heritage alive. As a result of dedication, even beginners can eventually become a messenger of cultural heritage and innovation. 学以致用 书法的力量 中国书法的魅力在于其美感与文化底蕴。为迎接掌握它的挑战，我设定目标每天练习书法。起初我的水平很差，别无选择，只能坚持练习。随着时间的推移，努力终有回报，我的作品被整齐美观地呈现，增强了信心。 今年，我利用机会参加文化节并举办书法展。简而言之，分享艺术让我为传承传统做出贡献。最后也很重要的是，我迫不及待想筹备一场展览来激励他人。 坚持所爱，充分利用每个机会，你就能发挥潜力。我期待看到微小努力如何为传承文化遗产产生影响。由于专注，即使初学者也能成为文化传承和创新的使者。 中文翻译 重点句型 1. Put simply, potential is your natural ability that can be developed when you try hard enough.（教材p3） 1). To be frank, opportunity is something that you can only seize when you’re prepared for it. 坦白说，机会是当你做好准备时才能抓住的东西。 That引导定语从句，当中还含有一个when引导的时间状语从句。 简单来说,潜力是你天生的能力,这种能力在你足够努力的时候是可以被发展的。 35 重点句型 2). As you can see, confidence is a feeling that grows stronger if you keep challenging yourself. 如你所见，自信是一种感觉，如果你不断挑战自己，它就会变得更强大。 3). In my opinion, a workshop is a room or building where people create and repair things when they have the right tools and skills. 在我看来，车间是一个当人们拥有合适工具和技能时，便可以制作和修理东西的房间或建筑。 36 重点句型 2. Who knows what beautiful work of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop!  （教材p3）(三个what引导的都是宾语从句，且每个还含有一个定语从句。) 谁知道你会创造出什么美丽的艺术品，会取得哪些医学突破，或是开发出多么惊人的技术！ 1). Who knows what groundbreaking discoveries you will uncover, what societal changes you will inspire, or what global challenges you will solve! 谁知道你会揭开什么突破性的发现，会激发哪些社会变革，或是解决怎样的全球性难题！ 37 2). Who knows what inspiring stories you will write, what entrepreneurial ventures you will launch, or what life-changing innovations you will design! 谁知道你会写出什么鼓舞人心的故事，会开创哪些创业壮举，或是设计出怎样改变生活的创新！ 3).谁知道你会呈现什么震撼人心的表演，会解开哪些科学谜题，或是开创怎样可持续的解决方案！ Who knows what breathtaking performances you will deliver, what scientific mysteries you will solve, or what sustainable solutions you will pioneer! 重点句型 3. Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. （教材p3） 同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能以及积极的态度。 本句为倒装句‌，将表语前置。"Of equal importance"作表语提前强调重要性，正常语序为"Good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance"。‌‌ Of equal significance are regular exercise, a balanced diet, and sufficient rest for maintaining good health. 同样重要的是定期锻炼、均衡饮食和充足休息，这对保持健康至关重要。 重点句型 2) Equally crucial are creativity, critical thinking, and effective communication in modern education. 同等关键的是现代教育中的创造力、批判性思维和有效沟通能力。 3) Just as important are patience, perseverance, and a strong work ethic in achieving long-term success. 同样不可忽视的是耐心、毅力和强烈的职业道德，它们对实现长期成功至关重要。 重点句型 “be + of + 抽象名词”用法总结 结构：be of + (some, no, little, much, great, exceptional etc.) 抽象名词（如 importance, value, interest, help, use , benefit, necessity, quality, danger etc.） 作用：相当于其形容词 (be + important/valuable/interesting/helpful/useful, beneficial/necessary/ qualitative/dangerous etc.), 但更正式。 This discovery is of great significance. = This discovery is very significant. 这一发现具有重要意义(举足轻重、至关紧要)。 The advice is of little value. 这个建议价值甚微。 The tool is of no use. 这个工具毫无用处。 The book is of special interest. 这本书别具趣味。 Exercise is of great benefit. 锻炼大有裨益。 Your support is of real help. 你的支持雪中送炭。 Water is of absolute necessity. 水必不可少。 These products are of high quality. 这些产品品质上乘。 “be + of + 抽象名词” 结构可译为汉语四字成语，增强表达效果： 英文句型 直译 四字成语 适用场景 be of great importance 非常重要 形容关键人物或事件 be of no use 没有用处 形容无效的努力 be of high quality 质量高 形容产品或作品的高标准 be of the same opinion 观点相同 形容意见一致 be of noble character 品格高尚 形容人的品德 be of mutual benefit 互相受益 形容合作或协议 be of vital necessity 极其必要 形容必需品或关键条件 be of profound significance 意义深远 形容历史性事件或决策 be of little interest 兴趣不大 形容无聊的事物 be of extreme danger 极度危险 形容危急的局势 举足轻重 徒劳无功 精益求精 不谋而合 德高望重 互利共赢 不可或缺 影响深远 索然无味 岌岌可危 1. A _____ to a mountain is what a river is to the ocean. 2. _______ to Americans is what baseball is to the British. 3. An _____ for a student to get up on time in the morning is what a starting pistol (发号抢) is to a runner. 4. A _____ to a show is what a conductor is to an orchestra. 5. _______ to the accident are what ingredients are to a recipe. 6. Just as _______ is a classic British dessert with deep cultural roots, mooncakes are a traditional Chinese treat, especially during the Mid- Autumn Festival. 自我挑战 Challenge Yourself path Rugby alarm host Details pudding 句 子 成 分 Sentence Elements 单元语法 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分指主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和、同位语和插入语。 1. 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 找出句子的主语。 1) American country music sounds beautiful. 2) We often speak English in class every day. 3) Two-third of the students in our class are girls. 4) To swim slowly in the river is a great pleasure. 5) Smoking really does great harm to our health. 6) The rich in the world should help the poor indeed. 7) What we will do after graduation has not been decided. 名词 代词 数词 动词不定式 ing形式 the+形容词 主语从句 2．谓语 说明主语所发出的动作或具有的性质、特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语通常由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices Chinese calligraphy every day. Tom will look after his little sister tonight. You could have met her if you had arrived early. Our classroom has been cleaned by Group Three. 一说到谓语，就要考虑时态、语态和语气，主谓一致等，所以需要特别小心！ 单元语法 I am good at playing volleyball. Remy cooked and baked in the kitchen just now. My name was written on the document in three places. Bob, the kid from Britain, was walking through the park. Remarkably, the badly injured patient, survived the surgery. By the saucer of milk sat a very lazy cat bought in the market. Will Joe, your good friend, be taking his golf clubs on this trip? With prices so low, I should have bought a few more toothbrushes All citizens in the United States must complete a tax return each year. 找出句子的谓语。 形容词短语 动词，并列谓语 动词，被动语态 动词，进行时 动词 动词 动词,进行时 动词,虚拟语气 情态动词+动词原形 3. 表语 表语主要是用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态或内容，一般位于连系动词之后。 单元语法 连系动词 be类 非be类 用于直接说明主语的状态、身份或特征：am/is/are，was/were，be/being/been 感官类：seem(似乎), appear(显得), look(看起来), sound(听起来), feel(感觉), taste(尝起来), smell(闻起来) 变化类:become(成为) , get(变得), grow(逐渐变得), turn (转变为), go(多指负面变化,如go bad), come (多指正面变化, 如 come true), fall (变得） 持续类: remain(仍然) , stay(保持) , keep(持续) 结果类：prove (证实) ，turn out (结果是…) 1. Time is up. Class is over. 2. Three times seven is twenty one? 3. Our new teacher of English is a British lady. 4. The truth is that he has never been to the moon. 5. Usually in the north it is getting cold in October. 6. Is the thick dictionary on the teachers’ desk yours? 7. The machine, introduced in 1980s, must be out of order. 8. The speech Professor Smith gave yesterday was exciting. 9. Nowadays his full-time job is to teach us Business English. 10. The players of the team are excited, never expecting to win. 找出句子的表语。 副词 数词 名词 表语从句 形容词 名词性物主代词 介词短语 ing形式 动词不定式 过去分词 汉语中没有与英语完全相同的“表语”概念，但存在类似的功能成分，通常通过其他语法手段实现。如： 1. 直接使用形容词谓语 汉语：这朵花很漂亮。(形容词直接作谓语,无需加“是”,相当于英语的be) 英语：The flower is beautiful. (be+形容词表语) 2. “是”字句 汉语的“是”接近英语的be，但用法更受限，后接成分通常不视为表语： 英语：He is a student. （名词作表语） 汉语：他是学生。 （“是”+名词，传统语法称为“判断合成谓语”） 单元语法 3. 状态描述句 汉语用“动词+补语”或特定句式描述状态，功能类似表语： 英语：She seems tired. （形容词作表语） 汉语：她看起来很累。 （“看起来”+形容词） 小结： 汉语没有严格意义上的表语，但通过形容词谓语、“是”字句、补语结构等实现类似功能。这种差异反映了英语（重形式标记）和汉语（重意合）的语法体系根本区别。学习时需避免死搬硬套，关注两种语言自身的表达逻辑。 单元语法 英语中，有些动词既可以表示 实际的感官动作（行为动词）,也可以表示 感知的状态（连系动词）。 He sounded the alarm. 他拉响警报。 His idea sounds great. 他的主意听起来很棒。 She tasted the soup. 她尝了尝汤。 The soup tastes salty. 汤尝起来很咸。 He smelled the flowers. 他闻了闻花。 The flowers smell sweet. 花闻起来很香。 She felt the fabric. 她摸了摸布料。 The fabric feels soft. 布料摸起来很柔软。 sound taste smell feel 小结： 这些词作行为动词接宾语; 作连系动词接形容词/名词。 单元语法 My Best Friend Lucy Lucy is my best friend. She looks very kind, and her smile feels warm. Every morning, she turns her head and waves at me. Her voice sounds sweet, like a little bird. Lucy is a good student. She becomes happy when she learns new things. Sometimes, she grows quiet when she reads books. Her favorite subject is  science. We often play together. The playground seems big and fun. The grass feels soft under our feet. Lucy stays cheerful even when the game goes wrong. One day, the cookies she baked turned golden brown. They smelled delicious! I tasted one, and it was perfect. Lucy appeared proud. I am lucky to have such a friend. She remains kind and helpful every day. 仔细阅读以下短文，细心体会连系动词及表语。 4 宾 语 宾语表示谓语动词动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 有的动词可以接双宾语（指物的间接宾语+指人的直接宾语），例如： Lend me your dictionary, please. 不及物动词必须加上适当的介词才能接宾语。 I am thinking about your problem. 单元语法 找出句子的宾语： 1. Henry pretended not to see me then. 2. I enjoy listening to popular music alone. 3. I think that he is quite fit for his office. 4. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 5. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 6. The heavy rain prevented us from playing baseball outdoors. 动词不定式 名词短语 宾语从语 数词 名词短语(the+adj.) 代词 5. 宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补语可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句等形式充当。 单元语法 1. The garlic has made the soup awful.  2. We consider the fish spoiled by the cook. 3. They are going to name the baby Ivan. 4. I found the guard sleeping on the bench 5. I don’t consider myself worthy of this honor. 6. Evan’s classmates asked him to bring them some water. 7. I will make our school what you described it yesterday. 8. After knocking at the door, I finally found the owner not in. 找出句子的宾语补足语。 形容词 过去分词 名词 现在分词 形容词短语 动词不定式 从句 副词 My Dog Max I have a dog. His name is Max. I call him my best friend. Max makes me happy every day. I often see him running in the yard. Sometimes, I find him sleeping under the tree. I keep his bowl filled with water. When I come home, he always leaves the door open for me. I consider Max a smart dog because he understands many commands. I once watched him chasing a ball for hours. My family thinks Max a good companion. I believe dogs loyal animals. Max brings joy to my life. I will always take good care of him. 仔细阅读以下短文，细心体会宾语补足语。 6. 定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。根据其所在位置分前置和后置两种。 1. We want to buy the newest car available. 2. He is reading an article about how to teach English. 3. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. 4. He runs a telephone company in Shenzhen, Guangdong. 5. Please use the words below to make your own sentences. 5. China is a developing country while America is a developed country. 6. Facilities are room, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose. （现在分词） （过去分词） （定语从句） （形容词, 前置和后置） （介词短语） （动词不定式） （名词） （副词） 单元语法 7. 状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态或特征的句子成分，叫做状语。 Light travels most quickly. He has lived in the city for ten years. He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. He is in the room making a model plane. Wait a minute, please. Once you begin, you must continue. （副词） （介词短语） （不定式短语） （分词短语） （名词） （状语从句） 单元语法 8. 同位语 对修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释的句子成分。它通常是在所修饰对象的后面。 Tom, my best friend, left for London yesterday. Beijing, our capital, lie in the north of the country. 9. 插入语 插入语是插入句子中的附加成分，用于补充说明、表达语气或添加额外信息。它们通常不影响句子的主干结构，但能使表达更自然、丰富。通常用逗号隔开，且长度较短。 The movie, to be honest, was boring. 老实说，这部电影很无聊。 His answer, in my opinion, is correct. 在我看来，他的答案是正确的。 This idea, I believe, will work. 这个主意，我相信，会奏效。 单元语法 英语句子的基本结构 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型构成如下： 1. S V （主＋谓） 2. S V O （主＋谓＋宾） 3. S V P （主＋系＋表） 4. S V O O（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 5. S V O C（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 这是英语中最基本的五种句型，如果加上适当的修饰语，可以衍生出十多种“句型”，但万变不离其中。 单元语法 1. 主 + 谓（S V） 这种句型谓语动词都是不及物动词，能表达完整的意思。其后可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 The little boy can swim. Tom’s book fell on the floor. The soldiers are marching now. Peter sneezed after the cold night. 2. 主 + 谓+ 宾（SVO） 此句型的谓语动词通常是及物动词， 直接跟宾语。如果是不及物动词，要 加上适当的介词才能跟宾语。 They are baking cookies and cakes. The batter hit the ball quickly and accurately.  单元语法 3. 主 + 系+ 表（S V P） 此句型中的连系动词（Linking verb），是用来连接主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、特征、内容等情况。 The consultant seemed pleasant. All applicants were Cambridge graduates. 4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语（S V O O） 此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语：“间接宾语”通常由代词或名词充当，指人；“直接宾语”，往往由名词充当，指物。 He brought me a coat. 他给我带来一件大衣。 Pass me the dictionary, please. 请将词典递给我。 I lend him my bicycle. 我把自行车借给他了。 I offered the candidate my support. 我向候选人提供了支持。 单元语法 5. 主 + 谓+ 宾 + 宾补（S V O C） 英语中，有些及物动词的后面有时要接“复合宾语”(即“宾语 + 宾语补足语” ）,意义才完整。在这一结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语"做什么"、"怎么样"等方面进行补充说明。 We elected him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。 The news made me happy. 那消息使我很高兴。 We know him to be an expert. 我们知道他是专家。 He heard somebody opening the door. 他听见有人在开门。 I found myself in dark. 我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。 单元语法 掌握英语五种基本句型的好处有两点： 一是在阅读中，能让我们迅速地找出句子的主要部分（主语、谓语）； 二是在写作时，我们自己能有个参考或依靠。五种基本句型看似简单，其实可以有无限的变化形式。看看能否找出句子的主要部分？ Tom’s favorite book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which he had borrowed from the library just that morning, fell from his grasp all of a sudden with a loud bang on the dusty wooden floor at midnight.  Tom’s book fell on the floor. 其实就是“主语+谓语”(S V) 这一句型。 All applicants, carefully selected from a highly competitive pool of candidates, were Cambridge graduates, most of whom had graduated with first-class honors and had gone on to gain extensive research experience in prestigious institutions across Europe. 看看能否找出句子的主要部分？ All applicants were Cambridge graduates. 就是“主语+谓语”(S V) 所有申请者均毕业于剑桥大学，他们是从竞争激烈的候选人中精心挑选出来的，其中大多数人以一等荣誉学位毕业，并随后在欧洲多所知名机构积累了丰富的研究经验。 插入语：carefully selected from a highly competitive pool of candidates（补充说明申请者的筛选过程） 定语从句：most of whom had graduated...（进一步描述申请者的学术背景） 并列谓语：had graduated... and had gone on...（增强句子复杂度） 状语成分：with first-class honors, in prestigious institutions across Europe（增加细节） 非谓语动词：selected, gone on to gain（使句子更流畅） 主题写作 假如你是李华，你们班决定在暑假组建“阅读俱乐部”，丰富学生的假期生活。最后就组建“英语读书俱乐部”，还是“中文阅读俱乐部”，各自意见不一。请就此写一篇短文，内容如下： 1. 你的选择； 2. 陈述理由。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 69 主题写作 审题定调 确定主题内容 确定人称/时态 核定表达 My Choice for the Reading Club 70 主题写作 体裁：说明文 主要内容：选择并陈述理由 选择 陈述理由 总结 写作顺序/框架/不遗漏要点 审题定调 71 英语中表“选择”的相关表达 基础词汇 动词：choose, select, pick； 名词：choice, option. 短语: go for, settle on, decide on, make a choice, make up one’s mind to do sth. decide to do sth. in favor of, weigh the options (权衡选择), struggle with a decision (难以抉择) 3. 高级替换 favor (v.) 偏爱 I favor English Reading Club. prioritize (v.) 优先选择 We should prioritize English Reading Club. lean toward 倾向于 I’m leaning toward establishing the latter. prefer… to… 更喜欢 I prefer English Reading Club to Chinese Reading Club. (My preference is… ) 主题写作 如何陈述理由？ 1. 引出理由的短语 First and foremost, to begin with...（首要的是） The primary/main … reason is that ...（主要原因是） Another key factor is ...（另一个关键因素是） What’s more, besides ...（此外） Most importantly, above all ...（最重要的是） 2. 因果逻辑连接词 because / since / as（因为） The club is meaningful because it combines learning with fun. due to / owing to（由于，接名词或短语） The success was due to careful planning. therefore / thus / hence（因此，正式） English is a global language; hence, mastering it is crucial. 主题写作 3. 举例支持理由 For instance, for example, ... Take... as an example. For instance, reading Shakespeare boosts both language and cultural understanding. 高级技巧 1. 数据或权威支持 Studies show that reading English books improves cognitive skills. According to a survey, 70% of students prefer interactive clubs. 2. 对比强调 Unlike Chinese books, English originals provide authentic expressions. Compared with passive learning, reading clubs are more engaging. 主题写作 3. 结果导向 This will lead to better exam performance. As a result, students gain confidence in communication. 行文逻辑结构 1. 总分结构 先明确观点，再用理由支持。例如： 观点： We should establish an English Reading Club. 理由1： Firstly, it improves language skills effectively. 理由2： Secondly, it exposes students to global cultures. 主题写作 2. 递进结构 按重要性由弱到强排列理由，增强说服力： 基础理由： Reading in English enhances vocabulary. 深层理由： More importantly, it cultivates critical thinking. 3. 让步结构 先承认反方观点，再反驳： While Chinese literature is valuable, English books offer wider perspectives. 主题写作 My Choice for the Reading Club As the monitor, I advocate for establishing an English Reading Club this summer. Firstly, English books expose students to diverse cultures and global perspectives, broadening their horizons. Secondly, reading in English enhances language skills, which is invaluable for academic success and future opportunities. While Chinese literature is profound, summer offers a perfect chance to immerse in English without school pressure. Additionally, interactive activities like group discussions can make learning engaging. In conclusion, the English Reading Club not only enriches our vacation but also strengthens a vital skill. Let’s embrace this opportunity to grow together! 范 文 1 My Choice for the Reading Club I strongly advocate establishing a Chinese Reading club this summer. While English reading is valuable, our curriculum already emphasizes it sufficiently. In contrast, systematic Chinese reading remains neglected despite its unparalleled benefits. Classic texts cultivate cultural identity while modern works enhance critical thinking. Moreover, analyzing sophisticated Chinese prose develops linguistic precision unmatched by foreign language study. This club would fill a crucial gap in our literary education. Let's seize this opportunity to deepen our appreciation of China's rich literary heritage while strengthening core academic skills. 范 文 2 课堂巩固 一、根据英语提示拼写单词。 The school’s new science _________ provides students with amazing opportunities to conduct biology experiments. (equipment) 2. With persistent ______ and a positive attitude, even the toughest challenges can be overcome. (hard work) 3. The art teacher demonstrated proper _________ for holding calligraphy brushes during the workshop. (method or skill) 4. __________ , the fire alarm sounded in time, allowing everyone to evacuate safely. (luckily) facility effort technique Fortunately 课堂巩固 5. Her ____________ to the school's rugby team was truly amazing this season. (something given or done for certain success) 6. The career counselor provided valuable ____ on how to balance academics and extracurricular activities. (useful advice) 7. The exchange student’s _________ to host cultural events was well- received by the faculty. (formal suggestion) 8. The university offers _________ language courses to help students become more well-rounded. (not primary) 9. His ____________ thinking and focus on details impressed the senior professors. (self-reliant) contribution tips proposal secondary independent 课堂巩固 10. The professional artist’s unique ____ attracted many visitors to the exhibition. (distinctive manner) 11. The ______ sounded just as we were reviewing the safety materials. (warning device) 12. Through this _________ program, junior students can acquire valuable international experience. (mutual transfer) 13. The bright colors of the ______ were designed to attract attention to the workshop. (large printed notice) 14. Developing good study ______ is essential for academic improvement. (regular practices) style alarm exchange poster habits 15. The ______ students organized a coaching program to help junior  classmates improve their study skills. (older/more experienced) 16. Keeping a _______ attitude can help you overcome tough challenges. (optimistic) 17. Studying abroad provides an excellent ___________ to acquire new language skills. (chance) 18. Through this course, students will _______ the basic techniques of professional calligraphy. (gain/obtain) 19. The science workshop helped students _________ their understanding of biology concepts. (progress) senior positive opportunity acquire advance 课堂巩固 20. Her ________ performance in the rugby match earned her much confidence. (wonderful) 21. The school library is an excellent _________ for finding materials to improve your research skills. (source of information) 22. All students should have _____ opportunities to participate in workshops. (same/fair) 23. The ____________ chef demonstrated how to properly use butter in cooking. (expert) 24. The beautiful __________  on the poster attracted many admirers. (decorative handwriting) amazing resource equal professional calligraphy 课堂巩固 1. 同样重要的是每日词汇练习、定期听力训练和持续的开口机会对英语学习者很关键。 Of equal value are daily vocabulary practice, regular listening exercises, and consistent speaking opportunities for English learners. 2. 必不可少的是阅读原版材料、写作短文和系统复习语法规则。 Just as essential are reading authentic materials, writing short essays, and reviewing grammar rules systematically. 3. 同样关键的是建立自信、接纳错误和沉浸于英语媒体中以快速提升。 Equally critical are building confidence, embracing mistakes, and immersing yourself in English media for rapid progress. 二、 用所学倒装句给英语学习提点建议 课堂巩固 课堂巩固 三、指出以下短文中的句子，属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 Tom is a junior student at a secondary school. He finds biology very tough. His goal is to improve his grades. One day, he saw a poster for a study workshop. The host was a senior named Lisa. She gave the students useful tips. Her style was professional. Tom joined the workshop. He learned new techniques. Lisa reminded him to focus on details. Tom felt more confident. He made a proposal to start a study group. His aim was to exchange ideas. The group attracted many students. Fortunately, Tom’s effort paid off. His grades improved. He became more independent. Now, Tom enjoys rugby and calligraphy. He believes a positive attitude is key. After study sessions, he eats pudding with butter. 课堂巩固 Tom is a junior student at a secondary school. He finds  biology very  tough. His goal is to improve his grades. One day, he saw a poster for a study workshop. The host was a  senior named Lisa. She gave the students useful tips. Her  style was professional. Tom joined the workshop. He learned new techniques. Lisa reminded him to focus on details. Tom felt more confident. He made a proposal to start a study group. His aim was to exchange ideas. The group attracted many students. Fortunately, Tom’s effort paid off. His grades improved. He became more independent. Now, Tom enjoys rugby and calligraphy. He believes a positive attitude  is key. After study sessions, he eats pudding with butter. (SVP) (SVOC) (SVP) (SVO) (SVP) (SVOO) (SVP) (SVO) (SVO) (SVOC) (SVP) (SVO) (SVP) (SVO) (SV) (SV) (SVP) (SVO) (SVP) (SVO) 谢谢观看 译林版2020 必修第一册 THANKS null 2025 62692.605 2025 Blues 63894.176 $$