Unit 1 Section F 人与社会之科学与技术 相关题型训练-训练1 -2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

2025-2026学年度高三英语总复习系列题型专项复习 「Unit 1 阅读理解题型训练」 「Section F 人与社会之科学与技术 相关题型训练-训练1」 经典题目精读 把握最佳练习 第一次阅读：完成题目，按照考试节奏 2024年全国甲卷 英语高考真题 Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you’re able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 1. What can be learned about cats’ meowing from the first paragraph? A．It’s a survival skill. B．It’s taught by mother cats. C．It’s hard to interpret. D．It’s getting louder with age. 2. How does a pet cat assess different situations? A．By listening for sounds. B．By touching familiar objects. C．By checking on smells. D．By communicating with other cats. 3. Which best explains the phrase "take... up notch" in paragraph 3? A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster. C．Act strangely. D．Do better. 4. What is a suitable title for the text? A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B．Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior C．Have Fun with Your Cat D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 第二次阅读：识记单词，掌握英语基础 1. distinct adj. 独特的 例句：Almost all animals have distinct vocals that they rely on. 翻译：几乎所有动物都有它们依赖的独特声音。 2. vocalization n. 发声 例句：Cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. 翻译：猫是拥有惊人发声技巧的特殊生物。 3. interpret v. 解读 例句：They are able to have conversations with humans using meows and you can interpret it. 翻译：它们能用喵叫与人类交流，而你可以解读这些声音。 4. affection n. 喜爱 例句：When a cat is looking for affection, they produce stretched and soft meows. 翻译：当猫寻求喜爱时，它们会发出拖长而轻柔的喵叫。 5. heightened adj. 增强的 例句：Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is impressive. 翻译：猫有许多增强的感官，但它们的嗅觉尤为惊人。 6. assess v. 评估 例句：They use their noses to assess their environment and look for danger. 翻译：它们用鼻子评估环境并留意危险迹象。 7. distinguish v. 区分 例句：Cats distinguish between situations by looking for familiar smells. 翻译：猫通过寻找熟悉的气味来区分不同情境。 8. familiar adj. 熟悉的 例句：Another way cats distinguish is by seeking familiar smells. 翻译：猫进行区分的另一种方式是寻找熟悉的气味。 9. impressively adv. 令人印象深刻地 例句：Cats' sense of smell is quite impressively developed. 翻译：猫的嗅觉发展得相当令人印象深刻。 10. predator n. 食肉动物 例句：This is an old habit present in all kinds of predators. 翻译：这是存在于各类食肉动物中的古老习性。 11. fetching n. 取物行为 例句：Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit. 翻译：狗以其令人印象深刻的取物习性闻名。 12. notch n. 等级 例句：Cats take this behavior up a notch by bringing objects to owners. 翻译：猫通过给主人带物品将这种行为提升了一个等级。 13. random adj. 随意的 例句：Many cats find random objects outside and bring them to owners. 翻译：许多猫会在外面找到随意的物品并带给主人。 14. adore v. 喜爱 例句：These adorable hunters show love by bringing gifts. 翻译：这些可爱的猎手通过带礼物来表达喜爱。 15. nature n. 天性 例句：Bringing gifts is in their nature since the beginning of time. 翻译：带礼物从一开始就是它们的天性。 第三次阅读：精读文章，寻觅佳句好句 1. 定语从句 + 目的状语从句 Almost all animals have distinct vocals that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away dangerous animals or look for shelter. 语法分析 （1）主干结构：Animals have distinct vocals. （2）修饰成分： “that they rely on” 为定语从句，修饰 vocals，关系代词 that 在从句中作宾语（rely on that）； “to either ask...or look...” 为不定式短语作目的状语，通过 either...or... 连接三个并列动词（ask, scare, look），体现动作目的性。 2. 时间状语从句 + 并列谓语 Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life, and it uses meows to get the mother’s attention and be fed. 语法分析 （1）主干结构：Meowing starts, and it uses meows.（并列句） （2）复杂修饰： “as soon as a baby cat is brought to life” 为时间状语从句，强调动作的即时性； 第二个分句中 “to get...and be fed” 为不定式短语作目的状语，“be fed” 使用被动语态，体现小猫的受动状态。 3. 应用文好句积累与背诵（适用于动物题材） When a cat is looking for affection, it produces stretched and soft meows—a language humans can learn to interpret. 当猫寻求喜爱时，会发出拖长而轻柔的喵叫 —— 一种人类可以学会解读的语言。 用于描写人与动物互动的情节，如：“When the stray cat looked for affection, it rubbed against my leg—a gesture I’d learned to interpret as trust.”（“当流浪猫寻求关爱时，它蹭着我的腿 —— 我已学会将这一动作解读为信任。”）； 3. 读后续写好句积累与背诵（适用于人与动物题材） “Bringing random objects to owners is in a cat’s nature”—this instinct, rooted in predatory behavior, shows how animals express love differently. “给主人带随意物品是猫的天性”—— 这种源于捕食行为的本能，展示了动物如何以不同方式表达爱。 用于描写人与动物互动的情节，“As the article notes, a cat bringing gifts is not random but instinctive. We should appreciate these unique expressions of affection.”（“正如文章所述，猫带礼物并非随意而是本能。我们应欣赏这些独特的情感表达。”）； 语法句仿写建议采用 “1 个从句 + 1 个非谓语结构”（如 “that they rely on to...”）； 第四次阅读：短文填词，检验语法情况 Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals 1. ___________ look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess 2. ___________ (amaze) vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you’re able to interpret 3. ___________ . If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat 4. ___________ affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought 5. ___________ life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. Cats have many 6. ___________ (height) senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it 7. ___________ (recognize) you in the future. That’s 8. ___________ most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, 9. ___________ cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along 10. ___________ it! 相同主题重现 体会主题奥秘 1. 2025年河北石家庄模拟 King Shahryar, betrayed (背叛) by his wife, decides to marry a new woman each night and have her killed by morning to ensure he is never betrayed again. Scheherazade volunteers to marry the king. Each evening, she begins an engaging story but stops at dawn, leaving him eager for more. Night after night, she keeps him attracted with new tales, and over 1,001 nights, the king falls in love with her and abandons his cruel ways. This ancient tale from One Thousand and One Nights highlights storytelling’s impact. Our recent research shows that strong storytelling skills can dramatically improve someone’s well-being. At its core, storytelling helps people find meaning from life’s chaos. Studies show we shape our identities by turning experiences into personal stories. Skilled storytellers excel at two key skills: they need to connect events logically and they must learn to see the world through the eyes of their characters, understanding the “why” of what drives people. Applying these two skills to their own lives, skillful storytellers use the first to identify and pursue what gives their life meaning, while the second develops a mindset that prioritizes the “why” behind their actions over just the “how”. To illustrate this point, we conducted studies with 800 participants. We measured storytelling ability through self-reports, friend evaluations and expert reviews on lab experiments where each participant told one story about himself and the other with three given random words. In addition to these assessments of storytelling skills, we asked participants questions to get a sense of how meaningful they found life and whether they approached decisions with a “why” mindset rather than a “how” mindset. Results consistently linked storytelling skills to stronger life meaning and goal clarity. Personality also mattered: people open to new experiences collected more interesting life stories, while shy people used storytelling to balance out their limited social interaction. A strong “why” mindset connects with reduced stress and extended life. Storytelling also builds social connections. By helping people express their purpose and build relationships, stories may indirectly strengthen both mental and physical health. Storytelling workshops, now popular globally, may do more than teach communication they could help participants redefine their life’s direction. 1. Why does the author mention Scheherazade’s stories in the first paragraph? A．To show Scheherazade’s cleverness. B．To entertain readers with a classic tale. C．To introduce the topic of storytelling. D．To compare ancient and modern stories. 2. What does the “why” mindset primarily focus on? A．Completing daily tasks efficiently. B．Avoiding stressful situations. C．Memorizing random life events. D．Understanding life’s purpose. 3. What were participants asked to do in the lab experiment? A．Share personal interests in a group. B．Tell a story with words provided. C．Reflect on the “why” behind their actions. D．Connect events into a meaningful story. 4. Which can be the best title for the text? A．Scheherazade’s Survival in an Ancient Tale B．How People’s Storytelling Abilities Develop C．Living a Meaningful Life through Storytelling D．Why Shy People Attend Storytelling Workshops 2. 2025年浙江星云联盟模拟 The debate about spanking（打屁股）children has been ongoing for many years, but a crucial question often gets overlooked: does it actually work? In the immediate moment, a swift slap on the buttocks or hand can correct misbehavior. However, what about its long-term effects? Could spanking leave invisible, lasting scars on children? At a recent conference, sociologist Murray Straus from the University of New Hampshire presented research suggesting that physical punishment lowers IQ. He has been studying this topic since 1969 and found that children who were physically punished scored up to five points lower on IQ tests compared to those who weren’t. The more they were spanked, the lower their IQ. This effect was observed not only in individual children but across entire countries. Among 32 countries Straus studied, in those where spanking was accepted, the average IQ of the survey population was lower than in nations where spanking was rare, the researcher says. In the United States, Straus and his colleague Mallie Paschall studied 1,510 children and found that three- quarters had experienced some form of physical punishment in the past two weeks. Researchers measured the children’s IQ initially and again four years later. Those who hadn’t been spanked scored significantly better on intelligence and achievement tests. Among the 2-to-4-year-olds, the difference in IQ was five points; among the older kids, there was a 2.8-point gap. This association remained even after considering factors like parental education and occupation. Still, it’s not clear if spanking causes lower cognitive ability or if lower cognitive ability might somehow lead to more spanking. “It could be that lower IQ causes parents to get annoyed and hit more,” Straus says, although he notes that a recent Duke University study of low-income families found that toddlers’ low mental ability did not predict an increase in spanking. The study did find, however, that kids who were spanked at age 1 displayed more aggressive behavior by age 2, and scored lower on cognitive development tests by age 3. “Yes, there’s still something to be done.” says Straus, “The problem is, when the parent does that, it seems to have harmful results to cognitive ability in the long term.” While spanking may seem like the only way to discipline some children in the short term, the long-term cost could be more trouble. The harmful effects of spanking on cognitive ability are concerning. “Yes, there’s still something to be done,” says Straus. “The problem is, when parents do it, it seems to have disastrous effects on cognitive ability over time.” 1. What are the findings of Straus’ study? A．The countries with rare spanking have higher average IQ. B．Children’s IQ is closely related to parental education and occupation. C．Older children have a lot higher scores in intelligence tests. D．The more physical punishment the children get, the higher IQ they have. 2. What can learn from Duke University’s study? A．Cognitive ability has a direct relationship with the times of spanking. B．Spanked kids are likely to be aggressive and have lower cognitive ability. C．Low-income families tend to spank children more frequently. D．Parents like spanking children with lower IQ and cognitive ability. 3. Which of the following can best describe the writer’s attitude to spanking? A．Disapproving. B．Unclear. C．Objective D．Favorable. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A．A research on whether spanking has a good effect. B．A debate over spanking’s long-term impact. C．A relationship between children’s IQ and spanking. D．A fact that spanking works in the short run. 3. 2025年山东聊城模拟 If you enjoy goofing around and annoying your loved ones, you’re not alone: Four kinds of great apes have been found to engage in playful teasing. Great apes are a family of primates (灵长目动物) that are very closely related to humans, so this discovery could shed light on how a sense of humor and playfulness emerged in people. The new study focused on chimpanzees, bonobos, western and eastern gorillas, and Sumatran orangutans. These apes were “excellent candidates” for this study because they “engage in social play, show laughter, and display relatively sophisticated understandings of others’ expectations,” said Isabelle Laumer, the study’s lead author. The researchers watched videos of 34 apes living in zoos. They looked for examples of teasing behavior, defined as an ape (the “teaser”) trying to provoke a response in another specific individual (the “target”). In 75 hours of video, they found 142 examples of playful teasing. All four kinds of apes engaged in the behavior. Examples included poking another ape, pulling on their hair, or waving in the middle of their field of vision. If there was no response to the action, the teaser would keep trying to provoke the target into responding. The animals typically engaged in the behaviors when they were calm and relaxed, indicating that their actions were not meant to be aggressive. In most cases, a juvenile ape was teasing an older adult, which is similar to the way human children tease others. Discovering teasing in great apes suggests that the basic foundations in the brain for this behavior first appeared in an ancestor common to humans and these great apes at least 13 million years ago. Laumer hopes this study will inspire further research into playful teasing in animals, which could lead to a better understanding of where this behavior comes from. “We also hope that this study raises awareness of the similarities we share with our closest relatives and the importance of protecting these endangered animals,” she said. 1. Why were the four kinds of apes chosen as excellent candidates? A．They are better than other apes. B．They are very intelligent. C．They have a sense of playfulness. D．They are closely related to humans. 2. What can we learn about the apes in the study? A．Young apes always teased the elders. B．Their teasing meant no harm to others. C．The teaser stopped teasing if the target didn’t respond. D．Their behavior often involved unexpected actions. 3. How did Laumer probably find the study? A．Helpful. B．Regretful. C．Fruitless. D．Ground-breaking. 4. What’s a suitable title for the text? A．Apes Share Similar Social Behavior with Human Children. B．Exploring Apes’ Sense of Humor Helps the Study of Brain. C．Understanding Apes’ Teasing Aids in Their Conservation. D．Apes’ Teasing Offers Insights into the Roots of Human Playfulness. 4. 2025年山东德州模拟 A garden constructed with “humble” clay fashioned into 3D - printed bricks has claimed the first green medal at the Chelsea Flower Show for being the most environmentally sustainable design. The Chelsea Flower Show, a celebrated global event held annually at Chelsea, London, has been a foundation of the gardening calendar since 1913. It began as a way to show the latest trends in gardening and plant varieties. The Environmental Innovation Award is the first of its sort and goes along with the gold, silver and bronze medals awarded to the most attractive and interesting gardens. Giulio Giorgi, a first-time Chelsea designer, stated he created the green-medal-winning garden with no concrete. Most gardens contain concrete in some form and the materials they are built from often generate the highest carbon footprint. While the employment of pollinator - friendly plants, wild areas and sensible use of water are well - known easy ways to make a garden more sustainable, Giorgi said it was crucial to focus on the building materials as their carbon footprint was often overlooked. “We typically use a lot of metal, cement (水泥) and then all the energy we have to put in to build the gardens. The material in our garden is low-temperature-fired clay, a resource that can be found pretty much everywhere. We made this clay into 3D-printed bricks, connecting ancient tradition with novel practices so carbon emissions are the lowest possible, if any. The bricks keep water like a sponge and release it when drought strikes plants,” said Giorgi. Judges considered end-of-life plans for the gardens and whether materials could be reused. The 3D-printed nature of Giorgi’s garden means it can easily be taken apart and put together again. As a result, when it is relocated to RHS Garden Wisley, where it will live on after the show as an educational facility, the carbon emissions will be low as no materials will be wasted. 1. What do we know about the Chelsea Flower Show? A．It values sustainability and appeal. B．It aimed to encourage outdoor fitness. C．It prohibits concrete in competing gardens. D．It has a tradition of advocating for greenness. 2. What advantage does clay have over other building materials according to Giorgi? A．It catches fire less easily. B．It’s more durable and absorbent. C．It takes less labor to produce. D．It’s eco - friendly and more available. 3. What will become of Giorgi’s garden after the show? A．It’ll be sold publicly. B．It’ll serve as an urban landmark. C．It’ll be turned into a school. D．It’ll come into play in another spot. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A．Clay Bricks: Recyclable Building Material B．Chelsea Flower Show: Celebration of Gardening C．Garden with Clay Bricks: Winner of Green Medal D．Giulio Giorgi: Designer Enthusiastic about High - Tech 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年度高三英语总复习系列题型专项复习 「Unit 1 阅读理解题型训练」 「Section F 人与社会之科学与技术 相关题型训练-训练1」 答 案 经典题目精读 把握最佳练习 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。 1. A 题型：细节理解题 根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.For instance,almost all animals have distinct vocals(声音)that they rely on to either ask for help,scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.(动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和"Meowing starts assoon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.(猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。 2. C 题型：细节理解题 根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses,but their sense of smell is quite impressive.They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.(猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。 3. D 题型：词句猜测题 根据第三段划线词前半句"Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,(狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句"Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.(许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take.…up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。 4. B 题型：主旨大意题 根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.(动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。 全文翻译： 动物能用多种方式表达需求：几乎所有物种都有独特的发声系统，用于求助、威慑天敌或寻找庇护。但猫科动物堪称特例——它们掌握着惊人的发声技巧，甚至能通过喵叫与人类“对话”并让我们解读其意：饿肚子时，宠物猫会持续喵叫吸引注意；寻求爱抚时，则发出拖长而轻柔的叫声。事实上，幼猫从出生起就通过喵叫引起母猫注意以获得喂养。 猫科动物的感官高度敏锐，尤其是嗅觉能力：它们用鼻子评估环境、嗅探危险信号，甚至会在选择休息地前反复嗅探特定区域。此外，猫还能通过辨识熟悉气味判断情境——它会嗅闻主人的脸庞并储存气味记忆，以此在未来辨认主人。这就是为何多数宠物猫能立刻察觉主人接触过其他猫——而它们通常对此颇为介意。 狗以出色的衔取习性闻名，但猫将这种行为提升到新维度：许多猫会在户外捡拾随机物品带给主人。这种古老习性存在于所有食肉动物中——猫给主人“带礼物”实则是表达爱意的方式。这些可爱的小猎手只是在践行刻入基因的本能，所以不妨欣然接受这份心意吧！ 第四次阅读：短文填词，检验语法情况 1. or 考查连词。句意：例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。根据句意，“scare away any dangerous animals”和"look for shelter”为并列关系，表选择，用or连接。故填or。 2. amazing 考查形容词。句意：但猫是一种特殊的生物，它们拥有惊人的发声技能。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，修饰物，用-ing形式。故填amazing。 3. it 考查代词。句意：它们可以用喵喵的声音和人类进行完整的对话，你也可以理解。空前是动词，所以空处应填名词或者代词作宾语，根据句意，应填it代指前文的meows。故填it。 4. is looking for 考查动词时态。句意 然而，当猫咪寻求关爱时，它们往往会发出绵长而柔和的喵喵声。本句缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，根据句意，应是look for意为“寻找”符合语境，根据when可知，描述正在发生的事，用现在进行时，主语为第三人称单数。故填is looking for. 5. to 考查介词。句意：猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意，让妈妈给它喂食。此处是固定搭配：be brought to意为“被带到”。故填to。 6. heightened 考查形容词。句意：猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，此处是固定搭配：heightened senses意为“敏锐感觉”。故填heightened。 7. to recognize 考查非谓语动词。句意：你的猫可能会闻到你的脸，并将气味储存在它的记忆中，并在未来利用它来识别你。此处是固定搭配：use sth.to do sth.意为“用某物做某事”。故填to recognize。 8. why 考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么大多数宠物猫都能立即分辨出它们的主人是否在其他猫周围，而它们通常不喜欢这样。空处引导表语从句，从句结构完整，用连接副词引导，根据句意，表达“为什么”之意，用why引导。故填why。 9. but 考查连词。句意：狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名，但猫将这种行为提升了一个档次。根据句意，前后文是转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 10. with 考查介词。句意：所以就顺其自然吧!此处是固定搭配：go along with意为“顺从”。故填with。 相同主题重现 体会主题奥秘 第1篇 这篇文章是一篇说明文。主要探讨了讲故事能力对个人幸福感和生活意义的积极影响，并结合研究数据分析了其背后的心理学机制。 1. C 题型：推理判断题 根据第二段“This ancient tale from One Thousand and One Nights highlights storytelling’s impact. Our recent research shows that strong storytelling skills can dramatically improve someone’s well-being. (这个出自《一千零一夜》的古老故事彰显了讲故事的影响力。我们最新的研究表明，出色的讲故事能力能显著提升一个人的幸福感。)”可知，作者引用舍赫拉查德（Scheherazade）的故事是为了引出“讲故事”这一主题，后文内容均围绕讲故事的作用展开。故选C项。 2. D 题型：细节理解题 根据第三段最后一句“Applying these two skills to their own lives, skillful storytellers use the first to identify and pursue what gives their life meaning, while the second develops a mindset that prioritizes the “why” behind their actions over just the “how”. (将这两种技能运用到生活中时，娴熟的讲故事者会运用第一种技能来发现并追寻生命的意义，而第二种技能则能培养一种思维方式——这种思维更关注行为背后的“为什么”，而不仅仅是“怎么做”。)”可知，“为什么思维”关注的是做某行为背后的目的和意义是什么。故选D项。 3. B 题型：细节理解题 根据第四段第二句“We measured storytelling ability through self-reports, friend evaluations and expert reviews on lab experiments where each participant told one story about himself and the other with three given random words. (我们通过三种方式评估参与者的叙事能力：自我报告、朋友评价，以及在实验室实验中的专家评审——实验中每位参与者需要讲述两个故事：一个是关于自己的亲身经历，另一个则需运用三个随机提供的词语进行即兴创作。)”可知，实验要求参与者用给定词语编故事。故选B项。 4. C 题型：主旨大意题 全文以舍赫拉查德（Scheherazade）的故事开篇，重点讨论讲故事如何帮助人们找到生活意义（第三段）、研究结果（第四至六段）及其对心理健康的益处（第七段）。“通过讲故事过上有意义的生活”能概括全文核心，适合用作标题。故选C项。 全文翻译： 山鲁亚尔国王因遭妻子背叛，决定每晚娶一位新娘并于黎明将其处死，以确保不再被背叛。谢赫拉扎德自愿嫁与国王，每晚讲述引人入胜的故事，却总在黎明停在高潮处，让国王渴望听下去。夜复一夜，她用新故事牵引着国王，在一千零一夜后，国王爱上了她并放弃了残酷行径。 这个源自《一千零一夜》的古老传说，道尽了叙事的力量。我们近期的研究表明，出色的叙事能力能显著提升人的幸福感。 叙事的核心在于帮助人们从生活的混沌中寻得意义。研究显示，我们通过将经历编织成个人故事来塑造身份认同。擅长叙事者需掌握两项关键技能：逻辑串联事件的能力，以及通过角色视角看世界、理解行为“动因”的能力。将这两项技能应用于自身生活时，叙事高手会用前者识别并追寻生命意义，用后者形成“为何做”先于“如何做”的思维模式。 为验证这一点，我们对800名参与者展开研究：通过自我报告、朋友评价及实验室内的专家评审来衡量叙事能力——每位参与者需讲述一个个人故事，并用三个随机词语创作另一个故事。除评估叙事技巧外，我们还通过问卷了解他们对生命意义的感知，以及做决策时更倾向“动因思维”还是“方法思维”。 结果始终表明：叙事能力与更强的生命意义感、目标清晰度相关。人格特质也发挥作用：开放型人格者能积累更有趣的生活故事，而内向者则借助叙事平衡有限的社交体验。 强烈的“动因思维”与压力减轻、寿命延长相关。叙事还能构建社会联结——通过帮助人们表达人生目标、建立关系，故事可能间接强化身心健康。如今全球流行的叙事工作坊，或许不仅在传授沟通技巧，更在帮助参与者重新定义生命方向。 第2篇 本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“打屁股对孩子是否有长期负面影响”这一主题展开讨论，通过引用社会学家的研究数据和结论来支持论点，即体罚可能对孩子的认知能力产生长期的负面影响。 1. A 题型：细节理解题 根据文章第二段“Among 32 countries Straus studied, in those where spanking was accepted, the average IQ of the survey population was lower than in nations where spanking was rare, the researcher says.(施特劳斯表示，在他所研究的32个国家中，那些认可打屁股这种教育方式的国家，其受调查人群的平均智商要低于那些很少进行打屁股教育的国家。)”可知，那些认可打屁股这种教育方式的国家，其受调查人群的平均智商要低于那些很少进行打屁股教育的国家。故选A。 2. B 题型：细节理解题 根据文章第四段“The study did find, however, that kids who were spanked at age 1 displayed more aggressive behavior by age 2, and scored lower on cognitive development tests by age 3.(然而，这项研究确实发现，1 岁时被打过屁股的孩子到了 2 岁时会表现出更多的攻击性行为，到了 3 岁时在认知发展测试中的得分也更低。)”可知，杜克大学的研究发现，1 岁时被打过屁股的孩子到了2岁时会表现出更多的攻击性行为，到了3岁时在认知发展测试中的得分也更低。故选B。 3. A 题型：推理判断题 根据文章最后一段“While spanking may seem like the only way to discipline some children in the short term, the long-term cost could be more trouble. The harmful effects of spanking on cognitive ability are concerning.(虽然在短期内，打屁股可能看起来是管教某些孩子的唯一办法，但从长远来看，其代价可能会带来更多麻烦。打屁股对认知能力产生的有害影响令人担忧。)”以及全文内容可知，作者是不认可打屁股这种行为的，持反对态度。故选A。 4. C 题型：主旨大意题 根据文章第二段“At a recent conference, sociologist Murray Straus from the University of New Hampshire presented research suggesting that physical punishment lowers IQ.(在最近的一次会议上，来自新罕布什尔大学的社会学家默里・施特劳斯展示了一项研究成果，该研究表明体罚会降低孩子的智商。)”以及全文内容可知，文章探讨了打屁股与孩子智商之间的关联。故选C。 全文翻译： 关于“打屁股”管教儿童的争议已持续多年，但一个关键问题常被忽视：这真的有效吗？短期内，快速拍打屁股或手心或许能纠正不当行为，但其长期影响呢？打屁股是否会给孩子留下无形却持久的创伤？ 在最近的一场会议上，新罕布什尔大学社会学家默里・施特劳斯（Murray Straus）展示的研究表明，体罚会降低儿童智商。他从1969年开始研究该主题，发现遭受体罚的儿童在智商测试中得分比未受罚者低5分，且受罚越频繁，智商越低。这种影响不仅体现在个体儿童中，更存在于国家层面：在施特劳斯研究的32个国家里，接受体罚的国家调查人群平均智商，显著低于体罚罕见的国家。 在美国，施特劳斯与同事马利・帕斯查尔（Mallie Paschall）对1510名儿童展开研究，发现四分之三的孩子在过去两周内经历过某种形式的体罚。研究人员首次测量儿童智商后，四年后再次评估，发现未受罚者在智力和成就测试中得分显著更高：2至4岁儿童的智商差距为5分，年龄较大的孩子差距为2.8分。即便考虑父母教育程度和职业等因素，这种关联依然存在。 不过，目前尚不清楚是打屁股导致认知能力下降，还是低认知能力导致更多体罚。“可能是低智商让父母更易恼怒而频繁动手，”施特劳斯说，但他补充道，杜克大学近期对低收入家庭的研究发现，学步儿童的低心智能力并未预示体罚增加。该研究却证实，1岁时被打屁股的孩子，2岁时攻击性行为更多，3岁时认知发展测试得分更低。“显然，这一问题仍需深入研究，”施特劳斯指出，“关键在于，父母的这种行为似乎会对孩子的认知能力产生长期危害。” 尽管打屁股在短期内看似是管教孩子的唯一手段，但其长期代价可能更为沉重。体罚对认知能力的损害令人担忧。“是的，我们还有很多工作要做，”施特劳斯强调，“问题在于，父母一旦选择体罚，久而久之可能对孩子的认知能力造成灾难性影响。” 第3篇 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个关于猿类喜欢捉弄开玩笑的研究，其目的是为了揭示人类是如何产生幽默感和爱玩性的。 1. C 题型：细节理解题 根据第二段“These apes were “excellent candidates” for this study because they “engage in social play, show laughter, and display relatively sophisticated understandings of others’ expectations,” said Isabelle Laumer, the study’s lead author.(这项研究的主要作者伊莎贝尔·劳默说，这些猿类是这项研究的“优秀候选者”，因为它们“参与社交游戏，会笑，对他人的期望表现出相对复杂的理解”)”可知，这四种猿类被选为优秀的候选者是因为他们有玩闹的感觉。故选C。 2. B 题型：细节理解题 根据第四段“The animals typically engaged in the behaviors when they were calm and relaxed, indicating that their actions were not meant to be aggressive.(这些动物通常在平静和放松的时候做出这些行为，这表明它们的行为并不是攻击性的)”可知，猿类的戏弄对别人没有伤害。故选B。 3. A 题型：细节理解题 根据最后一段““We also hope that this study raises awareness of the similarities we share with our closest relatives and the importance of protecting these endangered animals,” she said.(她说：“我们也希望这项研究能提高人们对人类与近亲之间的相似性的认识，以及保护这些濒危动物的重要性。”)”可知，劳默认为这项研究是有帮助的。故选A。 4. D 题型：主旨大意题 根据第一段“If you enjoy goofing around and annoying your loved ones, you’re not alone: Four kinds of great apes have been found to engage in playful teasing. Great apes are a family of primates (灵长目动物) that are very closely related to humans, so this discovery could shed light on how a sense of humor and playfulness emerged in people. (如果你喜欢胡闹和惹恼你爱的人，你不是一个人：有四种类人猿被发现喜欢开玩笑。类人猿是灵长类动物的一个家族，与人类的关系非常密切，因此这一发现可能会揭示人类是如何产生幽默感和爱玩性的)”结合文章主要介绍了一个关于猿类喜欢捉弄开玩笑的研究，其目的是为了揭示人类是如何产生幽默感和爱玩性的。可知，D选项“猿的戏弄提供了对人类爱玩的根源的洞察”最符合文章标题。故选D。 全文翻译： 如果你喜欢胡闹逗弄亲友，那你并不孤单：最新研究发现，四种类人猿都会进行充满趣味的捉弄行为。类人猿作为与人类亲缘关系极近的灵长目动物，这一发现或许能揭示人类幽默感与玩闹天性的进化起源。 这项新研究聚焦黑猩猩、倭黑猩猩、西部与东部大猩猩，以及苏门答腊猩猩。研究第一作者伊莎贝尔・劳默（Isabelle Laumer）指出，这些猿类是“绝佳研究对象”，因为它们“参与社交游戏、会发出笑声，且对他者期望有相对复杂的理解”。 研究人员观察了动物园中34只猿类的视频，寻找“捉弄行为”的例证——即某只猿（“捉弄者”）试图挑逗特定个体（“目标”）作出反应。在75小时的影像中，他们发现142例玩闹捉弄场景，且所有四类猿类均有此行为。具体表现包括戳击同伴、拉扯毛发，或在对方视野中央挥舞肢体。若目标无反应，捉弄者会持续尝试直至引发回应。 这些动物通常在平静放松的状态下作出此类行为，表明其动机并非攻击性。多数情况下，是幼年猿类捉弄成年个体，这与人类儿童的捉弄模式惊人相似。 在类人猿中发现捉弄行为，意味着该行为的大脑基础至少在1300万年前就已存在于人类与类人猿的共同祖先身上。劳默希望这项研究能启发更多关于动物玩闹捉弄的探索，从而深入理解该行为的起源。“我们也希望借此唤起公众对人类与近亲物种相似性的认知，以及保护这些濒危动物的重要性。”她补充道。 第4篇 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在切尔西花展上，一座由“不起眼”的黏土制成的3D打印砖块建造的花园因其最具环境可持续性的设计获得了首个绿色奖章，还介绍了该花园的设计理念以及优势等。 1. A 题型：细节理解题 根据文章第一段“A garden constructed with “humble” clay fashioned into 3D - printed bricks has claimed the first green medal at the Chelsea Flower Show for being the most environmentally sustainable design.(一座由“不起眼”的黏土制成的3D打印砖块建造的花园因其最具环境可持续性的设计在切尔西花展上获得了首个绿色奖章)” 以及第二段“The Environmental Innovation Award is the first of its sort and goes along with the gold, silver and bronze medals awarded to the most attractive and interesting gardens.(环境创新奖是此类奖项中的第一个，与颁发给最具吸引力和趣味性花园的金、银、铜牌一同颁发)”可知，切尔西花展既重视可持续性，又重视花园的吸引力。A 选项“It values sustainability and appeal.(它重视可持续性和吸引力。)”符合文意，故选A项。 2. D 题型：细节理解题 根据文章第五段“The material in our garden is low - temperature - fired clay, a resource that can be found pretty much everywhere. We made this clay into 3D - printed bricks, connecting ancient tradition with novel practices so carbon emissions are the lowest possible, if any.(我们花园里的材料是低温烧制的粘土，这种资源几乎随处可见。我们将这种粘土制成3D打印砖，将古老的传统与新颖的做法相结合，从而尽可能降低碳排放，如果有的话)”可知，与其他建筑材料相比，粘土更环保且更容易获取。故选D项。 3. D 题型：细节理解题 根据文章最后一段“As a result, when it is relocated to RHS Garden Wisley, where it will live on after the show as an educational facility, the carbon emissions will be low as no materials will be wasted.(因此，当它被搬迁到英国皇家园艺学会威斯利花园（RHS Garden Wisley），在展览结束后作为一个教育设施继续存在时，碳排放将很低，因为不会浪费任何材料)”可知，展览结束后，Giorgi的花园将被搬迁到另一个地方继续发挥作用。故选D项。 4. C 题型：主旨大意题 文章第一段“A garden constructed with "humble" clay fashioned into 3D - printed bricks has claimed the first green medal at the Chelsea Flower Show for being the most environmentally sustainable design.(一个由“普通”粘土制成3D打印砖建造的花园，因其是最环保的设计而在切尔西花展上获得了第一枚绿色奖章。)”、第二段“The Environmental Innovation Award is the first of its sort and goes along with the gold, silver and bronze medals awarded to the most attractive and interesting gardens.(环境创新奖是此类奖项中的第一个，与颁发给最具吸引力和趣味性花园的金、银、铜牌一同颁发)”、第五段“The material in our garden is low - temperature - fired clay, a resource that can be found pretty much everywhere. We made this clay into 3D - printed bricks, connecting ancient tradition with novel practices so carbon emissions are the lowest possible, if any.(我们花园里的材料是低温烧制的粘土，这种资源几乎随处可见。我们将这种粘土制成3D打印砖，将古老的传统与新颖的做法相结合，从而尽可能降低碳排放，如果有的话)”以及最后一段“As a result, when it is relocated to RHS Garden Wisley, where it will live on after the show as an educational facility, the carbon emissions will be low as no materials will be wasted.(因此，当它被搬迁到英国皇家园艺学会威斯利花园（RHS Garden Wisley），在展览结束后作为一个教育设施继续存在时，碳排放将很低，因为不会浪费任何材料)”可知，文章介绍了用粘土砖建造的花园获得了切尔西花展的绿色奖章，随后的段落围绕这个花园展开介绍，包括其建造材料粘土的优势、花园的可持续性以及展览结束后的去向等。所以C项“Garden with Clay Bricks: Winner of Green Medal(用粘土砖建造的花园：绿色奖章获得者)”最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 全文翻译： 一座用“普通”黏土制成3D打印砖块构建的花园，因其极具环境可持续性的设计，在切尔西花展上斩获首枚绿色奖章。 自1913年起，切尔西花展作为在伦敦切尔西每年举办的著名全球盛事，一直是园艺界年度活动的重要组成部分。它最初旨在展示园艺最新潮流与植物品种。“环境创新奖”是同类首个奖项，与授予最具吸引力和趣味花园的金、银、铜牌并列。 首次参与切尔西设计的朱利奥・乔治（Giulio Giorgi）表示，他打造的这座绿色奖章获奖花园未使用任何混凝土。大多数花园都以某种形式使用混凝土，而这些建筑材料往往产生最高的碳足迹。 尽管采用传粉友好型植物、保留野生区域及合理用水是众所周知的使花园更可持续的简单方法，但乔治称，关注建筑材料至关重要，因为其碳足迹常被忽视。 “我们通常大量使用金属、水泥，然后在建造花园时投入大量能源。我们花园的材料是低温烧制黏土，这是一种几乎随处可见的资源。”乔治说，“我们将这种黏土制成3D打印砖块，将古老传统与新实践结合，尽可能降低碳排放（如果有的话）。这些砖块像海绵一样保持水分，在植物遭遇干旱时释放水分。” 评委们考量了花园的“生命周期终点规划”以及材料是否可重复利用。乔治花园的3D打印特性意味着它可轻松拆解并重新组装。因此，当它被搬迁至英国皇家园艺学会（RHS）的威斯利花园时——展会后它将作为教育设施留存于此——由于不会浪费任何材料，碳排放将很低。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$