Unit 1 Science and Scientists（重难词汇精练）英语人教版2019选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、一词多用 2 题型四、单句语法填空 3 题型五、单词拼写 4 题型六、完成句子 4 综合攻坚·能力跃升 5 题型一、语篇语法填空 5 题型二、应用文写作 6 题型一、词性转换 1.____________adj.懊恼的,沮丧的;失意的→___________v.使...受挫→ ___________n.沮丧,挫折 2.____________ adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的→____________ n.矛盾 3.____________n.感染;传染→ ____________ adj.传染的→____________ v.使感染;传染 4.____________ vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费);赞同;捐助→ ____________ n.捐献；订阅；订金；签署 5.____________n.证据;证明;检验→____________v.证明 6.____________vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象→____________adj.感觉可疑的;令人怀疑的 7.__________ n.把手;手柄vt.处理;控制,操纵(车辆、动物、工具等); (用手)触、碰 8.____________n.介入;出面;干涉→____________ v. 干扰 打断 9.___________adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→____________v.净化 10.____________ adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的→____________n.物质 11.____________vt.使改观;使改变形态vi.改变;转变→____________n.改革 12.____________n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决→____________ v.发现，发觉；寻找，找到 13.____________adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→____________adv.最初，起初 14.__________adj.爱国的→___________n.爱国主义 15.____________adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的→____________n.机械师;机械修理工 16.____________vt.保卫;防守;辩解→____________n.防御；保护；保卫→____________ adj.防御的；自我保护的 17.____________n.助理;助手→____________ v.协助→____________ n.协助 18.____________ adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→____________n.天赋；礼物 19.____________v.依赖,依靠→____________adj.独立的→____________ n.独立 20.____________adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→____________ adv.稳定地 题型二、核心短语 1. ____________________ 最终地；彻底地 2.____________________ 总的来说 3. ____________________ 同意；赞同 4. ____________________ 幸亏；由于 5. ____________________ 处理；应对；涉及；与……打交道 6. ____________________ 依靠；信赖；取决于 7. ____________________ 履行；执行 8. ____________________ 平静下来 9. ____________________ 突然开始；爆发 10. ____________________ 主管；掌管 11. ____________________ 患（病）；染上（小病） 12. ____________________ 最重要的是；尤其是 题型三、一词多用 infect 1.After noticing the redness and swelling around the cut on his arm, he realized he needed to see a doctor to check for an . 2.The wound from the dog bite has become (infect). 3. (infect) with the recent flu for two weeks, I am now fully recovered with the help of this medicine. prove 4.She needed solid (prove) of her claims, so she gathered documents and photographs to support her case. 5.In many countries, a driving license is a valid (prove) of identity. 6.There is no conclusive (prove) that creatures from outer space do exist. frustrate 7.They were defeated in the football match, which (frustrate) him. 8.All of them were at the news that they failed the exam. 9.I often got in this job and the constant almost made me quit the job. (frustrate) 题型四、单句语法填空 1．Tan Chenglong employs his expertise in visual communication (handle) the user interface (界面) and user experience design. 2．The fingerprint was a solid (prove) of his presence at the crime scene. 3．The outpouring of joy in China and around the world at the reopening of the Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral is (prove) of the symbolic strength and value that we attach to monuments. 4．Experts have found few people (infect) with the virus owing to the effective prevention. 5．Environmentalists are urging governments (defend) endangered species more effectively. 6．Another was that cholera was caused by an (infectious) from germs in food or water. 7．After graduating from high school, he worked as an (assist) to the general manager in a large company. 8．Albert Einstein, one of history’s greatest physicists, provided mathematical (proof) for his theory of relativity. 9．The scientist presented concrete (prove) to challenge the old theory during the conference. 10． (substance) numbers of people support the reforms. 11．The project required each team to develop a hypothesis (假说), set up an experiment to test the hypothesis, do the (statistic) analysis and present the findings. 12．Though some are (initial) scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. 13．In the end, I had a new scientific interest (pursue). 14．Indeed, when it comes to environmental (transform), we can develop a form of collective " poor memory", and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. 15．It was the professor rather than his assistant that was (blame) for what had happened in the lab. 16．Jacqueline Felice de Almania highlights the (suspect) that women practicing medicine faced. 17．She works as an (assist) to the manager. 18．The situation is becoming (severe) than before. 19．What was the (find) that Snow announced? 20．The trend for Indian film production companies to become partners with western filmmakers (link) to the overall growth of the industry and its patterns as well. 21．The two reports presented (contradict) findings, leaving us confused about the true situation. 22．She walked out of the room, (frustrate) and on the verge of tears, after the harsh criticism from her boss. 23． (mechanic) engineers are involved in a wide range of industries including automotive, aerospace, energy, manufacturing, and robotics. 24．They flew in over the beach, (cast) a huge shadow. 25．Cholera was caused by an (infect) from germs in food or water. 26．The school counselor arranged an (intervene) to help students struggling with stress and anxiety during exam season. 27．More than ten years later, another war (break) out between the USA and Iraq. 28．The lab assistant assisted the researchers (analyze) the data, leading to insightful conclusions. 29．He looks as if he (know) everything in the world. 30．The (gift) architect finally achieved a lot. 题型五、单词拼写 1．Some people (认同) to the belief that technology is making us less intelligent, while others argue that it is simply changing the way we think. 2．The fact that he has helped you is a (证明) of his kindness. 3．She doesn’t (订购) to the newspaper because she feels like reading E-magazines. 4．He was to (责怪) for the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road. 5．If you can’t (处理) the job, I will get somebody else to do it. 6．These shirts are made from 100% (纯的) cotton so they are of high quality. 7．Teachers should be (严厉的) in class to maintain good discipline. 8．Policemen can find the same or similar DNA to track down (嫌疑人) and victims.   9．We need to come up with some (具体的) solutions to address the problem. 10．She refused to （赞同）to society’s definition of success, instead tracing her own path through volunteer work, discovering that true satisfaction comes from giving. 11．They worked as secretaries, or rather, personal (助手). 12．He has employed one of the UK’s top lawyers to (为……辩护) him. 13．There is no concrete (证据) of life on other planets. 14．Snow (同意) to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. 15．These new weapons will make us better able to (防御) against attack. 16．It was through (介入) that the virus finally stopped spreading. 17．A healthy diet and regular exercise may help you resist (感染). 18．Everything the brain sees, hears, or touches has (多种多样的) interpretations. 19．She inherited a (大量的；价值巨大的) fortune from her grandmother, which pulled her through those tough years. 20． (统计资料) show that women live longer than men. 题型六、完成句子 1．你可以在线注册并订阅网络课程。 You could register online and e-learning courses. 2．人们庆祝端午节的原因是为了纪念屈原，一位伟大的中国诗人。(考查从句连词) The reason people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival is they honor Qu Yuan, a great Chinese poet. 3．会议的决定是所有工人每天加班两小时。 The meeting’s decision is . 4．斯特恩让特拉维斯负责研究小组。 Stern put Travis the research team. 5．她这几天情绪低落的原因是听说母亲病了。 The reason she is in low spirits is she has heard about her mother’s illness. 6．从他脸上的表情判断，看起来老板不同意这样的观点。 Judging from the expression on his face, it seemed that the boss didn’t such views. 7．老师让Tom和John努力沟通，彻底地解决他们的争论。 Teacher asked Tom and John to try to communicate with each other and settle their argument . 8．大学毕业后，他对医药科学做出了巨大贡献，但青霉素的发现为他赢得了持久的声誉。（强调句） After graduating from college, he made great contributions to medical science, but . 9．在他们的支持下，这位才华横溢的男孩在伦敦的一所医学院接受了教育。（过去分词短语作状语） , the brilliant boy got educated in a medical school in London. 10．他们的眼睛几乎不动，脸上表情疏远呆滞，好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。 Their eyes barely move, and they always have the same distinct expression on their faces. It is they are asleep with their eyes open. 题型一、语篇语法填空 （2025高二·全国·专题练习）Dr. Arney is a famous scientist. He has explored the impact that humans have had on the 1 (evolution) process of the species in the past decade. From driving species to farm animals to genetic (基因的) engineering and cloning, Arney found 2 impossible to ignore the influence of humans on the planet. 10 years ago Arney chatted with Dr. Helen about the 3 (theme) in her book Life Changing: How have humans changed life on Earth? How have animal species been shaped through genetic engineering so far? From Helen’s own genetically 4 (transform) wolf to swift swallows, he heard about some ways humans had changed the animals around. Dr. Alex, 5 (manage) of the Royal Zoological Society discussed how genetics could be used 6 (understand) species’ changing ways. Arney was involved in Alex’s projects to stop animals from being excessively hunted, which is 7 (terrible) cruel. Last year Armey 8 (meet) Dr. Bill. It’s in Bill’s lab that he carried out the cloning procedure creating Dolly the sheep, the 9 (one) mammal (哺乳动物) from an adult cell in the 1990s. Arney was grateful to many outstanding pioneers, 10 whom he wouldn’t have had such amazing discoveries. 题型二、应用文写作 （24-25高一下·江苏无锡·期中）假定你是李华，校刊英语专栏正在征集一篇短文，题为“我最喜爱的科学家”。请根据以下提示，用英语写一则稿件。内容包括： 1. 介绍一位你最喜爱的科学家； 2. 简述你喜爱该科学家的原因。 注意： 1. 词数：80词左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 My Favorite Scientist ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Science and Scientists重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、一词多用 3 题型四、单句语法填空 5 题型五、单词拼写 6 题型六、完成句子 12 综合攻坚·能力跃升 12 题型一、语篇语法填空 14 题型二、应用文写作 14 题型一、词性转换 1.____________adj.懊恼的,沮丧的;失意的→___________v.使...受挫→ ___________n.沮丧,挫折 2.____________ adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的→____________ n.矛盾 3.____________n.感染;传染→ ____________ adj.传染的→____________ v.使感染;传染 4.____________ vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费);赞同;捐助→ ____________ n.捐献；订阅；订金；签署 5.____________n.证据;证明;检验→____________v.证明 6.____________vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象→____________adj.感觉可疑的;令人怀疑的 7.__________ n.把手;手柄vt.处理;控制,操纵(车辆、动物、工具等); (用手)触、碰 8.____________n.介入;出面;干涉→____________ v. 干扰 打断 9.___________adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→____________v.净化 10.____________ adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的→____________n.物质 11.____________vt.使改观;使改变形态vi.改变;转变→____________n.改革 12.____________n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决→____________ v.发现，发觉；寻找，找到 13.____________adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→____________adv.最初，起初 14.__________adj.爱国的→___________n.爱国主义 15.____________adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的→____________n.机械师;机械修理工 16.____________vt.保卫;防守;辩解→____________n.防御；保护；保卫→____________ adj.防御的；自我保护的 17.____________n.助理;助手→____________ v.协助→____________ n.协助 18.____________ adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→____________n.天赋；礼物 19.____________v.依赖,依靠→____________adj.独立的→____________ n.独立 20.____________adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→____________ adv.稳定地 【答案】 1.frustrated adj.懊恼的,沮丧的;失意的→frustrate v.使...受挫→ frustrating adj.令人沮丧的→ frustration n.沮丧，挫折 2.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的→ contradict v.反驳→ contradiction n.矛盾 3.infection n.感染;传染→ infectious adj.传染的→infect v.使感染;传染 4.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费);赞同;捐助→ subscriber n.订阅者；消费者；用户；捐赠者→ subscription n.捐献；订阅；订金；签署 5.proof n.证据;证明;检验→ prove v.证明 6.suspect vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象→ suspicious adj.感觉可疑的;令人怀疑的 7.handle n.把手;手柄vt.处理;控制,操纵(车辆、动物、工具等); (用手)触、碰 8.intervention n.介入;出面;干涉→intervene v. 干扰 打断 9.pure adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→purify v.净化 10.substantial adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的→substance n.物质 11.transform vt.使改观;使改变形态vi.改变;转变→transformation n.改革 12.finding n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决→find v.发现，发觉；寻找，找到 13.initial adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→initially adv.最初，起初 14.patriotic adj.爱国的→patriotically adv.爱国地→patriotism n.爱国主义 15.mechanical adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的→mechanic n.机械师;机械修理工 16.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解→defence n.防御；保护；保卫→defender n.防御者→defensive adj.防御的；自我保护的 17.assistant n.助理;助手→assist v.协助→assistance n.协助 18.gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→ gift n.天赋；礼物 19.depend v.依赖,依靠→dependent adj.依赖的,依靠的→independent adj.独立的→independence n.独立 20.steady adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→steadily adv.稳定地 题型二、核心短语 1. ____________________ 最终地；彻底地 2.____________________ 总的来说 3. ____________________ 同意；赞同 4. ____________________ 幸亏；由于 5. ____________________ 处理；应对；涉及；与……打交道 6. ____________________ 依靠；信赖；取决于 7. ____________________ 履行；执行 8. ____________________ 平静下来 9. ____________________ 突然开始；爆发 10. ____________________ 主管；掌管 11. ____________________ 患（病）；染上（小病） 12. ____________________ 最重要的是；尤其是 【答案】 1. once and for all 最终地；彻底地 2. in general 总的来说 3. subscribe to 同意；赞同 4. thanks to 幸亏；由于 5. deal with 处理；应对；涉及；与……打交道 6. depend on/upon 依靠；信赖；取决于 7. carry out 履行；执行 8. calm down 平静下来 9. break out 突然开始；爆发 10. in charge of 主管；掌管 11. come down 患（病）；染上（小病） 12. above all 最重要的是；尤其是 题型三、一词多用 infect 1.After noticing the redness and swelling around the cut on his arm, he realized he needed to see a doctor to check for an . 2.The wound from the dog bite has become (infect). 3. (infect) with the recent flu for two weeks, I am now fully recovered with the help of this medicine. prove 4.She needed solid (prove) of her claims, so she gathered documents and photographs to support her case. 5.In many countries, a driving license is a valid (prove) of identity. 6.There is no conclusive (prove) that creatures from outer space do exist. frustrate 7.They were defeated in the football match, which (frustrate) him. 8.All of them were at the news that they failed the exam. 9.I often got in this job and the constant almost made me quit the job. (frustrate) 【答案】 1．infection 【详解】考查名词。句意：在注意到手臂上的红肿之后，他意识到自己需要去看医生检查是否感染。根据句意和所给词“infect”的提示，空处应填入名词形式infection“感染”，作为介词for的宾语。根据不定冠词an可知，用名词的单数形式。故填infection。 2．infected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：狗咬伤的伤口已经感染了。本句谓语为has become，此处为非谓语动词，The wound与infect“传染，使感染”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作表语。故填infected。 3．Having been infected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我最近感染了两周的流感，在这种药的帮助下，我现在完全康复了。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语动词，infect“感染”的动作完成后，谓语动作才发生，固定短语be infected with表示“被感染”，infect和I逻辑上是被动关系，空处应用infect的现在分词完成式的被动语态，作句子的时间状语，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Having been infected。 4．proof 【详解】考查名词。句意：她需要对她的主张有确凿的证明，所以她收集了文件和照片来支持她的主张。根据“needed solid”可知，本空需填入名词作句子宾语。所给词“prove”的名词形式是“proof”，意思是“证据”。故填proof。 5. proof 【详解】考查名词。句意：在许多国家，驾驶执照是有效的身份证明。此处应用名词proof作表语，由a可知，应用单数，故填proof。 6．proof 【详解】考查名词。句意：没有确凿的证据表明外太空生物确实存在。作主语，应用名词proof，根据上文is可知为单数。故填proof。 7．frustrated 【详解】考查时态。句意：他们在足球比赛中被打败了，这让他感到沮丧。空格处为定语从句的谓语动词。根据主句的were defeated可知，本句话陈述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。故填frustrated。 8． frustrated frustrating 【详解】考查形容词。句意：听到考试不及格的令人沮丧的消息，他们都很沮丧。第一空表示“感到沮丧的”，用形容词frustrated，作表语。第二空表示“令人沮丧的”，用形容词frustrating，作前置定语，修饰名词news。故填①frustrated；②frustrating。 9． frustrated frustration 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：我经常对这份工作感到挫败，这种持续的挫败几乎让我辞职。此处作表语应用形容词frustrated表示“感到挫败的”，作主语应用名词frustration表示“挫败”。故填①frustrated②frustration。 题型四、单句语法填空 1．Tan Chenglong employs his expertise in visual communication (handle) the user interface (界面) and user experience design. 2．The fingerprint was a solid (prove) of his presence at the crime scene. 3．The outpouring of joy in China and around the world at the reopening of the Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral is (prove) of the symbolic strength and value that we attach to monuments. 4．Experts have found few people (infect) with the virus owing to the effective prevention. 5．Environmentalists are urging governments (defend) endangered species more effectively. 6．Another was that cholera was caused by an (infectious) from germs in food or water. 7．After graduating from high school, he worked as an (assist) to the general manager in a large company. 8．Albert Einstein, one of history’s greatest physicists, provided mathematical (proof) for his theory of relativity. 9．The scientist presented concrete (prove) to challenge the old theory during the conference. 10． (substance) numbers of people support the reforms. 11．The project required each team to develop a hypothesis (假说), set up an experiment to test the hypothesis, do the (statistic) analysis and present the findings. 12．Though some are (initial) scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. 13．In the end, I had a new scientific interest (pursue). 14．Indeed, when it comes to environmental (transform), we can develop a form of collective " poor memory", and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. 15．It was the professor rather than his assistant that was (blame) for what had happened in the lab. 16．Jacqueline Felice de Almania highlights the (suspect) that women practicing medicine faced. 17．She works as an (assist) to the manager. 18．The situation is becoming (severe) than before. 19．What was the (find) that Snow announced? 20．The trend for Indian film production companies to become partners with western filmmakers (link) to the overall growth of the industry and its patterns as well. 21．The two reports presented (contradict) findings, leaving us confused about the true situation. 22．She walked out of the room, (frustrate) and on the verge of tears, after the harsh criticism from her boss. 23． (mechanic) engineers are involved in a wide range of industries including automotive, aerospace, energy, manufacturing, and robotics. 24．They flew in over the beach, (cast) a huge shadow. 25．Cholera was caused by an (infect) from germs in food or water. 26．The school counselor arranged an (intervene) to help students struggling with stress and anxiety during exam season. 27．More than ten years later, another war (break) out between the USA and Iraq. 28．The lab assistant assisted the researchers (analyze) the data, leading to insightful conclusions. 29．He looks as if he (know) everything in the world. 30．The (gift) architect finally achieved a lot. 【答案】 1．to handle 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：谭成龙利用他在视觉通信方面的专业知识来处理用户界面和用户体验设计。本句谓语为employs，此处为非谓语动词，此处表示目的，应用handle“处理”的不定式作目的状语。故填to handle。 2．proof 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个指纹无疑证明了他确实在犯罪现场。根据空格前的was a solid可知，空格处应该用单数名词proof作表语。故填proof。 3．proof 【详解】考查名词。句意：巴黎圣母院重新开放在中国和世界各地引发的喜悦，证明了我们赋予纪念碑的象征力量和价值。空处应填名词作表语，proof“证据”，名词，用作不可数名词，故填proof。 4．infected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于有效的预防措施，专家们发现很少有人感染这种病毒。此处为“find + 宾语 + 宾补”结构，宾语few people与动词infect“感染”之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作宾补。故填infected。 5．to defend 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：环保主义者敦促政府更有效地保护濒危物种。此处为不定式作宾语补足语，urge sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“敦促某人做某事”，符合语境。故填to defend。 6．infection 【详解】考查名词。句意：另一种说法是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。an后接名词infection“传染病，感染”作by宾语，冠词an提示用名词单数形式。故填infection。 7．assistant 【详解】考查名词。句意：高中毕业后，他在一家大公司担任总经理助理。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作介词后宾语，assistant，表“助理；助手”，为可数名词，且由空前an可知，这里应用单数形式。故填assistant。 8．proofs 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：吉尔伯特·爱因斯坦，历史上最伟大的物理学家之一，为他的相对论提供了数学证明。空格处需要一个名词作宾语。proof为“证明，证据”之意，在表示具体的证据材料时，可作为可数名词。相对论是个复杂的理论，这里要表达的应是他提供了多个数学证明，来支持其理论。应使用它的复数形式，为规则变化，在词尾加s。故填proofs。 9．proof 【详解】考查名词。句意：那位科学家在会议上提出了具体的证据来挑战旧理论。根据空前的形容词concrete可知，空处应填名词作动词presented的宾语，prove是动词，意为“证明；证实”，其名词形式为proof，意为“证据；证明”，是不可数名词，故填proof。 10．Substantial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：大量的人支持改革。此处为形容词作定语，修饰名词，substance的形容词为substantial意为“大量的”符合句意，首字母大写。故填Substantial。 11．statistical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：该项目要求每个团队提出一个假设，建立一个实验来验证假设，进行统计分析并展示结果。空处修饰名词analysis，应填形容词作定语，故填statistical。 12．initially 【详解】考查副词。句意：虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。空格处修饰形容词scared，应用副词initially，意为“开始，最初”。故填initially。 13．to pursue 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，我有了一个新的科学兴趣去追求。此处是have sth to do结构，表示“有某事要……”，动词不定式作后置定语，故填to pursue。 14．transformations 【详解】考查名词。句意：确实，在环境变化方面，我们可能会形成一种集体的“健忘症”，每一代新人都可能认为他们所遇到的状况是再正常不过的。根据句意和空格前的comes to可知，空格处应该用名词transformation“变化”，作宾语，可数名词，前无限定词，应用复数形式，表示泛指。故填transformations。 15．to blame 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：是教授而不是他的助手应为实验室里发生的事情负责。be to blame“应受责备”用主动表被动，故填to blame。 16．suspicion 【详解】考查名词。句意：杰奎琳・费利斯・德・阿尔马尼亚强调了行医的女性所面临的猜疑。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，suspect的名词形式为 suspicion，意为“猜疑；怀疑”，此处表示抽象意义，为不可数名词。故填suspicion。 17．assistant 【详解】考查名词。句意：她做经理的助理。短语work as意为“担任；以……身份而工作”，设空处应填名词作介词as的宾语，空前有不定冠词an，故为单数形式的名词。assist为动词，其名词形式assistant，意为“助理，助手”。故填assistant。 18．more severe 【详解】考查形容词。句意：情况变得比以前更加严重。作表语，应用形容词，根据“than”可知，应用比较级，severe为多音节形容词，要在其前面加上more构成比较级。故填more severe。 19．finding 【详解】考查名词。句意：斯诺宣布的发现是什么？作主语，表示“发现”应用名词finding，故填finding。 20．is linked 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：印度电影制作公司与西方电影制作人成为合作伙伴的趋势，也与该行业的整体增长及其模式有关。空格处需要填入谓语动词，此处描述的是一种趋势或者状态，所以应该使用一般现在时；主语The trend是单数，且与link之间为被动关系，所以需要使用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用is。故填is linked。 21．contradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这两份报告提出了相互矛盾的结论，使我们对真实情况感到困惑。修饰名词findings，应用形容词contradictory，作定语。故填contradictory。 22． frustrated 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在受到老板的严厉批评后，她沮丧地走出房间，并且快要哭了。空处与and后介词短语on the verge of tears并列，在句中作状语， 应用形容词frustrated“沮丧的”，描述主语的状态。故填frustrated。 23．Mechanical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：机械工程师参与了包括汽车、航空航天、能源、制造和机器人在内的广泛行业。空处需填形容词mechanical，修饰名词engineers，表示“机械的”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Mechanical。 24．casting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们飞到海滩上空，投下一大片阴影。句子已有谓语动词flew，动词cast“投射”用作非谓语形式，描述伴随状况，与逻辑主语They是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式casting作状语。故填casting。 25．infection 【详解】考查名词。句意：霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。空处作by的宾语，空前有冠词an，应用infect的名词形式infection，意为“感染”。故填infection。 26．intervention 【详解】考查名词。句意：学校辅导员安排了一项干预措施，帮助学生在考试季节与压力和焦虑作斗争。an后跟名词的单数形式，句子表示“学校辅导员安排了一项干预措施，帮助学生在考试季节与压力和焦虑作斗争”，空格处意为“干预”，名词是intervention。故填intervention。 27．broke 【详解】考查时态。句意：十多年后，美国和伊拉克之间爆发了另一场战争。空格处是句子的谓语动词，“More than ten years later(十多年后)”表明是过去的时间，所以句子时态用一般过去时，break的过去式是broke。故填broke。 28．in analyzing/to analyze 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：实验室助理协助研究人员分析数据，得出了深刻的结论。assist sb to do sth或者assist sb in doing sth为固定短语，意为“帮助某人做某事”，可以使用动名词置于介词in之后作宾语，也可以使用不定式结构。故填in analyzing或to analyze。 29．knew 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他看起来好像无所不知。分析句意可知，此处是虚拟语气在as if从句中的应用，再根据looks可知，主句时态为一般现在时，所以从句中用一般过去时来表示与现在事实相反，即空格处用提示词的过去式形式。故填knew。 30．gifted 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位天才的建筑师最终取得了很大的成就。根据“architect”可知，空处需填形容词作定语，gifted作形容词，表示“有天赋的”，符合句意。故填gifted。 题型五、单词拼写 1．Some people (认同) to the belief that technology is making us less intelligent, while others argue that it is simply changing the way we think. 2．The fact that he has helped you is a (证明) of his kindness. 3．She doesn’t (订购) to the newspaper because she feels like reading E-magazines. 4．He was to (责怪) for the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road. 5．If you can’t (处理) the job, I will get somebody else to do it. 6．These shirts are made from 100% (纯的) cotton so they are of high quality. 7．Teachers should be (严厉的) in class to maintain good discipline. 8．Policemen can find the same or similar DNA to track down (嫌疑人) and victims.   9．We need to come up with some (具体的) solutions to address the problem. 10．She refused to （赞同）to society’s definition of success, instead tracing her own path through volunteer work, discovering that true satisfaction comes from giving. 11．They worked as secretaries, or rather, personal (助手). 12．He has employed one of the UK’s top lawyers to (为……辩护) him. 13．There is no concrete (证据) of life on other planets. 14．Snow (同意) to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. 15．These new weapons will make us better able to (防御) against attack. 16．It was through (介入) that the virus finally stopped spreading. 17．A healthy diet and regular exercise may help you resist (感染). 18．Everything the brain sees, hears, or touches has (多种多样的) interpretations. 19．She inherited a (大量的；价值巨大的) fortune from her grandmother, which pulled her through those tough years. 20． (统计资料) show that women live longer than men. 【答案】 1．subscribe 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：一些人认同技术正在使我们变得不那么聪明的观点，而另一些人则认为它只是在改变我们的思维方式。根据汉语提示可知，表示“认同”应为动词subscribe，subscribe to“认同，赞同”为固定短语；根据句意和空后的while others argue可知，此处描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语Some people为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填subscribe。 2．proof 【详解】考查名词。句意：他帮助过你这一事实就是他善良的证明。proof在句子中作表语，空前有不定冠词“a”，故用名词单数形式。故填proof。 3．subscribe 【详解】考查动词。句意：她不订阅那份报纸，因为她想要阅读电子杂志。根据汉语提示可知用动词subscribe，此处为否定陈述句，在助动词doesn’t后应填原形。故填subscribe。 4．blame 【详解】考查动词。句意：他应为这次事故负责，因为他把车开错了路。表示“责怪”使用动词blame，使用动词原形和前面的to构成动词不定式，be to blame (应受谴责)。故填blame。 5．handle/tackle 【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你无法处理这项工作，我会找其他人来做。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入动词原形，与情态动词can’t构成谓语结构。“处理”对应的常用动词有handle“处理、应对”和tackle“解决、应对难题”。故填handle /tackle。 6．pure 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些衬衫是100%纯棉的，所以质量很高。表示“纯的”使用形容词pure，在句中作定语，修饰名词cotton。故填pure。 7．strict/severe 【详解】考查形容词。句意：老师在课堂上应该严厉以维持良好的纪律。根据句子结构和汉语提示“严厉的”可知，空处应填形容词strict或severe，作表语。故填strict/severe。 8．suspects 【详解】考查名词。句意：警察可以找到相同或相似的DNA来追踪嫌疑人和受害者。“嫌疑人”作宾语，用名词suspect，根据并列宾语victims可推知，不是特指某一个嫌疑人或者受害者，要用复数形式表泛指。故填suspects。 9．concrete/specific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们需要提出一些具体的解决方案来解决这个问题。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词concrete/specific，修饰名词solutions，作定语。故填concrete或specific。 10．subscribe 【详解】考查动词。句意：她拒绝赞同社会对成功的定义，而是通过志愿工作追寻自己的道路，发现真正的满足感来自给予。根据首字母“s”以及汉语提示“赞同”可知，此处应填动词subscribe，subscribe to为固定短语，意为“赞同；支持”，refuse to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“拒绝做某事”，to后接动词原形。故填subscribe。 11．assistants 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们的工作是秘书，或者更确切地说，是私人助理。形容词personal后接名词形式，在句中作宾语。名词“助手”英文为assistant，表示泛指，前面无冠词应用复数形式。根据汉语提示及句意，故填assistants。 12．defend 【详解】考查动词。句意：他聘请了一位英国顶级律师为他辩护。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处应用动词defend，空前的to是不定式符号，所以空处应填动词原形。故填defend。 13．proof/evidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：没有其他行星上存在生命的具体证据。根据汉语提示“证据”可知，空格处涉及单词“proof”或“evidence”，意为“证据”，为不可数名词，作主语。故填proof/evidence。 14．subscribed 【详解】考查动词和一般过去时。句意：Snow赞同第二种理论。这是正确的，但他还需要证据。分析句子结构可知，Snow是主语，空处填动词作谓语动词；根据句意，subscribe意为“赞同”，可与to搭配，表示“认同、支持某种观点或主张”；再根据空后的was和needed可知，此处用一般过去时。故填subscribed。 15．defend 【详解】考查动词。句意：这些新武器将使我们更有能力抵御攻击。根据汉语提示“防御”可知，此处应用动词defend，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。故填defend。 16．intervention 【详解】考查名词。句意：正是通过干预，病毒才最终停止了传播。设空处使用名词作宾语，表示“介入”用intervention。故填intervention。 17．infection 【详解】考查名词。句意：健康的饮食和定期锻炼可以帮助你抵抗感染。空处作resist的宾语，应用名词，结合汉语提示，表示“感染”应用infection，为不可数名词。故填infection。 18．multiple 【详解】考查形容词。句意：大脑看到的、听到的或触摸到的一切都有多种多样的解释。此处为形容词作定语，根据提示的汉语，表示“多种多样的”应为multiple修饰名词interpretations。故填multiple。 19．substantial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她从祖母那里继承了一笔价值巨大的财富，这帮助她度过了那些艰难的岁月。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词substantial，修饰名词fortune，作定语。故填substantial。 20．Statistics 【详解】考查名词。句意：统计数据显示，女性的寿命比男性长。根据汉语提示可知，使用名词statistic作主语，零冠词可数名词复数表泛指。位于句首，故填Statistics。 题型六、完成句子 1．你可以在线注册并订阅网络课程。 You could register online and e-learning courses. 2．人们庆祝端午节的原因是为了纪念屈原，一位伟大的中国诗人。(考查从句连词) The reason people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival is they honor Qu Yuan, a great Chinese poet. 3．会议的决定是所有工人每天加班两小时。 The meeting’s decision is . 4．斯特恩让特拉维斯负责研究小组。 Stern put Travis the research team. 5．她这几天情绪低落的原因是听说母亲病了。 The reason she is in low spirits is she has heard about her mother’s illness. 6．从他脸上的表情判断，看起来老板不同意这样的观点。 Judging from the expression on his face, it seemed that the boss didn’t such views. 7．老师让Tom和John努力沟通，彻底地解决他们的争论。 Teacher asked Tom and John to try to communicate with each other and settle their argument . 8．大学毕业后，他对医药科学做出了巨大贡献，但青霉素的发现为他赢得了持久的声誉。（强调句） After graduating from college, he made great contributions to medical science, but . 9．在他们的支持下，这位才华横溢的男孩在伦敦的一所医学院接受了教育。（过去分词短语作状语） , the brilliant boy got educated in a medical school in London. 10．他们的眼睛几乎不动，脸上表情疏远呆滞，好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。 Their eyes barely move, and they always have the same distinct expression on their faces. It is they are asleep with their eyes open. 【答案】 1．subscribe to 【详解】考查固定短语。根据汉语提示可知，此处表示“订阅”，应用固定短语“subscribe to”，且空处与“register”为并列的谓语动词，位于情态动词“could”之后，应用动词原形。故填subscribe to。 2． why that 【详解】考查从句连词。第一空引导定语从句，The reason是先行词，从句中缺少原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导定语从句。第二空引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用that引导该表语从句。故填①why；②that。 3．that all the workers shall work another 2 hours 【详解】考查表语从句。“所有工人每天加班两小时”处理为表语从句，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，用that引导，“所有工人每天加班两小时”表述为“all the workers shall work another 2 hours” ，shall 用于第三人称表示规定、命令等。故填 that all the workers shall work another 2 hours。 4． in charge of 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：斯特恩让特拉维斯负责研究小组。根据汉语意思“让某人负责……”，可知应填入固定短语put sb. in charge of。故填①in②charge③of。 5． why that 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。第一空引导定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导；第二空引导表语从句，从句结构、意义完整，应填that。The reason why...is that...“……的原因是……”，故填①why②that。 6． subscribe to 【详解】考查固定短语。中英文比对可知，空处应填“同意”，可用动词短语subscribe to，助动词didn’t后应用动词原形。故填①subscribe；②to。 7． once and for all 【详解】考查固定短语。根据汉语提示，表示“彻底地”用固定短语once and for all，作状语。故填once and for all。 8．it was his discovery of penicillin that earned him a lasting reputation 【详解】考查强调句型。“青霉素的发现”译为his discovery of penicillin，“为某人赢得某物”使用动词短语earn sb sth，“持久的声誉”译为a lasting reputation，空处是强调句型“it is/was+被强调部分+that/who(被强调部分是人时可用who)+其他”，本句中被强调部分是主语his discovery of penicillin，结合前面的made可知句子是一般过去时，故填it was his discovery of penicillin that earned him a lasting reputation。 9．Supported by them 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“支持”用动词support表示；动词support与句子的主语the brilliant boy之间是被动关系，所以，空格处应该用过去分词作状语，同时用介词by引出动作的执行者“他们(them)”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Supported by them。 10．as though 【详解】考查连词。“they are asleep with their eyes open”是表语从句，结合汉语意思“好像”可知，可用从属连词as though引导表语从句。故填as though。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （2025高二·全国·专题练习）Dr. Arney is a famous scientist. He has explored the impact that humans have had on the 1 (evolution) process of the species in the past decade. From driving species to farm animals to genetic (基因的) engineering and cloning, Arney found 2 impossible to ignore the influence of humans on the planet. 10 years ago Arney chatted with Dr. Helen about the 3 (theme) in her book Life Changing: How have humans changed life on Earth? How have animal species been shaped through genetic engineering so far? From Helen’s own genetically 4 (transform) wolf to swift swallows, he heard about some ways humans had changed the animals around. Dr. Alex, 5 (manage) of the Royal Zoological Society discussed how genetics could be used 6 (understand) species’ changing ways. Arney was involved in Alex’s projects to stop animals from being excessively hunted, which is 7 (terrible) cruel. Last year Armey 8 (meet) Dr. Bill. It’s in Bill’s lab that he carried out the cloning procedure creating Dolly the sheep, the 9 (one) mammal (哺乳动物) from an adult cell in the 1990s. Arney was grateful to many outstanding pioneers, 10 whom he wouldn’t have had such amazing discoveries. 【答案】 1．evolutionary 2．it 3．themes 4．transformed 5．manager 6．to understand 7．terribly 8．met 9．first 10．without 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Arney博士研究人类对物种的进化过程的影响。 1．考查形容词。句意：在过去的十年里，他探索了人类对物种进化过程产生的影响。process是名词，前面需要用形容词来修饰，evolution是名词，其形容词形式是evolutionary，表示“进化的”。故填evolutionary。 2．考查代词。句意：从将物种驯化为家畜到基因工程和克隆技术，Arney发现忽视人类对地球的影响是不可能的。“find it + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定结构，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式“to ignore the influence of humans on the planet”。故填it。 3．考查名词复数。句意：10年前，Arney和Helen博士聊了她的书《改变生活：人类如何改变了地球上的生命？》中的主题。根据后文提到书中有关于人类如何改变地球生命以及动物物种如何通过基因工程被塑造等多个方面的内容，可知这里的主题不止一个，theme是可数名词，要用复数形式。故填themes。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：从Helen自己经过基因改造的狼到敏捷的燕子，他了解到了人类改变周围动物的一些方式。空格处需要用非谓语动词作定语，修饰后面的名词wolf，名词wolf和动词transform之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填transformed。 5．考查名词。句意：皇家动物学会的负责人亚历克斯博士探讨了如何利用遗传学来理解物种的演化方式。空格处与空格前的Dr. Alex是同位语关系，这里需要一个表示身份的名词，manage是动词，其名词形式manager表示“管理者”。故填manager。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：皇家动物学会的负责人亚历克斯博士探讨了如何利用遗传学来理解物种的演化方式。“be used to do sth.”是固定用法，表示“被用来做某事”，这里表示遗传学被用来了解物种的变化方式。故填to understand。 7．考查副词。句意：Arney参与了Alex阻止动物被过度捕猎的项目，这种行为极其残忍。cruel是形容词，需要用副词来修饰，terrible是形容词，其副词形式是terribly，表示“极其，非常”。terribly cruel强调捕猎行为的残忍程度。故填terribly。 8．考查动词时态。句意：去年，Arney见到了Bill博士。空格处是句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语Last year可知，该动作发生在过去，要用一般过去时，meet的过去式是met。故填met。 9．考查序数词。句意：正是在Bill的实验室里，他进行了克隆程序，创造出了多莉羊，它是20世纪90年代第一只用成年细胞克隆的哺乳动物。根据语境，这里强调多莉羊是第一只用成年细胞克隆的哺乳动物，one的序数词是first， “the first”表示顺序，符合文意。故填first。 10．考查介词。句意：Arney感激许多杰出的先驱，没有他们，他就不会有如此惊人的发现。根据句意和空格后的whom可知，空格处应该填入一个介词，构成“介词+关系代词”引导的非限定性定语从句，介词的意义为“没有”，所以用介词without。故填without。 题型二、应用文写作 （24-25高一下·江苏无锡·期中）假定你是李华，校刊英语专栏正在征集一篇短文，题为“我最喜爱的科学家”。请根据以下提示，用英语写一则稿件。内容包括： 1. 介绍一位你最喜爱的科学家； 2. 简述你喜爱该科学家的原因。 注意： 1. 词数：80词左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 My Favorite Scientist ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 My Favorite Scientist My favorite scientist is Yuan Longping, a world-famous agricultural scientist. He is known as the ‌“Father of Hybrid Rice”. I love him because his research has made a great contribution to solving the problem of food shortage in the world. With his hard work, the yield of rice has been greatly increased. His spirit of dedication and perseverance always inspires me to pursue my dreams. Yuan Longping is not only a great scientist but also a hero in my heart. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英语写一则稿件，介绍一位自己最喜爱的科学家，并简述喜爱该科学家的原因。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 世界著名的：world-famous → world-renowned 解决：solve → tackle/settle 奉献：dedication → devotion 追求：pursue → go after 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：My favorite scientist is Yuan Longping, a world-famous agricultural scientist. 拓展句：My favorite scientist is Yuan Longping, who is a world-famous agricultural scientist. 【点睛】[高分句型 1] I love him because his research has made a great contribution to solving the problem of food shortage in the world. (运用了从属连词 because引导的原因状语从句) [高分句型 2] Yuan Longping is not only a great scientist but also a hero in my heart.(运用了“not only...but also...”连接并列结构) 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$