Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单词短语句型语法（教材考点精练）英语人教版2019选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists 教材考点精练 单元重点单词短语句型语法 (时间：60分钟，满分：100分) 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分) 1．This is they call a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. 【答案】what 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：这就是人们所说的千载难逢的机会。由句意此处应填表语从句的引导词，从句动词call缺少宾语，表示“……的事物”，应用连接代词what。故填what。 2．I will charge you one hundred yuan repairing your cell phone. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：修理你的手机我要收你一百元。charge sb for doing sth“为做某事向某人收取费用”，故填for。 3．Being in charge the English program “Talk and Talk” run by our school broadcast station, I feel much privileged to invite you to our program for a live talk show. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：作为学校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人，我非常荣幸地邀请您参加我们的节目现场脱口秀。短语be in charge of表示“负责”，符合句意，故空处应填介词of。故填of。 4．Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear (defend) actions we knew. 【答案】defence 【详解】考查名词。句意：我和埃利吓坏了，试了所有我们知道的防熊方法。空处表示“防熊方法”，使用名词defence作定语，修饰名词actions。故填defence。 5．All the people were fighting against the flood in defence their own homes. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：所有的人都在抗洪保卫自己的家园。in defence of是固定短语，意为“为了保卫”，因此空格处用介词of，故填of。 6．Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols another. 【答案】into 【详解】考查介词。句意：它的程序指定了一组规则来将一串符号转换成另一串符号。transform...into...是一个固定短语，意为“使……变成……”，故空处应填介词into，故填into。 7．The charge for transportation is the decrease because of lower fuel costs. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：由于燃料成本降低，运输费正在下降。由because of lower fuel costs可知，句子表示“由于燃料成本降低，运输费正在下降”，on the decrease意为“正在下降”，因此空格处用介词on，故填on。 8．We have no idea when the price of housing decreases the level we can afford. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：我们不知道房价什么时候会降到我们能承受的水平。句中表达的是房价下降到我们能承受的水平，应用短语decrease to表示“下降到”。故填to。 9．It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home nature. 【答案】and 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：它能给人们的生活带来新的趣味和关注点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。between...and...，意为“两者之间、在……之间”是固定搭配，符合句意，故填and。 10．Once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else a bad situation, you are a loser. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：一旦你养成了把糟糕的情况归咎于别人或其他事情的习惯，你就是一个失败者。blame sb. for sth.是固定短语，意为“为某事责备某人”，因此空格处用介词for，故填for。 11．The village is no longer it used to be. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这个村庄不再是它过去的样子了。“ it used to be”是表语从句，从句缺少表语，结合句意，表示“……的样子；……的事物”，应用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 12．Students’ overall development is the key to better education lies. 【答案】where 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：学生的全面发展是提高教育质量的关键所在。引导表语从句，从句缺少地点状语，故用where。故填where。 13．Ten percent of life is what happens to you and ninety percent is you respond to it. 【答案】how 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：生活的百分之十是发生在你身上的事，百分之九十是你如何应对它。空处引导名词性从句作表语，结合句意可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“如何，怎样”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 14．The most obvious advantage of online learning is you can study anywhere and anytime. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：在线学习最明显的优点是你可以随时随地学习。设空处引导表语从句，且从句语义完整，不缺成分，需用连接词that引导。故填that。 15．That’s the postal service means to us. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是邮政服务对我们的意义。引导表语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，故填what。 16．What worries the patient is the medical treatment might have side effects on his digestive system. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：让病人担心的是，这种治疗可能会对他的消化系统产生副作用。横线前面有is，说明这是一个表语从句。从句中句子成分完整，且意思完整，应该填入that。故填that。 17．The problem is method we should adopt to solve this complex problem. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：问题是我们应该采用什么方法来解决这个复杂的问题。分析句子结构可知，“is”后是表语从句，从句缺少定语，修饰名词method，表示“什么”，故用连接代词what引导。故填what。 18． With the new (find), scientists have gained a greater understanding of the moon’s history. 【答案】finding 【详解】考查名词。句意：有了这个新发现，科学家们对月球的历史有了更深入的了解。空处需填名词finding，作介词with的宾语，特指有助于科学家们了解月球的这个发现，应用单数形式。故填finding。 19．If I am very sleep, it is I stayed up all night. 【答案】because 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：如果我很困，那是因为我熬夜了。“It is...”后接表语从句，根据句意，此处表原因，所以用because引导来解释原因，即“因为我熬了一整夜”。故填because。 20．What I am trying to find out is bus I should take. 【答案】which 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我想知道的是我应该乘哪路公共汽车。引导表语从句，且表语从句中缺少bus的限定词，表达“哪一辆公交车”用which。故填which。 21．The point is much time we should spend on the task. 【答案】how 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：关键是我们应该花多少时间在这项任务上。根据句意“多少时间”可知，空处应填入how，构成短语how much time，how引导表语从句。故填how。 22．The question is the movie is worth watching. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：问题是这部电影是否值得观看。本空引导表语从句，表示“是否”的意思，用whether引导。故填whether。 23．Though science and technoogy has brought us a lot of benefits and convenience, the public hold apparently (contradict) attitudes towards the development of AI. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】contradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管科学技术给我们带来了很多好处和便利，但公众对人工智能的发展持有明显矛盾的态度。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰attitudes。contradictory意为“相互矛盾的，对立的”。故填contradictory。 24．Scientists have found there is link between smoking and lung cancer. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：科学家们发现吸烟和肺癌之间有联系。link是可数名词，在句中表示泛指，且其前通常会用不定冠词修饰，且link首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。 25．He died the traffic accident last week. 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：他在上周的交通事故中丧生。die from表示“死于”，通常用于描述因事故等导致的死亡。故填from。 26．The president declared his determination for the first time in a speech to take strong action in (defend) of public safety. 【答案】defence 【详解】考查名词。句意：总统在演讲中首次宣布了他采取强硬措施来捍卫公共安全的决心。介词后用名词作宾语，in defence of“保卫；捍卫”固定短语，故填defence。 27．Some of the studies can be (相互矛盾的) and confusing, which even lead to some misunderstandings among the public. 【答案】contradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有些研究可能是相互矛盾的并令人困惑的，这甚至会导致公众的一些误解。根据汉意提示可知，空处应为形容词contradictory“相互矛盾的”，作表语，故填contradictory。 28． More than ten years later, another war (break) out between the USA and Iraq. 【答案】broke 【详解】考查时态。句意：十多年后，美国和伊拉克之间爆发了另一场战争。空格处是句子的谓语动词，“More than ten years later(十多年后)”表明是过去的时间，所以句子时态用一般过去时，break的过去式是broke。故填broke。 29．The problem will not be difficult to solve if properly (handle). 【答案】handled 【详解】考查省略句。句意：如果处理得当，这个问题就不难解决。动词handle与从句的主语是被动关系，要用被动语态，时态是一般现在时；此处是由if引导的省略句，if从句的主语和主句的主语The problem一致，因此从句可以省略主语代词和be动词，即if (it is) properly handled。故填handled。 30．Cultural expectations may also be (blame)—girls may be more likely to catch maths anxiety, perhaps because of stereotypes (刻板印象)that giris are naturally not very good at maths. 【答案】to blame 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：文化期望也可能是罪魁祸首——女孩可能更容易患上数学焦虑症，也许是因为女孩天生不擅长数学的刻板印象，短语 be to blame 表示“该受责备”主动表达被动。故填 to blame。 31．The data (make) sense once you understand the methodology used in the study. 【答案】makes 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：一旦你理解了研究中使用的方法，这些数据就有意义了。空处为主句谓语动词，此处在描述通常性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语The data为不可数名词，make应用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。 32．Tensions broke between the research teams over limited resources. 【答案】out 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：由于资源有限，研究小组之间爆发了紧张关系。结合句意，此处为break out为固定搭配，意为“爆发”。故填out。 33．The lead scientist is charge of overseeing the entire research project. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：首席科学家负责监督整个研究项目。句中be in charge of为固定短语，意为“负责，管理”。故填in。 34． defence of the project, the team outlined the progress made and future goals. 【答案】In 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：在为项目辩护时，团队概述了所取得的进展和未来的目标。in defense of为固定搭配，意为“为……辩护”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填In。 35． Any normal person sometimes experience disappointment, ambitions and the loss of loved ones. But for many people, these matters of human existence (transform) into an abnormal state of despair. 【答案】are transformed 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：任何正常的人有时都会经历失望、野心和失去所爱的人。但对许多人来说，这些人类存在的问题变成了一种不正常的绝望状态。根据前句中experience可知，句子应用一般现在时，主语these matters of human existence与谓语动词transform构成被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语these matters of human existence为复数，be动词使用are。故填are transformed。 36．It is the third time that the little boy (subscribe) to China Daily. 【答案】has subscribed 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是这个小男孩第三次订阅《中国日报》。It is the first ( second ... ) time that ...句型中的 that 从句谓语动词用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果主句是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果主句是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。根据It is可知，空处应用现在完成时，从句主语是the little boy，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has subscribed。 37． by my two , I succeeded in finishing the experiment. As a matter of fact, their helped a lot. (assist) 【答案】 Assisted assistants assistance 【详解】考查非谓语和名词。句意：在两个助手的协助下，我成功地完成了实验。事实上，他们的帮助帮助很大。第一个空为非谓语动词，主语I与动词assist构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。第二个空表示“助手”，作by宾语，用assistant，为可数名词，被two修饰，用复数。第三个空作主语，表示“帮助”，用名词assistance，为不可数名词。故填Assisted；assistants；assistance。 38． I was overcome with sadness because I (suspect) of stealing his money. 【答案】was suspected 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：我被怀疑偷了他的钱，心里非常难过。此处主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文was可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为I，谓语用单数。故填was suspected。 39． In reality, the mechanic made a severe mistake, (shift) nervously from one foot to another. 【答案】shifting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：实际上，机械师犯了一个严重的错误，紧张地从一只脚换到另一只脚。本句谓语为made，此处为非谓语动词，且the mechanic与shift“转移，转换”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填shifting。 40．In the medical field, nurses serve as valuable (assist) to doctors, providing support and care to patients. 【答案】assistants 【详解】考查名词。句意：在医疗领域，护士是医生的宝贵助手，为病人提供支持和照顾。此处指护士是医生的助手，名词assistant“助手”符合，根据主语nurses判断宾语用复数形式。故填assistants。 二、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．T a polluted area into a park requires both government action and public support. 【答案】Transforming/ransforming 【详解】考查动词。句意：将一个被污染的地区变成一个公园需要政府的行动和公众的支持。根据首字母T可知，本空用动词transform“转变”，本句已有谓语requires，本空用非谓语动词形式，此处作主语，用动名词，句首单词首字母字母大写。故填Transforming。 2．Some people (认同) to the belief that technology is making us less intelligent, while others argue that it is simply changing the way we think. 【答案】subscribe 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：一些人认同技术正在使我们变得不那么聪明的观点，而另一些人则认为它只是在改变我们的思维方式。根据汉语提示可知，表示“认同”应为动词subscribe，subscribe to“认同，赞同”为固定短语；根据句意和空后的while others argue可知，此处描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语Some people为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填subscribe。 3．This equipment can t light into energy. 【答案】transform/ransform 【详解】考查动词。句意：这种设备能把光转化为能量。根据单词首字母以及句意“转化”可知，此处为动词transform，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填transform。 4．She doesn’t (订购) to the newspaper because she feels like reading E-magazines. 【答案】subscribe 【详解】考查动词。句意：她不订阅那份报纸，因为她想要阅读电子杂志。根据汉语提示可知用动词subscribe，此处为否定陈述句，在助动词doesn’t后应填原形。故填subscribe。 5．He was to (责怪) for the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road. 【答案】blame 【详解】考查动词。句意：他应为这次事故负责，因为他把车开错了路。表示“责怪”使用动词blame，使用动词原形和前面的to构成动词不定式，be to blame (应受谴责)。故填blame。 6．If you can’t (处理) the job, I will get somebody else to do it. 【答案】handle/tackle 【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你无法处理这项工作，我会找其他人来做。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入动词原形，与情态动词can’t构成谓语结构。“处理”对应的常用动词有handle“处理、应对”和tackle“解决、应对难题”。故填handle /tackle。 7．The detective presented the p that the suspect was at the scene of the crime. 【答案】proof/roof 【详解】考查名词。句意：侦探提出了嫌疑人在犯罪现场的证据。根据首字母提示p以及句意，可知此处应用名词proof，作动词presented的宾语，意为“证据”。故填proof。 8．Realizing the complexity of the experiment, the professor assigned her (助教) to guide the students. 【答案】assistant 【详解】考查名词。句意：教授意识到实验的复杂性，就派她的助手指导学生。空前是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据所给中文提示词，应是assistant意为“助教”符合语境，可数名词，通常情况下助教只有一位，故此处用单数形式。故填assistant。 9．The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite (证据) .   【答案】proof/evidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于没有确凿的证据，这个案子被驳回了。根据句意和汉语提示应填proof或者evidence，表示“证据”不可数名词。故填proof/evidence。 10． Wearing a mask and proper handwashing are the most effective ways to reduce the i of the virus. 【答案】infection/nfection 【详解】考查名词。句意：戴口罩和正确洗手是减少病毒感染的最有效方法。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据句意和首字母提示，表示“感染”用infection。故填infection。 11．She doesn’t s to his negative prediction of the economy. On the contrary, she thinks it is just on the rise. 【答案】subscribe/ubscribe 【详解】考查动词。句意：她不认同他对经济做出的消极预测。相反，她认为经济正处于上升阶段。根据后文“On the contrary, she thinks it is just on the rise.”可知，句中表示“同意，赞同”，用动词短语subscribe to，结合空前doesn’t可知，空前用动词原形，构成一般现在时的否定结构。故填subscribe。 12．You can’t b anyone else; you made the decision alone. 【答案】blame/lame 【详解】考查动词。句意：你不能责怪别人；这个决定是你自己做的。根据首字母和句意可知，此处为blame表示“责怪”，位于情态动词can’t之后，所以此处使用动词原形。故填blame。 13．They based their (发现) on more than four thousand adolescents who were not depressed when the survey began in nineteen ninety-five. 【答案】findings 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们的发现基于超过四千名在1995年调查开始时未患抑郁症的青少年。此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“发现”为名词 finding，由于这里指的是研究的结果或结论，通常使用复数形式findings来表示一系列的研究发现。故填findings。 14．The managing director was to b for the accident, although it was not really his fault. 【答案】blame/lame 【详解】考查动词。句意：尽管事故并不是他的错，但常务董事还是应该为此承担责任。此处位于不定式符号to之后，所以为动词原形，根据首字母“b”和句意可知，此处应为动词blame，意为“责备”，be to blame for意为“对……负有责任”符合句意。故填blame。 15．Loss of mum’s company (投射) a shadow over his character development when he was young. 【答案】cast 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：失去母亲的陪伴给他小时候的性格发展蒙上了阴影。根据汉语提示可知，表示“投射”可用动词cast，再根据下文“when he was young.(在他小时候)”可知，本句的时态为一般过去时，所以此处用动词的过去式形式，cast的过去式是cast。故填cast。 16．The restaurant was already facing financial difficulties, and then they had an inspection failure. It never rains but it p . 【答案】pours/ours 【详解】考查动词。句意：这家餐厅本已面临财务困难，结果又遭遇了检查不合格。真是祸不单行。分析句式结构可知，此处是but引导的并列句，后句缺少谓语，所以空格处应填动词，再根据首字母提示，应该用动词pour表示“倾泻”，再根据前文的rains可知时态用一般现在时，主语是it，所以此处用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填pours。 17．Being exposed to these surroundings will increase the risk of (感染). 【答案】infection 【详解】考查名词。句意：暴露在这些环境中将增加感染的风险。空处应填名词作宾语。根据汉语提示，“感染”对应的英语单词为infection，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填infection。 18．When faced with conflicting information, you must determine whether your (最初的) understanding is wrong. 【答案】original/initial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当面对矛盾的信息时，你必须判断你最初的理解是否错误。根据汉语提示“最初的”可知，本空用形容词original或initial，修饰名词understanding，作前置定语。故填original或initial。 19．Using this new software to process data will save us a (大量) amount of time and money, as it automates many complex tasks that previously hours of manual work. 【答案】substantial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：使用这个新软件来处理数据将为我们节省大量时间和金钱，因为它自动化了许多以前需要数小时人工完成的复杂任务。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“大量”应用substantial，为形容词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词。故填substantial。 20．I definitely (同意) to the success being 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. 【答案】subscribe 【详解】考查动词。句意：我绝对赞同成功是1%的灵感加99%的汗水。根据汉语提示可知应用动词subscribe，作谓语，构成短语subscribe to表示“同意”，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语用原形。故填subscribe。 三、完成句子(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 1．让学校感到自豪的是，90%以上的学生都被大学或学院录取。 What makes the school proud more than 90%of the students have been admitted into universities or colleges. 【答案】 is that 【详解】考查名词性从句、时态。“What makes the school proud”是主语从句，主句缺少谓语动词，根据句意可知描述的是一般情况，句子时态为一般现在时，主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以第一空应填is表示“是”；“more than 90% of the students have been admitted into universities or colleges”是表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，也不缺少含义，所以用连接词 that 引导表语从句。所以应填 is；that。 2．你取得了如此巨大的进步，所以我专门写信祝贺你。 , so I am specially writing to congratulate you. 【答案】You have made such great progress 【详解】考查短语和时态。主语为you；表示“取得了如此巨大的进步”短语为make such great progress，且动作发生在过去，对现在产生影响，用现在完成时，助动词用have。首字母大写。故填You have made such great progress。 3．我将一直在农场工作直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。 to help my father buy a new tractor. 【答案】I will keep working on the farm until I earn enough money 【详解】考查短语和时态。“将”用will，表示一般将来时；“一直做某事”用短语keep doing sth.；“在农场”用短语on the farm；“直到”用连词until，后接从句，主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时；“挣到足够的钱”翻译为earn enough money。故答案为I will keep working on the farm until I earn enough money。 4．由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目正在减少。 Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals . 【答案】is decreasing 【详解】考查动词时态。表示“减少”，用decrease，描述正在发生的事情，时态需用现在进行时。句子的主语是the number of some rare animals，“the number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式，系动词用is。故填is decreasing。 5．仔细关好门窗以防陌生人闯进你的房子。 Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers . 【答案】from breaking into your house. 【详解】考查动词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“闯进你的房子”，应用动词短语break into，意为“闯入”，根据空前prevent some strangers可知，固定搭配prevent sb. from doing sth.，意为“防止某人做某事”，break应变成breaking，作宾语，表示“你的房子”应用短语your house。故填from breaking into your house。 6．父母不在家的时候，保姆对孩子们负责。 The babysitter was the kids while the parents were out. 【答案】in charge of 【详解】考查固定短语。本空表示“负责，管理”，用固定短语in charge of。故填in charge of。 7．原因是英语是被人发明的，这反映了人类的创造力。 The reason is English was invented by people and it reflects the creativity of human race. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺任何成分和含义，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导从句。故填that。 8．软件开发人员应对应用程序中的漏洞负责。 The software developer the bugs in the application. 【答案】is to blame for 【详解】考查固定短语、时态。分析句子结构，空白处在句中做谓语，应使用动词短语。根据汉语提示，表示 “对…… 负责” 含义的短语为：be to blame for。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，be用is。故填 is to blame for。 9．安全团队在监控录像中识别了一名嫌疑人。 The security team identified in the surveillance footage. 【答案】a suspect 【详解】考查名词。表示“嫌疑人”应用名词suspect，作宾语，此处表示泛指，且suspect发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a suspect。 10．The flames from the experiment once the fuel is depleted. 实验中的火焰在燃料耗尽后逐渐熄灭。 【答案】die down 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。表示“逐渐熄灭”应用动词短语die down，结合“is depleted”可知，使用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词使用动词原形。故填die down。 11．随着风暴移动离开，风和雷声逐渐减弱。 As the storm moves off, the winds and thunder . 【答案】die away 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。表示“逐渐减弱”应用动词短语die away，结合“moves off”可知，使用一般现在时，主语为the winds and thunder，谓语使用动词原形。故填die away。 12．许多种类因人类传播的疾病而死亡。 Many species that are transmitted by humans. 【答案】die of diseases 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“死于”用die of，其表示的是“死于某种内因（如疾病）”。表示“疾病”用disease，此处表示复数意义，应该用diseases。同时句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。故填die of diseases。 13．该软件对教育机构免费提供。 The software is available for educational institutions. 【答案】free of charge 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“免费”用固定短语free of charge。故填free of charge。 14．新项目经理接管了开发团队以提高生产力。 The new project manager the development team to improve productivity. 【答案】took charge of 【详解】考查动词时态。表示“接管”用take charge of，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填took charge of。 15．研究助理为项目整理数据，确保数据的准确性和完整性。 The research compiled data for the project, ensuring accuracy and completeness. 【答案】assistant 【详解】考查名词。表示“助理”用名词assistant，此处使用名词作主语。故填assistant。 16．为了捍卫新技术，CEO强调了其优势和潜力。 the new technology, the CEO highlighted its benefits and potential. 【答案】In defence/defense of 【详解】考查介词短语。表示“为了捍卫”可知，应用介词短语in defence/defense of，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填In defence/defense of。 7．防病毒软件通过扫描文件来保护用户免受恶意软件感染。 The antivirus software malware infections by scanning files. 【答案】defends users from 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“保护免受……的侵害”用动词短语defend sb from sth。句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，同时表示“用户”用user，此处表示复数意义，故用users。故填defends users from。 18．证据表明, 睡眠不足、营养不良和缺乏锻炼都不利于青少年的健康成长。 lack of sleep, poor nutrition and lack of exercise are not conducive to the healthy development of teenagers. 【答案】Proof shows (that)/ Evidence shows (that)/ It has been proved that 【详解】考查固定句型。根据所给中文提示词和英文翻译可知，需翻译部分是“证据表明”，此处可用固定句型，根据后文描述是客观事实，用一般现在时，“证据”为名词proof/evidence，“证据表明”可用Proof shows (that)或者Evidence shows (that)或者It has been proved that，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。故填Proof shows (that)或者Evidence shows (that)或者It has been proved that。 19．幸亏有你的及时帮助，我们才提前完成了任务。 your timely help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule. 【答案】Thanks to 【详解】考查固定搭配。根据中英文提示可知，需要翻译的部分是“幸亏”，固定搭配thanks to，意为“幸亏”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Thanks to。 20．健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。 Health problems ． 【答案】are closely linked to bad eating habits and a lack of exercise 【详解】考查短语、名词和时态。“与……密切相关”表达为be closely linked to...，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语problems是复数，be用are，“不良饮食习惯”表达为bad eating habits，作宾语，可数名词复数表泛指，“缺乏锻炼”可表达为a lack of exerise，作宾语。故填are closely linked to bad eating habits and a lack of exercise。 1 / 14学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Science and Scientists 教材考点精练 单元重点单词短语句型语法 (时间：60分钟，满分：100分) 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分) 1．This is they call a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. 2．I will charge you one hundred yuan repairing your cell phone. 3．Being in charge the English program “Talk and Talk” run by our school broadcast station, I feel much privileged to invite you to our program for a live talk show. 4．Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear (defend) actions we knew. 5．All the people were fighting against the flood in defence their own homes. 6．Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols another. 7．The charge for transportation is the decrease because of lower fuel costs. 8．We have no idea when the price of housing decreases the level we can afford. 9．It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home nature. 10．Once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else a bad situation, you are a loser. 11．The village is no longer it used to be. 12．Students’ overall development is the key to better education lies. 13．Ten percent of life is what happens to you and ninety percent is you respond to it. 15．That’s the postal service means to us. 16．What worries the patient is the medical treatment might have side effects on his digestive system. 17．The problem is method we should adopt to solve this complex problem. 18． With the new (find), scientists have gained a greater understanding of the moon’s history. 19．If I am very sleep, it is I stayed up all night. 20．What I am trying to find out is bus I should take. 21．The point is much time we should spend on the task. 22．The question is the movie is worth watching. 23．Though science and technoogy has brought us a lot of benefits and convenience, the public hold apparently (contradict) attitudes towards the development of AI. (所给词的适当形式填空) 24．Scientists have found there is link between smoking and lung cancer. 25．He died the traffic accident last week. 26．The president declared his determination for the first time in a speech to take strong action in (defend) of public safety. 27．Some of the studies can be (相互矛盾的) and confusing, which even lead to some misunderstandings among the public. 28． More than ten years later, another war (break) out between the USA and Iraq. 29．The problem will not be difficult to solve if properly (handle). 30．Cultural expectations may also be (blame)—girls may be more likely to catch maths anxiety, perhaps because of stereotypes (刻板印象)that giris are naturally not very good at maths. 31．The data (make) sense once you understand the methodology used in the study. 32．Tensions broke between the research teams over limited resources. 33．The lead scientist is charge of overseeing the entire research project. 34． defence of the project, the team outlined the progress made and future goals. 35． Any normal person sometimes experience disappointment, ambitions and the loss of loved ones. But for many people, these matters of human existence (transform) into an abnormal state of despair. 36．It is the third time that the little boy (subscribe) to China Daily. 37． by my two , I succeeded in finishing the experiment. As a matter of fact, their helped a lot. (assist) 38． I was overcome with sadness because I (suspect) of stealing his money. 39． In reality, the mechanic made a severe mistake, (shift) nervously from one foot to another. 40．In the medical field, nurses serve as valuable (assist) to doctors, providing support and care to patients. 二、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．T a polluted area into a park requires both government action and public support. 2．Some people (认同) to the belief that technology is making us less intelligent, while others argue that it is simply changing the way we think. 3．This equipment can t light into energy. 4．She doesn’t (订购) to the newspaper because she feels like reading E-magazines. 5．He was to (责怪) for the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road. 6．If you can’t (处理) the job, I will get somebody else to do it. 7．The detective presented the p that the suspect was at the scene of the crime. 8．Realizing the complexity of the experiment, the professor assigned her (助教) to guide the students. 9．The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite (证据) .   10． Wearing a mask and proper handwashing are the most effective ways to reduce the i of the virus. 11．She doesn’t s to his negative prediction of the economy. On the contrary, she thinks it is just on the rise. 12．You can’t b anyone else; you made the decision alone. 13．They based their (发现) on more than four thousand adolescents who were not depressed when the survey began in nineteen ninety-five. 14．The managing director was to b for the accident, although it was not really his fault. 15．Loss of mum’s company (投射) a shadow over his character development when he was young. 16．The restaurant was already facing financial difficulties, and then they had an inspection failure. It never rains but it p . 17．Being exposed to these surroundings will increase the risk of (感染). 18．When faced with conflicting information, you must determine whether your (最初的) understanding is wrong. 19．Using this new software to process data will save us a (大量) amount of time and money, as it automates many complex tasks that previously hours of manual work. 20．I definitely (同意) to the success being 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. 三、完成句子(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 1．让学校感到自豪的是，90%以上的学生都被大学或学院录取。 What makes the school proud more than 90%of the students have been admitted into universities or colleges. 2．你取得了如此巨大的进步，所以我专门写信祝贺你。 , so I am specially writing to congratulate you. 3．我将一直在农场工作直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。 to help my father buy a new tractor. 4．由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目正在减少。 Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals . 5．仔细关好门窗以防陌生人闯进你的房子。 Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers . 6．父母不在家的时候，保姆对孩子们负责。 The babysitter was the kids while the parents were out. 7．原因是英语是被人发明的，这反映了人类的创造力。 The reason is English was invented by people and it reflects the creativity of human race. 8．软件开发人员应对应用程序中的漏洞负责。 The software developer the bugs in the application. 9．安全团队在监控录像中识别了一名嫌疑人。 The security team identified in the surveillance footage. 10．The flames from the experiment once the fuel is depleted. 实验中的火焰在燃料耗尽后逐渐熄灭。 11．随着风暴移动离开，风和雷声逐渐减弱。 As the storm moves off, the winds and thunder . 12．许多种类因人类传播的疾病而死亡。 Many species that are transmitted by humans. 13．该软件对教育机构免费提供。 The software is available for educational institutions. 14．新项目经理接管了开发团队以提高生产力。 The new project manager the development team to improve productivity. 15．研究助理为项目整理数据，确保数据的准确性和完整性。 The research compiled data for the project, ensuring accuracy and completeness. 16．为了捍卫新技术，CEO强调了其优势和潜力。 the new technology, the CEO highlighted its benefits and potential. 7．防病毒软件通过扫描文件来保护用户免受恶意软件感染。 The antivirus software malware infections by scanning files. 18．证据表明, 睡眠不足、营养不良和缺乏锻炼都不利于青少年的健康成长。 lack of sleep, poor nutrition and lack of exercise are not conducive to the healthy development of teenagers. 19．幸亏有你的及时帮助，我们才提前完成了任务。 your timely help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule. 20．健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。 Health problems ． 1 / 14学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$