Unit 1 Section F 人与社会之科学与技术 相关题型训练-训练3 -2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

2025-2026学年度高三英语总复习系列题型专项复习 「Unit 1 阅读理解题型训练」 「Section F 人与社会之科学与技术 相关题型训练-训练3」 答 案 经典题目精读 把握最佳练习 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 1. B 题型：细节理解题 根据第一段“Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records.(今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。 2. C 题型：细节理解题 根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本),and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable?(这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?”和第四段”"We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差)data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,"said Daru.(Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。 3. C 题型：细节理解题 根据第四段”"We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差)data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,"said Daru.(Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段"This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.(这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。 4. D 题型：推理判断题 根据最后一段"Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of over sampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled.To improve the quality of observational data,biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.(生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。 全文翻译： 在抢在物种灭绝前完成地球物种编目之际，研究人员与公民科学家已收集了数十亿条记录。如今，大多数生物多样性记录以照片、视频等数字形式存在。尽管这类数据有助于监测某区域物种数量与种类的变化，但斯坦福大学一项新研究发现，这种记录方式并非完美无缺。 “随着技术发展，人们借助移动应用程序观察不同物种变得轻而易举，”该研究第一作者、斯坦福人文与科学学院生物学助理教授巴尔纳巴斯・达鲁（Barnabas Daru）表示，“这些观测记录如今已超过实体标本提供的原始数据。鉴于我们越来越依赖观测数据研究物种对全球变化的响应，我不禁想问：它们真的可靠吗？” 达鲁及其团队利用包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集，测试了这些数据对实际全球生物多样性模式的表征能力。 “我们特别想探究采样过程中导致数据偏差的因素，例如公民科学家更可能拍摄开花植物，而非旁边的草本植物，”达鲁说。 研究显示，海量纯观测记录并未带来更全面的全球覆盖。相反，这些数据存在显著偏差，偏向特定区域、时间段和物种。这并不难理解：通过移动设备获取生物多样性观测数据的往往是公民科学家，他们倾向于记录在附近遇到的物种，且数据多集中于外形吸引眼球的物种。 面对不完美的生物多样性数据集，我们能做什么？ “大有可为，”达鲁解释道，“生物多样性应用程序可依据我们的研究结果，向用户提示过度采样区域，引导他们前往采样不足的地点甚至物种。为提升观测数据质量，这类应用还可鼓励用户让专家确认上传图像的物种鉴定结果。” 第四次阅读：短文填词，检验语法情况 1. other 考查形容词。句意：今天，大多数生物多样性记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式存在。根据空后“digital records”可知，空处需用形容词other,与前面的photos,videos并列，表示“其他的数字记录”。故填other。 2. Though/Although/While 考查连词。句意：虽然它们对于检测一个地区物种数量和种类的变化很有用，但斯坦福大学的一项新研究发现，这种类型的记录并不完美。前后句是让步关系，空处需用though/although/while引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Though/Although/While。 3. to make 考查动词不定式。句意：随着科技的兴起，人们借助移动应用程序很容易观察到不同的物种。It is easy for sb.to do sth.表示“做某事对某人来说是容易的”,为固定句型，所以空处需用动词不定式to make作真正主语。故填to make。 4. that/which 考查定语从句。句意：这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是primary data,指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。故填that/which。 5. how 考查宾语从句。句意：Daru和他的团队利用一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集，测试了这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。空处需用连接词引导宾语从句，根据空后"well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns”可知，此处表示程度，需用连接副词how引导宾语从句。故填how。 6. particularly 考查副词。句意：Daru说：“我们特别感兴趣的是探索那些往往会使数据产生偏差的抽样方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”空处需用副词作状语修饰形容词interested,particular的副词为particularly“特别，尤其”。故填particularly。 7. revealed 考查时态。句意：他们的研究揭示，大量的仅观察记录并没有带来更好的全球覆盖。空处需用动词作谓语，根据上下文语境可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，谓语动词需用一般过去时。故填revealed。 8. recording 考查非谓语动词。句意：这是有道理的，因为使用移动设备获取观测生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了在附近地区与物种的接触。空处需用非谓语动词作定语，空处动词record与citizen scientists之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词recording作后置定语。故填recording。 9. of 考查介词。句意：生物多样性应用程序可以利用我们的研究结果向用户通报采样过多的地区，并引导他们前往采样不足的地方——甚至物种。inform sb.of sth.“告知某人某事”,固定搭配。故填of。 10. an 考查冠词。句意：为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的识别。空处需用冠词修饰名词expert,此处泛指“一个专家”,且expert是以元音音素开头的单词，所以空处需用不定冠词an。故填an。 相同主题重现 体会主题奥秘 第1篇 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了手写对大脑发育有益，解释了背后的原因以及作者对智能笔的态度。 1. A 题型：推理判断题 根据第一段“If you’re digitally skilled, it has likely been a while since you spent much time writing by hand. The laborious process of tracing out our thoughts, letter by letter, on the page is becoming a thing of the past in our screen-dominated world, where text messages and thumb-typed grocery lists have replaced handwritten letters and sticky notes. To keep up, many schools are introducing computers as early as preschool, meaning some kids may learn the basics of typing before writing by hand. Although electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits, giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost.(如果你精通数字技术，你可能已经有一段时间没有花太多时间手写了。在我们这个以屏幕为主导的世界里，把我们的想法一个字母一个字母地写在纸上的费力过程正在成为过去，短信和拇指输入的购物清单已经取代了手写信件和便利贴。为了跟上潮流，许多学校早在学龄前就开始引进电脑，这意味着一些孩子可能会在手写之前学习打字的基础知识。虽然电子键盘提供了明显的效率优势，但放弃手写可能要付出巨大的代价)”可知，作者在第1段想表达放弃手写是不明智的。故选A。 2. D 题型：词句猜测题 根据划线词上文“Typing pays no attention to the form of the letters — only involving relatively simple and uniform movements. By contrast, handwriting is a complex task. Motor system has to delicately adjust the pressure that each finger applies on the pen to recreate each letter. Adding to the complexity, your visual system must continuously process that letter as it’s formed, with your brain making adjustments to fingers in real time to create the letters` shapes.(打字不注意字母的形式，只涉及相对简单和统一的动作。相比之下，书写是一项复杂的任务。运动系统必须精确地调整每个手指施加在笔上的压力，以重现每个字母。更复杂的是，当字母形成时，你的视觉系统必须不断地处理它，你的大脑实时调整手指来创造字母的形状)”可知，上文解释了书写的过程需要大脑调整手指进行，说明大脑和手是一起工作的。故划线词意思是“一起工作”。故选D。 3. C 题型：推理判断题 根据第三段“For adults, typing often results in failing to actually process information. During a lecture, it’s possible to type what they’ re hearing word for word. But often, they’re just typing blindly, failing to make information their own.On the other hand, taking notes by hand forces them to write only key words and use drawings or arrows to work through ideas.(对于成年人来说，打字往往导致他们无法真正处理信息。在课堂上，他们可以一字不差地把听到的内容打出来。但通常，他们只是盲目地打字，没有把信息变成自己的。另一方面，手写笔记迫使他们只写关键词，并使用图画或箭头来表达想法)”可知，手写笔记有助于把想法联系起来。故选C。 4. C 题型：推理判断题 根据最后一段“Actually, we don’t have to drop digital tools, like graphics tablets and smart pens, to capitalize on the power of handwriting. Recent research suggests that writing on a screen activates the same brain pathways as writing on paper. It’s the movement that counts, not its final form.(实际上，我们不必放弃数字工具，比如图形平板电脑和智能笔，来利用手写的力量。最近的研究表明，在屏幕上写字和在纸上写字激活的大脑通路是一样的。重要的是运动本身，而不是最终形式)”可知，作者对使用数字笔的态度是支持。故选C。 全文翻译： 若你精通数字技术，或许已许久未曾花时间手写。在这个屏幕主导的世界里，逐字母在纸上勾勒思绪的费力过程正成为历史——短信与拇指敲击的购物清单已取代手写书信与便签。为跟上时代，许多学校甚至在学前班就引入电脑，意味着有些孩子可能先学打字基础，再学手写。尽管电子键盘效率显著，但放弃手写可能需付出高昂代价。 打字无需关注字母形态，仅涉及相对简单统一的动作。相比之下，手写是项复杂任务：运动系统需精细调节每根手指对笔的压力以复现字母；更复杂的是，视觉系统必须在字母形成过程中持续处理信息，大脑实时调整手指动作以塑造字形。“这一过程让身体与视觉感知达成协调。”北卡罗来纳大学认知心理学家罗伯特・威利（Robert Wiley）说，“这种复杂性对心智发展至关重要。” 屏幕与键盘取代纸笔可能影响儿童学习字母的能力，而这实则是后期阅读与数学成绩的重要预测指标。若幼儿未接受任何手写训练，其大脑将无法充分发育。对成人而言，打字常导致信息处理失效：听课时可能逐字敲击听到的内容，却只是盲目输入，未能将信息内化为己有。而手写笔记迫使人们仅记录关键词，并用图画或箭头梳理思路。 事实上，我们不必丢弃绘图板、智能笔等数字工具以利用手写的力量。最新研究表明，在屏幕上书写可激活与纸笔书写相同的大脑通路——关键在于动作本身，而非最终形式。当指尖的肌肉记忆与神经发育在书写中交织，或许我们该重新思考：在效率至上的数字时代，那些在纸上蜿蜒的笔迹，其实是大脑生长的秘密地图。 第2篇 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了研究发现的“肥胖记忆”现象，即人们在减肥后，脂肪细胞可能仍保留着肥胖时的状态，导致体重容易反弹。这种现象与表观基因组的变化有关，这些变化会干扰脂肪细胞的正常功能，并向大脑发送错误的信号，影响饥饿感和新陈代谢的调节。 1. D 题型：词句猜测题 根据文章第一段中的“According to a study published in Nature, even after cutting significant weight, your fat cells might be hanging on to the “obesity (肥胖) memory”, which could explain why keeping the weight off can feel like an uphill battle.(根据《自然》杂志上发表的一项研究，即使在大幅减重之后，脂肪细胞可能仍然保留着“肥胖记忆”，这可以解释为什么保持体重减轻感觉像是一场艰苦的战斗)”可知，人们减掉体重后，脂肪细胞还会使人们有回到原来体重的趋势，所以“肥胖记忆”指的就是人们有回到原来体重的倾向。D选项“People have a tendency to go back to their previous weight(人们有回到原来体重的倾向)”与原文描述相符。故选D。 2. C 题型：细节理解题 根据文章第三段中的“These individuals not only experience heightened hunger and an intense appetite, but also face a metabolic reality where their bodies are more likely to store food as fat rather than burn it (这些人不仅饥饿感增强，食欲旺盛，而且还面临着一种新陈代谢的现实，即他们的身体更倾向于将食物储存为脂肪，而不是将其燃烧掉)”可知，研究人员在减肥小组中发现，这些减肥者食欲增强，新陈代谢变慢。C选项“They have increased appetite and slower metabolism(他们食欲增强，新陈代谢变慢)”与原文描述相符。故选C。 3. B 题型：推理判断题 根据文章最后一段中的“Even so, the most effective way to beat obesity is to stop it before it starts — addressing it before it becomes a challenge(即便如此，战胜肥胖最有效的方法就是在它开始之前就阻止它——在它成为挑战之前就解决它)”可知，作者强调要预防肥胖，在它开始之前就阻止它。B选项“Early prevention(早期预防)”符合题意。故选B。 4. C 题型：主旨大意题 根据文章第一段中的“According to a study published in Nature, even after cutting significant weight, your fat cells might be hanging on to the “obesity (肥胖) memory”, which could explain why keeping the weight off can feel like an uphill battle.(根据《自然》杂志上发表的一项研究，即使在大幅减重之后，脂肪细胞可能仍然保留着“肥胖记忆”，这可以解释为什么保持体重减轻感觉像是一场艰苦的战斗)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了根据一项发表在《自然》杂志上的研究，即使减掉了很多体重，脂肪细胞也可能还保留着“肥胖记忆”，导致体重容易反弹，解释了为什么保持体重不反弹会感觉像是一场艰难的战斗。因此，文章的最佳标题应该是与脂肪细胞的“肥胖记忆”和体重反弹相关的。C选项“Memory of fat cells: The reason for easy weight regain(脂肪细胞的记忆：体重容易反弹的原因)”准确地概括了文章的主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选C。 全文翻译： 《自然》杂志发表的一项研究显示，即便大幅减重，脂肪细胞仍可能留存"肥胖记忆"，这或许能解释为何维持体重如同逆水行舟。 问题的核心在于表观基因组的改变——这是DNA和蛋白质上控制基因活性的一组化学标记。对脂肪细胞而言，这些变化不仅会干扰能量储存和激素调节等正常功能，还会向调控饥饿感与新陈代谢的脑区发送错误信号。 研究人员近期在人类身上发现了这种顽固的生理倾向。当分析减肥者与无肥胖史对照组的脂肪组织时，他们发现了一个惊人现象：减肥组中某些基因的活性显著更高。正如一位参与者调侃："我的脂肪细胞就像在低语，'嘿，咱们得为冬天囤货！'"另一位坦言："我无法停止想食物，无时无刻不想吃高热量零食！"这些人不仅饥饿感增强、食欲旺盛，还面临着代谢困境——身体更倾向于将食物转化为脂肪储存，而非燃烧供能。一位沮丧的节食者幽默地说："感觉我的身体把每顿饭都当成毕生一次的盛宴！" 尽管这些发现揭示了肥胖"记忆"的存在，科学家也警告称，该研究尚未证明表观遗传变化直接导致体重反弹。代谢专家玄哲卢强调："需要更多研究来明确这些变化的确切作用。" 对正在减肥的人而言，保持苗条并非不可能——只是需要持续努力。瑞士联邦理工学院的生物学家劳拉・欣特指出："脂肪细胞或许记性很好，但你能智取它们。长期成功源于养成持久的习惯，尤其是饮食与运动方面。"即便如此，对抗肥胖最有效的方式仍是防患于未然——在问题出现前就加以干预。 第3篇 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了心理学和认知领域的专家通过研究发现，使用第三人称代替第一人称（即使用代词“他/她”代替“我”来指代自己）这一古老的修辞手法（illeism）可以让人在面临艰难抉择时保持冷静，避开杂乱情绪对判断的干扰，有助于更清楚地看待事情，做出更有智慧的选择，并能减轻压力和增加积极情绪。 1. B 题型：推理判断题 第一段中“Yet, few have proven as surprisingly effective as the ancient practice of illeism. (然而，很少有像illeism这种古老的做法被证明如此惊人地有效。)”以及“Politicians often use this device to sound more objective, as Julius Caesar did in his account of the Gallic War, writing “Caesar avenged (为……报仇) the public” instead of “I avenged the public.” Simply put, illeism is the act of referring to oneself in the third person instead of the first person.(政治家们经常使用这种手法来使自己听起来更客观，就像朱利叶斯·凯撒在他的《高卢战记》中所做的那样，他写道“凯撒为公众复仇了”，而不是“我为公众复仇了”。简而言之，illeism就是用第三人称指代自己，而不是用第一人称。)”可知，第一段中提到Julius Caesar的例子是为了证明像illeism这种古老的做法被证明如此惊人地有效，即为了证明illeism的有效性。故选B。 2. D 题型：推理判断题 根据第三段中“Research by Igor Grossmann at the University of Waterloo shows that we’re naturally better at being “wise” when dealing with other people’s problems than our own. This is known as Solomon’s Paradox (悖论), which explains why giving your best friend advice is a breeze (微风), but solving your own is a drama.(滑铁卢大学伊戈尔·格罗斯曼的研究表明，在处理别人的问题时，我们天生就比处理自己的问题时更“明智”。这被称为所罗门悖论，它解释了为什么给最好的朋友提建议轻而易举，但解决自己的问题却充满曲折。)”可知，所罗门悖论指的是人们在处理别人的问题时往往比处理自己的问题时更明智。选项D“You can’t read the label from inside the jar. (你往往难以看清自己的问题)”恰好反映了这一悖论，意味着人们往往难以看清自己的问题，就像无法从罐子内部看清标签一样。故选D。 3. D 题型：细节理解题 根据文章第四段中的“By shifting to the third person, we step back from our negative emotions and gain another perspective. (通过切换到第三人称，我们从负面情绪中抽身出来，获得了另一个视角)”以及“Studies show that people who tried this displayed more modesty — basically, they made clearer decisions and leveled up their wisdom game.(研究表明，尝试过这种方法的人表现得更谦虚——基本上，他们做出了更清晰的决定，提升了他们的智慧水平。)”可知，illeism（用第三人称指代自己）有助于决策，因为它使人们能够从负面情绪中抽离出来，从而获得一个新的视角来看待问题，由此做出更清晰的决定。因此，D选项“People can gain a fresh perspective with positive emotions.(人们可以用积极的情绪获得一个新的视角)”符合题意。故选D。 4. A 题型：推理判断题 通读全文，文章主要介绍了illeism（用第三人称指代自己）这一做法在心理学和认知领域的应用和效果，说明其有助于人们在面临决策时保持冷静，避开杂乱情绪对判断的干扰。由此推断出这篇文章很可能来自一个心理学博客。故选A。 全文翻译： 作为专注心理学与人类认知的写作者，我探索过无数提升脑力的技巧，却很少有比"第三人称自我指称"（illeism）更令人称奇的古老智慧。政客常用这种表达显得更客观——正如尤利乌斯・凯撒在《高卢战记》中写道"凯撒为公众复仇"，而非"我为公众复仇"。简言之，illeism就是用第三人称而非第一人称指代自己的行为。 对现代人而言，这种自我指称方式或许显得过于正式或古怪，但科学证实其效果惊人。当面临棘手决策时，用第三人称说话能帮助保持冷静，穿透常蒙蔽判断的混乱情绪，就像让大脑获得俯瞰全局的空间。 滑铁卢大学伊戈尔・格罗斯曼（Igor Grossmann）的研究表明：我们天生更擅长解决他人的问题，却困于自身难题——这被称为"所罗门悖论"（Solomon’s Paradox），解释了为何给挚友提建议易如反掌，自己却常陷入纠结。 第三人称自我指称能否破解这一悖论？格罗斯曼的研究给出肯定答案。通过转换为第三人称视角，我们得以抽离负面情绪，获得新认知维度。实验显示，采用这种方式的人表现出更强的审慎态度——他们能做出更清晰的决策，智慧指数显著提升。一项研究甚至发现，用第三人称写日记达一个月的参与者，开始以全新视角看待日常情境，且报告称压力感减轻、心态更积极。 我自己试过，效果确实存在！无论是工作中的挑战性决策、家庭矛盾还是友情维系，这种思维转换都让我看得更透、行动更慎。起初或许觉得奇怪，但实效惊人。若你在寻找轻松有趣的醒脑方法，何不尝试？说不定会发现自己内心的"凯撒"。 第4篇 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家如何利用AI技术来自动化诊断精神健康疾病的过程。 1. D 题型：细节理解题 根据第二段“However, text-based AI has its limitations. Cultural distinction, language barriers, and varying levels of fluency in language can impact the results.(然而，基于文本的AI也有其局限性。文化差异、语言障碍和语言流利程度的不同都会影响结果)”可知，基于文本的AI面临的挑战是它无法避免语言因素的影响。故选D。 2. C 题型：推理判断题 根据第四段“The system uses “pre-training”, a technique by which the model is initially exposed to vast quantities of general speech, to help it recognize complex speech patterns.(该系统使用“预训练”技术，通过这种技术，该模型最初暴露于大量的一般语音中，以帮助它识别复杂的语音模式)”可推知，对大量的一般语言进行预训练是为了识别复杂的语音模式。故选C。 3. B 题型：细节理解题 根据最后一段“Different people with the same condition often require customized treatments for the symptoms (症状) they find most troubling. The next step for this promising technology seems self-evident — build AI models that can help doctors personalize the treatments they give to patients.(患有相同疾病的不同患者往往需要对他们最困扰的症状进行个性化治疗。这项前景广阔的技术下一步似乎显而易见——构建AI模型，帮助医生为患者提供个性化的治疗方案)”可知，基于人工智能的技术将提供量身定制的治疗。故选B。 4. B 题型：主旨大意题 通读全文，尤其是第一段“Traditional methods employed for the diagnosis (诊断) of mental-health conditions require that patients engage in direct communication with a doctor. While these methods appears sensible in theory, such assessments can, in practical terms, extend over a period of several months, and furthermore, the diagnoses are ultimately subject to a degree of subjectivity.(用于诊断精神健康状况的传统方法要求患者与医生进行直接沟通。虽然这些方法在理论上似乎是合理的，但实际上，这种评估可能会持续几个月，而且，诊断最终受到一定程度的主观性的影响)”和第二段“It is precisely for this reason that scientists are actively involved in experimental efforts to automate this diagnostic process.(正是由于这个原因，科学家们积极参与实验工作，使这一诊断过程自动化)”可知，本文主要讲述了科学家如何利用AI技术来自动化诊断精神健康疾病的过程。由此可知，B选项“Diagnosing Mental Disorders with AI(用人工智能诊断精神障碍)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。 全文翻译： 传统心理健康状况诊断方法要求患者与医生直接沟通。尽管理论上看似合理，但这类评估实际可能持续数月，且诊断结果最终难免带有主观性。正因如此，科学家正积极探索诊断流程的自动化方案。 例如，大型语言模型（LLMs）能够分析访谈录音文本，搜寻暗示心理疾病的言语模式与语境线索。但基于文本的AI存在固有局限：文化差异、语言障碍及语言流利度差异均会影响结果。研究已表明，LLM倾向于反映社会中的语言歧视——某研究中，相比白人患者，模型未能诊断出黑人患者的抑郁症状。 因此，当前研发的新方法不再聚焦单个词汇，而是关注词汇的言说方式。例如，某AI模型旨在捕捉患者声音中的细微变化。研究者假设，抑郁症患者可能存在人类难以察觉的独特说话方式。 该系统采用“预训练”技术：模型先接触海量通用语音，以识别复杂言语模式，包括人类罕见捕捉的节奏变化、音高波动及音质差异。这种预训练如同语言音叉，使系统无需理解词义，即可挑出可能预示抑郁的言语复杂变异。随后，研究者利用抑郁症患者录音对这一通用系统进行“微调”，使其专门用于抑郁检测。当基于某临床评分维度对抑郁严重程度分类时，该方法准确率达95%。 诊断虽有价值，却只是第一步。相同病症的不同患者常需针对最困扰症状的定制化治疗。这项前景光明的技术下一步目标显而易见：构建能帮助医生为患者制定个性化治疗方案的AI模型。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年度高三英语总复习系列题型专项复习 「Unit 1 阅读理解题型训练」 「Section F 人与社会之科学与技术 相关题型训练-训练3」 经典题目精读 把握最佳练习 第一次阅读：完成题目，按照考试节奏 2024年新高考Ⅰ卷 英语高考真题 In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 1. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A．They are becoming outdated. B．They are mostly in electronic form. C．They are limited in number. D．They are used for public exhibition. 2. What does Daru’s study focus on? A．Threatened species. B．Physical specimens. C．Observational data. D．Mobile applications. 3. What has led to the biases according to the study? A．Mistakes in data analysis. B．Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C．Improper way of sampling. D．Unreliable data collection devices. 4. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A．Review data from certain areas. B．Hire experts to check the records. C．Confirm the identity of the users. D．Give guidance to citizen scientists. 第二次阅读：识记单词，掌握英语基础 1. document v. 记录 例句：In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct... 翻译：在记录地球上物种以免其灭绝的竞赛中…… 2. extinct adj. 灭绝的 例句：...before they go extinct. 翻译：在它们灭绝之前。 3. biodiversity n. 生物多样性 例句：Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos... 翻译：如今，大多数生物多样性记录通常以照片形式存在…… 4. detect v. 发现；检测 例句：Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species... 翻译：尽管它们有助于检测物种数量和种类的变化…… 5. specimen n. 标本 例句：...the primary data that comes from physical specimens. 翻译：…… 来自物理标本的主要数据。 6. investigate v. 调查；研究 例句：...to investigate how species are responding to global change... 翻译：…… 调查物种如何应对全球变化…… 7. reveal v. 揭示；显示 例句：Their study revealed that observation-only records did not improve global coverage. 翻译：他们的研究显示，仅观察记录并未提升全球覆盖范围。 8. sampling n. 采样；抽样 例句：We explored aspects of sampling that tend to bias data... 翻译：我们探索了易使数据产生偏差的采样层面…… 9. favor v. 偏爱；倾向于 例句：These data are biased and favor certain regions and species. 翻译：这些数据存在偏差，且偏爱某些地区和物种。 10. likelihood n. 可能性 例句：...the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to photograph a flowering plant... 翻译：…… 公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物…… 11. coverage n. 覆盖范围 例句：Large observation records did not lead to better global coverage. 翻译：大量观察记录并未带来更好的全球覆盖范围。 12. region n. 地区；区域 例句：Data are biased and favor certain regions... 翻译：数据存在偏差，且偏向某些地区…… 13. feature n. 特征；特点 例句：Data bias toward species with attractive features. 翻译：数据偏向具有吸引人特征的物种。 14. encounter n. 遇见；遭遇 例句：Citizen scientists record encounters with species in nearby areas. 翻译：公民科学家记录在附近区域与物种的遇见。 15. confirm v. 确认；证实 例句：Encourage users to have experts confirm species identification. 翻译：鼓励用户让专家确认物种识别。 第三次阅读：精读文章，寻觅佳句好句 1. 让步状语从句 + 宾语从句 Though they are useful for detecting shifts in species numbers and variety, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. 语法分析 （1）主干结构：A study has found that...（主句 + 宾语从句） （2）修饰成分： “Though they are useful...” 为让步状语从句，体现 “虽然…… 但是……” 的转折逻辑； 宾语从句 “that this type of record is not perfect” 使用主系表结构，客观陈述研究结论； 2. 现在分词作状语 + 宾语从句 Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual biodiversity patterns. 语法分析 （1）主干结构：Daru and his team tested how well...（主句 + 宾语从句） （2）非谓语修饰： “Using a global dataset...” 为现在分词短语作方式状语，与主语构成主动关系； 宾语从句 “how well these data represent...” 中，“how well” 引导程度提问，动词 “represent” 后接宾语 “patterns”； 3. 应用文好句积累与背诵（适用于科技型等题材） “Biodiversity apps can inform users of oversampled areas and guide them to under-sampled species”—this approach improves data quality, as shown in the Stanford study. “生物多样性应用可告知用户过度采样区域，并引导他们关注采样不足的物种”—— 如斯坦福研究所示，该方法能提升数据质量。 写 “给环保组织的建议信” 时可引用：“As the study suggests, apps should inform users of oversampled parks and guide them to rare species, improving data diversity.”（“如研究建议，应用应告知用户过度采样的公园，并引导至稀有物种，提升数据多样性”）； 议论文论证：用于“技术与科学”主题，如：“Just as biodiversity apps adjust sampling areas, scientific research must constantly refine methods to avoid bias.” 4. 应用文好句积累与背诵（适用于问题解决等题材） To improve observational data, apps can encourage users to have experts confirm species identification—this simple step bridges the gap between citizen science and professional research. 为提升观察数据质量，应用可鼓励用户让专家确认物种识别 —— 这一简单步骤架起了公民科学与专业研究的桥梁。 用于 “跨领域合作” 主题，如：“Like the Stanford study’s suggestion, all innovations thrive when amateurs and experts collaborate—one confirmation step can change everything.” 第四次阅读：短文填词，检验语法情况 In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and 1. ___________ digital records. 2. ___________ they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people 3. ___________(make) observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data 4. ___________ comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested 5. ___________ well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were 6. ___________ (particular) interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study 7. ___________ (reveal) that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists 8. ___________ (record)their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users 9. ___________ oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have 10. ___________ expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 相同主题重现 体会主题奥秘 1. 2025年广东深圳模拟 If you’re digitally skilled, it has likely been a while since you spent much time writing by hand. The laborious process of tracing out our thoughts, letter by letter, on the page is becoming a thing of the past in our screen-dominated world, where text messages and thumb-typed grocery lists have replaced handwritten letters and sticky notes. To keep up, many schools are introducing computers as early as preschool, meaning some kids may learn the basics of typing before writing by hand. Although electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits, giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost. Typing pays no attention to the form of the letters — only involving relatively simple and uniform movements. By contrast, handwriting is a complex task. Motor system has to delicately adjust the pressure that each finger applies on the pen to recreate each letter. Adding to the complexity, your visual system must continuously process that letter as it’s formed, with your brain making adjustments to fingers in real time to create the letters’ shapes. “This process lets you make your body and what you are seeing mesh.” says Robert Wiley, a cognitive psychologist at the University of North Carolina, adding “such complexity is crucial to mental development.” Screens and keyboards replacing pen and paper might affect kids’ ability to learn letters, which is actually an important predictor of later reading and math attainment. If young children are not receiving any handwriting training, their brains simply won’t reach their full potential. For adults, typing often results in failing to actually process information. During a lecture, it’s possible to type what they’re hearing word for word. But often, they’re just typing blindly, failing to make information their own. On the other hand, taking notes by hand forces them to write only key words and use drawings or arrows to work through ideas. Actually, we don’t have to drop digital tools, like graphics tablets and smart pens, to capitalize on the power of handwriting. Recent research suggests that writing on a screen activates the same brain pathways as writing on paper. It’s the movement that counts, not its final form. 1. What does the author intend to convey in paragraph 1? A．Abandoning handwriting is unwise. B．Digital literacy is essential nowadays. C．Handwritten communication is out of date. D．Computer courses are urgently needed in preschools. 2. What does the underlined word “mesh” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Set up. B．Run fast. C．Mess up. D．Work together. 3. What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．Blind typing contributes to brain development. B．Kids have a preference for screens and keyboards. C．Handwritten markers are good for getting ideas linked. D．Adults have the ability to memorize complex information. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards using digital pens? A．Doubtful. B．Critical. C．Favorable. D．Unclear. 2. 2025年山西省模拟 According to a study published in Nature, even after cutting significant weight, your fat cells might be hanging on to the “obesity (肥胖) memory”, which could explain why keeping the weight off can feel like an uphill battle. The issue lies in changes to the epigenome — a set of chemical tags on DNA and proteins that control gene activity. For fat cells, these changes can not only disturb normal functions like energy storage and hormone (荷尔蒙) regulation, but also send wrong signals to the parts of brain that regulate hunger and metabolism (新陈代谢). Researchers recently uncovered the stubborn tendency in humans. When analyzing fat tissue (组织) from weight-loss individuals and a control group with no history of obesity, they found a surprising pattern: Certain genes were much more active in the weight-loss group. As one participant joked, “It’s like my fat cells are whispering, ‘Hey, let’s stock up for winter!’” Another admitted, “I can’t stop thinking about food — I desire high-calorie snacks all the time!” These individuals not only experience heightened hunger and an intense appetite, but also face ametabolic reality where their bodies are more likely to store food as fat rather than burn it. As one frustrated dieter humorously remarked, “It feels like my body treats every meal like a once-in-a-lifetime feast!” While these findings shed light on the “memory” of obesity, scientists caution that the study does not prove that epigenetic changes directly cause weight regain. Hyun Cheol Roh, a metabolism expert, stressed that “more research is needed to pin down the exact role of these changes.” For those already on a weight-loss journey, staying slim isn’t an impossible dream — it’s achievable, though it does take effort. Laura Hinte, a biologist at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, wants you to know: “Your fat cells might have a great memory, but you can outsmart them. Long-term success comes from building habits that stick — especially in diet and exercise.” Even so, the most effective way to beat obesity is to stop it before it starts —addressing it before it becomes a challenge. 1. What does the “obesity memory” mean? A．People’s weight is controlled by brain. B．People can’t forget the overweight state. C．People can never change the old habits related to obesity. D．People have a tendency to go back to their previous weight. 2. What has researchers found in the weight-loss group? A．Their genes become much less active. B．They tend to cherish food and try not to waste it. C．They have increased appetite and slower metabolism. D．Their weight is more likely to bounce back in winter. 3. What does the last paragraph emphasize about beating obesity? A．Instant recovery. B．Early prevention. C．Challenging goals. D．Effortless maintenance. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Body shape is determined by genes B．The hidden secret of epigenetic changes C．Memory of fat cells: The reason for easy weight regain D．Fat cells never change: Why losing weight is impossible 3. 2025年山西太原模拟 As a writer specializing in psychology and human cognition (认知) ,I’ve explored countless tricks to boost brainpower. Yet, few have proven as surprisingly effective as the ancient practice of illeism. Politicians often use this device to sound more objective, as Julius Caesar did in his account of the Gallic War, writing “Caesar avenged (为……报仇) the public” instead of “I avenged the public.” Simply put, illeism is the act of referring to oneself in the third person instead of the first person. Talking about yourself this way might sound overly formal or unusual to modern ears, but science says it works wonders. When tough decisions come knocking, speaking in the third person can help you stay calm, cutting through those messy emotions that often cloud our judgment. It’s like giving your brain a little space to see the big picture. Research by Igor Grossmann at the University of Waterloo shows that we’re naturally better at being “wise” when dealing with other people’s problems than our own. This is known as Solomon’s Paradox (悖论), which explains why giving your best friend advice is a breeze (微风), but solving your own is a drama. Can illeism help solve this paradox? Grossmann’s research suggests it can. By shifting to the third person, we step back from our negative emotions and gain another perspective. Studies show that people who tried this displayed more modesty — basically, they made clearer decisions and leveled up their wisdom game. One study even found that participants who journaled in the third person for a month started seeing everyday situations in a whole new light. They also reported feeling less stressed and more positive. I’ve tried it myself, and honestly, it works! Whether it’s challenging work decisions, family dilemmas, or handling friendships, this little mental shift has helped me see things more clearly and act more thoughtfully. Sure, it might sound a little odd at first, but it’s incredibly effective. If you’ re looking for a fun, easy way to clear your head, why not give it a shot? Who knows— you might just discover your inner Caesar. 1. Why is Julius Caesar’s example cited in the first paragraph? A．To reveal the source of illeism. B．To prove the effectiveness of illeism. C．To show the intelligence of politicians. D．To explain the development of a language. 2. Which of the following sayings best reflects Solomon’s Paradox? A．Out of sight, out of mind. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．A problem shared is a problem halved. D．You can’t read the label from inside the jar. 3. How does illeism aid decision-making? A．People can accept others’ advice with modesty. B．People can adjust personal habits to handle issues. C．People can perfect their judgment by increasing wisdom. D．People can gain a fresh perspective with positive emotions. 4. Where is this text probably taken from? A．A psychology blog. B．A historical biography. C．A self-help guide. D．A scientific journal. 4. 2025年辽宁沈阳模拟 Traditional methods employed for the diagnosis (诊断) of mental-health conditions require that patients engage in direct communication with a doctor. While these methods appears sensible in theory, such assessments can, in practical terms, extend over a period of several months, and furthermore, the diagnoses are ultimately subject to a degree of subjectivity. It is precisely for this reason that scientists are actively involved in experimental efforts to automate this diagnostic process. For instance, large language models (LLMs) possess the capacity to analyze literally recorded interviews in search of speech patterns and contextual clues indicating psychological disorders. However, text-based AI has its limitations. Cultural distinction, language barriers, and varying levels of fluency in language can impact the results. It has also been demonstrated that LLMs have a tendency to mirror the linguistic discriminations in society. In one study, an LLM failed to diagnose depression in black patients compared with white patients. Consequently, the novel methods currently under development do not focus on individual words but on the way those words are spoken. An AI model, for example, is intended to detect slight changes in a patient’s voice. The researchers assume that individuals with depression may possess distinctive ways of speaking that are not very noticeable for the human to detect. The system uses “pre-training”, a technique by which the model is initially exposed to vast quantities of general speech, to help it recognize complex speech patterns. These patterns might include variations in rhythm, pitch (音高) variability and voice quality that human can rarely catch. This pre-trained acts as a linguistic tuning fork, enabling the system to pick out complex variations in speech that might potentially signal depression, without the necessity of comprehending the words themselves. Subsequently, the researchers adjusted, or “fine-tuned” this general-purpose system specifically for the detection of depression with the aid of recordings of patients with depression. This method was 95% accurate when tasked with categorizing its severity based on one clinical rating extent. Diagnosis, though valuable, is only the first step. Different people with the same condition often require customized treatments for the symptoms (症状) they find most troubling. The next step for this promising technology seems self-evident—build AI models that can help doctors personalize the treatments they give to patients. 1. What’s the challenge text-based AI faces in Paragraph 2? A．It cannot deeply analyze speech patterns. B．It cannot reflect linguistic discriminations. C．It cannot correctly recognize contextual clues. D．It cannot avoid influences from linguistic factors. 2. Why is there pre-training on vast quantities of general speech? A．To recognize complex word patterns. B．To pick out variations in symptoms. C．To identify complicated voice patterns. D．To understand the words themselves. 3. How will the AI-based technology further develop? A．It will promote its accuracy. B．It will offer tailored treatments. C．It will diversify its functions. D．It will provide personal diagnosis. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A．Promising AI Treatment B．Diagnosing Mental Disorders with AI C．Language Models with AI D．Applying AI to Mental Health Treatment 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$