Unit 1 Back to school 句子成分和句子结构(单元核心语法精练)英语译林版2020必修第一册

Unit 1 Back to school 核心语法精练(句子成分和句子结构) 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 1 一、单句语法填空(词汇句式全考查) 1-2 二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 2-3 三、分析句子成分并写出基本句型 3-4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 4 题型一 语篇语法填空(课文改编) 4 题型二 语篇语法填空(模考真题) 4-6 一、单句语法填空 1. I want to know your thought ________ side you’re going to be on. 2. Though she comes from a big city, she still keeps ________ the tradition of working hard. 3. ________(Renewable energy) sources like hydropower have minimal environmental impact. 4. The river floods every winter, and this year was ________ exception. 5. The career you have defines your life, ________ so taking time to think about it is an essential exercise for young people. 6. ________(conclude), we have full confidence in an even brighter future of Asia. Let’s work together to make it a reality. 7. It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is ________(respective) 65% and 50%. 8. We live ________(rough) halfway between here and the coast. 9. ________(conclude), despite the challenges, we should be optimistic about the future. 10. Helen Gardner, an art ________(history), thought highly of Leonardo da Vinci. 11. How ________ you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented? 12. All the passengers were more ________ less wounded in the accident that happened in the highway. 13. After working for several weeks, she felt completely burned ________ and needed a break. 14. She started the Ladybug Foundation, a(n) ________(organ) aiming at getting rid of homelessness. 15. We use “________”(elder ) as a polite way of saying that someone is old. 16. This is a fine book: a worthy ________(add) to the series. 17. Now it is home to ________(approximate) 300 folk houses,20 temples and ancestral halls, and 10 opera stages. 18. John Olson, a former ________(photograph) and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. 19. As kids want to see Las Vegas and all ________(it) many attractions, we are going to spend our summer holiday there this year. 20. Frankly ________(speak), I think your pronunciation should be improved. 二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 1. It will be held in the school lecture hall from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. next Friday. 2. Our hard work will finally be rewarded. 3. I won first prize in the English Speech Competition last year. 4. I find my room clean and tidy. 5. I would like to give you some suggestions. 6. They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully. 7. We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon. 8. The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital. 9. What you said just now didn’t make me happy. 10. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 11. Hearing what he said, everybody laughed. 12. Most students in my class like playing chess. 13. His being late made the teacher very angry. 14. The book lying on the desk is on American history. 15. To finish the task on time is impossible. 16. There are many kinds of TV sets on sale in that store. 17. The red flags waved in the wind. 18. Mr. White will give us a talk next week. 19. This bed seems hard. 20. How interesting the film is! 21. He managed to finish the work in time. 22. Tom came to ask me for advice. 23. He found it important to master English. 24. Do you have anything else to say? 25. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good. 26. Would you please tell me your address? 27. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 28. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 29. He noticed a man enter the room. 30. The apples tasted sweet. 三、分析句子成分并写出基本句型 A. 主谓结构     B. 主谓宾结构    C. 主系表结构     D. 主谓宾宾结构 E. 主谓宾宾补结构    F. 主谓状结构    G. 主谓宾状结构    H. There be 句型 1. The 7. 7-magnitude earthquake, which had a great impact due to its large magnitude and relatively shallow depth of about 10 kilometers, struck the northwest of the city of Sagaing in central Myanmar in the early afternoon, followed minutes later by· a 6. 7-magnitude aftershock. 2. Local government departments are teaming up to regulate outdoor smoking behavior at eight scenic spots in Shanghai that are popular with tourists, both from home and abroad. 3. Though the control on indoor smoking has been tightened, the public are making complaints about people smoking while walking, a behavior that not only impacts other people’s health but also poses safety risks. 4. When asked how the kids communicated despite the language barrier, the Chinese vlogger told us that they connected through emotions and music — a pure, wordless kind of interaction. 5. As is reported, a Chinese research team has successfully completed the world’s first transplant of a gene-edited pig liver into a brain-dead human, with the organ showing good physiological function. 6. With its adorable appearance, the doll named “Suan Niao” has become a popular cultural and creative product, selling out many times, thanks to its authentic Wuhan dialect characteristics and the meaning of reconciling people. 7. People who mairtain an exercise routine often find themselves appreciative of the positive changes it brings - not only improving physical health but also effectively relieving stress and anxiety, revitalizing bọth body and mind. 8. As its wings beat gracefully, the bird flew swiftly across the sky, leaving a trail of awe in the eyes of the children who watched it from below, their faces lit up with wonder and excitement, has if they were witnessing a magical moment unfold before them. 9. What impressed me most was that though young and lacking in experience, the little boy was able to solve the difficult math problem all by himself, showing great intelligence and determination. 10. In terms of economic progress, the past decades saw China’s economy grow rapidly, lifting millions of people out of poverty and improving living standards nationwide. 11. We must act. 12. I miss my grandma. 13. He talked too much. 14. He told us a funny story. 15. The teacher was kind and friendly. 16. There’s is a lot to explore at senior high. 17. Tim and his classmates are living on a ship. 18. I had my first maths class at senior high school. 19. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 20. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea. 题型一 语篇语法填空(课文改编) 1. Reading I can’t wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like. The path before you leads 1.________ a world full of challenges. However, when you work hard to get over the challenges，you will have the opportunity 2.________(acquire) great knowledge and enjoy personal growth. Your time and effort at senior high school 3.________(open) the door to your potential. Potential is your natural ability that can 4.________(develop) when you try hard enough. The possibilities are endless. Over the next three years，you will discover your potential 5.________ you develop as a student and as a person. To 6.________(full) realize your potential，it is important for you to make the most of our school resources. Take advantage of your classes，learn from your teachers and classmates，and make use of our school facilities. 7.________ addition，your good study habits，positive attitudes and useful skills are of equal 8.________(important). Last but not least，make efforts 9.________(improve) your communication skills and always look on the bright side. In a word, you need to make 10.________(continue) efforts to realize your great potential. 2. Extended reading The British secondary school day is from around 9 a. m. to 4 p. m. Students usually learn nine subjects. Every student must study English, Maths and the Science subjects 1.________(include) Biology，Chemistry and Physics. John Li found some of them quite 2.________(challenge) and difficult, 3.________(especial) Geography and Biology while maths was quite easy and enjoyable. Luckily, 4.________ the help and encouragement of teachers and classmates, his language skills improved over time. Each teacher has their own classroom and the students move around for every lesson. There were only about 20 students in most classes. In the beginning，however, 5.________ was still tough for him to remember everyone’s name! Class 6.________(discuss) is very important in the UK. Homework was not so much 7.________ he was used to. For lunch，students can eat in the school dining hall. Joining clubs 8.________(be) a great way to meet British students and make friends with them. The 9.________ that attracted him most was the Rugby Club. John Li feels very glad to have the opportunity 10.________(experience) this different way of life. 题型二 语篇语法填空(模考真题) A (2024-2025学年高一上·江苏南通·期中)Mr. Weeks is fifty years old. He’s taught math in a middle school for twenty years. He works and always comes to his office on time. He hopes his students will be honest and he is strict 1 them. Some of his students have become famous persons, 2 they still remember him and often write to him. Of course the man is very 3 (satisfy) them. This term he began to teach Grade One. Some of the new students 4 (tell) about him, but the others didn’t know about him. On the first day of school he told the students how to be 5 honest person. He gave them some examples and said, “I don't like anyone 6 always tells a lie.” Before class was over, he told all his students 7 (do) Exercise 8 in Lesson 1. The next morning, as soon as he came into the classroom, he asked, “Who 8 (finish) Exercise 8?” A few students raised their hands. He shook his head and said, “You’re your workbooks and see 9 there’s Exercise 8 in Lesson 1.” The students had a look at their workbooks and their faces turned red 10 (immediate). B (2024-2025学年高一下·浙江北斗联盟·4月期中)Philosophers believe that mathematics exists outside of us, independent of our minds. But it’s 1 (wide) accepted that math is inside us. However, does the truth lie somewhere between the stark choice of being invented or discovered? 2 (understand) the truth better, let’s try to understand exactly how old math really is. The tale of mathematics is as old as humanity. It has gradually evolved from simple mathematics, such as 3 (count) cows, to the complex study of an object through the abstract concepts we know today. It was not until 600 BC, when civilizations settled and various occupations began, 4 math began its initial development. It 5 (use) to measure plots, calculate the taxation of individuals, etc. Later, in 500 BC, we saw the development of Roman numerals, which 6 (be) still used to represent numbers today. Scientists believe that thousands of years ago, basic mathematical functions like addition and subtraction(减法) might have appeared at 7 same time, but in different places, like India, Egypt and Mesopotamia. 8 (advance) math dates back to Greece over 2500 years ago, when mathematician Pythagoras put forward his famous equation. It was about the 9 (side) of a right-angle triangle(直角三角形) , which we now study as the Pythagorean theorem(勾股定理). 10 then on, more mathematicians started working on expanding their understanding of mathematics. Yet, no one could find the one true answer to the big question. C (2024-2025学年高一下·江苏前黄高级中学·期中)Recently, Jiang Ping, a 17-year-old vocational school student from China, 1 (amaze) worldwide netizens by ranking 12th in a global math competition. She became the first vocational school student 2 (make) the finals and the only girl among the top 20 contestants. Most of the finalists, totaling around 800, are from prestigious institutions such as Peking University, Tsinghua University, MIT and Princeton University. The teen, 3 spends most of her spare time solving math problems, keeps an English dictionary handy so that language doesn’t become 4 barrier when she’s learning from international mathematical works. Apparently, her approach to 5 (learn) English is different from 6 of most Chinese learners. English 7 (acquire) as a practical tool, enabling her to study the original advanced math textbooks from abroad. Jiang said she believes that regardless of which subject she is studying, interest and effort are both crucial. “I lean toward subjects such as advanced math and fashion design, as they spark my desire to explore,” she said. “I enjoy the step-by-step process of mathematical deductions, and reaching the 8 (desire) result brings me great joy.” Multiple universities in China, such as Donghua University, Jiangsu University and Tongji University, expressed their 9 (congratulate) on her success, and some even encouraged her to pursue higher studies on math or fashion design at their campus. Jiang’s story clearly demonstrates that one’s potential does not 10 (necessary) depend on the obedience or adaptation to the school entrance examination system, and that dreams do come true if one follows his or her own gift and talent with determinations. ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Back to school 核心语法精练(句子成分和句子结构) 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 1 一、单句语法填空(词汇句式全考查) 1-4 二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 4-7 三、分析句子成分并写出基本句型 7-10 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 题型一 语篇语法填空(课文改编) 10-11 题型二 语篇语法填空(模考真题) 11-15 一、单句语法填空 1. I want to know your thought ________ side you’re going to be on. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我想知道你的想法——你打算站在谁的一边。此处为连接词引导的同位语从句，作thought的同位语，对其内容进行解释说明，在从句中，side前缺少限定词，表示“谁的”，因此需用连接代词whose。故填whose。 2. Though she comes from a big city, she still keeps ________ the tradition of working hard. 【答案】up 【详解】考查动词固定短语。句意：虽然她来自一个大城市，但她仍然保持着努力工作的传统。此处为动词短语作谓语，keep up为固定短语，意为“保持；继续；遵守(传统、习俗等)”，后接名词或动名词作宾语，keep up the tradition表示“保持传统，遵循传统”，符合句意。故填up。 3. ________(Renewable energy) sources like hydropower have minimal environmental impact. 【答案】Renewable energy 【详解】考查名词短语。句意：水力发电等可再生能源对环境的影响最小。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词“sources”；renewable energy为名词短语，表示“可再生能源”，renewable energy sources意为“可再生能源”，符合句子和句意；句首字母大写。故填Renewable energy。 4. The river floods every winter, and this year was ________ exception. 【答案】no 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：这条河每年冬天都发洪水，今年也不例外。no exception“没有例外，无一例外”是固定搭配。故填no。 5. The career you have defines your life, ________ so taking time to think about it is an essential exercise for young people. 【答案】and 【详解】考查连词。句意：你的职业定义了你的生活，所以花时间思考对年轻人来说是一项必要的锻炼。此处短语and so表示“因此，所以”。故填and。 6. ________(conclude), we have full confidence in an even brighter future of Asia. Let’s work together to make it a reality. 【答案】To conclude 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：总之，我们对亚洲更加光明的未来充满信心。让我们共同努力，将其实现。结合句意，此处需要使用结论性的引导词，根据提示词conclude可知，此处应为固定短语to conclude意为“总之”，位于句首，to的首字母需大写。故填To conclude。 7. It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is ________(respective) 65% and 50%. 【答案】respectively 【详解】考查副词。句意：可以看出，选择听英文歌曲和看英文电影的学生比例分别是65%和50%。本空修饰后面的数值65% and 50%，作状语，用副词respectively“分别地”。故填respectively。 8. We live ________(rough) halfway between here and the coast. 【答案】roughly 【详解】考查副词。句意：我们住在这里和海岸之间大约一半的地方。修饰halfway 用副词roughly，意为“大约”符合句意。故填roughly。 9. ________(conclude), despite the challenges, we should be optimistic about the future. 【答案】To conclude 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：总结来说，尽管存在挑战，我们应对未来保持乐观。根据句意及所给提示词可知，空处需引导总结性陈述，应用固定短语to conclude“总之，综上所述，最后”，句首单词首字母大写。故填To conclude。 10. Helen Gardner, an art ________(history), thought highly of Leonardo da Vinci. 【答案】historian 【详解】考查名词。句意：艺术史学家海伦·加德纳高度评价列奥纳多·达·芬奇。设空处需用名词形式作同位语，此处表示“历史学家”用historian，不定冠词修饰用单数。故填historian。 11. How ________ you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented? 【答案】do 【详解】考查助动词。句意：你认为在现代精确导航方法发明之前，海员是如何找到方向的？空后主语是you，应用助动词do，构成插入语do you think，紧跟在疑问词How之后，且其后的成分采用陈述语序。故填do。 12. All the passengers were more ________ less wounded in the accident that happened in the highway. 【答案】or 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：所有乘客在高速公路上发生的事故中都或多或少受了伤。more or less是固定短语，意为“或多或少”。故填or。 13. After working for several weeks, she felt completely burned ________ and needed a break. 【答案】out 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：工作了几个星期后，她感到精疲力竭，需要休息一下。短语burnt/burned out表示“筋疲力尽的”，作表语。故填out。 14. She started the Ladybug Foundation, a(n) ________(organ) aiming at getting rid of homelessness. 【答案】organization/organisation 【详解】考查名词。句意：她创立了瓢虫基金会，这是一个旨在消除无家可归现象的组织。此处为名词作同位语，对the Ladybug Foundation进行解释说明，organ的名词为organization或organisation意为“组织”符合句意，且空前有不定冠词，所以使用名词单数形式。故填organization/organisation。 15. We use “________”(elder ) as a polite way of saying that someone is old. 【答案】elderly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们用“elderly”来礼貌地表示某人老了。根据空后的a polite way of saying that someone is old可知，此处表示描述一个人年老，因此使用形容词elderly(上了年纪的)。故填elderly。 16. This is a fine book: a worthy ________(add) to the series. 【答案】addition 【详解】考查名词。句意：这是一本好书，是本丛书中有价值的补充。空处作a fine book的同位语，对其作补充说明，add的名词形式addition“增加物，添加物”符合题意，作该释义理解时为可数名词，且空前有a，addition应用单数形式。故填addition。 17. Now it is home to ________(approximate) 300 folk houses,20 temples and ancestral halls, and 10 opera stages. 【答案】approximately 【详解】考查副词。句意：现在这里有大约300座民宅，20座寺庙和祠堂，以及10个戏台。设空处修饰后面的数词作状语，应用副词形式，表示“大约”，故填approximately。 18. John Olson, a former ________(photograph) and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. 【答案】photographer 【详解】考查名词。句意：约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师，他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。根据句意可知，此处表示“摄影师”，应用名词photographer，不定冠词a后应用单数形式，作同位语。故填photographer。 19. As kids want to see Las Vegas and all ________(it) many attractions, we are going to spend our summer holiday there this year. 【答案】its 【详解】考查代词。句意：由于孩子们想参观拉斯维加斯及其众多景点，我们今年将在那里度过暑假。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要用形容词性物主代词，作定语，修饰后面的名词attractions。故填its。 20. Frankly ________(speak), I think your pronunciation should be improved. 【答案】speaking 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：坦率地说，我认为你的发音应该改进。短语frankly speaking，意为“坦白地说；打开天窗说亮话”，符合句意，修饰后面的句子作状语，故填speaking。 二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 1. It will be held in the school lecture hall from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. next Friday. 2. Our hard work will finally be rewarded. 3. I won first prize in the English Speech Competition last year. 4. I find my room clean and tidy. 5. I would like to give you some suggestions. 6. They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully. 7. We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon. 8. The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital. 9. What you said just now didn’t make me happy. 10. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 11. Hearing what he said, everybody laughed. 12. Most students in my class like playing chess. 13. His being late made the teacher very angry. 14. The book lying on the desk is on American history. 15. To finish the task on time is impossible. 16. There are many kinds of TV sets on sale in that store. 17. The red flags waved in the wind. 18. Mr. White will give us a talk next week. 19. This bed seems hard. 20. How interesting the film is! 21. He managed to finish the work in time. 22. Tom came to ask me for advice. 23. He found it important to master English. 24. Do you have anything else to say? 25. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good. 26. Would you please tell me your address? 27. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 28. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 29. He noticed a man enter the room. 30. The apples tasted sweet. 【答案】 1. 状语 2. 主语 3. 宾语 4. 宾语补足语 5. 直接宾语 6. 状语 7. 宾语 8. 表语 9. 主语 10. 形式主语,真正的主语 11. 谓语 12. 宾语 13. 宾语补足语 14. 表语 15. 主语 16. 主语 17. 谓语 18. 间接宾语；直接宾语 19. 表语 20. 表语21. 谓语，宾语 22. 状语 23. 形式宾语，真正宾语 24. 宾语，定语 25. 插入语，表语 26. 宾语(间宾+直宾) 27. 状语，状语 28. 形式主语，表语，宾补 29. 宾补 30. 表语 【解析】 1. 考查状语。句意：它将于下周五下午3点至5点在学校演讲厅举行。It 作主语；will be held作谓语；in the school lecture hall 作地点状语；from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. 作时间状语；next Friday 作时间状语。故填状语。 2. 考查主语。句意：我们的努力工作最后会被回报的。Our hard work作主语；will  be rewarded 作谓语；finally作状语。故填主语。 3. 考查宾语。句意：我在去年的英语演讲比赛中赢得了一等奖。I 作主语；won作谓语；first prize作宾语；in the English Speech Competition作地点状语；last year作时间状语。故填宾语。 4. 考查宾语补足语。句意：我发现我的房间干净整洁。I 作主语；find 作谓语；my room作宾语；clean and tidy 作宾语补足语。故填宾语补足语。 5. 考查直接宾语。句意：我想给你一些建议。I作主语；would like to give 作谓语；you作间接宾语；some suggestions作直接宾语。故填直接宾语。 6. 考查状语。句意：他们应该利用业余时间仔细品尝这些美妙的作品。They作主语；should make use of 作谓语；their spare time作宾语；to taste these wonderful works carefully作目的状语。故填状语。 7. 考查宾语。句意：我们真诚希望您的健康会很快改善。We作主语；hope作谓语；that your health will improve soon整个句子作hope的宾语。故填宾语。 8. 考查表语。句意：问题是没人知道这个新医院的地址。The question作主语；is 作谓语；that no one knows the location of the new hospital整个句子作表语。故填表语。 9. 考查主语。句意：你刚才所说的没有使我开心。What you said just now作整个主句的主语；didn’t make 作谓语；me作宾语；happy作宾语补足语。故填主语。 10. 考查。代词和不定式结构。句意：保持教室干净整洁是我们的责任。句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后文的不定式结构。故答案为形式主语和真正主语。 11. 考查动词。句意：听了他的话，大家都笑了。句子描述过去事实，故使用一般过去时，句子使用laughed作句子的谓语。故答案为谓语。 12. 考查名词。句意：我们班大多数学生都喜欢下棋。句中使用动名词playing chess作like的宾语。故答案为宾语。 13. 考查形容词。句意：他的迟到使老师非常生气。句中使用very angry作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语teacher。故答案为宾语补足语。 14. 考查介词短语。句意：放在桌子上的那本书是关于美国历史的。句中使用介词短语on American history作表语。故答案为表语。 15. 考查非谓语动词。句意：按时完成任务是不可能的。句中使用不定式结构To finish the task on time 作主语。故答案为主语。 16. 考查名词短语。句意：那家商店有很多种电视机在出售。句中使用名词短语many kinds of TV sets主语，句子构成的是there be结构。故答案为主语。 17. 考查动词。句意：红旗在风中飘扬。句中使用waved动词作谓语，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故答案为谓语。 18. 考查代词和名词。句意：怀特先生下周将给我们作报告。句中使用us代词作间接宾语，a talk名词作直接宾语，构成双宾结构。故答案为直接宾语；间接宾语。 19. 考查形容词。句意：这张床似乎很硬。句中使用hard作表语。故答案为表语。 20. 考查形容词。句意：这部电影多有趣啊！句中使用形容词interesting作表语，此处与前文的how构成强调句。故答案为表语。 21. 考查句子结构。句意：他设法及时完成了工作。分析句子结构可知， managed是谓语动词，the work是宾语，作动词finish的宾语。故答案为：谓语，宾语。 22. 考查句子结构。句意：Tom来向我征求建议。分析句子并结合句意可知，for advice在句中作状语，表示目的。故答案为：状语。 23. 考查句子结构，句意：他发现掌握英语很重要。分析句子结构可知，it是动词found的形式宾语，动词不定式to master English是真正宾语。故答案为：形式宾语，真正宾语。 24. 考查句子结构。句意：你还有别的要说吗？分析句子结构可知，不定代词anything是动词have的宾语，动词不定式to say是定语，修饰anything，指“要说的事情”。故答案为：宾语，定语。 25. 考查句子结构。句意：老实说，你的发音不是那么好。分析句子结构可知，To be honest是插入语，so good位于be动词is后，是形容词作表语。故答案为：插入语，表语。 26. 考查句子结构。句意：你能告诉我你的地址吗？分析句子结构可知，tell后是双宾语，其中me为间接宾语，your address是直接宾语。故答案为：宾语(间宾+直宾)。 27. 考查句子结构。句意：他坐在那里看报纸。分析句子结构可知，there在句中作地点状语，reading a newspaper是现在分词作伴随状语。故答案为：状语，状语。 28. 考查句子结构。句意：保持教室干净整洁是我们的责任。分析句子结构可知，It是形式主语，our duty位于be动词is后，在句中作表语，clean and tidy是形容词作宾语补足语。故答案为：形式主语，表语，宾补。 29. 考查句子结构。句意：他注意到一个男人走进房间。分析句子结构可知，此处是notice sb do sth结构，其中do sth是宾语补足语，所以enter the room是宾语补足语，故答案为：宾补。 30. 考查句子结构。句意：这些苹果尝起来很甜。分析句子结构可知，tasted在句中作系动词，sweet是形容词作表语。故答案为：表语。 三、分析句子成分并写出基本句型 A. 主谓结构     B. 主谓宾结构    C. 主系表结构     D. 主谓宾宾结构 E. 主谓宾宾补结构    F. 主谓状结构    G. 主谓宾状结构    H. There be 句型 1. The 7. 7-magnitude earthquake, which had a great impact due to its large magnitude and relatively shallow depth of about 10 kilometers, struck the northwest of the city of Sagaing in central Myanmar in the early afternoon, followed minutes later by· a 6. 7-magnitude aftershock. 2. Local government departments are teaming up to regulate outdoor smoking behavior at eight scenic spots in Shanghai that are popular with tourists, both from home and abroad. 3. Though the control on indoor smoking has been tightened, the public are making complaints about people smoking while walking, a behavior that not only impacts other people’s health but also poses safety risks. 4. When asked how the kids communicated despite the language barrier, the Chinese vlogger told us that they connected through emotions and music — a pure, wordless kind of interaction. 5. As is reported, a Chinese research team has successfully completed the world’s first transplant of a gene-edited pig liver into a brain-dead human, with the organ showing good physiological function. 6. With its adorable appearance, the doll named “Suan Niao” has become a popular cultural and creative product, selling out many times, thanks to its authentic Wuhan dialect characteristics and the meaning of reconciling people. 7. People who mairtain an exercise routine often find themselves appreciative of the positive changes it brings - not only improving physical health but also effectively relieving stress and anxiety, revitalizing bọth body and mind. 8. As its wings beat gracefully, the bird flew swiftly across the sky, leaving a trail of awe in the eyes of the children who watched it from below, their faces lit up with wonder and excitement, has if they were witnessing a magical moment unfold before them. 9. What impressed me most was that though young and lacking in experience, the little boy was able to solve the difficult math problem all by himself, showing great intelligence and determination. 10. In terms of economic progress, the past decades saw China’s economy grow rapidly, lifting millions of people out of poverty and improving living standards nationwide. 11. We must act. 12. I miss my grandma. 13. He talked too much. 14. He told us a funny story. 15. The teacher was kind and friendly. 16. There’s is a lot to explore at senior high. 17. Tim and his classmates are living on a ship. 18. I had my first maths class at senior high school. 19. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 20. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea. 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. G 6. G 7. E 8. F 9. C 10. E 11. A 12. B 13. F 14. D 15. C 16. H 17. F 18. G 19. E 20. C 【解析】 1. 考查句子结构。句意：这场7.7级的地震因其震级高且震源相对较浅(约10公里)而产生了巨大影响，它于下午早些时候袭击了缅甸中部实皆市的西北部地区，几分钟后又发生了一次6.7级的余震。The 7. 7-magnitude earthquake(主语)；struck(谓语)；the northwest of the city of Sagaing in central Myanmar(宾语)；in the early afternoon(时间状语)；followed minutes later by a 6. 7-magnitude aftershock(过去分词短语作伴随状语)；主句结构：主+谓+宾。故选B。 2. 考查句子结构。句意：当地政府部门正在联手对上海八处深受国内外游客欢迎的景点的户外吸烟行为进行规范管理。Local government departments(主语)；are teaming up(谓语)；to regulate outdoor smoking behavior at eight scenic spots in Shanghai(目的状语)；that are popular with tourists, both from home and abroad(定语从句，修饰scenic spots)；主句结构：主+谓。故选A。 3. 考查句子结构。句意：尽管对室内吸烟的管控已经加强，但公众仍在抱怨有人边走边吸烟的行为，这种行为不仅会影响他人健康，还存在安全隐患。Though the control on indoor smoking has been tightened(状语)；the public(主语)；are making(谓语)；complaints(宾语)；about people smoking while walking(定语)；a behavior(同位语，解释说明前面的宾语complaints)；that not only impacts other people’s health but also poses safety risks(定语从句，修饰behavior)；主句结构：主+谓+宾。故选B。 4. 考查句子结构。句意：当被问及这些孩子在存在语言障碍的情况下是如何交流时，这位中国视频博主告诉我们，他们是通过情感和音乐进行交流的——这是一种纯粹的、无需言语的互动方式。the Chinese vlogger(主语)；told(谓语)；us(间接宾语)；that they connected through emotions and music—a pure, wordless kind of interaction(宾语从句，作直接宾语，其中破折号后的部分是对emotions and music的补充说明)；主句结构：主+谓+双宾语。故选D。 5. 考查句子结构。句意：据报道，一个中国研究团队已成功完成了世界上首例将经过基因编辑的猪肝脏移植到脑死亡患者体内的手术，该器官显示出良好的生理功能。a Chinese research team(主语)；has successfully completed(谓语)；the world’s first transplant of a gene-edited pig liver into a brain-dead human(宾语)；with the organ showing good physiological function(with复合结构作伴随状语)；主句结构：主+谓+宾。故选G。 6. 考查句子结构。句意：凭借其可爱的外观，名为“苏鸟”的玩偶已成为一款受欢迎的文创产品，由于其地道的武汉方言特色以及象征着人与人之间和解的寓意，它多次售罄。the doll named “Suan Niao”(主语)；has become(谓语)；a popular cultural and creative product(宾语)；selling out many times(现在分词短语作结果状语)；thanks to its authentic Wuhan dialect characteristics and the meaning of reconciling people(原因状语)；主句结构：主+谓+宾。故选G。 7. 考查句子结构。句意：坚持日常锻炼的人常常会发现自己对锻炼带来的积极变化心存感激 —— 它不仅改善了身体健康，还能有效地缓解压力和焦虑，使身心都焕发出活力。People(主语)；who maintain an exercise routine(定语从句，修饰People)；often find(谓语)；themselves(宾语)；appreciative of the positive changes it brings(宾语补足语，其中it brings是定语从句，修饰changes，省略了关系代词that/which)；- not only improving physical health but also effectively relieving stress and anxiety, revitalizing both body and mind(现在分词短语作同位语，解释说明appreciative of the positive changes的具体内容)；主句结构：主+谓+宾+宾补。故选E。 8. 考查句子结构。句意：当鸟儿优雅地扇动翅膀时，它迅速地飞过天空，在下方观看的孩子们眼中留下了一丝敬畏之情，他们的脸上洋溢着惊奇和兴奋，仿佛正在目睹一个神奇的时刻在眼前展开。the bird(主语)；flew(谓语)；swiftly across the sky(状语)；leaving a trail of awe in the eyes of the children(现在分词短语作结果状语)；who watched it from below(定语从句，修饰children)；their faces lit up with wonder and excitement(独立主格结构，作伴随状语)；as if they were witnessing a magical moment unfold before them(方式状语从句，修饰整个句子)；主句结构：主+谓+妆。故选F。 9. 考查句子结构。句意：最让我印象深刻的是，尽管这个小男孩年纪小且缺乏经验，但他却能够独自解出这道复杂的数学题，展现出了极高的智慧和决心。What impressed me most(主语从句，作主语)；was(系动词)；that though young and lacking in experience, the little boy was able to solve the difficult math problem all by himself(表语从句，作表语)；showing great intelligence and determination(现在分词短语作伴随状语)；主句结构：主+系+表。故选C。 10. 考查句子结构。句意：就经济发展而言，在过去的几十年里，中国经济迅速增长，使数百万人摆脱了贫困，并在全国范围内提高了生活水平。the past decades(主语)；saw(谓语)；China’s economy(宾语)；grow rapidly(宾语补足语)；lifting millions of people out of poverty and improving living standards nationwide(现在分词短语作结果状语)；主句结构：主+谓+宾+宾补。故选E。 11. 考查句子结构。句意：我们必须采取行动。We“我们”是主语，must act“必须行动”是谓语，此句是主谓结构。故填A。 12. 考查句子结构。句意：我想念我的奶奶。I“我”是主语，miss“想念”是谓语，my grandma“我的奶奶”是宾语，此句是主谓宾结构。故填B。 13. 考查句子结构。句意：他说话太多了。He“他”是主语，talked“说”是谓语，too much“太多”是副词短语作状语，修饰谓语talked，此句是主谓状结构。故填F。 14. 考查句子结构。句意：他给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。He“他”是主语，told“告诉”是谓语，us“我们”是间接宾语，a funny story“一个有趣的故事”是直接宾语，此句是主谓宾宾结构。故填D。 15. 考查句子结构。句意：老师很和蔼友善。The teacher“老师”是主语，was是系动词，形容词短语kind and friendly“和蔼友善的”是表语，此句是主系表结构，故填C。 16. 考查句子结构。句意：在高中有很多值得探索的东西。此句是There be句型，表示“有……”，主语是a lot“很多事物”，不定式短语to explore是后置定语，修饰主语a lot，at senior high“在高中”是介词短语作地点状语。故填H。 17. 考查句子结构。句意：蒂姆和他的同学们住在一艘船上。Tim and his classmates“蒂姆和他的同学”是主语，are living“正在居住”是谓语，介词短语on a ship“在一艘船上”是地点状语，此句是主谓状结构。故填F。 18. 考查句子结构。句意：我在高中上了第一节数学课。I“我”是主语，had“有”是谓语，my first maths class“我的第一节数学课”是宾语，介词短语at senior high school“在高中”是地点状语，此句是主谓宾状结构。故填G。 19. 考查句子结构。句意：我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好且乐于助人。I“我”是主语，found“发现”是谓语，most of my classmates and teachers“我的大多数同学和老师”是宾语，形容词短语friendly and helpful“友好且乐于助人的”是宾语补足语，此句是主谓宾宾补结构。故填E。 20. 考查句子结构。句意：当你在海上时，学习和做作业似乎变得更加有趣。动名词短语Studying and doing homework“学习和做作业”是主语，seem“似乎”是系动词，much more fun“更有趣”是表语，when you are at sea“当你在海上时”是时间状语从句，此句是主系表结构。故填C。 题型一 语篇语法填空(课文改编) 1. Reading I can’t wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like. The path before you leads 1.________ a world full of challenges. However, when you work hard to get over the challenges，you will have the opportunity 2.________(acquire) great knowledge and enjoy personal growth. Your time and effort at senior high school 3.________(open) the door to your potential. Potential is your natural ability that can 4.________(develop) when you try hard enough. The possibilities are endless. Over the next three years，you will discover your potential 5.________ you develop as a student and as a person. To 6.________(full) realize your potential，it is important for you to make the most of our school resources. Take advantage of your classes，learn from your teachers and classmates，and make use of our school facilities. 7.________ addition，your good study habits，positive attitudes and useful skills are of equal 8.________(important). Last but not least，make efforts 9.________(improve) your communication skills and always look on the bright side. In a word, you need to make 10.________(continue) efforts to realize your great potential. 2. Extended reading The British secondary school day is from around 9 a. m. to 4 p. m. Students usually learn nine subjects. Every student must study English, Maths and the Science subjects 1.________(include) Biology，Chemistry and Physics. John Li found some of them quite 2.________(challenge) and difficult, 3.________(especial) Geography and Biology while maths was quite easy and enjoyable. Luckily, 4.________ the help and encouragement of teachers and classmates, his language skills improved over time. Each teacher has their own classroom and the students move around for every lesson. There were only about 20 students in most classes. In the beginning，however, 5.________ was still tough for him to remember everyone’s name! Class 6.________(discuss) is very important in the UK. Homework was not so much 7.________ he was used to. For lunch，students can eat in the school dining hall. Joining clubs 8.________(be) a great way to meet British students and make friends with them. The 9.________ that attracted him most was the Rugby Club. John Li feels very glad to have the opportunity 10.________(experience) this different way of life. 【答案】 1. Reading 1. to 2. to acquire 3. will open 4. be developed 5. while/when 6. fully 7. In 8. importance 9. to improve 10. continuous 2. Extended reading 1. including 2. challenging 3. especially 4. with 5. it 6. discussion 7. as 8. was 9. one 10. to experience 题型二 语篇语法填空(模考真题) A (2024-2025学年高一上·江苏南通·期中)Mr. Weeks is fifty years old. He’s taught math in a middle school for twenty years. He works and always comes to his office on time. He hopes his students will be honest and he is strict 1 them. Some of his students have become famous persons, 2 they still remember him and often write to him. Of course the man is very 3 (satisfy) them. This term he began to teach Grade One. Some of the new students 4 (tell) about him, but the others didn’t know about him. On the first day of school he told the students how to be 5 honest person. He gave them some examples and said, “I don't like anyone 6 always tells a lie.” Before class was over, he told all his students 7 (do) Exercise 8 in Lesson 1. The next morning, as soon as he came into the classroom, he asked, “Who 8 (finish) Exercise 8?” A few students raised their hands. He shook his head and said, “You’re your workbooks and see 9 there’s Exercise 8 in Lesson 1.” The students had a look at their workbooks and their faces turned red 10 (immediate). 【答案】 1. with 2. but/while 3. satisfied 4. were told 5. an 6. who 7. to do 8. has finished 9. if/whether 10. immediately 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了威克斯先生是一名非常有名的老师，培育了一批优秀的学生，文章中讲述了开学之初威克斯先生希望学生诚信，并通过作业的事情，让学生要诚信。 1. 考查介词。句意：他希望他的学生将来很诚实，并对他们要求严格。be strict with sb.表示“严格要求某人”。故填with。 2. 考查连词。句意：他的一些学生已成为名人，但他们仍然记得他，并经常给他写信。空格处需要填入联系；前后句之间为转折关系，所以用but或者while。故填but或者while。 3. 考查形容词。句意：当然，他是非常满意他们的。表示“对……满意”用be satisfied with，此处指的是对学生满意。故填satisfied。 4. 考查一般过去时的被动语态与主谓一致。句意：一些新学生被告知他的情况，但其他的不知道他。根据后句“但其他的学生不知道他”，可知，一些新学生被告知了他的情况；此处描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were told。 5. 考查冠词。句意：在开学的第一天，他告诉学生们如何做一个诚实的人。空格处位于单数可数名词前，所以需要冠词，冠词后的单词首字母发音为元音，所以用an。故填an。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：他给他们举了一些例子说:“我不喜欢总是说谎的人。”空格处需要填入定语从句的连接词，且在从句中作主语，先行词为人，所以用who。故填who。 7. 考查动词不定式。句意：下课前，他让所有的学生做第一课的练习8。“告诉某人做某事”为tell sb. to do sth.。故填to do。 8. 考查现在完成时。句意：第二天早上，他一走进教室就问：“谁做完了练习8?”空格处需要填入谓语动词，此处表示“老师问谁已经完成了练习8”，所以用现在完成时，主语为单数，所以助动词用has。故填has finished。 9. 考查宾语从句。句意：他摇了摇头，说:“你们拿着练习册，看看有没有第一课的练习8。”引导宾语从句，表示“是否”。故填if或者whether。 10. 考查副词。句意：学生们看了看作业本，脸立刻红了。空格处修饰动词，所以用副词。故填immediately。 B (2024-2025学年高一下·浙江北斗联盟·4月期中)Philosophers believe that mathematics exists outside of us, independent of our minds. But it’s 1 (wide) accepted that math is inside us. However, does the truth lie somewhere between the stark choice of being invented or discovered? 2 (understand) the truth better, let’s try to understand exactly how old math really is. The tale of mathematics is as old as humanity. It has gradually evolved from simple mathematics, such as 3 (count) cows, to the complex study of an object through the abstract concepts we know today. It was not until 600 BC, when civilizations settled and various occupations began, 4 math began its initial development. It 5 (use) to measure plots, calculate the taxation of individuals, etc. Later, in 500 BC, we saw the development of Roman numerals, which 6 (be) still used to represent numbers today. Scientists believe that thousands of years ago, basic mathematical functions like addition and subtraction(减法) might have appeared at 7 same time, but in different places, like India, Egypt and Mesopotamia. 8 (advance) math dates back to Greece over 2500 years ago, when mathematician Pythagoras put forward his famous equation. It was about the 9 (side) of a right-angle triangle(直角三角形) , which we now study as the Pythagorean theorem(勾股定理). 10 then on, more mathematicians started working on expanding their understanding of mathematics. Yet, no one could find the one true answer to the big question. 【答案】 1. widely 2. To understand 3. counting 4. that 5. was used 6. are 7. the 8. Advanced 9. sides 10. From 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了数学的历史渊源和发展。 1. 考查副词。句意：但人们普遍认为数学存在于我们体内。空处修饰动词accepted，应用副词形式，故填widely。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更好地理解真相，让我们试着理解数学到底有多古老。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，使用动词不定式作目的状语，故填To understand。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它已经逐渐从简单的数学，比如数牛，发展到通过我们今天所知道的抽象概念对一个物体进行复杂的研究。空处作介词as的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填counting。 4. 考查强调句型。句意：直到公元前600年，当文明定居下来，各种职业开始出现时，数学才开始了它最初的发展。本句是强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who(被强调部分是人时可用who)+其他”，本句中被强调部分是时间状语，故填that。 5. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它被用来测量地块，计算个人税收等。be used to do sth“被用来做某事”，且句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填was used。 6. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：后来，在公元前500年，我们看到了罗马数字的发展，今天仍然用来表示数字。which指代先行词Roman numerals，表示复数意义，结合today可知从句描述现在的情况，使用一般现在时，故填are。 7. 考查冠词。句意：科学家认为，几千年前，基本的数学函数，如加减法，可能同时出现，但在不同的地方，如印度、埃及和美索不达米亚。at the same time“同时”，固定短语，故填the。 8. 考查形容词。句意：高等数学可以追溯到2500多年前的希腊，当时数学家毕达哥拉斯提出了他著名的方程式。空处修饰名词math，应用形容词作定语。位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Advanced。 9. 考查名词复数。句意：它是关于一个直角三角形的边，也就是我们现在学习的勾股定理。根据“a right-angle triangle(直角三角形)”可知，直角三角形不止一条边，故此处使用名词复数形式，故填sides。 10. 考查介词。句意：从那时起，更多的数学家开始致力于扩大他们对数学的理解。from then on“从那时起”，首字母应大写，故填From。 C (2024-2025学年高一下·江苏前黄高级中学·期中)Recently, Jiang Ping, a 17-year-old vocational school student from China, 1 (amaze) worldwide netizens by ranking 12th in a global math competition. She became the first vocational school student 2 (make) the finals and the only girl among the top 20 contestants. Most of the finalists, totaling around 800, are from prestigious institutions such as Peking University, Tsinghua University, MIT and Princeton University. The teen, 3 spends most of her spare time solving math problems, keeps an English dictionary handy so that language doesn’t become 4 barrier when she’s learning from international mathematical works. Apparently, her approach to 5 (learn) English is different from 6 of most Chinese learners. English 7 (acquire) as a practical tool, enabling her to study the original advanced math textbooks from abroad. Jiang said she believes that regardless of which subject she is studying, interest and effort are both crucial. “I lean toward subjects such as advanced math and fashion design, as they spark my desire to explore,” she said. “I enjoy the step-by-step process of mathematical deductions, and reaching the 8 (desire) result brings me great joy.” Multiple universities in China, such as Donghua University, Jiangsu University and Tongji University, expressed their 9 (congratulate) on her success, and some even encouraged her to pursue higher studies on math or fashion design at their campus. Jiang’s story clearly demonstrates that one’s potential does not 10 (necessary) depend on the obedience or adaptation to the school entrance examination system, and that dreams do come true if one follows his or her own gift and talent with determinations. 【答案】 1. has amazed 2. to make 3. who 4. a 5. learning 6. that 7. is acquired 8. desired 9. congratulations 10. necessarily 【导语】本文的体裁是新闻报道。文章介绍了姜萍在国际数学竞赛中取得优异成绩的事迹，突出了她的背景(职业学校学生)和成就的特殊性。 1. 考查动词时态。句意：最近，中国一名17岁的职业学校学生姜萍在全球数学竞赛中排名第12，令全球网民惊讶。amazed作谓语，根据时间状语Recently及句意可知，这里需要表达的是姜萍的成就对现在人们(网民)的感受产生的持续影响，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语Jiang Ping是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has amazed。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：她成为第一个进入决赛的职业学校学生，也是前20名选手中唯一的女孩。“(make) the finals”作后置定语，被修饰词由序数词修饰，用不定式作后置定语，故填to make。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：这个青少年，她把大部分业余时间都花在解决数学问题上，经常备一本英语词典在手边，以便于当她学习国际数学著作时语言就不会成为一个障碍。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The teen，指人，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 4. 考查冠词。句意同上。此处泛指“一个障碍”，且barrier以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 5. 考查动名词。句意：显然，她学习英语的方法不同于大多数中国学习者的方式。approach to…“……的方式”，to是介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填learning。 6. 考查代词。句意：显然，她学习英语的方法不同于大多数中国学习者的方式。空处替代前文提到的单数名词approach，避免重复，且由“of most Chinese learners”修饰，表示“……的方式”，为特指，与前文approach为同一类，用代词that，故填that。 7. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：英语作为一种实用的工具，使她能够学习国外原始的高等数学教科书。作谓语，此处描述的是一般事实，句子时态应用一般现在时，且主语English与acquire“获得，得到”之间是被动关系，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，主语English为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is acquired。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“我喜欢循序渐进的数学推导过程，达到期望的结果给我带来极大的快乐。”修饰名词result用形容词desired“想要的，渴望的”作定语，故填desired。 9. 考查名词。句意：国内多所大学，如东华大学、江苏大学和同济大学，都对她的成功表示祝贺，有些甚至鼓励她在他们的校园里继续深造数学或服装设计。作expressed的宾语，表示“祝贺”常用名词congratulation的复数形式。故填congratulations。 10. 考查副词。句意：姜的故事清楚地表明，一个人的潜力并不一定取决于对学校入学考试制度的服从或适应，如果一个人下定决心追随自己的天赋和才能，梦想就会成真。本空用副词necessarily“必然地”，作状语，修饰depend on。故填necessarily。 ( 1 / 15 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$