Unit 1 Food for thought （知识清单）英语外研版2019必修第二册

Unit 1 Food for thought 一、词汇清单 单词 1. dare modal verb 胆敢，敢于 2. wedding n.婚礼 3. sort n. 种，类 4. super adj.极好的，了不起的 5. typical .adj.典型的，有代表性的 6. gather v.聚集 7. bite n.咬 8. china-n.瓷，瓷料 9. symbol n.象征，标志 10.opinion n.意见，看法 11.marriage n.婚姻 12.suffer .(身体或精神上)受苦 13. horrible adj.糟糕的 14.poison n.毒素，毒物，毒药 15.deceive：v.欺骗 16. stinky adj.难闻的，有臭味的 短语 1. remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事 2. thanks to 由于,幸亏 3. suffer from遭受,忍受;患 … …病 4. come across偶然遇见,无意中发现 5. fall in love with爱上,喜欢上 6. take to 喜欢上 7. deal with处理 8. feel at home 感觉自在 9.in case 以防万一 10.belong to 属于 11.end up (尤指经历一系列意外后)最终处于,到头来 12.catch up 打听(不在时所发生的事情),别后叙谈 13.pick up 买,购买;捡起 14.bring up 抚养,养育 15.what ’s more 而且 16.try out 试验 17.be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊 be a shock to...使……震惊 be shocked to do sth.因做某事而感到震惊 be shocked that...对……感到震惊 熟词生义 pick up 捡起；收集；接人；偶然结识；站起，扶起；振作精神；(不费力地)学会；获得 句型 1．现在分词作原因状语 Growing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother, I’ve enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks! 2．It is said that= People say that据说 People say that one man’s meat is another man’s poison, but I feel at home with food from both my cultures. 3． there’s nothing better than没有比...更好的了 To me, there’s nothing better than a cross-cultural afternoon tea of English biscuits and a cup of Chinese long tea in a fine china cup! 4．Thanks to 句型 Thanks to this，Dad has come to love hot pot！ 语法 情态动词 二、知识点精讲 知识点1 Thanks to 由于，幸亏 【教材原句】Thanks to this，Dad has come to love hot pot！ 因为这一点，父亲开始喜欢上火锅。(教材P2） 表示“由于，因为”的短语还有： because of，owing to，due to，on account of 【例句】 ①Thanks to your help，I am successful in the end. 多亏了你的帮助，我最终成功了。 ②They moved here because of the baby. 他们为了孩子而搬家到这里。 对点练习·单句语法填空 Thanks to his help，my speech was so successful that everyone cheered for me.多亏了他的帮助，我的演出才如此成功，人人都为我喝彩。 知识点2 be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊 【教材原句】He was even shocked at their wedding when...他甚至对他们的婚礼感到震惊……(教材P2） · shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊 be a shock to...使……震惊 · shocked adj.感到震惊的 be shocked to do sth.因做某事而感到震惊 be shocked that...对……感到震惊 · shocking adj.令人震惊的 【例句】All of us are shocked at his situation in the company. 我们大家都对他在公司的处境感到震惊。 对点练习·单句语法填空 ①I was shocked to hear(hear) the news that he had been fired. 听到他被解雇的消息，我很震惊。 ②The ending of this play is very shocking(shock)． 这出戏的结局真令人震惊。 知识点3 sort n．种类；方式v.分类；挑选 【教材原句】But I enjoy that sort of food myself. 但是我自己也喜欢那种食物。(教材P3） · sort out分类；整理；(从……中)挑选出 sort out...from...把……从……中挑选/辨别出来 · a sort of一种 all sorts of各种各样的 sort of有点儿，有几分；稍微(作副词用，修饰其后的形容词和动词) 【例句】 ①He spent an hour sorting out the emails he had received. 他花了一个小时将他收到的电子邮件分类。 ②We must sort out the good apples from the bad ones. 咱们得把好的苹果拣出来，同坏的那些分开。 对点练习·完成句子 ①Sort out the following messages that are mixed up to make complete sentences containing attributive clauses. 把下面混乱的信息整理成含有定语从句的完整的句子。 ②There are all sorts of flowers in the garden in the center of the city. 在城市中心的花园里有各种各样的花。 ③He looked sort of bored with the film and left the cinema without finishing it.他看上去对这部电影有点厌烦，没看完就离开了电影院。 知识点4 typical adj.典型的，有代表性的 【教材原句】He also does a typical Sunday roast. 他也会做典型的周日烧烤。(教材P3） · be typical of典型的，特有的 It is typical of sb.to do sth.某人做某事是经常的；某人一贯好做某事。 · typically adv.通常，一般；典型地；果然 【例句】 ①Since I’m here，I’d like to try typical dishes of this country. 既然来了，我想品尝这个国家的特色菜。 ②Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of actors. 我们两个都具有演员典型的品质和优点。 对点练习·单句语法填空 Typically(typical)，he would come late and then say that he had to go early. 他一向是来得很晚，然后又总说他得早走。 知识点5 suffer from遭受；忍受；患病 【教材原句】We all love roast beef and vegetables，but Mum says we’d better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies，according to traditional Chinese medicine.我们都喜欢吃烤牛肉和蔬菜，但妈妈说我们最好不要吃太多的烤制食品，因为根据中医的说法，这可能会让我们遭受体内热量的折磨。(教材P3） · suffer vt.& vi.遭受，蒙受；受苦；感到疼痛 suffer loss/pain遭受损失/痛苦 · suffering n．痛苦，疼痛；苦难；折磨 · sufferer n．患病者；受苦者 【易混辨析】suffer，suffer from suffer指“遭受苦痛、损失，忍受侮辱”等，其宾语通常为pain，loss，damage，punishment，defeat，hardship，discouragement，disappointment等抽象名词。 suffer from指“遭受战争、自然灾害等带来的苦难及患病之苦”，其后常接表示疾病或造成不幸或痛苦的事物的名词。 注意：二者一般不用于被动语态。 【例句】The people in this country have suffered a lot because of the war. 战争让这个国家的人民深受其害。 对点练习·完成句子 ①The patient said that he had suffered from a bad back. 那个病人说他患过背疼。 ②The new plant can’t suffer the cold weather，so the researchers are trying to deal with it. 这种新植物不能经受寒冷的天气，所以研究人员正在设法处理。 知识点6 remind...of...使……想起…… It reminded me of blue cheese，a similarly strong smelling type of food you either love or hate.这让我想起了蓝奶酪，一种味道同样很重的食物，你要么喜欢，要么讨厌。(教材P3） remind sb.that...提醒某人…… remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事 【例句】 ①The pictures reminded me of my school days. 这些照片使我想起了学生时代。 ②I reminded him that he must go home before dark. 我提醒他必须在天黑前回家。 对点练习·单句语法填空 ①Remind me to write(write) to my mother if I forget it.如果我忘了，请提醒我给妈妈写信。 ②Reminded(remind) not to speak loud in the library, the students lowered their voice.被提醒不要在图书馆大声说话，学生们降低了声音。 知识点7 must 必须 【教材原句】He must have thought I was joking. 他一定以为我在开玩笑。(教材P3） · 本句中must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定；想必”，语气十分肯定。属于“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”结构。 · “情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的其他形式： ①should have done在语义上相当于ought to have done，表示“过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做”；shouldn’t have done表示“过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了”。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。 ②may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。 ③can/could have done表示“本来可以做而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中can’t have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。 ④needn’t have done表示“本来不必做某事而实际上却做了”。 【例句】He must have been punished，for he is upset today. 他肯定是受到了惩罚，因为他今天很沮丧。 对点练习·完成句子 ①You shouldn’t have taken away my dictionary，for I wanted to use it. 你本不应该拿走我的字典，因为我要用它。 ②He should have started earlier，but he didn’t. 他本应该早点出发，但是他没有。 ③They can’t have left；it was raining so heavily then.雨下得很大，他们不可能离开了。 ④You needn’t have come；I have finished the work. 你没有必要来，我已经完成了这项工作。 知识点8 nothing better than再也没有……比这更……的了 【教材原句】　To me，there’s nothing better than a cross­cultural afternoon tea of English biscuits and a cup of Chinese oolong tea in a fine china cup！ (教材P3） 对我来说，没有什么比英式饼干和在瓷杯里泡一杯乌龙茶这种跨文化的下午茶更好的了！ 【例句】 本句中nothing better than为形容词的比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级的含义。常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等，其意义为“再也没有……比这更……的了”。 ①In my opinion，nothing is more pleasant than traveling. 在我看来，没有什么比旅行更令人愉快的了。 对点练习·单句语法填空 I have never spent a more worrying(worry) day. 我从来没有经历过比这更令人担忧的一天了。 知识点9 convenient adj.方便的，便利的 【教材原句】　I know we should eat more fresh fruit and vegetables，but ready meals are so convenient.我知道我们应该多吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜，但是即时餐确实很方便。(教材P9） 【考点归纳】 · convenience n．便利；方便 for convenience为方便起见 at sb.’s convenience在某人方便时 · It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人方便做某事。 名师点津：convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应用when it is convenient for you表示，而不是when you are convenient。 【例句】 ①It is convenient for people to do some shopping online now. 现在人们网上购物很方便。 ②Please come to see me at your convenience.＝Please come to see me if it is convenient for/to you. 请在你方便时来看我。 对点练习·单句语法填空 If it is convenient，I’ll go to see him this weekend. 如果方便，我这个周末去看他。 知识点10 belong to属于 【教材原句】Can you guess which fridge belongs to which person？你能猜出哪台冰箱属于哪个人吗？(教材P9） belong to属于，没有被动形式，也不用于完成时和进行时。后面要接宾格代词或名词作宾语。 belongings n．所有物；财产 【例句】Think of the people who belong to book groups. 想想那些属于图书小组的人。 对点练习·单句语法填空 ①The house belonging(belong) to my grandfather was sold yesterday. 属于我爷爷的那套房子昨天被卖掉了。 ②Later，he took all his belongings(belong) to France. 后来，他带着全部财产去了法国。 知识点11 adapt v．使适应，使适合；改写，改编 【教材原句】What’s more，it is easy to make and can be adapted to individual tastes. 更重要的是，它很容易制作并能迎合个人口味。(教材P11） · adapt oneself to适应 adapt A for B　将A改编为B adapt A from B　根据B改编A · adaptable adj.有适应能力的，能适应的 · adaptation n．适应；改编本，改写本 【例句】It took him a while to adapt himself to the new surroundings. 他过了好一阵子才适应新环境。 对点练习·完成句子 ①It is said that the TV play is adapted from a novel. 据说这部电视剧改编自一部小说。 ②Successful businesses are highly adaptable(adapt) to economic change. 成功的企业高度适应经济变化。 ③Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation. 这里我要强调一些在气候适应方面更聪明、更具创造性的例子。 ④Three of her novels have been adapted for television by a famous director. 她的三部小说已被一位著名导演改编成电视剧。 知识点12 pick up v．捡起；收集；接人；偶然结识；站起，扶起；振作精神；(不费力地)学会；获得 【教材原句】So，don’t forget to pick up some chicken on your way home and try this recipe out！所以，别忘了在回家的路上买些鸡肉，试试这个食谱！(教材P11） pick and choose挑三拣四，仔细挑选 pick on故意挑剔；故意找茬 pick out挑选出 pick sb.to do sth.挑选某人做某事 【例句】 ①It’s not easy to pick out the best actor for this play，because they’re all so good. 要在这出戏里选出最佳演员可真不容易，因为他们都演得十分出色。 ②They always pick on her when anything goes wrong. 每当事情出了什么差错，他们总是责怪她。 对点练习·单句语法填空 When I was in the third grade，I was picked to be(be) the princess in the school play. 在三年级时，我被选为校园剧中的公主。 【一词多义】写出下列句子中pick up的汉语意思 ①He picked up the child and put her on his shoulders.抱起 ②But we have to survive，so I have to pick myself up，and then continue my work.振作精神 ③The next morning，my mum came to pick me up.开车接 ④She’s talking with the man she picked up on holiday.偶然结识 ⑤She soon picked up French when she went to live in France.学会 三、语法清单 情态动词 【感知·语法规律】 1．...I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks! 2．But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother. 3．...Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen! 4．...we’d better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies... 5．“You needn’t try it if you don’t want to，”Mum said... 【精讲·语法知识】 （一）基本特征 1．情态动词有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，需和实义动词或系动词一起作谓语。 She can speak English though she is six. 尽管她才6岁，但她会说英语。 2．情态动词一般无人称和数的变化，个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。 They must be in the classroom. 他们一定在教室里。 3．构成否定句时，not放在其后面。 The young man can’t carry the big stone. 这个年轻人搬不动那块大石头。 4．情态动词后接动词原形。 You will do as I told you. 你得照我说的去做。 （二）基本用法 1．can与be able to (1)can只有现在时和过去时(could)，而be able to则有更多的时态变化，在将来时、完成时和非谓语动词中只能用be able to。 (2)can一般指自身具有的能力，而be able to则表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力，相当于manage to do或succeed in doing。 (3)在否定结构中was/were able to与could没有区别。 This time I failed in the exam，but I’ll be able to pass the exam next time.这次我考试不及格，但下次考试我能及格。(经过努力) She ran fast but she couldn’t/wasn’t able to catch the bus.她跑得很快可还是没能赶上公交车。 2．need的用法 (1)need作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。 —Need I finish the work today? —Yes，you must/have to./No，you needn’t. ——我需要今天干完这活吗？ ——是的，你必须干完。/不用，你不必干完。 There’s plenty of time.You needn’t drive so fast. 时间很充足，你不必开这么快。 注意：由need引起的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must或have to；否定回答常用needn’t。 (2)作实义动词 need作实义动词时，后可接名词、动名词、不定式等，有人称、时态和数的变化。 The bike needs repairing. ＝The bike needs to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要修理。 3．have to与must (1)have to“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式为don’t/didn’t have to。 It’s too late.I have to go home now. 天色太晚了，我现在得回家了。 You don’t have to finish the work now. 你现在没有必要完成这项工作。 (2)have to表示一种客观的需要，而must表示一种主观的需要。此外，must还表示“偏要”“非得”的意思。 I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon.今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。 You must obey the rules of your school. 你必须遵守你们学校的规则。 4．dare的用法 (1)dare既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中，表示“敢……”。 I dare not walk through the wood at night. 夜间我不敢在小树林里走。 (2)dare作实义动词时，在否定句、疑问句中不定式符号to也可以省略。 The children don’t dare (to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping. 孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢弄出一点声音。 Does he dare (to) tell you what he has done? 他敢告诉你们他所做的事情吗？ 5．had better的用法 had better后跟动词原形，表示“最好……”，其否定式在had better后加not。 You’d better get there before it gets dark. 你最好天黑前到那。 We’d better not talk so loudly. 我们最好不要这么大声说话。 对点练习 用适当的情态动词或所给动词的正确形式填空 1．We can choose between staying at home and taking a trip. 2．Some classmates suggest we should go to places of interest nearby. 3．I needn’t have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 4．I didn’t know whether he dared say that to him. 5．You’d better do (do) it all by yourself. 6．—Need I hand in my paper now? —Yes，you must . 7． The car is so dirty.It needs cleaning/ to be cleaned(clean)． 完成句子 1．I will be able to speak English in three years. 三年后我将能讲英语。 2．I’m afraid you dare not/ daren’t do such a thing. 恐怕你不敢做这样的事。 3．Do I need to leave my telephone number and address? 我有必要把电话和地址留下吗？ 4．Given his health condition，we had better not let him go there. 考虑到他的身体状况，我们最好不要让他去那里了。 4． It was raining outside；we had to stay at home . 5． 外面在下雨，我们不得不待在家里。 6．If you must smoke，please go outside. 如果你非得抽烟，请到外面去吸。 四、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元的写作项目是应用文，主题为中国美食文化。民以食为天，一个民族的饮食习惯，既形成其特有的生活方式与民风民俗，也由民生引发出各种社会现象，甚至演化为民族性格。那么就让我们在本单元作学习中，一起领略中华民族的美食文化吧！ 在写作时要注意以下几点： 1．写作主题为中国美食文化，所以选取具有代表性的中国美食是写作的基础。 2．写作要步骤清晰，简洁易懂。 3．关于中国美食的名称翻译，在写作时要格外注意 【积累·写作素材】 1．开头常用句式 Fish dishes are a specialty of the region. 鱼类菜肴是这个地区的特色。 This makes an excellent hot main dish. 这就是一道绝好的热主菜。 This recipe is an adaptation of an old favourite. 这个食谱是一个传统名食谱的改编。 Do you like cabbage? 你喜欢卷心菜吗？ 2．主体段落常用句式 This soup is substantial enough to serve as a main dish. 这道汤材料十足，可以当主菜了。 Stew the apple and blackberries to make a thick pulp. 把苹果和黑莓炖成浓稠的果浆。 Bind the mixture together with a little beaten egg. 用少许打过的蛋将混合料搅拌在一起。 Break the eggs into a shallow bowl and beat them lightly. 把鸡蛋打到一个浅碗里，轻轻地打。 3．结尾常用句式 With each successful dumpling or stir fry, I felt the rush of having conquered something while also learning essential stories of my past. 每一次成功的饺子或炒菜，都让我感到一种征服了某些东西的冲动，同时也学习了过去我的一些重要故事。 We are living in a cooking culture. 我们生活在一种饮食文化之中。 Food is the most important part of the developing of Chinese civilization. 食物是中华文明发展的最重要组成部分。 Chinese eating culture have a long history and it use the special way to feed Chinese from generation to generation. 【示例·分步写作】 假设你是李华，刚来你校的交换生约翰请你为他推荐一个生日聚餐的好去处。请根据以下要点提示，给他写一封信介绍你去过的一家中国餐馆。 1．餐馆位置：市中心，交通便利； 2．就餐环境：干净、舒适； 3．菜品特色：种类丰富、美味可口、价格实惠。 注意：1.词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear John， Best regards， Li Hua 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 应用文 话题 推荐餐馆 时态 一般现在时 人称 第一人称 第二步：词汇替换 ①介绍……给……　　　　　 introduce...to... ②推荐 recommend ③方便的，便利的 convenient ④各种各样的饭菜 a variety of dishes ⑤一个不错的选择 a good choice 第三步：句型升级 ①我很高兴向你介绍一家中国餐馆过生日。我和家人上周末去了那里。 普通表达：I am happy to introduce a Chinese restaurant to you for your birthday.I went there with my family last weekend. 高级表达：I am happy to introduce a Chinese restaurant to yo for your birthday，where I went with my family last weekend.(用where引导非限制性定语从句改写) ②那里面的环境非常舒适干净，有美妙的音乐，墙上还有让人赏心悦目的画。 普通表达：The environment inside is very comfortable and clean and there is fantastic music and amazing pictures on the walls. 高级表达：The environment inside、is very comfortable and clean with fantastic music and pleasant pictures on the walls.(用with复合结构改写) ③它提供各种各样的饭菜，它们非常好吃但不贵。 普通表达：It offers a variety of dishes.They are delicious but not expensive. 高级表达：It offers a variety of dishes, which are delicious but not expensive.((用which引导非限制性定语从句改写) 第四步：连句成篇 Dear John， I am happy to introduce a Chinese restaurant to you for your birthday, where I went with my family last weekend.There are several reasons I like it. First, I recommend it because it is located in the city centre and it’s convenient to get there.Second, the environment inside is very comfortable and clean with fantastic music and pleasant pictures on the walls.Third, the service there is really excellent.Last but not least, it offers a variety of dishes, which are delicious but not expensive. So I am sure this restaurant would be a good choice. I will be more than happy if you can take my suggestions into consideration. Best regards， Li Hua 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Food for thought 一、词汇清单 单词 1. dare modal verb 胆敢，敢于 2. wedding n.婚礼 3. sort n. 种，类 4. super adj.极好的，了不起的 5. typical .adj.典型的，有代表性的 6. gather v.聚集 7. bite n.咬 8. china-n.瓷，瓷料 9. symbol n.象征，标志 10.opinion n.意见，看法 11.marriage n.婚姻 12.suffer .(身体或精神上)受苦 13. horrible adj.糟糕的 14.poison n.毒素，毒物，毒药 15.deceive：v.欺骗 16. stinky adj.难闻的，有臭味的 短语 1. remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事 2. thanks to 由于,幸亏 3. suffer from遭受,忍受;患 … …病 4. come across偶然遇见,无意中发现 5. fall in love with爱上,喜欢上 6. take to 喜欢上 7. deal with处理 8. feel at home 感觉自在 9.in case 以防万一 10.belong to 属于 11.end up (尤指经历一系列意外后)最终处于,到头来 12.catch up 打听(不在时所发生的事情),别后叙谈 13.pick up 买,购买;捡起 14.bring up 抚养,养育 15.what ’s more 而且 16.try out 试验 17.be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊 be a shock to...使……震惊 be shocked to do sth.因做某事而感到震惊 be shocked that...对……感到震惊 熟词生义 pick up 捡起；收集；接人；偶然结识；站起，扶起；振作精神；(不费力地)学会；获得 句型 1．现在分词作原因状语 Growing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother, I’ve enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks! 2．It is said that= People say that据说 People say that one man’s meat is another man’s poison, but I feel at home with food from both my cultures. 3． there’s nothing better than没有比...更好的了 To me, there’s nothing better than a cross-cultural afternoon tea of English biscuits and a cup of Chinese oolong tea in a fine china cup! 4．Thanks to 句型 Thanks to this，Dad has come to love hot pot！ 语法 情态动词 二、知识点精讲 知识点1 Thanks to 由于，幸亏 【教材原句】Thanks to this，Dad has come to love hot pot！ 因为这一点，父亲开始喜欢上火锅。(教材P2） 表示“由于，因为”的短语还有： because of，owing to，due to，on account of 【例句】 ①Thanks to your help，I am successful in the end. 多亏了你的帮助，我最终成功了。 ②They moved here because of the baby. 他们为了孩子而搬家到这里。 对点练习·单句语法填空 Thanks his help，my speech was so successful that everyone cheered for me.多亏了他的帮助，我的演出才如此成功，人人都为我喝彩。 知识点2 be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊 【教材原句】He was even shocked at their wedding when...他甚至对他们的婚礼感到震惊……(教材P2） · shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊 be a shock to...使……震惊 · shocked adj.感到震惊的 be shocked to do sth.因做某事而感到震惊 be shocked that...对……感到震惊 · shocking adj.令人震惊的 【例句】All of us are shocked at his situation in the company. 我们大家都对他在公司的处境感到震惊。 对点练习·单句语法填空 ①I was shocked (hear) the news that he had been fired. 听到他被解雇的消息，我很震惊。 ②The ending of this play is very (shock)． 这出戏的结局真令人震惊。 知识点3 sort n．种类；方式v.分类；挑选 【教材原句】But I enjoy that sort of food myself. 但是我自己也喜欢那种食物。(教材P3） · sort out分类；整理；(从……中)挑选出 sort out...from...把……从……中挑选/辨别出来 · a sort of一种 all sorts of各种各样的 sort of有点儿，有几分；稍微(作副词用，修饰其后的形容词和动词) 【例句】 ①He spent an hour sorting out the emails he had received. 他花了一个小时将他收到的电子邮件分类。 ②We must sort out the good apples from the bad ones. 咱们得把好的苹果拣出来，同坏的那些分开。 对点练习·完成句子 ① the following messages that are mixed up to make complete sentences containing attributive clauses. 把下面混乱的信息整理成含有定语从句的完整的句子。 ②There are flowers in the garden in the center of the city. 在城市中心的花园里有各种各样的花。 ③He looked bored with the film and left the cinema without finishing it.他看上去对这部电影有点厌烦，没看完就离开了电影院。 知识点4 typical adj.典型的，有代表性的 【教材原句】He also does a typical Sunday roast. 他也会做典型的周日烧烤。(教材P3） · be typical of典型的，特有的 It is typical of sb.to do sth.某人做某事是经常的；某人一贯好做某事。 · typically adv.通常，一般；典型地；果然 【例句】 ①Since I’m here，I’d like to try typical dishes of this country. 既然来了，我想品尝这个国家的特色菜。 ②Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of actors. 我们两个都具有演员典型的品质和优点。 对点练习·单句语法填空 (typical)，he would come late and then say that he had to go early. 他一向是来得很晚，然后又总说他得早走。 知识点5 suffer from遭受；忍受；患病 【教材原句】We all love roast beef and vegetables，but Mum says we’d better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies，according to traditional Chinese medicine.我们都喜欢吃烤牛肉和蔬菜，但妈妈说我们最好不要吃太多的烤制食品，因为根据中医的说法，这可能会让我们遭受体内热量的折磨。(教材P3） · suffer vt.& vi.遭受，蒙受；受苦；感到疼痛 suffer loss/pain遭受损失/痛苦 · suffering n．痛苦，疼痛；苦难；折磨 · sufferer n．患病者；受苦者 【易混辨析】suffer，suffer from suffer指“遭受苦痛、损失，忍受侮辱”等，其宾语通常为pain，loss，damage，punishment，defeat，hardship，discouragement，disappointment等抽象名词。 suffer from指“遭受战争、自然灾害等带来的苦难及患病之苦”，其后常接表示疾病或造成不幸或痛苦的事物的名词。 注意：二者一般不用于被动语态。 【例句】The people in this country have suffered a lot because of the war. 战争让这个国家的人民深受其害。 对点练习·完成句子 ①The patient said that he a bad back. 那个病人说他患过背疼。 ②The new plant can’t ，so the researchers are trying to deal with it. 这种新植物不能经受寒冷的天气，所以研究人员正在设法处理。 知识点6 remind...of...使……想起…… It reminded me of blue cheese，a similarly strong smelling type of food you either love or hate.这让我想起了蓝奶酪，一种味道同样很重的食物，你要么喜欢，要么讨厌。(教材P3） remind sb.that...提醒某人…… remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事 【例句】 ①The pictures reminded me of my school days. 这些照片使我想起了学生时代。 ②I reminded him that he must go home before dark. 我提醒他必须在天黑前回家。 对点练习·单句语法填空 ①Remind me (write) to my mother if I forget it.如果我忘了，请提醒我给妈妈写信。 ② (remind) not to speak loud in the library, the students lowered their voice.被提醒不要在图书馆大声说话，学生们降低了声音。 知识点7 must 必须 【教材原句】He must have thought I was joking. 他一定以为我在开玩笑。(教材P3） · 本句中must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定；想必”，语气十分肯定。属于“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”结构。 · “情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的其他形式： ①should have done在语义上相当于ought to have done，表示“过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做”；shouldn’t have done表示“过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了”。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。 ②may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。 ③can/could have done表示“本来可以做而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中can’t have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。 ④needn’t have done表示“本来不必做某事而实际上却做了”。 【例句】He must have been punished，for he is upset today. 他肯定是受到了惩罚，因为他今天很沮丧。 对点练习·完成句子 ①You my dictionary，for I wanted to use it. 你本不应该拿走我的字典，因为我要用它。 ②He earlier，but he didn’t. 他本应该早点出发，但是他没有。 ③They ；it was raining so heavily then.雨下得很大，他们不可能离开了。 ④You ；I have finished the work. 你没有必要来，我已经完成了这项工作。 知识点8 nothing better than再也没有……比这更……的了 【教材原句】　To me，there’s nothing better than a cross­cultural afternoon tea of English biscuits and a cup of Chinese oolong tea in a fine china cup！ (教材P3） 对我来说，没有什么比英式饼干和在瓷杯里泡一杯乌龙茶这种跨文化的下午茶更好的了！ 【例句】 本句中nothing better than为形容词的比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级的含义。常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等，其意义为“再也没有……比这更……的了”。 ①In my opinion，nothing is more pleasant than traveling. 在我看来，没有什么比旅行更令人愉快的了。 对点练习·单句语法填空 I have never spent a (worry) day. 我从来没有经历过比这更令人担忧的一天了。 知识点9 convenient adj.方便的，便利的 【教材原句】　I know we should eat more fresh fruit and vegetables，but ready meals are so convenient.我知道我们应该多吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜，但是即时餐确实很方便。(教材P9） 【考点归纳】 · convenience n．便利；方便 for convenience为方便起见 at sb.’s convenience在某人方便时 · It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人方便做某事。 名师点津：convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应用when it is convenient for you表示，而不是when you are convenient。 【例句】 ①It is convenient for people to do some shopping online now. 现在人们网上购物很方便。 ②Please come to see me at your convenience.＝Please come to see me if it is convenient for/to you. 请在你方便时来看我。 对点练习·单句语法填空 If is convenient，I’ll go to see him this weekend. 如果方便，我这个周末去看他。 知识点10 belong to属于 【教材原句】Can you guess which fridge belongs to which person？你能猜出哪台冰箱属于哪个人吗？(教材P9） belong to属于，没有被动形式，也不用于完成时和进行时。后面要接宾格代词或名词作宾语。 belongings n．所有物；财产 【例句】Think of the people who belong to book groups. 想想那些属于图书小组的人。 对点练习·单句语法填空 ①The house (belong) to my grandfather was sold yesterday. 属于我爷爷的那套房子昨天被卖掉了。 ②Later，he took all his (belong) to France. 后来，他带着全部财产去了法国。 知识点11 adapt v．使适应，使适合；改写，改编 【教材原句】What’s more，it is easy to make and can be adapted to individual tastes. 更重要的是，它很容易制作并能迎合个人口味。(教材P11） · adapt oneself to适应 adapt A for B　将A改编为B adapt A from B　根据B改编A · adaptable adj.有适应能力的，能适应的 · adaptation n．适应；改编本，改写本 【例句】It took him a while to adapt himself to the new surroundings. 他过了好一阵子才适应新环境。 对点练习·完成句子 ①It is said that the TV play a novel. 据说这部电视剧改编自一部小说。 ②Successful businesses are highly (adapt) to economic change. 成功的企业高度适应经济变化。 ③Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of . 这里我要强调一些在气候适应方面更聪明、更具创造性的例子。 ④Three of her novels have been by a famous director. 她的三部小说已被一位著名导演改编成电视剧。 知识点12 pick up v．捡起；收集；接人；偶然结识；站起，扶起；振作精神；(不费力地)学会；获得 【教材原句】So，don’t forget to pick up some chicken on your way home and try this recipe out！所以，别忘了在回家的路上买些鸡肉，试试这个食谱！(教材P11） pick and choose挑三拣四，仔细挑选 pick on故意挑剔；故意找茬 pick out挑选出 pick sb.to do sth.挑选某人做某事 【例句】 ①It’s not easy to pick out the best actor for this play，because they’re all so good. 要在这出戏里选出最佳演员可真不容易，因为他们都演得十分出色。 ②They always pick on her when anything goes wrong. 每当事情出了什么差错，他们总是责怪她。 对点练习·单句语法填空 When I was in the third grade，I was picked (be) the princess in the school play. 在三年级时，我被选为校园剧中的公主。 【一词多义】写出下列句子中pick up的汉语意思 ①He picked up the child and put her on his shoulders. ②But we have to survive，so I have to pick myself up，and then continue my work. ③The next morning，my mum came to pick me up. ④She’s talking with the man she picked up on holiday. ⑤She soon picked up French when she went to live in France. 三、语法清单 情态动词 【感知·语法规律】 1．...I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks! 2．But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother. 3．...Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen! 4．...we’d better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies... 5．“You needn’t try it if you don’t want to，”Mum said... 【精讲·语法知识】 （一）基本特征 1．情态动词有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，需和实义动词或系动词一起作谓语。 She can speak English though she is six. 尽管她才6岁，但她会说英语。 2．情态动词一般无人称和数的变化，个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。 They must be in the classroom. 他们一定在教室里。 3．构成否定句时，not放在其后面。 The young man can’t carry the big stone. 这个年轻人搬不动那块大石头。 4．情态动词后接动词原形。 You will do as I told you. 你得照我说的去做。 （二）基本用法 1．can与be able to (1)can只有现在时和过去时(could)，而be able to则有更多的时态变化，在将来时、完成时和非谓语动词中只能用be able to。 (2)can一般指自身具有的能力，而be able to则表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力，相当于manage to do或succeed in doing。 (3)在否定结构中was/were able to与could没有区别。 This time I failed in the exam，but I’ll be able to pass the exam next time.这次我考试不及格，但下次考试我能及格。(经过努力) She ran fast but she couldn’t/wasn’t able to catch the bus.她跑得很快可还是没能赶上公交车。 2．need的用法 (1)need作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。 —Need I finish the work today? —Yes，you must/have to./No，you needn’t. ——我需要今天干完这活吗？ ——是的，你必须干完。/不用，你不必干完。 There’s plenty of time.You needn’t drive so fast. 时间很充足，你不必开这么快。 注意：由need引起的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must或have to；否定回答常用needn’t。 (2)作实义动词 need作实义动词时，后可接名词、动名词、不定式等，有人称、时态和数的变化。 The bike needs repairing. ＝The bike needs to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要修理。 3．have to与must (1)have to“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式为don’t/didn’t have to。 It’s too late.I have to go home now. 天色太晚了，我现在得回家了。 You don’t have to finish the work now. 你现在没有必要完成这项工作。 (2)have to表示一种客观的需要，而must表示一种主观的需要。此外，must还表示“偏要”“非得”的意思。 I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon.今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。 You must obey the rules of your school. 你必须遵守你们学校的规则。 4．dare的用法 (1)dare既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中，表示“敢……”。 I dare not walk through the wood at night. 夜间我不敢在小树林里走。 (2)dare作实义动词时，在否定句、疑问句中不定式符号to也可以省略。 The children don’t dare (to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping. 孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢弄出一点声音。 Does he dare (to) tell you what he has done? 他敢告诉你们他所做的事情吗？ 5．had better的用法 had better后跟动词原形，表示“最好……”，其否定式在had better后加not。 You’d better get there before it gets dark. 你最好天黑前到那。 We’d better not talk so loudly. 我们最好不要这么大声说话。 对点练习 用适当的情态动词或所给动词的正确形式填空 1．We choose between staying at home and taking a trip. 2．Some classmates suggest we go to places of interest nearby. 3．I have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 4．I didn’t know whether he say that to him. 5．You’d better (do) it all by yourself. 6．—Need I hand in my paper now? —Yes，you . 7． The car is so dirty.It needs (clean)． 完成句子 1．I will in three years. 三年后我将能讲英语。 2．I’m afraid you do such a thing. 恐怕你不敢做这样的事。 3．Do I my telephone number and address? 我有必要把电话和地址留下吗？ 4．Given his health condition，we . 考虑到他的身体状况，我们最好不要让他去那里了。 4． It was raining outside；we . 5． 外面在下雨，我们不得不待在家里。 6．If ，please go outside. 如果你非得抽烟，请到外面去吸。 四、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元的写作项目是应用文，主题为中国美食文化。民以食为天，一个民族的饮食习惯，既形成其特有的生活方式与民风民俗，也由民生引发出各种社会现象，甚至演化为民族性格。那么就让我们在本单元作学习中，一起领略中华民族的美食文化吧！ 在写作时要注意以下几点： 1．写作主题为中国美食文化，所以选取具有代表性的中国美食是写作的基础。 2．写作要步骤清晰，简洁易懂。 3．关于中国美食的名称翻译，在写作时要格外注意 【积累·写作素材】 1．开头常用句式 Fish dishes are a specialty of the region. 鱼类菜肴是这个地区的特色。 This makes an excellent hot main dish. 这就是一道绝好的热主菜。 This recipe is an adaptation of an old favourite. 这个食谱是一个传统名食谱的改编。 Do you like cabbage? 你喜欢卷心菜吗？ 2．主体段落常用句式 This soup is substantial enough to serve as a main dish. 这道汤材料十足，可以当主菜了。 Stew the apple and blackberries to make a thick pulp. 把苹果和黑莓炖成浓稠的果浆。 Bind the mixture together with a little beaten egg. 用少许打过的蛋将混合料搅拌在一起。 Break the eggs into a shallow bowl and beat them lightly. 把鸡蛋打到一个浅碗里，轻轻地打。 3．结尾常用句式 With each successful dumpling or stir fry, I felt the rush of having conquered something while also learning essential stories of my past. 每一次成功的饺子或炒菜，都让我感到一种征服了某些东西的冲动，同时也学习了过去我的一些重要故事。 We are living in a cooking culture. 我们生活在一种饮食文化之中。 Food is the most important part of the developing of Chinese civilization. 食物是中华文明发展的最重要组成部分。 Chinese eating culture have a long history and it use the special way to feed Chinese from generation to generation. 【示例·分步写作】 假设你是李华，刚来你校的交换生约翰请你为他推荐一个生日聚餐的好去处。请根据以下要点提示，给他写一封信介绍你去过的一家中国餐馆。 1．餐馆位置：市中心，交通便利； 2．就餐环境：干净、舒适； 3．菜品特色：种类丰富、美味可口、价格实惠。 注意：1.词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear John， Best regards， Li Hua 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 应用文 话题 推荐餐馆 时态 一般现在时 人称 第一人称 第二步：词汇替换 ①介绍……给……　　　　　 ②推荐 ③方便的，便利的 ④各种各样的饭菜 ⑤一个不错的选择 第三步：句型升级 ①我很高兴向你介绍一家中国餐馆过生日。我和家人上周末去了那里。 普通表达：I am happy to introduce a Chinese restaurant to you for your birthday.I went there with my family last weekend. 高级表达： (用where引导非限制性定语从句改写) ②那里面的环境非常舒适干净，有美妙的音乐，墙上还有让人赏心悦目的画。 普通表达：The environment inside is very comfortable and clean and there is fantastic music and amazing pictures on the walls. 高级表达： .(用with复合结构改写) ③它提供各种各样的饭菜，它们非常好吃但不贵。 普通表达：It offers a variety of dishes.They are delicious but not expensive. 高级表达： (用which引导非限制性定语从句改写) 第四步：连句成篇 Dear John， Best regards， Li Hua 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$