Unit 1 Section F 人与社会之科学与技术 相关题型训练-训练2 -2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

2025-2026学年度高三英语总复习系列题型专项复习 「Unit 1 阅读理解题型训练」 「Section F 人与社会之科学与技术 相关题型训练-训练2」 答 案 经典题目精读 把握最佳练习 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AT by Design.A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制Al的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。 1. C 题型：词句猜测题 根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码)that powers AI but,thankfully,Campbell has more than two decades professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which,by the close,will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示“如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。 2. B 题型：推理判断题 根据文章第二段“thankfully,Campbell has more than two decades professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which,by the close,will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。 3. C 题型：细节理解题 根据文章倒数第三段"She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence,or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.(她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章倒数第二段“We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out.Such structured thinking,followed by global regulation,will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.(我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。 4. A 题型：推理判断题 根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of Al to transform our lives,we all need to take action to deal with our Al-powered future,and this is where AI by Design.A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in.This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical road map addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming Al revolution(变革).(考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design.A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject,this is it.(人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AT by Design.A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence—书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制Al的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。 全文翻译： 鉴于人工智能（AI）在改变人类生活方面的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动应对这个由AI驱动的未来，而《AI by Design：与人工智能共生的规划》正是为解决这一需求应运而生。这部由卡特里奥娜・坎贝尔（Catriona Campbell）撰写的引人入胜的新书，为应对即将到来的AI革命所带来的挑战提供了实用路线图。 若落入不当之手，此类书籍可能会像驱动AI的计算机代码一样晦涩难解，但幸运的是，坎贝尔拥有二十多年将深奥概念转化为通俗表达的专业经验。她以商业人士的实践视角而非学者身份写作，使这本指南既通俗易懂又信息丰富——读完后，你甚至会觉得自己几乎和AI一样聪慧。 正如我们从《AI by Design》中很快会了解到的，AI已具备超强智能，且能力将持续提升，从当前的“窄义AI”（narrow-AI）迈向通用人工智能。坎贝尔指出，在此之后还将出现“人工主导智能”。这正是她为何要在这些发展预计发生的数十年前，就着手提升公众对AI及其未来的认知——她强调，人类必须保持对AI的控制权，否则可能面临被边缘化甚至更糟的风险。 坎贝尔的核心诉求是唤醒AI的责任方——科技企业与世界领袖——使其与当前开发AI的所有专家达成共识。她解释说，我们正处于历史的“临界点”，必须立即采取行动，防止人类遭遇灭绝级事件。我们需要思考希望与AI共存的未来走向何方，而这种结构化思考辅以全球监管，将助力人类实现伟大成就，而非走向衰败。 第四次阅读：短文填词，检验语法情况 1. where 考查表语从句。句意：这就是《人工智能设计：与人工智能共生的计划》这本书发挥作用的地方。“this is”后面是一个表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，“where”在表语从句中作地点状语，用来表示“在……地方”，符合句子的逻辑和语法结构。故填where。 2. absorbing 考查形容词。句意：这本由卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔所著的引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，它解决了即将到来的人工智能革命所带来的挑战。这里需要一个形容词来修饰“new book”，“absorbing”是“absorb”的形容词形式，意为“吸引人的，引人入胜的”。故填absorbing。 3. complicated 考查形容词原级。句意：在错误的人手中，这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样难以理解。“as+形容词/副词原级+as”是固定结构，这里表示“和……一样”，“complicated”是形容词，意为“复杂的，难懂的”，用来形容书的内容难以理解，在句中作表语。故填complicated。 4. the 考查冠词。句意：坎贝尔有超过二十年的专业经验，能将令人兴奋的内容转化为能被理解的事物。“the+形容词”表示一类人或事物，“the understandable”表示“能被理解的事物”。故填the。 5. making 考查非谓语动词。句意：她以商人而不是学者的实际角度来写作，结果就形成了一本易懂且信息丰富的指南。空处为非谓语动词，make与上文为主动关系，用现在分词。“making”在这里是现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填making. 6. why 考查表语。句意：这就是为什么坎贝尔现在要开始提高人们对人工智能及其未来的认识。空处引导表语从句，表示“为什么”，连接副词为why。“This is why.….”是一个固定句型，意为“这就是为什么……”。故填why。 7. being sidelined 考查非谓语动词。句意：她说我们必须控制人工智能，否则就有被边缘化的风险，甚至可能更糟。“risk doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“冒险做某事”，这里"sideline”与“we”之间是被动关系，即“我们被边缘化”，所以用动名词的被动形式"being sidelined"。故填being sidelined。 8. currently 考查副词。句意：坎贝尔的观点是要唤醒那些对人工智能负责的人——科技公司和世界领袖，让他们与当前正在开发人工智能的所有专家达成共识。这里需要一个副词来修饰动词“developing”，"currently"是"current”的副词形式，意为“当前，目前”。故填currently。 9. out 考查固定短语。句意：我们需要考虑我们希望我们与人工智能的未来如何发展。"pan out”是固定短语，意为“成功；结果是；发展为”。故填out。 10. will enable 考查时态。句意：这样的结构化思维，随后是全球监管，将使我们能够取得伟大成就而不是走向衰落。根据上下文可知，这里描述的是未来的情况，所以用一般将来时“will enable”，表示“将会使能够”。故填will enable。 相同主题重现 体会主题奥秘 第1篇 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了脑震荡的研究和治疗方法的探讨，即从传统的黑暗治疗方法转向更积极的恢复策略。 1. A 题型：主旨大意题 根据第一段“The brain is protected by shock-absorbing fluid and, outside that, the skull. In a concussion (脑震荡), the brain bounces around in the skull, accelerating, decelerating or revolving. This creates a series of impacts. The neurons (神经元) in the brain are disturbed, and between those neurons, the axons - thin fibers that transmit electrical impulses–stretch or break. Inside the brain, it’s like an earthquake that has happened. Everything is still standing, but there are cracks in the roads and in building foundations.(大脑是由吸震液保护的，在吸震液之外，还有头骨。在脑震荡中，大脑在头骨中反弹，加速，减速或旋转。这产生了一系列的影响。大脑中的神经元受到干扰，在这些神经元之间，轴突——传输电脉冲的细纤维——伸展或断裂。在大脑内部，就像发生了一场地震。一切都还在，但道路和建筑地基上有裂缝。)”可知，第一段的主要讲的是脑震荡的机制，包括脑部在颅骨内的运动及其对神经元的影响。故选A项。 2. C 题型：细节理解题 根据第四段“But people who spend more time in a dark room-sometimes called “cocooning”-are also more likely to experience anxiety, depression and sleep problems. Their bodies get weaker due to underuse, as well.( 但是，在黑暗的房间里呆得时间越长（有时被称为“茧”）的人也越容易出现焦虑、抑郁和睡眠问题。他们的身体也会因为未充分利用而变得更加虚弱。)”可知，活动不足导致人们在暗室治疗中身体变弱。故选C项。 3. A 题型：细节理解题 根据倒数第二段中“The active-rest approach to concussion recovery promotes a slow increase in activity, starting with a day or two of light daily movement, and gradually adding activity, building to a full return to normal, unrestricted activity.(脑震荡恢复的积极-休息方法促进活动的缓慢增加，从一天或两天的轻微运动开始，逐渐增加活动，直到完全恢复正常，不受限制的活动。)”可知，首先制定一个循序渐进的健身计划这种练习被建议用来帮助治疗脑震荡。故选A项。 4. B 题型：主旨大意题 根据文章大意以及最后一段““People who follow the right guidance and management tend to recover uneventfully, and those who don’t and continue to do their activities continue to tax their brain and are likely to have long-term, persisting symptoms,” Babul says. “The key is to recognize it immediately and know what to do.”(Babul说：“遵循正确指导和管理的人往往会平静地康复，而那些不遵循正确指导和管理的人则会继续进行活动，继续给大脑带来负担，并可能出现长期持续的症状。”“关键是要立即意识到这一点，并知道该怎么做。”)”可知，文章主要讲的是脑震荡的研究和治疗方法的探讨，即从传统的黑暗治疗方法转向更积极的恢复策略。故这篇文章最好的标题是“从黑暗到光明：脑震荡的康复”。故选B项。 全文翻译： 大脑由缓冲液体保护，其外是颅骨。发生脑震荡时，大脑在颅骨内来回撞击、加速、减速或旋转，形成一系列冲击。大脑中的神经元受到干扰，而神经元之间传递电脉冲的细纤维——轴突会拉伸或断裂。在大脑内部，这就像发生了一场地震：一切看似仍矗立着，但道路和建筑地基已出现裂缝。 这种极小的损伤会产生重大后果。但几十年前，公众对脑震荡持“挺过去”的态度。这种情况已发生改变，部分原因在于人们对其长期影响的认识有所提高。2015年的电影《震荡效应》讲述了法医病理学家本内特・奥马鲁博士的真实故事，他研究的慢性创伤性脑病（CTE）是一种由反复头部损伤引发的脑部疾病。 直到最近，暗室治疗仍是大多数医生的标准处方，要求患者在黑暗中休息且不接受任何精神刺激，直至症状缓解。这一建议源于20世纪90年代至21世纪初的研究，当时发现脑震荡运动员若继续高强度活动，其恢复速度比休息者更慢。 但长时间处于暗室（有时被称为“茧化”）的人也更易出现焦虑、抑郁和睡眠问题，身体也会因缺乏活动而变得虚弱。 “过去十年间科学研究已取得进展，表明当你完全停止活动时，实际上会影响恢复进程，”运动损伤专家巴布尔（Babul）表示。脑震荡恢复的“积极休息法”主张缓慢增加活动量：从每天进行一两天的轻度运动开始，逐步增加活动强度，直至完全恢复正常、不受限制的活动。 “遵循正确指导和管理的人往往能顺利康复，而不遵循且继续活动的人会持续给大脑带来负担，可能出现长期持续的症状，”巴布尔说，“关键是要立即识别脑震荡并知道如何应对。” 第2篇 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述的是关于地球自转日与原子时间之间关系及其引发的闰秒调整争议。 1. B 题型：词句猜测题 根据第一段划线词后文“keeping atomic time matching the Earth’s rotation(使原子时间与地球自转保持一致)”并结合前文可知，划线词所在句子表示“由于潮汐的拖拽作用，地球自转速度会减慢，这导致需要在原子时间中增加“闰秒”以保持同步，使原子时间与地球自转保持一致”，划线词的意思是“同步”，和“Keeping the same pace(保持同样的速度)”意思相近。故选B。 2. D 题型：推理判断题 根据第二段“In the past, Earth’s rotation was slowing, but since the 1990s, it has been speeding up, potentially requiring the removal of a leap second. This complete change has led to questions about the necessity of leap seconds, as they cause interruptions in computer and telecom operations.(在过去，地球的自转是缓慢的，但自20世纪90年代以来，它一直在加速，这可能需要消除闰秒。这种彻底的改变引发了人们对闰秒必要性的质疑，因为闰秒会导致计算机和电信业务中断。)”可知，在第2段中提到了Reddit和一些航空公司是因为它们都是闰秒影响的例子。故选D。 3. D 题型：推理判断题 根据最后一段“Whether we choose to keep leap seconds or adopt a new system, the goal is to ensure the reliability and stability of timekeeping in our increasingly interconnected world.(无论我们选择保留闰秒还是采用新的系统，目标都是在我们这个日益相互联系的世界中确保计时的可靠性和稳定性。)”可知，调整闰秒的目的是保持时间测量的可靠性和一致性。故选D。 4. B 题型：推理判断题 通读全文，尤其是第三段“However, some argue that maintaining the traditional day is important for various reasons, including scientific and cultural significance.(然而，一些人认为，出于各种原因，包括科学和文化意义，保持传统的日子很重要。)”和倒数第二段“Some propose waiting a century before making a significant adjustment. But others suggest stopping leap-second adjustments by 2035, as voted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 2022.(一些人建议在一个世纪后再进行重大调整。但另一些人则建议根据2022年国际计量大会的投票结果，在2035年前停止闰秒调整。)”可知，作者客观地介绍了关于闰秒调整的讨论和争议，因此可以认为作者的态度是中立的。故选B。 全文翻译： 地球自转定义的“一天”概念，自古便是计时的基础。然而地球自转速度并非恒定——潮汐引力导致其逐渐放缓，因此需在原子时中添加“闰秒”以维持同步，确保原子时与地球自转周期一致。如此一来，我们的时钟便能匹配地球完成一次完整自转的时长。自1972年以来，人类已累计添加27次闰秒。但近期地球自转的变化，引发了关于是否应延续这一做法的争议。 过去地球自转持续放缓，但20世纪90年代以来却开始加速，这意味着可能需要删除闰秒。这一转变彻底动摇了闰秒存在的必要性——因其常导致计算机和电信系统运行中断。例如2012年添加闰秒时，Reddit平台崩溃，部分航空公司航班延误。 争议的核心在于：地球自转日与原子时之间的显著差异是否重要？在数字化时代，一天的精确时长似乎不再关键。但有人认为，出于科学和文化等多重意义，维持传统“天”的定义仍有必要。 是否延续闰秒的决定极为复杂：有人建议等待百年再做重大调整，而国际计量大会2022年投票则提议在2035年前停止闰秒调整，以减少调整频率并留出准备时间。 归根结底，闰秒的存废抉择折射出人类与时间的关系，以及我们对时间一致性的重视。正如物理学家伊丽莎白所言：“时间是国际单位制中最重要的单位，许多其他标准都依赖于它。”无论选择保留闰秒还是采用新系统，目标都是在日益互联的世界中确保计时的可靠性与稳定性。 第3篇 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员通过给大黄蜂安装微型追踪器来研究蜜蜂的行为模式以及杀虫剂所带来的影响。 1. B 题型：细节理解题 根据第二段“Once attached, these tiny trackers transmit radio signals to a collection of 44 radio towers which process the signals to record precise whereabouts.(一旦连接上，这些微小的追踪器就会向44个无线电塔发送无线电信号，无线电塔会对信号进行处理，以记录精确的位置)”可知，大黄蜂女王的“背包”可以揭示蜜蜂的位置。故选B。 2. A 题型：细节理解题 根据第四段“In experiments focused on how different pesticides affect bee movement, the scientists learned that while using newer classes of pesticides may not kill bumblebees, “we have found that they’re flying in significantly odd ways,” says Liczner. For example, pesticide-treated late-season queens, which would usually be resting and building up energy reserves for the winter, were moving “all over the place,” potentially burning up the fat stores they need to survive the winter.(在专注于不同杀虫剂如何影响蜜蜂运动的实验中，科学家们了解到，虽然使用新型杀虫剂可能不会杀死大黄蜂，但“我们发现它们以非常奇怪的方式飞行，”Liczner说。例如，经过杀虫剂处理的晚季蜂王，通常会休息并为冬天积累能量储备，它们正在“到处”移动，可能会燃烧它们过冬所需的脂肪储备)”可知，杀虫剂扰乱了蜜蜂的飞行模式。故选A。 3. C 题型：词句猜测题 根据划线词上文“What’s more, 30% of flights are at night.(更重要的是，30%的蜜蜂是在夜间飞行)”以及后文“because some regulations allow farmers to use pesticides between dusk and dawn, when bees were previously thought to be inactive(因为一些法规允许农民在黄昏到黎明之间使用杀虫剂，而这段时间蜜蜂被认为是不活跃的)”可知，法规允许农民在黄昏到黎明之间使用杀虫剂，导致原本这段时间不活跃的蜜蜂也夜间飞行，所以是揭示了令人担忧的信息。故划线词意思是“令人担忧的”故选C。 4. D 题型：细节理解题 根据最后一段“This late summer, Liczner and her team were able to follow the backpacked queens to the spots where they dug into the ground to spend the winter. When the queens emerge, unfolding their wings in the spring sunshine, Liczner hopes to be there to learn more from this understudied species.(这个夏末，Liczner和她的团队能够跟随背包皇后到他们挖地过冬的地方。当蚁后在春天的阳光下展开翅膀时，Liczner希望能从这个未被充分研究的物种身上学到更多)”可知，Liczner的研究在未来有助于进行专门针对性的保护。故选D。 全文翻译： 在安大略省剑桥市的一片草原上，空气中弥漫着低沉的嗡鸣。温暖的春日里，东加拿大大黄蜂蜂后正忙于授粉。但若凑近观察会发现，有些蜂后竟背着"背包"？ 这些"背包"实为圭尔夫大学博士后阿曼达・利兹纳（Amanda Liczner）的研究工具，用于追踪蜜蜂的移动轨迹、行为模式与栖息地选择。不同于追踪大型动物的GPS项圈，利兹纳团队将微型追踪器固定在蜂后背部。这些追踪器会向44座无线电塔传输信号，通过信号处理记录蜜蜂的精确位置。利兹纳随后可从塔中下载数据，分析蜜蜂的时间分配。 尽管我们已知大黄蜂依赖花朵，但利兹纳指出，关于这类昆虫仍有诸多未知，尤其是杀虫剂如何影响其移动。她表示，信息缺失使得制定具体保护建议变得棘手。 目前团队已有有趣发现：在探究不同杀虫剂对蜜蜂移动的影响实验中，科学家发现尽管新型杀虫剂不致死大黄蜂，"但它们的飞行方式显著异常"。例如，接触过杀虫剂的晚季蜂后本应休息以储备越冬能量，却"四处乱飞"，可能耗尽过冬必需的脂肪储备。 更令人惊讶的是，30%的飞行发生在夜间。"这让所有人都大吃一惊，而且整夜都在飞！"利兹纳说。这一发现至关重要且令人担忧，因为部分法规允许农民在黄昏至黎明间使用杀虫剂——而此前认为此时蜜蜂处于不活跃状态。 今年夏末，利兹纳团队成功追踪带背包的蜂后至其挖洞越冬的地点。当蜂后在春日阳光中展开翅膀时，她希望能继续从这个研究不足的物种身上揭开更多秘密。 第4篇 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是斯坦福大学领导的一项研究揭示了玉米根系如何感知土壤水分并生长分支的遗传机制。 1. C 题型：推理判断题 根据第二段“The study, published in the journal Science, uncovers genetic mechanisms behind “hydropatterning”, or how plant roots branch toward water and avoid dry spaces in soil.(这项发表在《科学》杂志上的研究揭示了“水模式”背后的遗传机制，即植物的根是如何向水分支并避开土壤中的干燥空间的。)”可知，斯坦福大学领导的这项研究的主要焦点是根分枝的遗传调控。故选C。 2. D 题型：推理判断题 根据第四段““Interestingly, the plants that are better at sensing where the water is are also making deeper root systems,” said lead author Johannes Scharwies.(“有趣的是，更善于感知水源的植物根系也更深，”首席作者Johannes Scharwies说。)”可知，从Johannes Scharwies的话中可以推断出更强的水模式与更大的根深有关。故选D。 3. B 题型：主旨大意题 根据第五段“Genetic analyses reveal two plant hormones, auxin and ethylene, play a role in how corn roots respond to water. While auxin was already known to help control this process, ethylene’s involvement was a new discovery.(遗传分析揭示了两种植物激素，生长素和乙烯，在玉米根系对水的反应中起作用。虽然已知生长素有助于控制这一过程，但乙烯的参与是一个新发现。)”可知，第五段主要讲的是激素在根生长中的作用。故选B。 4. B 题型：细节理解题 根据最后一段“Further research is needed to better understand the interaction of these genetic pathways before corn varieties can be developed with more drought-resistant root systems, but the findings highlight the significance of studying these localized responses at root tips, researchers said.(研究人员说，在培育出具有更抗旱根系的玉米品种之前，需要进一步的研究来更好地了解这些遗传途径的相互作用，但是这些发现强调了研究根尖上这些局部反应的重要性。)”可知，最后一段建议未来的研究找出基因相互作用的机制。故选B。 全文翻译： 斯坦福大学主导的研究发现，玉米植株本可通过根尖感知土壤水分分布，但美国许多高产品种似乎已丧失部分此类能力。随着气候变化加剧干旱，该发现为培育更耐旱的玉米品种提供了关键线索。相关研究发表于《科学》杂志，揭示了植物根系向水生长（“水模式形成”）背后的遗传机制，尤其发现了植物激素乙烯在此过程中的新作用。 研究团队开发了一种简化方法，用于研究根系对水分的敏感性。结果显示，适应墨西哥湿热地区的玉米品种能精准地在湿润区域萌发新侧根，避开干旱土壤；而适应北美温带地区的品种则常随机生长根系，无法区分土壤干湿区域。“有趣的是，更擅长感知水分的植株也会发育更深的根系系统，”第一作者约翰内斯・沙尔维斯（Johannes Scharwies）指出，“这意味着植株若不将能量浪费在干旱区域的根系生长上，就能将更多资源用于向深层土壤延伸——那里水分更充足。” 基因分析表明，植物激素生长素和乙烯共同调控玉米根系的寻水反应。尽管生长素对根系向水性的调控作用早已为人所知，但乙烯的参与却是新发现。在模式植物拟南芥的实验中，研究人员观察到：生长素信号促进根系向水侧分支，而乙烯则在根系暴露于空气时抑制分支形成。 研究人员指出，在培育具有耐旱根系系统的玉米品种前，仍需进一步探究这些遗传通路的相互作用机制。但此项发现凸显了研究根尖局部响应的重要性——当玉米根尖的“水模式形成”能力被重新激活，或许能在干旱土壤中为作物打开一条寻找生命水源的遗传通道。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年度高三英语总复习系列题型专项复习 「Unit 1 阅读理解题型训练」 「Section F 人与社会之科学与技术 相关题型训练-训练2」 经典题目精读 把握最佳练习 第一次阅读：完成题目，按照考试节奏 2024年新高考Ⅱ卷 英语高考真题 Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 1. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. 2. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A．It is packed with complex codes. B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C．It provides step-by-step instructions. D．It is intended for AI professionals. 3. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A．Observe existing regulations on it. B．Reconsider expert opinions about it. C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history. C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert. 第二次阅读：识记单词，掌握英语基础 1. astonishing adj. 惊人的 例句：Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action. 翻译：鉴于人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动。 2. transform v. 改变；转化 例句：AI has the potential to transform our lives in unprecedented ways. 翻译：人工智能有潜力以前所未有的方式改变我们的生活。 3. absorbing adj. 引人入胜的 例句：This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap. 翻译：卡特里奥娜・坎贝尔的这本引人入胜的新书是一份实用指南。 4. roadmap n. 路线图 例句：The book serves as a practical roadmap for addressing AI challenges. 翻译：这本书是应对人工智能挑战的实用路线图。 5. complicated adj. 复杂的 例句：In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated as AI code. 翻译：若落入不当之人手中，这本书可能会像人工智能代码一样复杂。 6. process v. 处理；理解 例句：The book helps readers process the complexities of AI technology. 翻译：这本书帮助读者理解人工智能技术的复杂性。 7. decade n. 十年 例句：Campbell has two decades’ experience translating tech concepts. 翻译：坎贝尔有二十年翻译科技概念的经验。 8. translate v. 翻译；转化 例句：She excels at translating technical jargon into understandable language. 翻译：她擅长将技术术语转化为易懂的语言。 9. accessible adj. 易懂的；易接近的 例句：The guide is highly accessible, even to non-technical readers. 翻译：这本指南非常易懂，即使是非技术读者也能理解。 10. capable adj. 有能力的 例句：AI is already super-smart and will become more capable over time. 翻译：人工智能已经超级智能，且会随着时间变得更有能力。 11. generation n. 代；一代 例句：Current "narrow-AI" will evolve to Artificial General Intelligence. 翻译：当前的 “窄人工智能” 将进化为通用人工智能。 12. awareness n. 意识；认知 例句：Campbell aims to raise awareness of AI’s future risks. 翻译：坎贝尔旨在提高人们对人工智能未来风险的意识。 13. extinction n. 灭绝 例句：We must act to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. 翻译：我们必须采取行动，防止人类面临灭绝级事件。 14. regulation n. 监管；规则 例句：Global regulation is needed to guide AI development. 翻译：需要全球监管来引导人工智能的发展。 15. downfall n. 衰落；垮台 例句：Uncontrolled AI could lead to humanity’s downfall. 翻译：不受控制的人工智能可能导致人类的衰落。 第三次阅读：精读文章，寻觅佳句好句 1. 过去分词作状语 + 表语从句 Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action, and this is where AI by Design comes in. 语法分析 （1）主干结构：We need to take action, and this is where...（并列句 + 表语从句） （2）修饰成分： “Given the astonishing potential...” 为过去分词短语作原因状语，表被动（“被赋予” 潜力）； “where AI by Design comes in” 为表语从句，where 在句中充当地点状语，体现书籍的针对性； 2. 比较状语从句 + 定语从句 + 动名词作宾语 In the wrong hands, the book could prove as complicated as AI code that powers AI, but Campbell translates the heady into the understandable through two decades’ experience. 语法分析 （1）主干结构：The book could prove complicated, but Campbell translates...（转折并列句） （2）复杂修饰： “as complicated as AI code” 为比较状语从句，体现程度类比； “that powers AI” 为定语从句，修饰 code； “translating the heady into the understandable” 为动名词短语作宾语，其中 “the heady” 指 “晦涩的内容”（定冠词 + 形容词表名词）； 3. 应用文好句积累与背诵（适用于科技题材） “It is essential that we keep control of AI, or risk being sidelined”—this warning reminds us that technology must serve humanity, not replace it. “我们必须掌控人工智能，否则有被边缘化的风险”—— 这一警示提醒我们：技术须服务人类，而非取代人类。 用于“AI 与人类”主题，如：“As Campbell warns, losing control of AI risks sidelining humanity. We must establish ethical guidelines, just as the book suggests.”（“如坎贝尔警示，失去对 AI 的控制有边缘化人类的风险。我们必须如书中建议，建立伦理准则”）； 结尾段强化观点：“Let’s remember：AI is a tool, not a master. Controlling it is not just essential—it’s our responsibility.” 3. 应用文与读后续写好句积累与背诵（结尾类） “Structured thinking followed by global regulation will enable greatness rather than downfall”—this principle applies to any challenge, from AI to climate change. “结构化思考辅以全球监管将成就伟大而非衰落”—— 这一原则适用于从人工智能到气候变化的任何挑战。 写 “AI 发展建议信” 时引用：“Implementing the book’s idea—structured planning and global rules—will guide AI safely, avoiding downfall.”（“落实书中理念 ——结构化规划与全球规则—— 将安全引导 AI 发展，避免衰落”）； 读后续写，用于主角解决问题的结尾：“With structured steps and shared efforts, they turned the AI crisis into an opportunity, proving that regulation breeds greatness, not downfall.” 语法句仿写可采用 “Given...+ 主句 + 表语从句” 或 “as...as + 定语从句” 结构，注意分词状语的逻辑主语需与主句一致； 第四次阅读：短文填词，检验语法情况 Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is 1. ___________ AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This 2. ___________ (absorb) new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as 3. ___________ (complicate) to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into 4. ___________ understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, 5. ___________ (make) for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is 6. ___________ Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk 7. ___________ (sideline) and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI — the technology companies and world leaders — so they are on the same page as all the experts 8. ___________ (current) developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan 9. ___________. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, 10. ___________ (enable) us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 相同主题重现 体会主题奥秘 1. 2025年浙江Z20联盟模拟 The brain is protected by shock-absorbing fluid and, outside that, the skull. In a concussion (脑震荡), the brain bounces around in the skull, accelerating, decelerating or revolving. This creates a series of impacts. The neurons (神经元) in the brain are disturbed, and between those neurons, the axons - thin fibers that transmit electrical impulses–stretch or break. Inside the brain, it’s like an earthquake that has happened. Everything is still standing, but there are cracks in the roads and in building foundations. This extremely small damage has big consequences. But decades ago, the public had a “walk it off” attitude towards concussions. That’s changed, thanks in part to an increased awareness about the long-term effects. The 2015 film “Concussion” tells the true story of Dr Bennet Omalu, a forensic pathologist studying chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a brain disorder caused by repeated head injuries. Until recently, the dark-room treatment was the standard prescribed by most doctors, involving patients resting in darkness and without any mental stimulation, until their symptoms eased off. This suggestion came out of studies in the 1990s and early 2000s that found when athletes with concussions continued with high levels of activity, they recovered more slowly than those who rested. But people who spend more time in a dark room-sometimes called “cocooning”-are also more likely to experience anxiety, depression and sleep problems. Their bodies get weaker due to underuse, as well. “Science and research have evolved over the past decade, showing that when you stop doing activity altogether, that actually affects your recovery process,”says Babul, a sports-injury specialist. The active-rest approach to concussion recovery promotes a slow increase in activity, starting with a day or two of light daily movement, and gradually adding activity, building to a full return to normal, unrestricted activity. “People who follow the right guidance and management tend to recover uneventfully, and those who don’t and continue to do their activities continue to tax their brain and are likely to have long-term, persisting symptoms,” Babul says. “The key is to recognize it immediately and know what to do.” 1. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The workings of concussion. B．The causes of concussion. C．The symptoms of concussion. D．The effects of concussion. 2. What leads to people’s weaker bodies in the dark-room treatment? A．The dark environment. B．Their physical pain. C．Their insufficient activity. D．Their mental disorder. 3. Which practice is advised to help with concussion, according to the passage? A．Setting a progressive fitness plan first. B．Doing heavy housework daily. C．Playing competitive sports regularly. D．Lying in bed for the whole day. 4. What is the best title of the text? A．From Inaction to Action: Concussion Shocks. B．From Darkness to Light: Concussion Recovery. C．From Outside to Inside: Concussion Treatment. D．From Nothing to Something: Concussion Study. 2. 2025年广东揭阳模拟 The concept of a day, defined by Earth’s rotation (自转), has been the basis for timekeeping since ancient times. However, the speed of Earth’s rotation is not always the same. It slows down due to the drag of tides, leading to the addition of “leap seconds” (闰秒) to atomic time (原子时间) to maintain synchronization, keeping atomic time matching the Earth’s rotation. In this way, our clocks match how long it takes for the Earth to make one full turn. Since 1972, we have added leap seconds 27 times. Yet, recent changes in Earth’s rotation have brought about a debate on whether we should continue this practice. In the past, Earth’s rotation was slowing, but since the 1990s, it has been speeding up, potentially requiring the removal of a leap second. This complete change has led to questions about the necessity of leap seconds, as they cause interruptions in computer and telecom operations. For instance, the addition of a leap second in 2012 caused Reddit to crash and some airline companies to experience flight delays. The debate raises the question: does it matter if there’s a noticeable difference between Earth’s rotational day and atomic time? In a digitized world, the exact length of the day might seem less important. However, some argue that maintaining the traditional day is important for various reasons, including scientific and cultural significance. The decision to continue or abandon leap seconds is complex. Some propose waiting a century before making a significant adjustment. But others suggest stopping leap-second adjustments by 2035, as voted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 2022. This would mean less frequent adjustments, allowing for better preparation. Ultimately, the decision on leap seconds reflects our relationship with time and the importance we place on consistency. As physicist Elizabeth says, “Time is the most important unit in the international system of units; a lot of other standards depend on it.” Whether we choose to keep leap seconds or adopt a new system, the goal is to ensure the reliability and stability of timekeeping in our increasingly interconnected world. 1. What is the most likely meaning of “synchronization” in Para.1? A．Separating from others. B．Keeping the same pace. C．Predicting time patterns. D．Making something confusing. 2. Why are Reddit and some airline companies mentioned in Para.2? A．They were trapped in computer interruptions. B．They prove the big change on Earth’s rotation. C．They suffered great damages from flight delays. D．They are examples of the impact by a leap second. 3. What is the purpose of adjusting leap seconds? A．To slow down Earth’s rotation. B．To prevent great chaos in the world. C．To protect other standards relying on time. D．To keep time measuring dependable and consistent. 4. What may be the author’s opinion on adjusting leap seconds? A．Favourable. B．Neutral. C．Subjective. D．Indifferent. 3. 2025年湖北武汉模拟 In a grassland in Cambridge, Ont., a low hum fills the air. It’s a warm spring day and eastern bumblebee (大黄蜂) queens are busy with pollination (授粉). But take a closer look and you’ll notice some of them are wearing...backpacks? These backpacks are actually a tool used by post-doctoral fellow Amanda Liczner of the University of Guelph to learn more about the bees’ movement, behaviour and habitat choices. Instead of GPS collars normally used for tracking larger species, Liczner’s team attached tiny trackers to the queens’ backs. Once attached, these tiny trackers transmit radio signals to a collection of 44 radio towers which process the signals to record precise whereabouts. Liczner can then download the data from the towers to figure out how the bees are spending their time. While we do know bumblebees need flowers, as Liczner will tell you, there’s a lot we still don’t know about bumblebees, especially about how pesticides (杀虫剂) affect bees’ movement. This lack of information, says Liczner, makes it tricky to provide specific conservation recommendations. So far, the team has made some interesting discoveries. In experiments focused on how different pesticides affect bee movement, the scientists learned that while using newer classes of pesticides may not kill bumblebees, “we have found that they’re flying in significantly odd ways,” says Liczner. For example, pesticide-treated late-season queens, which would usually be resting and building up energy reserves for the winter, were moving “all over the place,” potentially burning up the fat stores they need to survive the winter. What’s more, 30% of flights are at night. That “blows everyone’s mind,” says Liczner. “And it’s at all times of night!” This is important and potentially perturbing information, she says, because some regulations allow farmers to use pesticides between dusk and dawn, when bees were previously thought to be inactive. This late summer, Liczner and her team were able to follow the backpacked queens to the spots where they dug into the ground to spend the winter. When the queens emerge, unfolding their wings in the spring sunshine, Liczner hopes to be there to learn more from this understudied species. 1. What is the function of “backpacks” on bumblebee queens? A．To film bees’ habitats. B．To reveal bees’ locations. C．To attach GPS collars to bees. D．To receive signals from towers. 2. How do pesticides impact bumblebees? A．They disrupt bees’ flight patterns. B．They decrease bees’ night activity. C．They confuse bees’ perception of seasons. D．They limit bees’ energy storage for winter. 3. What does the underlined word “perturbing” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Confusing. B．Exciting. C．Alarming. D．Comforting. 4. What might Liczner’s study help in the future? A．Develop effective pesticides. B．Discover unexplored species. C．Promote agricultural policies. D．Conduct tailored preservation. 4. 2025年湖北武汉模拟 A corn plant knows how to find water in soil with the very tips of its roots, but some varieties, including many used for developing high-output corn in the U.S., appear to have lost part of that ability, according to a Stanford-led study. With climate change increasing droughts, the findings hold potential for developing more drought-resistant varieties of corn. The study, published in the journal Science, uncovers genetic mechanisms (遗传机制) behind “hydropatterning”, or how plant roots branch toward water and avoid dry spaces in soil. In particular, the researchers discovered that ethylene, a plant hormone (激素) known to help bananas ripen, also influences how roots grow to seek water. For this study, the researchers developed a new, simplified way to study water sensitivity in roots. They found corn varieties adapted to hot and wet regions like Mexico were very good at making new root branches toward water and avoiding dry areas. In contrast, the varieties adapted to moderate regions of North America frequently grew roots randomly without distinguishing between dry and wet areas in the soil. “Interestingly, the plants that are better at sensing where the water is are also making deeper root systems,” said lead author Johannes Scharwies. “One idea is that if the plant doesn’t waste time growing root branches into places where it doesn’t find any water and nutrients, then it has more energy to grow deeper down where water is more likely.” Genetic analyses reveal two plant hormones, auxin and ethylene, play a role in how corn roots respond to water. While auxin was already known to help control this process, ethylene’s involvement was a new discovery. In experiments with thale cress — a model plant often used in research — the researchers found auxin signaling promotes root branch development toward water, while ethylene stops branching when the root is exposed to air. Further research is needed to better understand the interaction of these genetic pathways before corn varieties can be developed with more drought-resistant root systems, but the findings highlight the significance of studying these localized responses at root tips, researchers said. 1. What is the primary focus of the Stanford-led study? A．Drought-resistant corn varieties. B．Ethylene’s effect on fruit ripening. C．Genetic regulation of root branching. D．Impact of climate change on plant roots. 2. What can be inferred from Johannes Scharwies’ remarks? A．Plant hormones make a big difference to root growth. B．Nutrients guarantee better water-seeking root systems. C．Root branching conserves energy for higher production. D．Stronger hydropatterning was linked to greater root depth. 3. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Model plants in research. B．Hormones’ role in root growth. C．Genetic analysis methods. D．Findings of previous research. 4. What does the last paragraph suggest future research do? A．Prioritize development of new corn varieties. B．Work out the mechanisms of genetic interactions. C．Concentrate merely on localized root responses. D．Expand practical applications of hydropatterning. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$