19.Unit 4 Hands-on fun(主题阅读)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(译林版2024)

2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(译林版2024) Unit 4 Hands-on fun主题阅读 必备知识清单 单元主题阅读 一、阅读主题 本单元阅读聚焦于通过亲身实践、动手操作来获取乐趣与知识。在这一主题下，学生能够深入探索各种DIY（Do It Yourself）活动，如手工制作、家居维修、烹饪尝试等。 1.主题内涵 强调个体主动参与到具体活动中，通过双手操作完成任务或创造物品。例如在制作纸玫瑰时，学生需要动手折叠纸张、裁剪形状并粘贴组合（You can fold the paper like this, and cut the flower shapes. Then tape or glue the pieces together）；又如在搭建书架时，要测量木材、切割木板并进行组装（measure the wood, cut the boards and assemble them）。这种亲身实践能让学生充分体验到从无到有的创造过程，感受每一个步骤带来的变化与成果。 2.素养体现 ①语言能力：学生在描述制作过程、分享经验以及阅读相关资料时，能够锻炼英语的听说读写能力。例如在阅读DIY项目说明时理解复杂的指令（First, twist a piece of cloth and tie it with thread. Then, dye the material），在交流中准确表达自己的制作想法和遇到的问题（I want to make a wooden box, but I don't know how to cut the wood evenly）。 ②思维品质：在面对各种动手任务时，需要分析步骤、规划流程、解决遇到的问题，从而培养逻辑思维和批判性思维。比如在修理家具时，思考损坏的原因并制定修复方案（The chair is wobbly. Maybe the legs are loose. I need to tighten the screws）。 ③文化意识：了解不同国家和地区的DIY文化，如一些西方国家盛行的自己动手装修房屋、制作节日装饰品等。例如，在圣诞节时，许多家庭会自己动手制作姜饼屋（make gingerbread houses），这不仅是一种手工活动，还承载着特定的节日文化内涵。 3. 策略要求 ①预测策略：在阅读DIY文章前，学生可根据标题、图片等预测文章内容。比如看到一篇标题为“How to Make a Tie dyed T shirt”的文章，结合图片中彩色的T恤，能预测文章会介绍扎染T恤的材料、步骤等（The article may introduce the materials like dye, cloth and the steps such as twisting the cloth, tying it and dyeing）。 ②细节理解：在阅读过程中，关注关键信息，如制作步骤、所需材料等。例如在阅读制作蛋糕的食谱时，留意每种材料的用量和添加顺序（Add two eggs, one cup of sugar, and then mix them well）。 ③总结归纳：阅读结束后，能总结整个制作过程或文章要点。如读完关于制作风筝的文章后，能概括出从准备竹条、纸张到绘制图案、组装风筝的主要步骤（First, prepare bamboo strips and paper. Then, draw patterns on the paper and assemble the kite parts）。 4. 文化品质 ①创新与创造：鼓励学生在传统DIY活动基础上进行创新。例如在制作陶艺作品时，不局限于常规形状，创造独特的造型（Instead of making a regular pot, I want to create a pot in the shape of an animal）。 ②耐心与专注：许多DIY活动需要花费较长时间和精力，培养学生在过程中保持耐心和专注。如制作一幅复杂的刺绣作品，可能需要数周甚至数月，学生在这个过程中学会坚持，注重每一个细节（I need to be patient and focus on each stitch when doing embroidery）。 ③合作与分享：有些DIY项目适合多人合作完成，如班级一起制作大型壁画。在合作中，学生学会沟通协调，完成后分享成果与经验（We worked together to make a big mural for our classroom. After finishing it, we shared our feelings and experiences with each other）。 二、词汇句式 1. 主题词汇 ①DIY活动相关：DIY (do it yourself) 自己动手；craftsmanship手艺；project项目；model模型；sculpture雕塑；embroidery刺绣；knitting编织；sewing缝纫；weaving纺织；carving雕刻；painting绘画；pottery陶艺；origami折纸；patchwork拼布；woodworking木工活；metalworking金属加工；gardening园艺；cooking烹饪；baking烘焙；decorating装饰；repairing修理 ②材料工具类：material材料；tool工具；wood木材；metal金属；plastic塑料；cloth布料；paper纸张；string绳子；thread线；glue胶水；tape胶带；nail钉子；screw螺丝；hammer锤子；saw锯子；scissors剪刀；knife刀；brush刷子；paint颜料；dye染料；needle针；sewing machine缝纫机；drill钻；pliers钳子；trowel泥刀；rake耙子；spade铲子；oven烤箱；pan平底锅；mixer搅拌器 ③动作描述类：make制作；create创造；build建造；assemble组装；construct构造；design设计；decorate装饰；repair修理；fix固定；twist扭曲；fold折叠；cut切割；stick粘贴；attach附上；paint绘画；dye染色；knit编织；sew缝制；weave纺织；carve雕刻；sculpt雕塑；plant种植；cook烹饪；bake烘焙；mix混合；measure测量；pour倒；stir搅拌；hammer锤打；saw锯；nail钉；screw用螺丝固定 ④成果与状态类：product产品；result结果；finished完成的；completed完整的；neat整洁的；messy凌乱的；unique独特的；creative有创意的；broken损坏的；fixed修好的；decorated装饰好的；delicious美味的；beautiful漂亮的；ugly丑陋的 2. 主题句式 ①表达想要做某事 I want to make... 我想制作……（I want to make a paper boat.） I would like to create... 我想要创造……（I would like to create a piece of art.） I plan to build... 我计划建造……（I plan to build a small bookshelf.） I am going to start a project of... 我打算开始一个……的项目（I am going to start a project of making a model plane.） ②询问制作相关 What do I need to make... 制作……我需要什么？（What do I need to make a cake ） How can I make... 我怎样才能制作……？（How can I make a scarf ） Where can I get the materials for... 我在哪里能得到制作……的材料？（Where can I get the materials for making a wooden box ） Do you know how to... 你知道如何……吗？（Do you know how to sew a button ） ③描述制作步骤 First, + 动词原形... 首先，……（First, cut the paper into squares.） Then, + 动词原形... 然后，……（Then, fold the paper in half.） Next, + 动词原形... 接下来，……（Next, draw a pattern on the paper.） After that, + 动词原形... 在那之后，……（After that, glue the pieces together.） Finally, + 动词原形... 最后，……（Finally, paint the finished product.） ④表达制作结果与感受 The result is... 结果是……（The result is a beautiful flower.） I am happy/satisfied with the finished... 我对完成的……感到开心/满意（I am happy with the finished painting.） It turned out... 结果是……（It turned out great.） Making... gives me a sense of achievement. 制作……给我一种成就感。（Making a dress gives me a sense of achievement.） ⑤给出建议 You should... 你应该……（You should use a sharp knife to cut the wood.） You’d better... 你最好……（You’d better wear gloves when painting.） It’s a good idea to... 做……是个好主意（It’s a good idea to measure twice before cutting.） Why not... 为什么不……呢？（Why not try making a different style of cake ） 三、阅读策略 1. 预测内容 在阅读前，引导学生观察文章标题、副标题、图片、图表等信息来预测文章内容。例如，一篇文章标题为“DIY Home Decorating: Transforming Your Living Space”，配有一些漂亮家居装饰的图片，学生可以据此预测文章可能会介绍各种家居装饰的DIY方法，如墙面装饰、家具改造等。这有助于学生在阅读过程中有针对性地寻找信息，提高阅读效率。 还可以根据学生已有的生活经验和知识进行预测。比如在阅读关于制作披萨的文章前，学生可以根据自己吃披萨的经历，猜测制作披萨可能需要的材料有面粉、酵母、番茄酱、芝士、蔬菜等，以及制作过程可能包括揉面、发酵、涂抹酱料、摆放食材、烘烤等步骤。 2. 理解细节 对于介绍DIY步骤的文章，教导学生关注连接词如“first, then, next, after that, finally”等，这些词能清晰地呈现制作过程的先后顺序。例如在文章“Making a Clay Pot”中，“First, prepare the clay. Then, shape it into a pot like form. Next, smooth the surface. After that, let it dry. Finally, paint it with your favorite colors.”学生通过这些连接词能准确理解制作陶土罐的每一个步骤。 强调对数字、尺寸、材料名称等关键细节的关注。在阅读关于制作书架的文章时，“You need two pieces of wood that are 1.5 meters long and 0.2 meters wide.”学生需要注意这些数字信息，以理解制作书架所需木材的规格。 3. 推理判断 当文章中出现一些不熟悉的专业词汇或新的DIY术语时，引导学生根据上下文进行推理。比如在一篇关于木工的文章中提到“Use a chisel to carve the wood.”学生可能不认识“chisel”，但从“carve the wood（雕刻木头）”以及前文提到的工具相关内容，可以推断出“chisel”是一种用于雕刻木头的工具。 在阅读一些包含问题解决的DIY文章时，让学生根据文章中描述的问题和采取的措施进行推理判断。例如文章中提到“After painting the wall, there were some bubbles. To solve this problem, we used a pin to pop them.”学生可以通过推理得出气泡是不好的现象，用针戳破是解决气泡问题的方法。 4. 总结归纳 阅读结束后，要求学生用自己的话总结文章的主要内容，如制作某物品的主要步骤、DIY项目的重点要点等。对于一篇介绍制作纸灯笼的文章，学生总结为“First, fold the paper, then make the frame with sticks, next attach the paper to the frame, and finally add a light source inside. The key is to make the frame strong and the paper well attached.” 可以引导学生制作思维导图或流程图来归纳文章内容。比如对于一篇关于制作水果沙拉的文章，学生可以制作一个简单的流程图：准备水果（清洗、切块）→准备沙拉酱→混合水果和沙拉酱→装盘，这样能更直观地呈现制作过程和文章结构。 核心知识回顾 英语阅读理解过程中通过单词的前缀猜测词义的策略例析​ 一、利用表示否定意义的前缀猜测词义​ 1. un -​ “un -” 是极为常见的表示否定的前缀。在阅读中遇到带有 “un 的单词时，可直接在原词词义基础上添加否定含义。例如 “unexpected”，已知 “expected” 意为 “预期的”，加上 “un ” 后，“unexpected” 的词义即为 “未预期的，意外的” 。再如 “unfriendly”，“friendly” 表示 “友好的”，那么 “unfriendly” 就是 “不友好的” 。当文章中描述 “He gave an unexpected answer.”，学生便能通过前缀快速理解该句意思为 “他给出了一个意外的答案” 。 2. in （il ，im ，ir ） 这一组前缀同样用于表达否定。“in -” 适用范围较广，像 “inaccurate”，“accurate” 意为 “准确的”，“inaccurate” 即 “不准确的” 。“il ” 用于以 “l” 开头的单词，如 “illogical”，“logical” 是 “合乎逻辑的”，“illogical” 则表示 “不合逻辑的” 。在句子 “The plan seems illogical.” 中，学生可根据前缀猜测出句子意思为 “这个计划似乎不合逻辑” 。“im ” 用于以 “m” 或 “p” 开头的单词，例如 “impatient”，“patient” 是 “耐心的”，“impatient” 表示 “不耐烦的” 。“ir ” 用于以 “r” 开头的单词，如 “irregular”，“regular” 意为 “规则的”，“irregular” 表示 “不规则的” 。​ 3. dis -​ “dis -” 也表否定。“disconnect”，“connect” 是 “连接”，“disconnect” 就是 “断开连接” 。在文章中若出现 “The accident disconnected the power supply.”，学生依据前缀能明白此句是说 “这场事故导致电源断开” 。又如 “disapprove”，“approve” 意为 “赞成”，“disapprove” 即 “不赞成” 。​ 4. non -​ “non -” 同样用于构成否定意义的词。“nonfiction”，“fiction” 是 “小说（虚构作品）”，“nonfiction” 则表示 “非虚构作品，纪实文学” 。当阅读到 “A lot of people like reading nonfiction.” 时，学生借助前缀可知该句意思是 “很多人喜欢读纪实文学” 。再如 “nonstop”，“stop” 为 “停止”，“nonstop” 表示 “不停的，直达的” 。​ 二、利用表示 “重新”“再次” 意义的前缀 “re ” 猜测词义​ 前缀 “re -” 表示 “重新，再次” 。遇到带有 “re 的单词，通常可理解为对原词动作的重复。例如 “rearrange”，“arrange” 是 “安排”，“rearrange” 就是 “重新安排” 。在句子 “She needs to rearrange the furniture in her room.” 中，学生能通过前缀推测出该句意为 “她需要重新布置房间里的家具” 。又如 “recover”，“cover” 有 “覆盖；涉及” 等含义，“recover” 则表示 “重新覆盖；恢复（健康、原状等）” ，如 “He is recovering from his illness.”（他正在从疾病中恢复） 。​ 三、利用表示 “预先” 意义的前缀 “pre ” 猜测词义​ pre -表示 “预先” 。“preview”，“view” 是 “看”，“preview” 意为 “预习，预览” 。在英语学习中，老师常提醒学生 “Preview the text before class.”，学生根据前缀能明白是要 “课前预习课文” 。“prepare”，“pare” 有 “准备” 之意，“prepare” 即 “预先准备，准备” 。文章中提到 “They are preparing for the exam.”，学生借助前缀可理解为 “他们正在为考试做准备” 。再如 “predict”，“dict” 有 “说” 的含义（如 “dictionary” 字典，是把单词的解释说出来的工具），“predict” 表示 “预测” ，像 “Scientists predict that there will be a strong earthquake in this area.”（科学家预测这个地区将会发生强烈地震） 。​ 四、利用表示 “超过”“过度” 意义的前缀 “over ” 猜测词义​ over -有 “超过，过度” 的含义。“overload”，“load” 是 “负荷，负载”，“overload” 表示 “过载，超载” 。当看到句子 “The truck is overloaded.” 时，学生通过前缀能知道句子意思是 “这辆卡车超载了” 。“overeat”，“eat” 是 “吃”，“overeat” 就是 “暴饮暴食，吃得过多” 。在描述健康问题的文章中可能会出现 “Don't overeat, or it will harm your health.”，学生借助前缀可理解为 “不要暴饮暴食，否则会损害你的健康” 。“overlook”，“look” 是 “看”，“overlook” 原义是 “从上方看，俯瞰”，也有 “忽略”（看得太多，忽略了一些细节）的意思 ，如 “He overlooked a small mistake in his homework.”（他忽略了作业中的一个小错误） 。​ 五、利用表示 “在…… 下面”“低于” 意义的前缀 “under ” 猜测词义​ under -表示 “在…… 下面，低于” 。“underwater”，“water” 是 “水”，“underwater” 表示 “水下的” 。文章中若描述 “Some plants can grow underwater.”，学生根据前缀可知意思为 “一些植物能在水下生长” 。“underestimate”，“estimate” 是 “估计”，“underestimate” 就是 “低估” 。如 “She underestimated the difficulty of the task.”（她低估了这项任务的难度） 。“undergraduate”，“graduate” 有 “毕业” 之意，“undergraduate” 表示 “（尚未毕业的）大学生，本科生”，即在毕业水平之下 。​ 六、利用表示 “反对”“抵抗” 意义的前缀 “anti ” 猜测词义​ anti -表示 “反对，抵抗” 。“antifreeze”，“freeze” 是 “结冰”，“antifreeze” 就是 “防冻剂” 。在汽车相关的文章中可能会提到 “Put some antifreeze in the car's radiator in winter.”，学生借助前缀能明白是说 “冬天在汽车散热器里加些防冻剂” 。“antiwar”，“war” 是 “战争”，“antiwar” 表示 “反战的” 。当阅读到 “Many people joined the antiwar movement.” 时，学生通过前缀可知该句意为 “很多人参加了反战运动” 。“antibiotic”，“bio” 有 “生命” 的含义（如 “biology” 生物学），“antibiotic” 表示 “抗生素”，即抵抗细菌等生命体的物质 。​ 七、利用表示 “共同”“一起” 意义的前缀 “co -” 猜测词义​ co -表示 “共同，一起” 。“cooperate”，“operate” 是 “操作，运转”，“cooperate” 表示 “合作” 。在团队合作相关的文章中常见到 “We need to cooperate with each other to finish this project.”，学生根据前缀能理解为 “我们需要彼此合作来完成这个项目” 。“coexist”，“exist” 是 “存在”，“coexist” 就是 “共存” 。例如 “Different species coexist in the same ecosystem.”（不同物种在同一生态系统中共存） 。“coauthor”，“author” 是 “作者”，“coauthor” 表示 “合著者” 。​ 八、利用表示 “前”“先前的” 意义的前缀 “ex -” 猜测词义​ ex -表示 “前，先前的” 。“ex husband”，“husband” 是 “丈夫”，“ex husband” 表示 “前夫” 。在人物关系描述的文章中若出现 “She met her ex husband on the street.”，学生通过前缀可知意思为 “她在街上遇到了她的前夫” 。“ex president”，“president” 是 “总统”，“ex president” 表示 “前总统” 。如 “The ex president made a speech yesterday.”（前总统昨天发表了演讲） 。 综合实战演练 1 Paper-cut, with a history of over 1,500 years, is a special kind of Chinese art. In Chinese culture, people think the tiger is brave and powerful. Let’s make a beautiful paper-cut tiger together! What you need: *A pencil    *A ruler    * Scissors * Brush and glue    *A4 white paper    *A4 background card How to do: 1. Draw a simple outline of a tiger body on paper to fill about half an A4 paper. Then cut it out. 2. Fold (折叠) the body in half, then in half again. Cut some thin triangles across the folded edges (边缘). Keep the cuts to the middle area of the paper. 3. Carefully open out the paper and flatten (压平) the folds. Now you have the stripes (条纹) for the body. Next, make small stripes along the legs. 4. Cut out a 12cm*10cm rectangle from the left-over paper. Fold it in half, draw half a head then cut it out. Cut out a curled tail. 5. Keeping the head folded, draw an eye, nose and mouth. Cut them out. Make eyeholes and stripes by cutting across the folded edge. 6. Make small cuts along the tail and around the head. Brush glue over the back of the body, head and tail and stick onto the background card. Chinese people make many beautiful paper-cuts of different animals to show their culture. Your paper-cut tiger can be a special gift to share this piece of Chinese art with others. 1．What do you need in the first step? A．A pencil, a scissor and paper. B．A pencil, a ruler and a brush. C．A ruler, a scissor and paper. D．A pencil, a ruler and paper. 2．Which of the following picture shows the third step? A． B． C． D． 3．What should you do after brushing glue over the back of the body? A．Cut some thin triangles. B．Draw half a head then cut it up. C．Make eyeholes and stripes. D．Stick onto the background card. 4．In which section of a magazine would you probably read the text? A．Animal World. B．Environment. C．Do It Yourself. D．How to Draw. 2 How to make a snowman out of a sock and rice Step 1: Fill Fill the sock with rice to the wanted size of your snowman. Shake the sock gently to make sure the rice is evenly distributed (均匀分布) .    Step 2: Tie Tie off the top of the sock with the rubber band (橡皮筋) to keep the rice inside. Tie another rubber band about 2/3 of the way up from the bottom of the sock to form the body. Tie another rubber band near the top to form the head. Step 3: Decorate Use buttons, beads or small pieces of cloth to create the snowman’s eyes and nose and glue them onto the face with a hot glue gun. Cut a strip of cloth and tie it around the neck of the snowman to make a scarf. Use the left part of the sock if you cut it off earlier to make a hat. 1．Which step will be easier with a funnel (漏斗) ? A．Step 1. B．Step 2. C．Step 3. D．None. 2．How many rubber bands does it need in Step 2 to make a snowman? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．Where can you read this passage? A．In a DIY magazine. B．In a storybook. C．In a dictionary. D．In a map. 3 Do-it-yourself projects let you design your house, offer a way to save money, but even with step-by-step instructions, DIY’s don’t always go to plan, nearly 80% of homeowners make a mistake while DIY. Here are four of the biggest mistakes that homeowners often make. Taking on Too Much More than 40% of people find DIY projects more difficult and expensive than they thought. By taking on a task that needs more time or skills than you have, you may end up with a big mess and an unfinished project. “It’s important to think about why you want to DIY and what you’re hoping to get out of it” said Bailey Carson, a home care expert. “If you’re doing it just to save money, you might need to think twice. Without the time, tools, and talent to do it correctly and safely, mistakes may cost you more in the long run than simply paying others to help from the beginning.” ________ A third of people used the wrong tool for a DIY project, which can make the job more difficult and less safe. Many tools are designed for special uses and materials, so if you use them for other tasks, you may get hurt. Always use the proper tools for each project, and make sure you know how to use them. Not Safety First DIY mistakes can not only be costly but also dangerous. Of the survey people who once made a big mistake during their DIY projects, 47% said that the mistake led to serious problems, while 44% started a fire or fell off a roof or ladder. Take your time and follow all safety rules when using tools. Wearing dust masks, safety glasses, hearing protection or gloves to protect yourself. Skipping Important Steps Skipping a key step can end up your whole DIY project and you might not realize it until much later. In the survey, 47% of people said that they had finished a DIY project before realizing it was done wrong. Read all instructions carefully ahead of time, and make sure you have the necessary skills to complete each step before you begin. 1．According to Paragraph 2, people who ________ are suitable for DIY. A．want to save money B．want to save time C．are skillful enough D．are careful enough 2．Which of the following should be put in the blank (横线)? A．Using the wrong tools B．Using the special tools C．Using the expensive tools D．Using the proper tools 3．Why did the writer write this passage? A．To tell us DIY is very dangerous. B．To show DIY can help us save money. C．To tell us the importance of DIY. D．To help us keep away from DIY mistakes. 4 DIY, which means Do It Yourself, is quite popular in the UK. Lots of stores and supermarkets sell DIY things. And TV programs teach people how to DIY. English people like DIY. A large number of people spend their holidays making their houses better places to live in. If there is anything that needs fixing around their houses, such as painting the walls or putting a new shower, they will do the jobs by themselves. More and more people enjoy the fun of DIY. Sometimes people also DIY for saving money. They like making their houses better without spending a lot of money. It is not surprising that DIY is so popular. But DIY can be difficult. There is a huge market for DIY furniture (家具) which people need to get together by themselves with a few basic tools. However, people often find it not easy to build a piece of furniture because they can’t understand the guide book. DIY can also be dangerous. For example, anything electrical (带电的) should be done by a professional worker. But many people don’t care about this warning and put themselves in danger. Last year, over 230, 000 people were hurt when they did DIY in the UK, including 41, 000 that fell from ladders (梯子). DIY can bring us fun and help us save money, but it is not always as easy as we think if we bite off (咬掉) more than we can chew (咀嚼) . Maybe factories should make more products that are easier and safer for us to DIY. 1．According to the passage, many English people usually ________ during their holidays. A．do something to make their houses better B．get together with their friends C．travel to another city with their family D．go to stores and supermarkets 2．English people like DIY, because it is ________. ①more fun    ②safer    ③cheaper    ④easier A．①② B．①③ C．①④ D．③④ 3．What does the writer think of DIY? A．DIY needs a lot of money and time. B．It is always easy to DIY. C．We should be careful when doing DIY. D．We can DIY anything at home. 4．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 means ________ in this passage. A．we eat more than we can B．we eat less than we can C．we do something that is too difficult D．we do something that is too easy 5 You may know how to make a paper airplane, but can you make a paper helicopter (直升机)? Here is how! You’ll need One sheet of paper; one paper clip (回形针) Steps First, put the paper over this page. Trace (沿着) the pattern onto the paper. Next, fold (折叠) the sides... Finally, hold the “helicopter” and throw it hard into the air. The “helicopter” won’t fall straight to the ground. Instead, I will spin (旋转) its wings and fall slowly down like a real one. 1．The text and the pictures above tell us how to ________. A．make a helicopter B．draw a helicopter C．fly a paper helicopter D．make a paper helicopter 2．How many steps does the writer show us in this activity? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．What may NOT be needed in making the “helicopter”? A．Water. B．Paper. C．A paper clip. D．A pair of scissors (剪刀). 4．Which question can we find the answer to? A．What things should we prepare? B．Who might be interested in this activity? C．Why does the paper helicopter fall straight to the ground? D．How many steps should we take in drawing a helicopter? 5．What kind of text is this? A．A story. B．A report. C．A piece of news. D．Instructions of making something. 6 How to make festive gift tags (标签)? In recent years, zero-waste living has been from fashionable topics to a way of life for many people, including myself. And I’ve got an interesting way to help reduce some of that waste. Last year, I created some free templates (模板) for reusable, zero-waste embroidered (刺绣) gift tags, and I’m excited to stitch (缝) up some more this year. Each one can be made in less than 20 minutes, then reused over and over. Let me show you my steps: • Print out the gift tag templates, then cut out the design you want to make. If you’re making the tags in a card, print them directly onto your card stock—but if you’re making them in felt (毛毡), print them onto paper and draw the design onto the felt with tailor chalk. • Using your sewing needle and embroidery thread, stitch the design on the template using the dots as a guide. It’s best to use a back stitch to create the design. If you’re stitching them in felt, you can stitch through both the paper template and the felt, then get away the paper at the end. If you’re stitching a card tag, try not to bend or tear the card as you do this. It might take a little practice to get a good feel for it. • Build up the design until it’s finished, using as many colours of thread as you want. • Tie off the ends and cut away the extra thread. • Finally, tie a loop to the top of the tags, and stick the tag to your gifts. The easiness of these tags makes them the perfect low effort but high effect project. They’re perfect for a relaxing afternoon with friends, or you could sit on the sofa with a festive film and create some. It’s even more fun with a cup of hot chocolate! 1．The passage probably comes from ________. A．a fashion magazine B．a shopping guide C．a DIY instruction D．a sports weekly 2．Which of the following sentence is TRUE? A．If you’re making the tags in felt, print the design onto it. B．If you’re stitching a card tag, bending or tearing the card will be better. C．Before sticking the tag to your gifts, you should tie a loop to the top of the tags. D．Each zero-waste embroidered gift tags usually takes me at least 20 minutes to finish. 3．Which of the following example doesn’t match with “low effort but high effect”? A．Reading a book to spend a lazy happy afternoon. B．Riding a sharing-bicycle around a beautiful city. C．Buying a robot to do some cleaning when you’re at home. D．Using sugar paper to make flowers to decorate your bedroom. 7 Ren Kexin is preparing a New Year gift for her best friend. It is a cross stitch （十字绣）. Making the gift takes up a lot of her free time. “I’m interested in making gifts myself,” said the girl in Grade 10, “and I believe my friend will like it very much.” Many Chinese students make gifts instead of buying them. Ren is one of them. A DIY gift is not only cheaper but also interesting to make and it has a special meaning. Teenagers also make other gifts like bracelets（手链） and Chinese knots. “Gift shops may sell many of them, but any gift you make yourself is unique（独一无二的）,” Zheng Ruobing, a 16-year-old girl said. She once made a gift for an American teacher. Her teacher was excited with the cross stitch. However, not all students are DIY fans. Luo Dinghan thinks making gifts is a waste of time. “I often buy gifts for my friends, as time is more important than money,” he said. “And some gifts you get from shops are much more beautiful.” 1．The report says that making a DIY gift may ________. A．be easy B．be boring C．take much time D．cost much 2．The report tells many good points of DIY gifts EXCEPT that ________. A．they are interesting to make B．they have special meanings C．they are cheap to make D．they look very beautiful 3．Zheng Ruobing ________ her American teacher. A．made a cross stitch for B．bought a bracelet for C．made a Chinese knot for D．got a cross stitch from 4．The Chinese meaning of the underlined word “waste” should be “________”. A．珍惜 B．浪费 C．投资 D．节约 5．Luo Dinghan thinks ________. A．gifts from shops cost more money B．money is more important than time C．DIY is a waste of time D．DIY gifts can be more popular than gifts from shops 8 Name: Alice        Age: 11        Country: Australia     My father taught me to play chess when I was five years old. I went to my first competition（比赛）when I was eight years old. I was so excited when I won a trophy（奖杯）! I want to be the best chess player in the world. I know I’m on my way! Name: Josh        Age: 14        Country: the UK     I started cooking when my aunt sent me a cookbook on my birthday. I was only ten. At first I only made cakes, but now I love making meals for my family. Last week, I won a cooking competition. My prize（奖品）is a visit to an expensive London restaurant next week. I’m spending the day there with a famous cook. He’s going to teach me some delicious dishes. One day, I’m going to open my restaurant. Name: Eliza        Age: 10        Country: the US     Everyone in my family is good at something. My father is good at playing baseball and my brother swims well. My mother plays the piano beautifully. One day I was listening to her and suddenly I knew I wanted to try. I loved it! I started lessons when I was six, and soon I was performing（表演）and winning competitions all over the country. Next month, I’m going to travel to Japan to play in a big hall. 1．At what age did Alice go to her first competition? A．At 5. B．At 8. C．At 10. D．At 11. 2．What is Josh’s prize? A．A cookbook. B．A visit to a restaurant. C．Working with a famous cook. D．Enjoying some delicious meals. 3．Who plays baseball well in Eliza’s family? A．Eliza. B．Eliza’s mother. C．Eliza’s father. D．Eliza’s brother. 4．What is Eliza going to do next month? A．Perform in Japan. B．Take piano lessons. C．Swim with her brother. D．Go to a competition. 5．What do Alice, Josh and Eliza mainly talk about? A．What their family like. B．What prizes they have. C．What they are good at. D．What their plans are. 9 There are lots of little things that we use around the house every day. Many of these things, such as cleaning and beauty products(产品), help us keep both our bodies and homes fresh and clean. However, these products can sometimes be boring or even have chemicals(化学物质) that aren’t good for us. Michael Pieprzyk, a healthcare worker from Virginia, US, has a creative way to solve this problem. He makes his own soap to use at home. He first got this idea from his daughter, in fact. “I have a daughter who often gets headaches from popular scented(有香味的) soaps that are sold in stores. I would like to find scents that would be good for her health,” he said. He uses palm oils(棕榈油) to make his soap, along with a bit of lye(碱液) and some water. This recipe, although simple, results in beautiful pieces of soap that are not only less harsh(刺激性强的) for his daughter than common soap in shops, but also cheaper. Pieprzyk said that making the soap himself allows him to both save money and exercise his creativity. He can also make more special soap by using unusual oils and fragrances(香味). Pieprzyk doesn’t sell his soap. Instead, he gives it away to friends and coworkers as a gift. He also offers it to some groups in the city that help people in need. Although his job and family keep him busy, Pieprzyk has been happy to find time to work on this hobby. “Creating soap gave me a way to do things creatively and make a product that my home can use every day,” he said. 1．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．To introduce little things around the house. B．To show some cleaning and beauty products. C．To teach us how to keep our bodies fresh and clean. D．To tell us some daily products may have problems. 2．In the passage, Pieprzyk would like to make his own soap ____________. A．in a difficult way B．in an expensive way C．in a creative way D．in a popular way 3．What does Pieprzyk do with his soap? a. He sells it in stores.             b. He gives it away as a gift. c. He offers it to people in need.         d. He uses it at home. A．abc B．abd C．acd D．bcd 4．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE？ A．All the beauty products have chemicals that aren’t good for us. B．Pieprzyk began to make his own soap because of his son. C．Pieprzyk can make more than one kind of soap using different oils. D．It is hard for Pieprzyk to find time to make soap by himself. 5．What can we learn about Pieprzyk in the passage? A．He works as a healthcare scientist in Virginia, US. B．He knows how to do everything healthily in life. C．Making soap has become one of his hobbies recently. D．Making soap helps him to get a new job easily. 10 Social media (媒体) is a big part of most people’s lives. There are social apps and sites like WeChat and Sina Weibo, as well as video apps like Douyin and Kuaishou. How do you behave when you use these apps? Recently researchers at the University of Sussex, UK, studied social media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old. They found that they can be divided into four personality types. Geeks (极客) Geeks are active social media users, but they find it much more difficult to deal with the life in the real world. Most of them are boys who like playing computer games and making music and videos. They often post creative works online, using fake (假的) names. In fact, they should avoid spending too much time on the Internet. Internet celebrities Internet celebrities like sharing as well, but they are much more visible (看得见的) than geeks. They might become well-known for their singing or dancing. But many of them, especially teenagers, share almost every side of their lives in order to own more fans. Being a teenage Internet celebrity can sometimes cause problems in the real world. Lurkers (潜伏者) The first two groups are lucky to find a place to show their talent. But most teenagers fall into the third type—“lurkers”, or people who are neither too active nor visible. This group prefers WeChat over Sina Weibo, as WeChat has private groups. They can’t express themselves well but at least they make sure to protect their personal information. Victims (受害者) Victims don’t have enough knowledge to keep themselves safe online. Their personal information can be made public and cause problems for them. To avoid being a victim, you should check your personal settings on social media. “Friends only” is a good choice for your posts. Don’t share your personal information. 1．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Researchers at the University of Sussex, UK. B．Social media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old. C．Researchers and social media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old. D．The most popular social apps and sites that people like to use. 2．What do geeks often do on the Internet according to the passage? A．They share almost every side of their lives. B．They share their personal information. C．They post creative works. D．They are well-known for dancing and singing. 3．The underlined phrase “Internet celebrity” in Paragraph 4 means ________ in Chinese. A．网络用户 B．网络名人 C．网络博主 D．网络写手 4．Which of the following is TRUE about lurkers? A．They would rather use WeChat than Sina Weibo. B．This group is both active and visible. C．Lurkers don’t know how to keep their personal information safe online. D．They think it is a good place to show their talent on the Internet. 5．The passage is written to ________ A．offer tips for social media users. B．teach social media users to use different apps. C．describe four personality types of social media users. D．warn us to be careful while surfing on the Internet. 11 You may want a great activity for your younger brothers or sisters to play outside. Here comes an easy DIY course! Let’s learn to make a boat and then play it in a pool! It is so simple that children can easily make one and then have fun. Let’s start now. Tools 3 corks (软木塞), elastic bands (橡皮筋), colored paper, a stick, glue and scissors Steps Choose three corks. Use a stick to make a hole in the middle of a cork. The cork with the hole should be in the middle. Join them together with two elastic bands. Your boat can be better if you glue the corks before that. Then, cut a sail shape (帆形) and a triangle shape (三角形) out of colored paper. Glue the triangle shape on the top of the stick to make a flag. Make two holes at the top and bottom of the sail shape. Put the stick with the flag through the two holes. Remember to cut away the useless part of the stick so that it will be in the right size. After placing the stick into the hole of the middle cork, the boat is completely done! Your boat is ready to set sail. Tips Your little brothers or sisters should get your help when using scissors. Don’t let children play by the pool on their own. If you want to learn more self-made works, please join our DIY Club! 1．Which of the following things are needed in the DIY course? a. cork   b. stick    c. rope    d. scissors    e. glue    f. tape A．bcef B．bcde C．abde D．abce 2．The underlined “that” refers to _________ . A．choosing the three corks B．joining corks together C．placing corks in order D．making a hole in the cork 3．According to the writer, the correct step of making a boat is _________ . a. make a hole in the middle of a cork with a stick b. place the stick into the hole of the middle cork c. use colored paper to cut a sail and a triangle shape d. glue the triangle shape on the top of the stick to make a flag e. glue three corks together and join them with two elastic bands f. put the stick with the flag through the holes of the sail shape A．aebcfd B．eadfcb C．cdeafb D．aecdfb 4．According to the passage, children should not _________ when doing the DIY job. A．use elastic bands B．float the boat in a pool alone C．glue the flag on top D．ask for help when cutting a stick 5．You may read the passage from a _________ . A．story B．newspaper C．poster D．comic book 12 Have you ever seen a windsock blowing in the wind? Well, you can make one of your own! This is a fun game that you can do with things you may have at home. You just need to follow a few easy steps. You will need: ● one piece of colored paper ● five ribbons ● strong tape ● a string ● a pencil What to do: Step 1: Decorate the paper. You can draw pictures on it. You can write your name. Do anything that will make it special to you. Step 2: Roll the paper into the shape of a tube. Then stick the tube together at each end and in the middle with a strong tape. Step 3: Use a pencil to make a hole into both sides of the tube. The holes should be only on one end of the tube. Pull the string through both holes. Then tie the ends of the string together. Step 4: Make five holes around the top of the other end of the tube. Put a ribbon through each of the holes. Tie firmly in case they get loose. Now your windsock is ready to use, but how does it work? Wind flows through the tube and makes it fly and dance around. Hold the windsock up in the air by its string and run around. It will fly behind you. You can also hang it outside and watch it dance around on its own! 1．Which of the following is needed for Step 2? A．Ribbons. B．Tape. C．A pencil. D．A string. 2．Where can you read this article? A．In a novel. B．In a map. C．In a DIY book. D．In a story book. 13 Welcome to Tanghulu DIY ActivityTanghulu is a special food for many Chinese. It is red. It tastes sweet and sour (酸的). It is famous all over China. People in Beijing like it most. Do you want to know more about Tanghulu? Just come and take part in “Tanghulu DIY Activity”. Date: 9:30--11:00 a.m. December 2nd 3:30--5:00 p.m. December 3rdWho can join in: Children aged from 5 to 12 What to do:   Know about the history of Tanghulu   Have a game about Tanghulu (the winners can get a box of Tanghulu)   DIY: (children aged over 8) make Tanghulu by yourselves (children aged 5 to 7) draw a picture of Tanghulu. Place: Zhongshan Park Ticket: 10 yuan for one child You can buy the tickets at “www.zhongshan park.com”. If you want to know more about the activity, you can call 0763-3503829. 1．People from which city like Tanghulu most? A．Guangzhou. B．Beijing. C．Shanghai. D．Hangzhou. 2．When can the children take part in the activity? A．11:30 a.m. December 2nd. B．4:00 p.m. December 2nd. C．10:00 a.m. December 3rd. D．4:00 p.m. December 3rd. 3．What can the winners of the game get? A．A box of Tanghulu. B．A box of candies. C．A picture about Tanghulu. D．A book about Tanghulu. 4．If little Tom and his two friends want to join in the activity, how much should they pay? A．¥10. B．¥20. C．¥30. D．¥40. 5．What kind of text is it? A．A poster. B．A report. C．A story. D．A letter. ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(译林版2024) Unit 4 Hands-on fun主题阅读 必备知识清单 单元主题阅读 一、阅读主题 本单元阅读聚焦于通过亲身实践、动手操作来获取乐趣与知识。在这一主题下，学生能够深入探索各种DIY（Do It Yourself）活动，如手工制作、家居维修、烹饪尝试等。 1.主题内涵 强调个体主动参与到具体活动中，通过双手操作完成任务或创造物品。例如在制作纸玫瑰时，学生需要动手折叠纸张、裁剪形状并粘贴组合（You can fold the paper like this, and cut the flower shapes. Then tape or glue the pieces together）；又如在搭建书架时，要测量木材、切割木板并进行组装（measure the wood, cut the boards and assemble them）。这种亲身实践能让学生充分体验到从无到有的创造过程，感受每一个步骤带来的变化与成果。 2.素养体现 ①语言能力：学生在描述制作过程、分享经验以及阅读相关资料时，能够锻炼英语的听说读写能力。例如在阅读DIY项目说明时理解复杂的指令（First, twist a piece of cloth and tie it with thread. Then, dye the material），在交流中准确表达自己的制作想法和遇到的问题（I want to make a wooden box, but I don't know how to cut the wood evenly）。 ②思维品质：在面对各种动手任务时，需要分析步骤、规划流程、解决遇到的问题，从而培养逻辑思维和批判性思维。比如在修理家具时，思考损坏的原因并制定修复方案（The chair is wobbly. Maybe the legs are loose. I need to tighten the screws）。 ③文化意识：了解不同国家和地区的DIY文化，如一些西方国家盛行的自己动手装修房屋、制作节日装饰品等。例如，在圣诞节时，许多家庭会自己动手制作姜饼屋（make gingerbread houses），这不仅是一种手工活动，还承载着特定的节日文化内涵。 3. 策略要求 ①预测策略：在阅读DIY文章前，学生可根据标题、图片等预测文章内容。比如看到一篇标题为“How to Make a Tie dyed T shirt”的文章，结合图片中彩色的T恤，能预测文章会介绍扎染T恤的材料、步骤等（The article may introduce the materials like dye, cloth and the steps such as twisting the cloth, tying it and dyeing）。 ②细节理解：在阅读过程中，关注关键信息，如制作步骤、所需材料等。例如在阅读制作蛋糕的食谱时，留意每种材料的用量和添加顺序（Add two eggs, one cup of sugar, and then mix them well）。 ③总结归纳：阅读结束后，能总结整个制作过程或文章要点。如读完关于制作风筝的文章后，能概括出从准备竹条、纸张到绘制图案、组装风筝的主要步骤（First, prepare bamboo strips and paper. Then, draw patterns on the paper and assemble the kite parts）。 4. 文化品质 ①创新与创造：鼓励学生在传统DIY活动基础上进行创新。例如在制作陶艺作品时，不局限于常规形状，创造独特的造型（Instead of making a regular pot, I want to create a pot in the shape of an animal）。 ②耐心与专注：许多DIY活动需要花费较长时间和精力，培养学生在过程中保持耐心和专注。如制作一幅复杂的刺绣作品，可能需要数周甚至数月，学生在这个过程中学会坚持，注重每一个细节（I need to be patient and focus on each stitch when doing embroidery）。 ③合作与分享：有些DIY项目适合多人合作完成，如班级一起制作大型壁画。在合作中，学生学会沟通协调，完成后分享成果与经验（We worked together to make a big mural for our classroom. After finishing it, we shared our feelings and experiences with each other）。 二、词汇句式 1. 主题词汇 ①DIY活动相关：DIY (do it yourself) 自己动手；craftsmanship手艺；project项目；model模型；sculpture雕塑；embroidery刺绣；knitting编织；sewing缝纫；weaving纺织；carving雕刻；painting绘画；pottery陶艺；origami折纸；patchwork拼布；woodworking木工活；metalworking金属加工；gardening园艺；cooking烹饪；baking烘焙；decorating装饰；repairing修理 ②材料工具类：material材料；tool工具；wood木材；metal金属；plastic塑料；cloth布料；paper纸张；string绳子；thread线；glue胶水；tape胶带；nail钉子；screw螺丝；hammer锤子；saw锯子；scissors剪刀；knife刀；brush刷子；paint颜料；dye染料；needle针；sewing machine缝纫机；drill钻；pliers钳子；trowel泥刀；rake耙子；spade铲子；oven烤箱；pan平底锅；mixer搅拌器 ③动作描述类：make制作；create创造；build建造；assemble组装；construct构造；design设计；decorate装饰；repair修理；fix固定；twist扭曲；fold折叠；cut切割；stick粘贴；attach附上；paint绘画；dye染色；knit编织；sew缝制；weave纺织；carve雕刻；sculpt雕塑；plant种植；cook烹饪；bake烘焙；mix混合；measure测量；pour倒；stir搅拌；hammer锤打；saw锯；nail钉；screw用螺丝固定 ④成果与状态类：product产品；result结果；finished完成的；completed完整的；neat整洁的；messy凌乱的；unique独特的；creative有创意的；broken损坏的；fixed修好的；decorated装饰好的；delicious美味的；beautiful漂亮的；ugly丑陋的 2. 主题句式 ①表达想要做某事 I want to make... 我想制作……（I want to make a paper boat.） I would like to create... 我想要创造……（I would like to create a piece of art.） I plan to build... 我计划建造……（I plan to build a small bookshelf.） I am going to start a project of... 我打算开始一个……的项目（I am going to start a project of making a model plane.） ②询问制作相关 What do I need to make... 制作……我需要什么？（What do I need to make a cake ） How can I make... 我怎样才能制作……？（How can I make a scarf ） Where can I get the materials for... 我在哪里能得到制作……的材料？（Where can I get the materials for making a wooden box ） Do you know how to... 你知道如何……吗？（Do you know how to sew a button ） ③描述制作步骤 First, + 动词原形... 首先，……（First, cut the paper into squares.） Then, + 动词原形... 然后，……（Then, fold the paper in half.） Next, + 动词原形... 接下来，……（Next, draw a pattern on the paper.） After that, + 动词原形... 在那之后，……（After that, glue the pieces together.） Finally, + 动词原形... 最后，……（Finally, paint the finished product.） ④表达制作结果与感受 The result is... 结果是……（The result is a beautiful flower.） I am happy/satisfied with the finished... 我对完成的……感到开心/满意（I am happy with the finished painting.） It turned out... 结果是……（It turned out great.） Making... gives me a sense of achievement. 制作……给我一种成就感。（Making a dress gives me a sense of achievement.） ⑤给出建议 You should... 你应该……（You should use a sharp knife to cut the wood.） You’d better... 你最好……（You’d better wear gloves when painting.） It’s a good idea to... 做……是个好主意（It’s a good idea to measure twice before cutting.） Why not... 为什么不……呢？（Why not try making a different style of cake ） 三、阅读策略 1. 预测内容 在阅读前，引导学生观察文章标题、副标题、图片、图表等信息来预测文章内容。例如，一篇文章标题为“DIY Home Decorating: Transforming Your Living Space”，配有一些漂亮家居装饰的图片，学生可以据此预测文章可能会介绍各种家居装饰的DIY方法，如墙面装饰、家具改造等。这有助于学生在阅读过程中有针对性地寻找信息，提高阅读效率。 还可以根据学生已有的生活经验和知识进行预测。比如在阅读关于制作披萨的文章前，学生可以根据自己吃披萨的经历，猜测制作披萨可能需要的材料有面粉、酵母、番茄酱、芝士、蔬菜等，以及制作过程可能包括揉面、发酵、涂抹酱料、摆放食材、烘烤等步骤。 2. 理解细节 对于介绍DIY步骤的文章，教导学生关注连接词如“first, then, next, after that, finally”等，这些词能清晰地呈现制作过程的先后顺序。例如在文章“Making a Clay Pot”中，“First, prepare the clay. Then, shape it into a pot like form. Next, smooth the surface. After that, let it dry. Finally, paint it with your favorite colors.”学生通过这些连接词能准确理解制作陶土罐的每一个步骤。 强调对数字、尺寸、材料名称等关键细节的关注。在阅读关于制作书架的文章时，“You need two pieces of wood that are 1.5 meters long and 0.2 meters wide.”学生需要注意这些数字信息，以理解制作书架所需木材的规格。 3. 推理判断 当文章中出现一些不熟悉的专业词汇或新的DIY术语时，引导学生根据上下文进行推理。比如在一篇关于木工的文章中提到“Use a chisel to carve the wood.”学生可能不认识“chisel”，但从“carve the wood（雕刻木头）”以及前文提到的工具相关内容，可以推断出“chisel”是一种用于雕刻木头的工具。 在阅读一些包含问题解决的DIY文章时，让学生根据文章中描述的问题和采取的措施进行推理判断。例如文章中提到“After painting the wall, there were some bubbles. To solve this problem, we used a pin to pop them.”学生可以通过推理得出气泡是不好的现象，用针戳破是解决气泡问题的方法。 4. 总结归纳 阅读结束后，要求学生用自己的话总结文章的主要内容，如制作某物品的主要步骤、DIY项目的重点要点等。对于一篇介绍制作纸灯笼的文章，学生总结为“First, fold the paper, then make the frame with sticks, next attach the paper to the frame, and finally add a light source inside. The key is to make the frame strong and the paper well attached.” 可以引导学生制作思维导图或流程图来归纳文章内容。比如对于一篇关于制作水果沙拉的文章，学生可以制作一个简单的流程图：准备水果（清洗、切块）→准备沙拉酱→混合水果和沙拉酱→装盘，这样能更直观地呈现制作过程和文章结构。 核心知识回顾 英语阅读理解过程中通过单词的前缀猜测词义的策略例析​ 一、利用表示否定意义的前缀猜测词义​ 1. un -​ “un -” 是极为常见的表示否定的前缀。在阅读中遇到带有 “un 的单词时，可直接在原词词义基础上添加否定含义。例如 “unexpected”，已知 “expected” 意为 “预期的”，加上 “un ” 后，“unexpected” 的词义即为 “未预期的，意外的” 。再如 “unfriendly”，“friendly” 表示 “友好的”，那么 “unfriendly” 就是 “不友好的” 。当文章中描述 “He gave an unexpected answer.”，学生便能通过前缀快速理解该句意思为 “他给出了一个意外的答案” 。 2. in （il ，im ，ir ） 这一组前缀同样用于表达否定。“in -” 适用范围较广，像 “inaccurate”，“accurate” 意为 “准确的”，“inaccurate” 即 “不准确的” 。“il ” 用于以 “l” 开头的单词，如 “illogical”，“logical” 是 “合乎逻辑的”，“illogical” 则表示 “不合逻辑的” 。在句子 “The plan seems illogical.” 中，学生可根据前缀猜测出句子意思为 “这个计划似乎不合逻辑” 。“im ” 用于以 “m” 或 “p” 开头的单词，例如 “impatient”，“patient” 是 “耐心的”，“impatient” 表示 “不耐烦的” 。“ir ” 用于以 “r” 开头的单词，如 “irregular”，“regular” 意为 “规则的”，“irregular” 表示 “不规则的” 。​ 3. dis -​ “dis -” 也表否定。“disconnect”，“connect” 是 “连接”，“disconnect” 就是 “断开连接” 。在文章中若出现 “The accident disconnected the power supply.”，学生依据前缀能明白此句是说 “这场事故导致电源断开” 。又如 “disapprove”，“approve” 意为 “赞成”，“disapprove” 即 “不赞成” 。​ 4. non -​ “non -” 同样用于构成否定意义的词。“nonfiction”，“fiction” 是 “小说（虚构作品）”，“nonfiction” 则表示 “非虚构作品，纪实文学” 。当阅读到 “A lot of people like reading nonfiction.” 时，学生借助前缀可知该句意思是 “很多人喜欢读纪实文学” 。再如 “nonstop”，“stop” 为 “停止”，“nonstop” 表示 “不停的，直达的” 。​ 二、利用表示 “重新”“再次” 意义的前缀 “re ” 猜测词义​ 前缀 “re -” 表示 “重新，再次” 。遇到带有 “re 的单词，通常可理解为对原词动作的重复。例如 “rearrange”，“arrange” 是 “安排”，“rearrange” 就是 “重新安排” 。在句子 “She needs to rearrange the furniture in her room.” 中，学生能通过前缀推测出该句意为 “她需要重新布置房间里的家具” 。又如 “recover”，“cover” 有 “覆盖；涉及” 等含义，“recover” 则表示 “重新覆盖；恢复（健康、原状等）” ，如 “He is recovering from his illness.”（他正在从疾病中恢复） 。​ 三、利用表示 “预先” 意义的前缀 “pre ” 猜测词义​ pre -表示 “预先” 。“preview”，“view” 是 “看”，“preview” 意为 “预习，预览” 。在英语学习中，老师常提醒学生 “Preview the text before class.”，学生根据前缀能明白是要 “课前预习课文” 。“prepare”，“pare” 有 “准备” 之意，“prepare” 即 “预先准备，准备” 。文章中提到 “They are preparing for the exam.”，学生借助前缀可理解为 “他们正在为考试做准备” 。再如 “predict”，“dict” 有 “说” 的含义（如 “dictionary” 字典，是把单词的解释说出来的工具），“predict” 表示 “预测” ，像 “Scientists predict that there will be a strong earthquake in this area.”（科学家预测这个地区将会发生强烈地震） 。​ 四、利用表示 “超过”“过度” 意义的前缀 “over ” 猜测词义​ over -有 “超过，过度” 的含义。“overload”，“load” 是 “负荷，负载”，“overload” 表示 “过载，超载” 。当看到句子 “The truck is overloaded.” 时，学生通过前缀能知道句子意思是 “这辆卡车超载了” 。“overeat”，“eat” 是 “吃”，“overeat” 就是 “暴饮暴食，吃得过多” 。在描述健康问题的文章中可能会出现 “Don't overeat, or it will harm your health.”，学生借助前缀可理解为 “不要暴饮暴食，否则会损害你的健康” 。“overlook”，“look” 是 “看”，“overlook” 原义是 “从上方看，俯瞰”，也有 “忽略”（看得太多，忽略了一些细节）的意思 ，如 “He overlooked a small mistake in his homework.”（他忽略了作业中的一个小错误） 。​ 五、利用表示 “在…… 下面”“低于” 意义的前缀 “under ” 猜测词义​ under -表示 “在…… 下面，低于” 。“underwater”，“water” 是 “水”，“underwater” 表示 “水下的” 。文章中若描述 “Some plants can grow underwater.”，学生根据前缀可知意思为 “一些植物能在水下生长” 。“underestimate”，“estimate” 是 “估计”，“underestimate” 就是 “低估” 。如 “She underestimated the difficulty of the task.”（她低估了这项任务的难度） 。“undergraduate”，“graduate” 有 “毕业” 之意，“undergraduate” 表示 “（尚未毕业的）大学生，本科生”，即在毕业水平之下 。​ 六、利用表示 “反对”“抵抗” 意义的前缀 “anti ” 猜测词义​ anti -表示 “反对，抵抗” 。“antifreeze”，“freeze” 是 “结冰”，“antifreeze” 就是 “防冻剂” 。在汽车相关的文章中可能会提到 “Put some antifreeze in the car's radiator in winter.”，学生借助前缀能明白是说 “冬天在汽车散热器里加些防冻剂” 。“antiwar”，“war” 是 “战争”，“antiwar” 表示 “反战的” 。当阅读到 “Many people joined the antiwar movement.” 时，学生通过前缀可知该句意为 “很多人参加了反战运动” 。“antibiotic”，“bio” 有 “生命” 的含义（如 “biology” 生物学），“antibiotic” 表示 “抗生素”，即抵抗细菌等生命体的物质 。​ 七、利用表示 “共同”“一起” 意义的前缀 “co -” 猜测词义​ co -表示 “共同，一起” 。“cooperate”，“operate” 是 “操作，运转”，“cooperate” 表示 “合作” 。在团队合作相关的文章中常见到 “We need to cooperate with each other to finish this project.”，学生根据前缀能理解为 “我们需要彼此合作来完成这个项目” 。“coexist”，“exist” 是 “存在”，“coexist” 就是 “共存” 。例如 “Different species coexist in the same ecosystem.”（不同物种在同一生态系统中共存） 。“coauthor”，“author” 是 “作者”，“coauthor” 表示 “合著者” 。​ 八、利用表示 “前”“先前的” 意义的前缀 “ex -” 猜测词义​ ex -表示 “前，先前的” 。“ex husband”，“husband” 是 “丈夫”，“ex husband” 表示 “前夫” 。在人物关系描述的文章中若出现 “She met her ex husband on the street.”，学生通过前缀可知意思为 “她在街上遇到了她的前夫” 。“ex president”，“president” 是 “总统”，“ex president” 表示 “前总统” 。如 “The ex president made a speech yesterday.”（前总统昨天发表了演讲） 。 综合实战演练 1 Paper-cut, with a history of over 1,500 years, is a special kind of Chinese art. In Chinese culture, people think the tiger is brave and powerful. Let’s make a beautiful paper-cut tiger together! What you need: *A pencil    *A ruler    * Scissors * Brush and glue    *A4 white paper    *A4 background card How to do: 1. Draw a simple outline of a tiger body on paper to fill about half an A4 paper. Then cut it out. 2. Fold (折叠) the body in half, then in half again. Cut some thin triangles across the folded edges (边缘). Keep the cuts to the middle area of the paper. 3. Carefully open out the paper and flatten (压平) the folds. Now you have the stripes (条纹) for the body. Next, make small stripes along the legs. 4. Cut out a 12cm*10cm rectangle from the left-over paper. Fold it in half, draw half a head then cut it out. Cut out a curled tail. 5. Keeping the head folded, draw an eye, nose and mouth. Cut them out. Make eyeholes and stripes by cutting across the folded edge. 6. Make small cuts along the tail and around the head. Brush glue over the back of the body, head and tail and stick onto the background card. Chinese people make many beautiful paper-cuts of different animals to show their culture. Your paper-cut tiger can be a special gift to share this piece of Chinese art with others. 1．What do you need in the first step? A．A pencil, a scissor and paper. B．A pencil, a ruler and a brush. C．A ruler, a scissor and paper. D．A pencil, a ruler and paper. 2．Which of the following picture shows the third step? A． B． C． D． 3．What should you do after brushing glue over the back of the body? A．Cut some thin triangles. B．Draw half a head then cut it up. C．Make eyeholes and stripes. D．Stick onto the background card. 4．In which section of a magazine would you probably read the text? A．Animal World. B．Environment. C．Do It Yourself. D．How to Draw. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文讲了如何做老虎剪纸。 1．细节理解题。根据“Draw a simple outline of a tiger body on paper to fill about half an A4 paper. Then cut it out.”可知第一步需要在纸上画老虎身体，然后剪出来。故需要用到铅笔、纸和剪刀。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“Carefully open out the paper and flatten (压平) the folds. Now you have the stripes (条纹) for the body. Next, make small stripes along the legs.”可知，此步骤要把纸打开，弄平整，沿着腿剪出条纹，B选项的图片符合，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第六步“Make small cuts along the tail and around the head. Brush glue over the back of the body, head and tail and stick onto the background card.”可知在老虎身体上涂上胶水之后，接下来把它粘贴在背景卡片上。故选D。 4．推理判断题。本文主要讲如何做老虎剪纸，属于DIY范畴，故选C。 2 How to make a snowman out of a sock and rice Step 1: Fill Fill the sock with rice to the wanted size of your snowman. Shake the sock gently to make sure the rice is evenly distributed (均匀分布) .    Step 2: Tie Tie off the top of the sock with the rubber band (橡皮筋) to keep the rice inside. Tie another rubber band about 2/3 of the way up from the bottom of the sock to form the body. Tie another rubber band near the top to form the head. Step 3: Decorate Use buttons, beads or small pieces of cloth to create the snowman’s eyes and nose and glue them onto the face with a hot glue gun. Cut a strip of cloth and tie it around the neck of the snowman to make a scarf. Use the left part of the sock if you cut it off earlier to make a hat. 1．Which step will be easier with a funnel (漏斗) ? A．Step 1. B．Step 2. C．Step 3. D．None. 2．How many rubber bands does it need in Step 2 to make a snowman? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．Where can you read this passage? A．In a DIY magazine. B．In a storybook. C．In a dictionary. D．In a map. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了如何用袜子和大米制作雪人。 1．推理判断题。根据“Fill the sock with rice to the wanted size of your snowman.Shake the sock gently to make sure the rice is evenly distributed (均匀分布) .”可知，在步骤1中，将米灌入袜子里时，用漏斗可以更方便地将米倒入而不洒出，因此会更容易。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Tie off the top of the sock with the rubber band (橡皮筋) to keep the rice inside....Tie another rubber band...Tie another rubber band near the top to form the head.”可知，在步骤2中，一共需要三个橡皮筋：一个用于封住袜子的顶部，另两个分别用于形成身体和头部。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“How to make a snowman out of a sock and rice”可知，该篇文章是关于制作手工艺品的指南，因此最有可能出现在DIY杂志中。故选A。 3 Do-it-yourself projects let you design your house, offer a way to save money, but even with step-by-step instructions, DIY’s don’t always go to plan, nearly 80% of homeowners make a mistake while DIY. Here are four of the biggest mistakes that homeowners often make. Taking on Too Much More than 40% of people find DIY projects more difficult and expensive than they thought. By taking on a task that needs more time or skills than you have, you may end up with a big mess and an unfinished project. “It’s important to think about why you want to DIY and what you’re hoping to get out of it” said Bailey Carson, a home care expert. “If you’re doing it just to save money, you might need to think twice. Without the time, tools, and talent to do it correctly and safely, mistakes may cost you more in the long run than simply paying others to help from the beginning.” ________ A third of people used the wrong tool for a DIY project, which can make the job more difficult and less safe. Many tools are designed for special uses and materials, so if you use them for other tasks, you may get hurt. Always use the proper tools for each project, and make sure you know how to use them. Not Safety First DIY mistakes can not only be costly but also dangerous. Of the survey people who once made a big mistake during their DIY projects, 47% said that the mistake led to serious problems, while 44% started a fire or fell off a roof or ladder. Take your time and follow all safety rules when using tools. Wearing dust masks, safety glasses, hearing protection or gloves to protect yourself. Skipping Important Steps Skipping a key step can end up your whole DIY project and you might not realize it until much later. In the survey, 47% of people said that they had finished a DIY project before realizing it was done wrong. Read all instructions carefully ahead of time, and make sure you have the necessary skills to complete each step before you begin. 1．According to Paragraph 2, people who ________ are suitable for DIY. A．want to save money B．want to save time C．are skillful enough D．are careful enough 2．Which of the following should be put in the blank (横线)? A．Using the wrong tools B．Using the special tools C．Using the expensive tools D．Using the proper tools 3．Why did the writer write this passage? A．To tell us DIY is very dangerous. B．To show DIY can help us save money. C．To tell us the importance of DIY. D．To help us keep away from DIY mistakes. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 【解析】本文主要讨论DIY可能遇到的常见错误以及如何避免这些错误。 1．细节理解题。根据“By taking on a task that needs more time or skills than you have,”可知，想要DIY，需要熟练的技能。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“A third of people used the wrong tool for a DIY project, which can make the job more difficult and less safe.”可知，本段叙述的是“使用错误的工具”。故可推知选项A应该填入空处。故选A。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讨论DIY可能遇到的常见错误以及如何避免这些错误。故可推知，作者写这篇文章是为了帮助我们远离DIY错误。故选D。 4 DIY, which means Do It Yourself, is quite popular in the UK. Lots of stores and supermarkets sell DIY things. And TV programs teach people how to DIY. English people like DIY. A large number of people spend their holidays making their houses better places to live in. If there is anything that needs fixing around their houses, such as painting the walls or putting a new shower, they will do the jobs by themselves. More and more people enjoy the fun of DIY. Sometimes people also DIY for saving money. They like making their houses better without spending a lot of money. It is not surprising that DIY is so popular. But DIY can be difficult. There is a huge market for DIY furniture (家具) which people need to get together by themselves with a few basic tools. However, people often find it not easy to build a piece of furniture because they can’t understand the guide book. DIY can also be dangerous. For example, anything electrical (带电的) should be done by a professional worker. But many people don’t care about this warning and put themselves in danger. Last year, over 230, 000 people were hurt when they did DIY in the UK, including 41, 000 that fell from ladders (梯子). DIY can bring us fun and help us save money, but it is not always as easy as we think if we bite off (咬掉) more than we can chew (咀嚼) . Maybe factories should make more products that are easier and safer for us to DIY. 1．According to the passage, many English people usually ________ during their holidays. A．do something to make their houses better B．get together with their friends C．travel to another city with their family D．go to stores and supermarkets 2．English people like DIY, because it is ________. ①more fun    ②safer    ③cheaper    ④easier A．①② B．①③ C．①④ D．③④ 3．What does the writer think of DIY? A．DIY needs a lot of money and time. B．It is always easy to DIY. C．We should be careful when doing DIY. D．We can DIY anything at home. 4．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 means ________ in this passage. A．we eat more than we can B．we eat less than we can C．we do something that is too difficult D．we do something that is too easy 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了英国人喜欢DIY，自己动手做东西，例如自己粉刷墙壁等。DIY可以给人带来很多乐趣，并节约钱。但有些DIY是很难的，而且有些很危险，在DIY时我们要量力而行，注意安全。 1．细节理解题。根据“A large number of people spend their holidays making their houses better places to live in”可知，大部分英国人喜欢在假期里让他们的家成为一个更好的居住的地方。故选A。 2．细节理解题，根据“More and more people enjoy the fun of DIY. Sometimes people also DIY for saving money.”可知，DIY可以给他们带来乐趣，也可以省钱。故选B。 3．推理判断题，根据“DIY can also be dangerous.”可知，DIY也可能很危险，所以在DIY时我们必须要小心。故选C。 4．词句猜测题，根据“DIY can bring us fun and help us save money, but it is not always as easy as we think if we bite off (咬掉) more than we can chew”可知，DIY可以给我们带来乐趣和帮助我们节约钱，但是它并不是总是如我们所认为的那么容易，所以“bite off more than we can chew”指的是“我们做有些事情是很难的”，故选C。 5 You may know how to make a paper airplane, but can you make a paper helicopter (直升机)? Here is how! You’ll need One sheet of paper; one paper clip (回形针) Steps First, put the paper over this page. Trace (沿着) the pattern onto the paper. Next, fold (折叠) the sides... Finally, hold the “helicopter” and throw it hard into the air. The “helicopter” won’t fall straight to the ground. Instead, I will spin (旋转) its wings and fall slowly down like a real one. 1．The text and the pictures above tell us how to ________. A．make a helicopter B．draw a helicopter C．fly a paper helicopter D．make a paper helicopter 2．How many steps does the writer show us in this activity? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．What may NOT be needed in making the “helicopter”? A．Water. B．Paper. C．A paper clip. D．A pair of scissors (剪刀). 4．Which question can we find the answer to? A．What things should we prepare? B．Who might be interested in this activity? C．Why does the paper helicopter fall straight to the ground? D．How many steps should we take in drawing a helicopter? 5．What kind of text is this? A．A story. B．A report. C．A piece of news. D．Instructions of making something. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 【解析】本文主要介绍如何制作纸直升机。 1．主旨大意题。根据“You may know how to make a paper airplane, but can you make a paper helicopter (直升机)? Here is how!”可知本文介绍如何制作纸直升机。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“First…Next…Finally”可知，一共三步，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“One sheet of paper; one paper clip”以及图片所示可知，并没有提到需要“水”，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“You’ll need：One sheet of paper; one paper clip”可知文中解释了“我们应该准备些什么呢？”这个问题，故选A。 5．推理判断题。本文主要介绍如何制作纸直升机。应是一份说明书，故选D。 6 How to make festive gift tags (标签)? In recent years, zero-waste living has been from fashionable topics to a way of life for many people, including myself. And I’ve got an interesting way to help reduce some of that waste. Last year, I created some free templates (模板) for reusable, zero-waste embroidered (刺绣) gift tags, and I’m excited to stitch (缝) up some more this year. Each one can be made in less than 20 minutes, then reused over and over. Let me show you my steps: • Print out the gift tag templates, then cut out the design you want to make. If you’re making the tags in a card, print them directly onto your card stock—but if you’re making them in felt (毛毡), print them onto paper and draw the design onto the felt with tailor chalk. • Using your sewing needle and embroidery thread, stitch the design on the template using the dots as a guide. It’s best to use a back stitch to create the design. If you’re stitching them in felt, you can stitch through both the paper template and the felt, then get away the paper at the end. If you’re stitching a card tag, try not to bend or tear the card as you do this. It might take a little practice to get a good feel for it. • Build up the design until it’s finished, using as many colours of thread as you want. • Tie off the ends and cut away the extra thread. • Finally, tie a loop to the top of the tags, and stick the tag to your gifts. The easiness of these tags makes them the perfect low effort but high effect project. They’re perfect for a relaxing afternoon with friends, or you could sit on the sofa with a festive film and create some. It’s even more fun with a cup of hot chocolate! 1．The passage probably comes from ________. A．a fashion magazine B．a shopping guide C．a DIY instruction D．a sports weekly 2．Which of the following sentence is TRUE? A．If you’re making the tags in felt, print the design onto it. B．If you’re stitching a card tag, bending or tearing the card will be better. C．Before sticking the tag to your gifts, you should tie a loop to the top of the tags. D．Each zero-waste embroidered gift tags usually takes me at least 20 minutes to finish. 3．Which of the following example doesn’t match with “low effort but high effect”? A．Reading a book to spend a lazy happy afternoon. B．Riding a sharing-bicycle around a beautiful city. C．Buying a robot to do some cleaning when you’re at home. D．Using sugar paper to make flowers to decorate your bedroom. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了作者遵从“零浪费生活”，而因此有了一种可实现该生活的方式——制作节日礼品标签，并介绍了制作礼品标签的具体步骤。 1．推理判断题。根据“How to make festive gift tags (标签)?”和“Last year, I created some free templates (模板)...Each one can be made in less than 1 minutes, then reused over and over. Let me show you my steps:”可知，文章主要介绍的是动手制作礼品标签的具体步骤，所以本文很有可能会出现在手工制作操作指南中。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Finally, tie a loop to the top of the tags, and stick the tag to your gifts.”可知，最后要先在标签的顶部系上一个环，然后再把标签粘到礼物上。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“Last year, I created some free templates...Each one can be made in less than 20 minutes, then reused over and over. ”和“The easiness of these tags makes them the perfect low effort but high effect project. ”可知，制作这些标签的成本较低，且花费的时间短，而这些标签却能不断重复使用，这些标签的简易性完美体现了“低成本高成效”，选项C“买一个机器人，当你在家时，由它来打扫卫生。”不符合该理念，因买机器人的成本不低。故选C。 7 Ren Kexin is preparing a New Year gift for her best friend. It is a cross stitch （十字绣）. Making the gift takes up a lot of her free time. “I’m interested in making gifts myself,” said the girl in Grade 10, “and I believe my friend will like it very much.” Many Chinese students make gifts instead of buying them. Ren is one of them. A DIY gift is not only cheaper but also interesting to make and it has a special meaning. Teenagers also make other gifts like bracelets（手链） and Chinese knots. “Gift shops may sell many of them, but any gift you make yourself is unique（独一无二的）,” Zheng Ruobing, a 16-year-old girl said. She once made a gift for an American teacher. Her teacher was excited with the cross stitch. However, not all students are DIY fans. Luo Dinghan thinks making gifts is a waste of time. “I often buy gifts for my friends, as time is more important than money,” he said. “And some gifts you get from shops are much more beautiful.” 1．The report says that making a DIY gift may ________. A．be easy B．be boring C．take much time D．cost much 2．The report tells many good points of DIY gifts EXCEPT that ________. A．they are interesting to make B．they have special meanings C．they are cheap to make D．they look very beautiful 3．Zheng Ruobing ________ her American teacher. A．made a cross stitch for B．bought a bracelet for C．made a Chinese knot for D．got a cross stitch from 4．The Chinese meaning of the underlined word “waste” should be “________”. A．珍惜 B．浪费 C．投资 D．节约 5．Luo Dinghan thinks ________. A．gifts from shops cost more money B．money is more important than time C．DIY is a waste of time D．DIY gifts can be more popular than gifts from shops 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 【解析】本文主要介绍了学生们对于DIY礼物的不同看法。 1．细节理解题。根据“Making the gift takes up a lot of her free time.”可知，制作礼物占据了她很多空闲时间。可见，制作一个DIY礼物可能需要很多时间。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“A DIY gift is not only cheaper but also interesting to make and it has a special meaning.”可知DIY礼物不仅更便宜，而且制作起来也很有趣，而且有着特殊的意义。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Zheng Ruobing, a 16-year-old girl said. She once made a gift for an American teacher. Her teacher was excited with the cross stitch.”可知给一位美国老师做了十字绣。故选A。 4．词义猜测题。根据“I often buy gifts for my friends, as time is more important than money”可知他认为时间比钱重要，所以他认为DIY浪费时间，故此处划线部分意为“浪费”。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“Luo Dinghan thinks making gifts is a waste of time”可知他认为DIY浪费时间。故选C。 8 Name: Alice        Age: 11        Country: Australia     My father taught me to play chess when I was five years old. I went to my first competition（比赛）when I was eight years old. I was so excited when I won a trophy（奖杯）! I want to be the best chess player in the world. I know I’m on my way! Name: Josh        Age: 14        Country: the UK     I started cooking when my aunt sent me a cookbook on my birthday. I was only ten. At first I only made cakes, but now I love making meals for my family. Last week, I won a cooking competition. My prize（奖品）is a visit to an expensive London restaurant next week. I’m spending the day there with a famous cook. He’s going to teach me some delicious dishes. One day, I’m going to open my restaurant. Name: Eliza        Age: 10        Country: the US     Everyone in my family is good at something. My father is good at playing baseball and my brother swims well. My mother plays the piano beautifully. One day I was listening to her and suddenly I knew I wanted to try. I loved it! I started lessons when I was six, and soon I was performing（表演）and winning competitions all over the country. Next month, I’m going to travel to Japan to play in a big hall. 1．At what age did Alice go to her first competition? A．At 5. B．At 8. C．At 10. D．At 11. 2．What is Josh’s prize? A．A cookbook. B．A visit to a restaurant. C．Working with a famous cook. D．Enjoying some delicious meals. 3．Who plays baseball well in Eliza’s family? A．Eliza. B．Eliza’s mother. C．Eliza’s father. D．Eliza’s brother. 4．What is Eliza going to do next month? A．Perform in Japan. B．Take piano lessons. C．Swim with her brother. D．Go to a competition. 5．What do Alice, Josh and Eliza mainly talk about? A．What their family like. B．What prizes they have. C．What they are good at. D．What their plans are. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 【解析】本文介绍了三个人各自的擅长事情。 1．细节理解题。根据“I went to my first competition（比赛）when I was eight years old.”可知，Alice八岁时参加第一个比赛，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“My prize（奖品）is a visit to an expensive London restaurant next week.”可知，奖品是下周去伦敦一家昂贵的餐厅。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“My father is good at playing baseball”可知，Eliza的爸爸棒球打得很好，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Next month, I’m going to travel to Japan to play in a big hall.”可知，下个月要去日本表演。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据“I went to my first competition（比赛）when I was eight years old.”，“Last week, I won a cooking competition.”和“I started lessons when I was six, and soon I was performing（表演）and winning competitions all over the country. ”可知，三个人都在讲述自己擅长的事情，故选C。 9 There are lots of little things that we use around the house every day. Many of these things, such as cleaning and beauty products(产品), help us keep both our bodies and homes fresh and clean. However, these products can sometimes be boring or even have chemicals(化学物质) that aren’t good for us. Michael Pieprzyk, a healthcare worker from Virginia, US, has a creative way to solve this problem. He makes his own soap to use at home. He first got this idea from his daughter, in fact. “I have a daughter who often gets headaches from popular scented(有香味的) soaps that are sold in stores. I would like to find scents that would be good for her health,” he said. He uses palm oils(棕榈油) to make his soap, along with a bit of lye(碱液) and some water. This recipe, although simple, results in beautiful pieces of soap that are not only less harsh(刺激性强的) for his daughter than common soap in shops, but also cheaper. Pieprzyk said that making the soap himself allows him to both save money and exercise his creativity. He can also make more special soap by using unusual oils and fragrances(香味). Pieprzyk doesn’t sell his soap. Instead, he gives it away to friends and coworkers as a gift. He also offers it to some groups in the city that help people in need. Although his job and family keep him busy, Pieprzyk has been happy to find time to work on this hobby. “Creating soap gave me a way to do things creatively and make a product that my home can use every day,” he said. 1．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．To introduce little things around the house. B．To show some cleaning and beauty products. C．To teach us how to keep our bodies fresh and clean. D．To tell us some daily products may have problems. 2．In the passage, Pieprzyk would like to make his own soap ____________. A．in a difficult way B．in an expensive way C．in a creative way D．in a popular way 3．What does Pieprzyk do with his soap? a. He sells it in stores.             b. He gives it away as a gift. c. He offers it to people in need.         d. He uses it at home. A．abc B．abd C．acd D．bcd 4．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE？ A．All the beauty products have chemicals that aren’t good for us. B．Pieprzyk began to make his own soap because of his son. C．Pieprzyk can make more than one kind of soap using different oils. D．It is hard for Pieprzyk to find time to make soap by himself. 5．What can we learn about Pieprzyk in the passage? A．He works as a healthcare scientist in Virginia, US. B．He knows how to do everything healthily in life. C．Making soap has become one of his hobbies recently. D．Making soap helps him to get a new job easily. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．C 【解析】本文讲述了Michael Pieprzyk的爱好是自己动手制作肥皂。 1．细节理解题。根据“However, these products can sometimes be boring or even have chemicals(化学物质) that aren’t good for us.”可知，第1段的写作目的就是想告诉我们，日常使用的产品可能会有对我们不好的化学物质。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Michael Pieprzyk, a healthcare worker from Virginia, US, has a creative way to solve this problem. He makes his own soap to use at home.”可知，Pieprzyk用一种有创造性的方法来制作自己的肥皂。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Pieprzyk doesn’t sell his soap. Instead, he gives it away to friends and coworkers as a gift. He also offers it to some groups in the city that help people in need.”可知，Michael Pieprzyk除了自己家用外，他把它们作为礼物送给朋友们或送给需要的人们。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“He can also make more special soap by using unusual oils and fragrances(香味).”可知，他能够用不寻常的油和香味制造多种肥皂。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“‘Creating soap gave me a way to do things creatively and make a product that my home can use every day,’ he said.”可知，制作肥皂成为他的一个爱好。故选C。 10 Social media (媒体) is a big part of most people’s lives. There are social apps and sites like WeChat and Sina Weibo, as well as video apps like Douyin and Kuaishou. How do you behave when you use these apps? Recently researchers at the University of Sussex, UK, studied social media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old. They found that they can be divided into four personality types. Geeks (极客) Geeks are active social media users, but they find it much more difficult to deal with the life in the real world. Most of them are boys who like playing computer games and making music and videos. They often post creative works online, using fake (假的) names. In fact, they should avoid spending too much time on the Internet. Internet celebrities Internet celebrities like sharing as well, but they are much more visible (看得见的) than geeks. They might become well-known for their singing or dancing. But many of them, especially teenagers, share almost every side of their lives in order to own more fans. Being a teenage Internet celebrity can sometimes cause problems in the real world. Lurkers (潜伏者) The first two groups are lucky to find a place to show their talent. But most teenagers fall into the third type—“lurkers”, or people who are neither too active nor visible. This group prefers WeChat over Sina Weibo, as WeChat has private groups. They can’t express themselves well but at least they make sure to protect their personal information. Victims (受害者) Victims don’t have enough knowledge to keep themselves safe online. Their personal information can be made public and cause problems for them. To avoid being a victim, you should check your personal settings on social media. “Friends only” is a good choice for your posts. Don’t share your personal information. 1．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Researchers at the University of Sussex, UK. B．Social media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old. C．Researchers and social media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old. D．The most popular social apps and sites that people like to use. 2．What do geeks often do on the Internet according to the passage? A．They share almost every side of their lives. B．They share their personal information. C．They post creative works. D．They are well-known for dancing and singing. 3．The underlined phrase “Internet celebrity” in Paragraph 4 means ________ in Chinese. A．网络用户 B．网络名人 C．网络博主 D．网络写手 4．Which of the following is TRUE about lurkers? A．They would rather use WeChat than Sina Weibo. B．This group is both active and visible. C．Lurkers don’t know how to keep their personal information safe online. D．They think it is a good place to show their talent on the Internet. 5．The passage is written to ________ A．offer tips for social media users. B．teach social media users to use different apps. C．describe four personality types of social media users. D．warn us to be careful while surfing on the Internet. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 【解析】本文主要讲了青少年使用社交媒体的四种不同的表现方式。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Recently researchers at the University of Sussex, UK, studied social media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old. They found that they can be divided into four personality types.”可知英国的研究者研究了社交媒体的10-15岁的用户，因此判断they指代这些被分为四种类型的青少年用户。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“They often post creative works online, using fake names.”可知极客在线发表自己的作品。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Internet celebrities like sharing as well, but they are much more visible than geeks. They might become well-known for their singing or dancing.”可知，他们是看得见的，可能很出名，因此他们是网络名人。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“But most teenagers fall into the third type—‘lurkers’, or people who are neither too active nor visible. This group prefers WeChat over Sina Weibo, as WeChat has private groups.”可知潜伏者更喜欢使用微信。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据“They found that they can be divided into four personality types”可知，青少年使用社交媒体的四种不同的表现方式。因此写作的目的是介绍社交媒体用户的四种不同的类型。故选C。 11 You may want a great activity for your younger brothers or sisters to play outside. Here comes an easy DIY course! Let’s learn to make a boat and then play it in a pool! It is so simple that children can easily make one and then have fun. Let’s start now. Tools 3 corks (软木塞), elastic bands (橡皮筋), colored paper, a stick, glue and scissors Steps Choose three corks. Use a stick to make a hole in the middle of a cork. The cork with the hole should be in the middle. Join them together with two elastic bands. Your boat can be better if you glue the corks before that. Then, cut a sail shape (帆形) and a triangle shape (三角形) out of colored paper. Glue the triangle shape on the top of the stick to make a flag. Make two holes at the top and bottom of the sail shape. Put the stick with the flag through the two holes. Remember to cut away the useless part of the stick so that it will be in the right size. After placing the stick into the hole of the middle cork, the boat is completely done! Your boat is ready to set sail. Tips Your little brothers or sisters should get your help when using scissors. Don’t let children play by the pool on their own. If you want to learn more self-made works, please join our DIY Club! 1．Which of the following things are needed in the DIY course? a. cork   b. stick    c. rope    d. scissors    e. glue    f. tape A．bcef B．bcde C．abde D．abce 2．The underlined “that” refers to _________ . A．choosing the three corks B．joining corks together C．placing corks in order D．making a hole in the cork 3．According to the writer, the correct step of making a boat is _________ . a. make a hole in the middle of a cork with a stick b. place the stick into the hole of the middle cork c. use colored paper to cut a sail and a triangle shape d. glue the triangle shape on the top of the stick to make a flag e. glue three corks together and join them with two elastic bands f. put the stick with the flag through the holes of the sail shape A．aebcfd B．eadfcb C．cdeafb D．aecdfb 4．According to the passage, children should not _________ when doing the DIY job. A．use elastic bands B．float the boat in a pool alone C．glue the flag on top D．ask for help when cutting a stick 5．You may read the passage from a _________ . A．story B．newspaper C．poster D．comic book 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 【解析】本文主要介绍了一个DIY教程，教孩子们如何用软木塞、橡皮筋和其他工具制作一个简单的小船并放在水池中玩。 1．细节理解题。根据“3 corks (软木塞), elastic bands (橡皮筋), colored paper, a stick, glue and scissors”可知，所需的物品有软木塞 （a）、棍子（b）、剪刀（d）、胶水 （e），故选C。 2．代词指代题。根据“The cork with the hole should be in the middle. Join them together with two elastic bands. Your boat can be better if you glue the corks before that.”（用两条橡皮筋把它们绑在一起。如果你在那之前把软木塞粘好，你的船会更好。）可知，that指代上文的“把软木塞绑在一起”，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Use a stick to make a hole in the middle of a cork. The cork with the hole should be in the middle. Join them together with two elastic bands....Use a stick to make a hole in the middle of a cork. The cork with the hole should be in the middle. Join them together with two elastic bands....Put the stick with the flag through the two holes. ...After placing the stick into the hole of the middle cork, the boat is completely done!”可知，正确的顺序是：a（在软木塞中间戳洞）、e（用胶水将软木塞粘在一起并用橡皮筋固定）、c（用彩纸剪一个帆和一个三角形）、d（用胶水将三角形粘贴在旗杆的顶部作为旗帜）、f（将旗杆穿过帆的两个孔）、b（将旗杆放入中间软木塞的洞中）。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Don’t let children play by the pool on their own.”可知，儿童不应该独自靠近泳池玩，故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“If you want to learn more self-made works, please join our DIY Club!”，可知最可能出现在宣传DIY活动的海报上，故选C。 12 Have you ever seen a windsock blowing in the wind? Well, you can make one of your own! This is a fun game that you can do with things you may have at home. You just need to follow a few easy steps. You will need: ● one piece of colored paper ● five ribbons ● strong tape ● a string ● a pencil What to do: Step 1: Decorate the paper. You can draw pictures on it. You can write your name. Do anything that will make it special to you. Step 2: Roll the paper into the shape of a tube. Then stick the tube together at each end and in the middle with a strong tape. Step 3: Use a pencil to make a hole into both sides of the tube. The holes should be only on one end of the tube. Pull the string through both holes. Then tie the ends of the string together. Step 4: Make five holes around the top of the other end of the tube. Put a ribbon through each of the holes. Tie firmly in case they get loose. Now your windsock is ready to use, but how does it work? Wind flows through the tube and makes it fly and dance around. Hold the windsock up in the air by its string and run around. It will fly behind you. You can also hang it outside and watch it dance around on its own! 1．Which of the following is needed for Step 2? A．Ribbons. B．Tape. C．A pencil. D．A string. 2．Where can you read this article? A．In a novel. B．In a map. C．In a DIY book. D．In a story book. 【答案】1．B 2．C 【解析】本文主要介绍如何制作风向袋。 1．细节理解题。根据“Step 2: …Then stick the tube together at each end and in the middle with a strong tape.”可知，在这个步骤中要用到tape“胶带”。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Well, you can make one of your own! This is a fun game that you can do with things you may have at home. You just need to follow a few easy steps.”并通读全文可知，本文主要介绍如何制作风向袋，属于DIY范畴。故选C。 13 Welcome to Tanghulu DIY ActivityTanghulu is a special food for many Chinese. It is red. It tastes sweet and sour (酸的). It is famous all over China. People in Beijing like it most. Do you want to know more about Tanghulu? Just come and take part in “Tanghulu DIY Activity”. Date: 9:30--11:00 a.m. December 2nd 3:30--5:00 p.m. December 3rdWho can join in: Children aged from 5 to 12 What to do:   Know about the history of Tanghulu   Have a game about Tanghulu (the winners can get a box of Tanghulu)   DIY: (children aged over 8) make Tanghulu by yourselves (children aged 5 to 7) draw a picture of Tanghulu. Place: Zhongshan Park Ticket: 10 yuan for one child You can buy the tickets at “www.zhongshan park.com”. If you want to know more about the activity, you can call 0763-3503829. 1．People from which city like Tanghulu most? A．Guangzhou. B．Beijing. C．Shanghai. D．Hangzhou. 2．When can the children take part in the activity? A．11:30 a.m. December 2nd. B．4:00 p.m. December 2nd. C．10:00 a.m. December 3rd. D．4:00 p.m. December 3rd. 3．What can the winners of the game get? A．A box of Tanghulu. B．A box of candies. C．A picture about Tanghulu. D．A book about Tanghulu. 4．If little Tom and his two friends want to join in the activity, how much should they pay? A．¥10. B．¥20. C．¥30. D．¥40. 5．What kind of text is it? A．A poster. B．A report. C．A story. D．A letter. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A 【解析】本文介绍了DIY糖葫芦活动的一些信息，具体包括时间、活动对象、活动内容、地址和门票。 1．细节理解题。根据“People in Beijing like it most.”可知，北京人最喜欢糖葫芦。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“3:30--5:00 p.m. December 3rd”可知，孩子们可以在12月3日下午4点参加该活动。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“(the winners can get a box of Tanghulu)”可知，获胜者会获得一盒糖葫芦。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Ticket: 10 yuan for one child”可知，小汤姆和他的两个朋友参加活动将花费30元。故选C。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了DIY糖葫芦活动的一些信息，具体包括时间、活动对象、活动内容、地址和门票，由此推知本文是一则海报。故选A。 ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$