专题05 阅读理解（说明文）（天津专用）-【好题汇编】2025年高考英语一模试题分类汇编

专题05 阅读理解（说明文） （一） （2025年天津市河北区一模） A recent study published in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science offers new findings into why people take different types of photos. The research reveals that individuals use first-person photography — capturing a scene from their own perspective — primarily to document a physical experience. In contrast, they opt for third-person photos, such as selfies where they are visible in the frame, to convey the deeper meaning of an event and to immerse viewers in the scene. This distinction is crucial for understanding the psychology behind photo-taking. Earlier studies on selfies primarily focused on how individuals present themselves to others, often emphasizing the role of self-image and social media. However, this new research shifts the focus to why people capture memories, emphasizing the different goals behind their photo-taking choices. According to Zachary Niese, a psychologist at the University of Tübingen in Germany and co-author of the study, “Our findings show that people take both types of photos in different situations, depending on whether their goal is to capture the physical experience of the moment or its broader significance in their life.” The study, which included six experiments with over 2,100 participants, found that when the goal is to capture meaning, individuals are more likely to take selfies. They also tend to find greater meaning in third-person photos than in first-person ones. This suggests that the chosen perspective can significantly affect how meaningful a photo feels to the viewer. Interestingly, people tend to prefer their photos when the perspective aligns (使成一排) with their initial purpose for taking them. Niese adds, “Although taking photos is often ridiculed in popular culture, personal photography can help individuals reconnect with past experiences and shape their self-narratives.” The researchers caution against assuming that one perspective is inherently better than the other. Instead, the most effective choice depends on the individual’s goal at the moment — whether it’s to capture a physical experience, like touring a museum, or the deeper meaning of an event, such as a wedding or graduation. This study emphasises the complex relationship between photography and personal memory, showing how our intentions shape the way we document and revisit our experiences. By recognising the different purposes of photo-taking, we can better appreciate photography’s role in our lives — as both a form of self-expression and a tool for preserving memories. 1．What does the new research focus on? A．The psychology of photo-taking choices. B．The advantages of first-person photography. C．The cultural factors influencing photo choices. D．The way people record their memories through photos. 2．According to Niese, why do people primarily take personal photos? A．To capture the feeling of the moment. B．To boost people’s self-confidence. C．To enhance one’s public image. D．To document everyday life. 3．What does the research suggest about the impact of different perspectives? A．Perspectives are determined by the scene. B．Perspectives depend on the individual’s objective. C．Perspectives have little effect on the photo’s meaning. D．Perspectives are always more effective in first-person photos. 4．Why does the author mention “a wedding or graduation” in Paragraph 4? A．To highlight the popularity of selfies. B．To criticize third-person photos at important events. C．To suggest first-person photos are unsuitable for such events. D．To explain why third-person photos convey significant moments. 5．What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph? A．Photo-taking purpose shapes its value. B．Photography captures physical experiences. C．Photo-taking is mainly for self-presentation. D．Photography has little effect on memory recall. （二） （2025年天津市宁河区芦台第一中学一模） From the beginning of film, moviemakers have experimented with special effects. The earliest and simplest involved stopping the camera, replacing an actor with a dummy, then starting the camera again and allowing the character on screen to meet an apparently unpleasant fate. Later, animation, models and puppets (木偶) were used to bring monsters and spaceships to life on our screens, before computer graphics, laborious and expensive, enabled more realistic and complicated visual effects to be produced. Generative artificial intelligence (AI), broke the ground then. First demonstrated with not deadly still images, AI could generate amazing visuals from text descriptions. Ask for a tap-dancing cat on a tight rope tied between two skyscrapers and, within an instant, you’d get an image depicting exactly that. New AI-powered tools also enable images and footage (一组镜头) to be rapidly edited. They let you change a character’s clothing without you needing to reshoot the scene, or remove something in the background you don’t like, or even change an actor’s expression or their age. Thus, AI technologies generate realistic avatars that can perfectly mimic real-life actors or create entirely fictional, yet totally convincing characters complete with movement and voice. Some writers and actors object to the use of generative AI in film and television. Their objections were about more than AI putting skilled people out of work, though. AI is trained on existing content and the people who own the copyright on it won’t be pleased if the AI uses their content as training data. But, creatively speaking, the nature of its training means AI can’t come up with much that’s original or novel. Given all this, it’s hard to say how AI will change the film industry over the long term with any great degree of certainty, except that with visual element easily and cheaply produced, special effects become less ‘special’ in the immediate future. Plus, the current limitations of their training mean there’ll be strange inaccuracies that make it too unpleasant, even annoying to place AI center stage without extensive editing work. But used appropriately, as just another postproduction tool, perhaps AI could enable a return to what matters most to make memorable movies: thrilling performances from actors, beautifully imagined scenes and amazing narratives. 1．Why were special effects used initially? A．To reduce the risks of the performers. B．To make the actor meet unpleasant fate. C．To allow the camera to stop and start. D．To create monsters and spaceships. 2．What is the disadvantage of movie-quality computer graphic before AI? A．Lack of application. B．Bad visual experience. C．Public objection. D．Costs consuming. 3．What is the main reason for writers and actors to object to the use of AI? A．It results in much unemployment. B．It is harmful to their copyrights. C．It is inaccurate in performing. D．It involves complicated technology. 4．From the passage, we can learn that ______. A．AI plays the key role in creating fine movies. B．Employment in movie industry will stay steady. C．AI can’t create innovative visual effects independently. D．Large amounts of editing work advocate special effects in movies. 5．What, in the author’s opinion, is the best role that AI should play? A．An aid that improves actors’ performing. B．A complement to traditional movie production. C．An economical tool that upsets moving making. D．A central stage tool that helps movie industry. （三） （2025年天津市十二区重点学校一模） Teen brains aged faster than normal from stress by at least three years, a study has found. The study, published in Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science, was the first to compare examinations of the physical structures of teenagers’ brains from before and after the stress started, and to document significant differences. Researchers knew teens had higher levels of depression, anxiety and fearfulness than before the stress. But we knew nothing about the effects on their brains. The researchers found growth in brain areas that control access to some memories and help control fear, stress and other emotions. Premature (过早的) aging of kids’ brains isn’t a positive development. Their stressful childhood experiences not only make people easier to suffer from depression, anxiety and other mental illnesses, but they can raise the risk of cancer, heart disease and other long-term negative outcomes. The scientists tried to make out how the stress itself may have impacted the physical structure of the children’s brains and their mental health. They matched pairs of children with the same age, gender and stress. “That allowed us to compare 16-year-olds before the stress with different 16-year-olds assessed after the stress,” said Ian Gotlib, a psychology professor at Stanford University. To determine the brain age of their samples, the researchers fed their brain examinations into a machine-learning model for predicting brain age developed by the ENIGMA-Brain Age working group, a co-operation among scientists who share their brain image data sets. They also appraised mental health outcomes reported by the matched pairs. They found more severe symptoms of anxiety, depression and internalizing (内在化的) problems in the group that had experienced the stress. Dan Siegel, clinical professor of psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine, noted that many individuals experience post-traumatic (创伤后的) growth after a stressful experience. “This is a useful initial study,” agreed David Fassler, clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Vermont. “I expect the results will inform the design of future research initiatives.” 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Researchers had a good knowledge of aging. B．Stress greatly influenced teenagers’ brains. C．Brain growth improved teenagers’ happiness. D．Bad memories resulted in negative emotions. 2．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The positive development of teenage brains. B．The stressful childhood experience of teenagers. C．The impact of premature aging of kids’ brains. D．The mental illness that teenagers suffer. 3．Why was the machine-learning model developed? A．To satisfy the need of the market. B．To analyze the brain age of samples. C．To predict mental health outcomes. D．To solve internalizing problems. 4．What’s probably the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 5? A．behaved B．complained C．objected D．evaluated 5．What was David Fassler’s attitude to the study? A．Favorable. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. （四） （2025年天津市河西区一模） Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) (脑-机接口) are no longer just a concept from science-fiction novels. They are rapidly evolving technologies that establish a direct communication pathway between the human brain and external devices. By detecting and interpreting the electrical signals generated by the brain, BCIs hold the potential to revolutionize various aspects of our lives. At the core of BCIs is the ability to measure brain activity. Electroencephalography(EEG) (脑电波) is one of the most commonly used methods. EEG devices consist of electrodes placed on the scalp, which pick up the tiny electrical signals produced by neurons in the brain. These signals can be classified into different types, such as alpha, beta, theta, and gamma waves, each associated with specific mental states like relaxation, concentration, or sleep. One of the most promising applications of BCIs is in the field of healthcare. For patients with severe motor disabilities, such as those suffering from spinal cord injuries or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) (肌萎缩侧索硬化), BCIs offer a new way to communicate and interact with the world. By simply thinking about a movement, patients can control external devices like robotic arms or wheelchairs, restoring a degree of independence that was previously out of reach. In the field of gaming and entertainment, BCIs are also making waves. Imagine being able to control a character in a video game just by thinking about the actions you want it to perform. This not only provides a more immersive gaming experience but also opens up new possibilities for game developers to create innovative gameplay mechanics. However, the development and widespread adoption of BCIs are not without challenges. One major difficulty is the complexity of interpreting brain signals accurately. The human brain is an incredibly complex organ, and the electrical signals it generates can be influenced by a variety of factors, including emotions, tiredness, and individual differences. Another challenge is the issue of privacy and security. Since BCIs collect highly personal and sensitive information about a person’s brain activity, protecting this data from unauthorized access becomes crucial. Despite these challenges, researchers around the world are actively working to overcome them. New algorithms are being developed to improve the accuracy of signal interpretation, and strict security protocols (协议) are carried out to safeguard user data. As technology continues to advance, it is likely that BCIs will become more accessible, reliable, and user-friendly in the near future. In conclusion, BCIs represent a concentration of neuroscience and technology. With their potential to transform healthcare, gaming, and many other fields, BCIs are set to play a significant role in shaping the future. 1．How do EEG devices measure brain activity in BCIs? A．By analyzing the chemical composition of neurons. B．Through electrodes placed on the scalp to pick up electrical signals. C．By monitoring the blood flow in the brain. D．Through sensors implanted in the brain to detect neural impulses. 2．In which field can BCIs help patients with severe motor disabilities regain some independence? A．Healthcare. B．Education. C．Manufacturing. D．Transportation. 3．What is one of the challenges in the development of BCIs? A．The inability to detect brain signals. B．The high cost of manufacturing EEG devices. C．Difficulty in accurately interpreting complex brain signals. D．Lack of interest from the scientific community. 4．It can be inferred from the passage that in the future, BCIs will ______. A．remain the technology only used in specific research labs B．encounter even more unconquerable challenges C．be widely used in various aspects of life after overcoming challenges D．replace traditional input devices completely 5．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To discuss the moral issues related to BCIs. B．To compare different types of BCIs. C．To persuade readers to support BCI research. D．To introduce the concept, applications, and challenges of BCIs. （五） （2025年天津市南开区一模） DeepSeek is a Chinese artificial intelligence company based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. Established in 2023, DeepSeek develops open-source large language models (LLMs). The company is owned and funded by Liang Wenfeng, a Chinese businessman who is DeepSeek’s CEO. DeepSeek released its RI LLM (Large Language Model) on January 20, 2025, for a fraction (部分) of the investment that major Al players like OpenAI made for their own developments. The DeepSeek AI assistant, a mobile app that offers a chatbot interface for DeepSeek R1, surpassed OpenAI’s ChatGPT mobile software to become the top-ranked app in the Apple App Store chart within days of its debut (首秀). DeepSeek’s explosive growth in popularity and usage caused a stir in the tech industry, causing big AI firms’ stock prices to drop globally. The best part of DeepSeek is that it is an Open Source product which means it is not only free to use but its code is publicly accessible for anyone to modify and distribute in the true decentralized (分散管理的), collaborative (协作的) spirit of open source. This also makes DeepSeek 20 to 50 times cheaper than OpenAI’s GPT-3 model. DeepSeek is also relatively easy to use and can be operated in a computer of basic configuration (配置). DeepSeek can be effectively used by students to accomplish various academic tasks to find and organize information for their studies. For instance, DeepSeek can assist with writing tasks by suggesting well-organized content structures, grammar improvements, and citations. It can also help students locate and format relevant academic references for their papers. Personalized study guides can be offered by DeepSeek using certain course materials. In order to generate a guide that highlights important topics and arranges them for review, students can upload or link to notes or textbooks. DeepSeek can also assist with language translation, making it easier for students studying in non-native languages to understand academic content, or even to improve their own writing when composing papers in different languages. DeepSeek can help students find practice questions, exam papers, and study materials relevant to their courses. It can suggest important concepts and topics to focus on based on the syllabus (教学大纲) and previous exams. Thus, we can conclude that DeepSeek’s varied features can help students streamline their academic workload, improve their research, writing, and study efficiency and obtain better academic performance and results. 1．What do we know about DeepSeek? A．It is a hardware company specializing in high-end computers for AI research. B．It is a closed-source AI company that develops expensive language models for corporate use only. C．It is a social media platform designed to connect students for academic collaboration. D．I is an open-source AI company that offers free and customizable large language models. 2．What could be inferred from Paragraph 2? A．DeepSeek’s AI assistant was unpopular. B．DeepSeek’s AI assistant was removed from the App Store. C．DeepSeek’s AI assistant excelled ChatGPT, impacting AI companies’ stock prices. D．DeepSeek’s AI assistant was only for major Al players. 3．What is one of the main benefits of using DeepSeek for students? A．It provides financial aid for students in need. B．It offers personalized study guides based on course materials. C．It organizes students’ social calendars. D．It replaces teachers by fully automating classroom instruction. 4．What conclusion can we draw from the passage? A．DeepSeek is a closed-source AI platform with limited applications for students. B．DeepSeek’s AI models are more expensive and less accessible than OpenAI’s GPT-3. C．DeepSeek is primarily designed for corporate use and has no relevance to individual users. D．DeepSeek, being open-source and affordable, helps students boost academic efficiency and performance. 5．Which section of a newspaper might this article be selected from? A．Sports. B．Business&Technology. C．Entertainment. D．Health&Wellness. （六） （2025年天津市和平区一模） Making decisions under uncertainty is a problem we all face. Imagine you are looking for a parking spot at a crowded event. You find one far from your destination. Do you decide to take it, or invest more time into hunting for a better spot which may or may not exist? You might resolve this decision by “budgeting”: limiting the resources (time) you will spend looking for a better option. This strategy allows us to cut our losses when things don’t turn out as we hoped. In our research, we show how weaver ants (织工蚁) — much like humans — budget their investment into a task with an uncertain payoff. Weaver ants link their bodies together to form bridge-like structures called “hanging chains”, which they use for crossing gaps they encounter. Building a chain comes at a cost to the colony (蚁群). Ants in the chain can’t participate in important colony tasks such as defending the nest and searching for food. The cost of the chain is proportional (成比例) to its length: longer chains are more costly, as they keep more ants occupied. Chains provide a major benefit too: they allow ants to explore areas that would otherwise be inaccessible, which may offer food sources to the colony. Whether an area contains a profitable resource, however, is unknown to the ants. This means the colony must invest capital (a number of ants) into forming a chain which may or may not pay off. We expected ants would stop forming a chain when the gap to be bridged became too tall, as the cost would become too great. We initially challenged ants to bridge vertical gaps of 25mm, 35mm and 50mm in height. Ants could comfortably form chains within this range, which allowed us to precisely determine the rules they use to build chains. We found ants decide how long to stay in a chain by visually assessing their distance from the ground below. The closer to the ground, the longer an ant remains in the chain. Can this predict a distance beyond which ants stop forming chains? We answered this question using a mathematical model, which predicted ants should stop forming chains when the pap is taller than 89mm. We challenged ants to form chains over gaps of 110mm, well beyond the distance predicted by our model. As expected, the ants never formed chains over these gaps. Similar to when we set ourselves a time limit for finding parking, ants set a distance limit by budgeting before giving up. 1．According to the passage, what does the word “investment” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Time spent in building chains. B．Number of ants occupied in work. C．Courage to explore the unknown bravely. D．Resources for gathering food. 2．What do we know about hanging chains? A．Ants prefer short chains for efficiency. B．Ants can’t build chains over large gaps. C．The building of chains requires a sacrifice of its colony work. D．Ants make use of chains only in the cases of emergency. 3．What message does paragraph 4 convey mainly? A．The benefits of chains for weaver ants outweigh their costs. B．Chains are the only way for weaver ants to access food sources. C．Chains allow ants to access areas where food is guaranteed to be found. D．Ants will still invest in forming chains, though uncertainly profitable. 4．In what way are ants similar to humans? A．They are very good at problem-solving. B．They budget resources when making decisions. C．They seek similar food sources. D．They often work alone in tasks. 5．What can be concluded from the passage? A．Ants act randomly when making decisions. B．Ants follow strict rules without flexibility. C．Ants make decisions based on visual assessment. D．Ants are less efficient than humans. 6．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Ant Behavior in Food Search B．How to make decisions C．Budgeting in Weaver Ants D．The Structure of Ant Chains （七） （2025年天津市宝坻区第一中学一模） A study conducted by Cornell University examined how the use of AI in conversations impacts the way people express themselves and view each other. The researchers have found people have more efficient conversations, use more positive language and perceive each other more positively when using an AI-enabled chat tool. However the group also found that when participants think their partner is using more AI-suggested responses, they consider that partner as less cooperative. “I was surprised to find people tend to evaluate you more negatively simply because they suspect you’re using AI to help compose text, regardless of whether you actually are,” said Jess Hohenstein, the lead researcher. “This illustrates the continuous overall doubt that people seem to have around AI.” For their first experiment, participants were asked to talk about a policy issue and assigned to one of three conditions: both participants can use smart replies; only one participant can use smart replies; or neither participant can use smart replies. Researchers found that using smart replies increased communication efficiency, positive emotional language and positive evaluations by communication partners. On average, smart replies accounted for 14.3% of sent messages. But participants whose partners suspected of responding with smart replies were evaluated more negatively than those who were thought to have typed their own responses, consistent with common assumptions about the negative implications of AI. “While AI might be able to help you write,” Hohenstein said, “it’s altering your language in ways you might not expect, especially by making you sound more positive. This suggests that by, using text-generating AI, you’re giving up some of your-own personal voice.” Malte Jung, an associate professor, said, “What we observe in this study is the impact that AI has on social dynamics and some of the unintended consequences that could result from integrating AI in social contexts. This suggests that whoever controls the algorithm (算法) may have influence on people’s interactions, language and insights into each other.” 1．Which of the following statements does Jess Hohenstein agree with? A．AI always expresses in ways you expect. B．Algorithm will never influence people’s insights. C．Trust can be affected by using AI in conversation. D．You will regain your voice by using AI in conversation. 2．How do the researchers draw their conclusion? A．By analyzing figures. B．By performing a survey. C．By conducting experiments. D．By making comparisons. 3．How will a person feel about suspecting his partner’s using smart replies? A．Nervous. B．Uncomfortable. C．Excited. D．Puzzled. 4．According to the passage, what are the unexpected consequences of using text- generating AI? A．Your language remains unchanged. B．It doesn’t alter speakers’ insights into each other. C．It makes the speaker sound more negative. D．You are losing some of your personal style. 5．What is the passage primarily about? A．Methods of using AI in conversations. B．Efficiency of using AI in conversations. C．Convenience of using AI in conversations. D．Impacts of using AI in conversations. （八） （2025年天津市部分区一模） Not all memories are sweet. Some spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relieve these experiences in nightmares. Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase the effect of painful memories. In November experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased. The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. “Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman, a professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. “This could relieve a lot of that suffering.” But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past. “All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I’m not sure we’d want to wipe those memories out,” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist. Some people fear that although the drug would first be used in only very serious cases, it would become more and more common. “People always have the ability to misuse science,” said Joseph LeDoux, a New York University memory researcher. “All we want to do is to help people have better control of memories.” 1．What is the main purpose of the pill being developed by American researchers? A．To enhance happy memories. B．To erase all memories of an event. C．To reduce the impact of bad memories. D．To help people sleep better after work. 2．How does the drug work? A．It stops the body from releasing certain chemicals. B．It helps the body release more chemicals. C．It directly erases the memories in the brain. D．It helps people sleep better. 3．Which group will benefit from the pill according to the passage? A．Students with exam anxiety. B．Soldiers returning from war. C．Elderly people with memory loss. D．Doctors treating physical injuries. 4．Which statement reflects Rebecca Dresser’s view on bad memories? A．They should always be erased. B．They contribute to personal growth. C．They are not related to identity. D．They require medical treatment. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．The pill has been widely used. B．The research has no practical value. C．We should use the drug properly. D．Everyone is in favor of the research. （九） （2025年天津市耀华中学一模） Most taxi drivers need a smartphone to get to their destinations. But sharks, it seems, need nothing more than their own bodies — and Earth’s magnetic (磁的) field. A new study suggests some sharks can read Earth’s field like a map and use it to travel long distances with accuracy. Since the 1970s, researchers have suspected that some fish can detect magnetic fields. But no one had shown that sharks use the fields to find their location or navigate (导航), partly because the animals aren’t so easy to work with. It’s one thing if you have a small fish, or a baby sea turtle, but when you work with sharks, you have to upscale everything. Bryan Keller, an ecologist at Florida State University, and his colleagues decided to do just that. They lined a bedroom-size cage with wire and placed a small swimming pool in the center of the cage. By running an electrical current through the wiring, they could generate a custom magnetic field in the center of the pool. The team then collected 20 young bonnet — head sharks — a species known to migrate hundreds of kilometers — off the Florida coast. They placed the sharks into the pool, one at a time, and let them swim freely under three different magnetic fields, applied in random succession. One field mimicked (模仿) Earth’s natural field at the spot where the sharks were collected, while the others mimicked the fields at locations 600 kilometers north and 600 kilometers south of their homes. They used software to track the sharks’ responses, observing which direction in the tank they were trying to swim towards. When the young sharks were exposed to the magnetic field of the place they were captured, or ‘home’, they stayed put. But when subjected to the southern magnetic field, the sharks persistently changed their headings to swim north, as if tying to get back home. This suggests that the sharks were using the magnetic field to guide them, similar to how humans use GPS. Surprisingly, the researchers found that the sharks didn’t favor any direction when swimming under the northern field. Keller says this might be because they don’t go north of their home location since there is only land there, and so they rarely have to find their way back south again. “This could support the theory that their ability to go back home is a learned behavior,” he says. They might not know what to do in the northern field because “they’ve never been up there.” says Keller. Keller’s research adds a significant piece to the still-incomplete puzzle of shark biology. Sharks have been declining at an alarming rate due to mostly overfishing and habitat change. Studying the life cycles and migration patterns of sharks can help us understand what areas to protect when managing marine spaces. 1．The comparison between taxi drivers and sharks in the first paragraph serves to ________. A．highlight the simplicity of sharks’ navigation ability B．criticize the dependence of human beings on technology C．introduce the topic with a familiar everyday situation D．claim sharks’ abilities surpass human inventions 2．Why is it difficult for researchers to prove that sharks can read Earth’s magnetic field? A．Because it’s too hard to follow and observe sharks in nature. B．Because sharks are fierce and unfriendly to human beings. C．Because sharks are difficult to study in a laboratory setting. D．Because most sharks are on the list of endangered species. 3．According to Keller, what might be the reason why sharks don’t favor any direction when swimming under the northern magnetic field? A．They don’t like the climate in the north. B．They’ve never been to the north of their home before. C．They learned to do so when they were young. D．The northern magnetic field was not strong enough. 4．From the passage, we can infer that Keller’s research is significant because it ________. A．provides a new approach to studying sharks in the ocean. B．supports the idea that sharks’ migration patters are random. C．adds crucial information to our understanding of shark biology. D．suggests that sharks should be protected from overfishing. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Sharks use Earth’s magnetic field to find their way on seas. B．Researchers discovered a new way to study sharks in labs. C．Shark populations are declining due to habitat change. D．Sharks have a learned behavior of returning to their home. （十） （2025年天津市十二区重点学校一模） Teen brains aged faster than normal from stress by at least three years, a study has found. The study, published in Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science, was the first to compare examinations of the physical structures of teenagers’ brains from before and after the stress started, and to document significant differences. Researchers knew teens had higher levels of depression, anxiety and fearfulness than before the stress. But we knew nothing about the effects on their brains. The researchers found growth in brain areas that control access to some memories and help control fear, stress and other emotions. Premature (过早的) aging of kids’ brains isn’t a positive development. Their stressful childhood experiences not only make people easier to suffer from depression, anxiety and other mental illnesses, but they can raise the risk of cancer, heart disease and other long-term negative outcomes. The scientists tried to make out how the stress itself may have impacted the physical structure of the children’s brains and their mental health. They matched pairs of children with the same age, gender and stress. “That allowed us to compare 16-year-olds before the stress with different 16-year-olds assessed after the stress,” said Ian Gotlib, a psychology professor at Stanford University. To determine the brain age of their samples, the researchers fed their brain examinations into a machine-learning model for predicting brain age developed by the ENIGMA-Brain Age working group, a co-operation among scientists who share their brain image data sets. They also appraised mental health outcomes reported by the matched pairs. They found more severe symptoms of anxiety, depression and internalizing (内在化的) problems in the group that had experienced the stress. Dan Siegel, clinical professor of psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine, noted that many individuals experience post-traumatic (创伤后的) growth after a stressful experience. “This is a useful initial study,” agreed David Fassler, clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Vermont. “I expect the results will inform the design of future research initiatives.” 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Researchers had a good knowledge of aging. B．Stress greatly influenced teenagers’ brains. C．Brain growth improved teenagers’ happiness. D．Bad memories resulted in negative emotions. 2．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The positive development of teenage brains. B．The stressful childhood experience of teenagers. C．The impact of premature aging of kids’ brains. D．The mental illness that teenagers suffer. 3．Why was the machine-learning model developed? A．To satisfy the need of the market. B．To analyze the brain age of samples. C．To predict mental health outcomes. D．To solve internalizing problems. 4．What’s probably the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 5? A．behaved B．complained C．objected D．evaluated 5．What was David Fassler’s attitude to the study? A．Favorable. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. （十一） （2025年天津市红桥区一模） An AI from Google DeepMind has achieved a silver medal score at this year’s International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), the first time any AI has made it to the podium (领奖台). The IMO is considered the world’s most famous competition for young mathematicians. In January, Google DeepMind demonstrated AlphaGeometry, an AI system that could answer some IMO geometry questions as well as humans. However, this was not from a live competition, and it couldn’t answer questions from other mathematical disciplines. Google DeepMind has now released a new AI, called AlphaProof, which can solve a wider range of mathematical problems. It is an improved version of AlphaGeometry that can solve more geometry questions. When the team tested both systems together on this year’s IMO questions, they answered four out of six questions correctly, giving them a score of 28 out of a possible 42 points. This was enough to win a silver medal and just one point under this year’s gold medal threshold (门槛). At the contest in Bath, UK, 58 competitors won a gold medal and 123 won a silver medal. “We are all very much aware that AI will eventually be better than humans at solving most mathematical problems, but the rate at which AI is improving is breathtaking,” says Gregor Dolinar, the IMO president. “Missing the gold medal at IMO 2024 by just one point a few days ago is truly impressive.” While AlphaProof’s performance is impressive, it works slowly, taking up to three days to find some solutions instead of the 4. 5 hours per three questions that competitors are allowed. It also failed to answer both questions on combinatorics, which is the study of counting and arranging numbers. “We are still working to understand why this is, which will hopefully lead us to improve the system,” says Alex Davies at Google DeepMind. 1．What do we know about AlphaProof in paragraph 3? A．Its all functions. B．Its potential clients. C．Its advantages over AlphaGeometry. D．Its abilities to analyse problems. 2．What can be learned about this year’s International Mathematical Olympiad? A．It took place in Bath, UK. B．There were 10 questions in the contest. C．181 competitors took part in the contest. D．This year’s gold medal threshold was 30 points. 3．What is one of the limitations of AlphaProof? A．It can only solve geometry-related problems. B．It is much slower than human competitors in answering questions. C．It has difficulty in understanding the basic concepts of mathematics. D．It requires a large amount of computing resources to function 4．What may be Alex Davies’ attitude to the development of AlphaProof? A．Neutral. B．Uncaring. C．Disapproving. D．Positive. 5．What’s the best title of the text? A．DeepMind AI Gets Silver Medal at IMO 2024 B．DeepMind AI Is Developed to Take Part in IMO 2024 C．AI Manages to Solve Difficult Mathematical Problems Well D．AI Will Be Better than Humans at Solving Mathematical Problems （十二） （2025年天津市河东区一模） Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to, a Common Sense Media report published Monday. While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session. When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read. As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom (逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore. 1．What is the Common Sense Media report probably about? A．Children’s reading habits. B．Quality of children’s books. C．Children’s after-class activities. D．Parent-child relationships. 2．Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”? A．In Paragraph 2. B．In Paragraph 3. C．In Paragraph 4. D．In Paragraph 5. 3．Why do many parents limit electronic reading? A．E-books are of poor quality. B．It could be a waste of time. C．It may harm children’s health. D．E-readers are expensive. 4．How should parents encourage their children to read more? A．Act as role models for them. B．Ask them to write book reports. C．Set up reading groups for them. D．Talk with their reading class teachers. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The decline of reading among teenagers and its causes. B．Strategies for parents to encourage their children to read more. C．The impact of technology on children’s reading habits. D．A report revealing reading habits of children and teenagers. （十三） （2025年天津市武清区杨村第一中学一模） Large gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution. The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smart phone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we all have when meeting somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, who created the app and tested it at an event attended by about 1,000 people. After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the app’s creators say it automatically deletes users’ data after an event. Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence praises the app’s creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.” The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness”, a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app. 1．According to the passage, what is the main purpose of SocialRecall? A．To provide a tool for social media marketing. B．To help people remember names and faces in social settings. C．To collect and store personal information for future use. D．To assist event organizers in managing attendance. 2．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________. A．how the app works B．how the app was created C．what makes the app popular D．what people can do with the app 3．SocialRecall helps people with prosopagnosia by________. A．giving names to the photos kept in their smartphones B．collecting information previously entered in the phone C．providing the information of a person when they first meet D．showing the person’s information when it spots a stored face 4．What can we learn about SocialRecall from the passage? A．It may put people’s privacy at risk. B．It has caused unintended consequences. C．It can prevent some communication disorders. D．It is praised by users for its protective measures. 5．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Future of Facial Recognition Technology B．SocialRecall: A New App for Face and Name Recognition C．Privacy Concerns in the Age of Facial Recognition D．How Technology Is Changing Social Interactions （十四） （2025年天津市滨海新区塘沽第一中学一模） As people are becoming more socially conscious about where their food comes from and how it impacts the planet, they are choosing animal-free plant-based options. Cow-free meat has been around for quite some time and the popularity of brands like Beyond Meat and cultivated meat from Aleph Farms and others are soaring. While there are a large number of plant-based milk substitutes, none of them have the same taste of cow’s milk. Now, an Israeli food-tech startup Remilk created real dairy products without harming a single cow or the planet. The company stresses that their product Remilk is not a milk substitute but rather is the real deal. Made from a special process called microbial fermentation (微生物发酵), milk is manufactured in a lab instead of in a cow. And the end product is very healthy. “In a very simple way, we take the gene that encodes for the milk protein,” said Aviv Wolff, CEO of Remilk.”The gene functions as an instruction book for the production of the protein it encodes. And so, we insert the gene into a microbe that we’ve developed and it instructs our microbe to produce the specific protein in a very efficient way.” The company says that the lab-produced milk tastes identical to the real thing and they hope to eventually replace cows by creating every dairy product sold. They expect to roll out plant-based cheese and yogurt in addition to milk. “Remilk was founded with the mission to stop using animals to produce our food because, as dairy lovers, we realize that giving up on milk is not an option,” Wolff said. “But today’s milk comes with an unreasonable price tag. The dairy industry is destructive to our planet, our health, and our animals, and is simply not sustainable anymore.” The environmental price tag of dairy farming is way too high. According to the World Wildlife Fund, dairy cows add a huge amount of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and climate change as well as foul the air around them. Dairy operations consume large amounts of water and run-off of manure (粪肥) and fertilizers from these farms get into local waterways. The production of Remilk uses only 5 percent of the resources and produces only 1 percent of the waste of producing cow’s milk according to the company. And they accomplish this by being 100 percent cruelty-free unlike dairy farms. 1．What distinguishes Remilk from other milk substitutes? A．It enjoys broad popularity. B．It has the highest output. C．It comes in various flavours. D．It tastes the same as cow’s milk. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The production of Remilk. B．The nutritional value of Remilk. C．The role of gene in making protein. D．The process of microbial fermentation. 3．What can we know from Wolff’s words in paragraph 3? A．Remilk was set up for animal protection. B．Dairy industries should be shut down. C．Remilk aims to produce animal-free food. D．Prices of cow’s milk are soaring these days. 4．What does the underlined word “foul” probably mean in the last paragraph? A．Clean. B．Heat. C．Pollute. D．Consume. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．Drawing on gene technology, Remilk has developed a variety of dairy products. B．Conventional dairy industry is anything but eco-friendly. C．The new technology adopted by Remilk transforms the gene of cows. D．It’ll be some time before the public get accustomed to the milk substitutes. 1 / 13 公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 阅读理解（说明文） （一） （2025年天津市河北区一模） A recent study published in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science offers new findings into why people take different types of photos. The research reveals that individuals use first-person photography — capturing a scene from their own perspective — primarily to document a physical experience. In contrast, they opt for third-person photos, such as selfies where they are visible in the frame, to convey the deeper meaning of an event and to immerse viewers in the scene. This distinction is crucial for understanding the psychology behind photo-taking. Earlier studies on selfies primarily focused on how individuals present themselves to others, often emphasizing the role of self-image and social media. However, this new research shifts the focus to why people capture memories, emphasizing the different goals behind their photo-taking choices. According to Zachary Niese, a psychologist at the University of Tübingen in Germany and co-author of the study, “Our findings show that people take both types of photos in different situations, depending on whether their goal is to capture the physical experience of the moment or its broader significance in their life.” The study, which included six experiments with over 2,100 participants, found that when the goal is to capture meaning, individuals are more likely to take selfies. They also tend to find greater meaning in third-person photos than in first-person ones. This suggests that the chosen perspective can significantly affect how meaningful a photo feels to the viewer. Interestingly, people tend to prefer their photos when the perspective aligns (使成一排) with their initial purpose for taking them. Niese adds, “Although taking photos is often ridiculed in popular culture, personal photography can help individuals reconnect with past experiences and shape their self-narratives.” The researchers caution against assuming that one perspective is inherently better than the other. Instead, the most effective choice depends on the individual’s goal at the moment — whether it’s to capture a physical experience, like touring a museum, or the deeper meaning of an event, such as a wedding or graduation. This study emphasises the complex relationship between photography and personal memory, showing how our intentions shape the way we document and revisit our experiences. By recognising the different purposes of photo-taking, we can better appreciate photography’s role in our lives — as both a form of self-expression and a tool for preserving memories. 1．What does the new research focus on? A．The psychology of photo-taking choices. B．The advantages of first-person photography. C．The cultural factors influencing photo choices. D．The way people record their memories through photos. 2．According to Niese, why do people primarily take personal photos? A．To capture the feeling of the moment. B．To boost people’s self-confidence. C．To enhance one’s public image. D．To document everyday life. 3．What does the research suggest about the impact of different perspectives? A．Perspectives are determined by the scene. B．Perspectives depend on the individual’s objective. C．Perspectives have little effect on the photo’s meaning. D．Perspectives are always more effective in first-person photos. 4．Why does the author mention “a wedding or graduation” in Paragraph 4? A．To highlight the popularity of selfies. B．To criticize third-person photos at important events. C．To suggest first-person photos are unsuitable for such events. D．To explain why third-person photos convey significant moments. 5．What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph? A．Photo-taking purpose shapes its value. B．Photography captures physical experiences. C．Photo-taking is mainly for self-presentation. D．Photography has little effect on memory recall. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新的关于摄影的研究。该研究着眼于人们拍照背后的不同目的，选择不同视角，让照片带有的不同意义，从而使拍照在生活中具有了更实际的价值。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“However, this new research shifts the focus to why people capture memories, emphasizing the different goals behind their photo-taking choices. (然而，这项新研究将焦点转移到了人们捕捉记忆的原因上，强调了他们选择拍照背后的不同目的。)”可知，新研究聚焦了人们捕捉记忆的原因，强调拍照选择背后目的和心理。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“Our findings show that people take both types of photos in different situations, depending on whether their goal is to capture the physical experience of the moment or its broader significance in their life. (我们的研究结果表明，人们在不同的情况下拍摄这两种类型的照片，这取决于他们的目标是捕捉当下的身体体验还是捕捉生活中更广泛的意义。)”可知，Niese认为人们在不同情况下选择拍摄照片的角度不同，第一种情况是捕捉当下的个人身体体验，第二种是捕捉生活中更广泛意义。由此推知，个人摄影应是第一视角拍照，属于第一种情况，即，人们主要拍摄个人照片来捕捉当下的感觉。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“The study, which included six experiments with over 2,100 participants, found that when the goal is to capture meaning, individuals are more likely to take selfies. They also tend to find greater meaning in third-person photos than in first-person ones. This suggests that the chosen perspective can significantly affect how meaningful a photo feels to the viewer. (这项研究包括六项实验，共有2100多名参与者，发现当目的是捕捉意义时，人们更有可能自拍。他们也倾向于在第三视角照片中找到比第一视角照片更大的意义。这表明，选择的视角可以显著影响照片对观看者的意义。)”可知，研究发现，不同的目的，即，是展现捕捉当下时刻感受还是展现更深刻的事件意义，就会选择不同的拍摄视角，由此可知，该研究表明拍摄视角的选择取决于个人目的。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。分析可知，“such as a wedding or graduation (比如婚礼或毕业典礼)”的提及是对前文“the deeper meaning of an event (事件的深层含义)”提及的具有深层意义事件的举例；同时结合前文第一段内容“In contrast, they opt for third-person photos, such as selfies where they are visible in the frame, to convey the deeper meaning of an event and to immerse viewers in the scene. (相比之下，他们选择第三视角照片，比如在画面中可见的自拍照，以传达事件的深层含义，并让观众沉浸在场景中。)”可知，这类具有深层意义的事件的拍照角度是第三视角。由此推知，举例“婚礼或毕业典礼”是为了用具体事件解释第三视角照片如何表现意义重大的时刻的。故选D项。 5．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“By recognising the different purposes of photo-taking, we can better appreciate photography’s role in our lives—as both a form of self-expression and a tool for preserving memories. (通过认识到拍照的不同目的，我们可以更好地欣赏摄影在我们生活中的作用——既是一种自我表达的形式，也是保存记忆的工具。)”可知，该段在末尾重申了这项研究的意义所在：拍照目的不同使得摄影在我们生活中就具有了不同的作用。因此，根据该段可总结出“拍照的目的塑造了它的价值”。故选A项。 （二） （2025年天津市宁河区芦台第一中学一模） From the beginning of film, moviemakers have experimented with special effects. The earliest and simplest involved stopping the camera, replacing an actor with a dummy, then starting the camera again and allowing the character on screen to meet an apparently unpleasant fate. Later, animation, models and puppets (木偶) were used to bring monsters and spaceships to life on our screens, before computer graphics, laborious and expensive, enabled more realistic and complicated visual effects to be produced. Generative artificial intelligence (AI), broke the ground then. First demonstrated with not deadly still images, AI could generate amazing visuals from text descriptions. Ask for a tap-dancing cat on a tight rope tied between two skyscrapers and, within an instant, you’d get an image depicting exactly that. New AI-powered tools also enable images and footage (一组镜头) to be rapidly edited. They let you change a character’s clothing without you needing to reshoot the scene, or remove something in the background you don’t like, or even change an actor’s expression or their age. Thus, AI technologies generate realistic avatars that can perfectly mimic real-life actors or create entirely fictional, yet totally convincing characters complete with movement and voice. Some writers and actors object to the use of generative AI in film and television. Their objections were about more than AI putting skilled people out of work, though. AI is trained on existing content and the people who own the copyright on it won’t be pleased if the AI uses their content as training data. But, creatively speaking, the nature of its training means AI can’t come up with much that’s original or novel. Given all this, it’s hard to say how AI will change the film industry over the long term with any great degree of certainty, except that with visual element easily and cheaply produced, special effects become less ‘special’ in the immediate future. Plus, the current limitations of their training mean there’ll be strange inaccuracies that make it too unpleasant, even annoying to place AI center stage without extensive editing work. But used appropriately, as just another postproduction tool, perhaps AI could enable a return to what matters most to make memorable movies: thrilling performances from actors, beautifully imagined scenes and amazing narratives. 1．Why were special effects used initially? A．To reduce the risks of the performers. B．To make the actor meet unpleasant fate. C．To allow the camera to stop and start. D．To create monsters and spaceships. 2．What is the disadvantage of movie-quality computer graphic before AI? A．Lack of application. B．Bad visual experience. C．Public objection. D．Costs consuming. 3．What is the main reason for writers and actors to object to the use of AI? A．It results in much unemployment. B．It is harmful to their copyrights. C．It is inaccurate in performing. D．It involves complicated technology. 4．From the passage, we can learn that ______. A．AI plays the key role in creating fine movies. B．Employment in movie industry will stay steady. C．AI can’t create innovative visual effects independently. D．Large amounts of editing work advocate special effects in movies. 5．What, in the author’s opinion, is the best role that AI should play? A．An aid that improves actors’ performing. B．A complement to traditional movie production. C．An economical tool that upsets moving making. D．A central stage tool that helps movie industry. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了AI在电影制作中发挥的作用。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“From the beginning of film, moviemakers have experimented with special effects. The earliest and simplest involved stopping the camera, replacing an actor with a dummy, then starting the camera again and allowing the character on screen to meet an apparently unpleasant fate. (从电影一开始，电影制作人就尝试了特效。最早和最简单的方法是停止拍摄，用假人代替演员，然后再次启动相机，让屏幕上的角色遭遇一个明显不愉快的命运)”可知，最初使用特效，是为了在拍摄中用假人代替演员，减少演员在拍摄中遇到的危险，由此可知，最初使用特效是为了降低表演者的风险。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Later, animation, models and puppets (木偶) were used to bring monsters and spaceships to life on our screens, before computer graphics, laborious and expensive, enabled more realistic and complicated visual effects to be produced. (后来，动画、模型和木偶被用来在我们的屏幕上把怪物和宇宙飞船栩栩如生地呈现出来，在计算机图形之前，费力而昂贵的计算机图形能够产生更逼真和复杂的视觉效果)”可知，计算机图形是费力而昂贵的，由此可知，在AI之前，电影质量的计算机图形的缺点是成本消耗。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段关键句“AI is trained on existing content and the people who own the copyright on it won’t be pleased if the AI uses their content as training data. (人工智能是在现有内容上进行训练的，如果人工智能将其内容用作训练数据，拥有版权的人会不高兴)”可知，人工智能的训练会使用现有内容，侵犯了这些内容的版权拥有者，由此可知，编剧和演员反对使用人工智能的主要原因是这对他们的版权有害。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据第六段内容“But, creatively speaking, the nature of its training means AI can’t come up with much that’s original or novel. (但是，创造性地说，它的训练性质意味着人工智能无法提出太多原创或新颖的东西)”可知，人工智能无法提出太多原创或新颖的东西。由此可知，从这篇文章中，我们可以了解到人工智能不能独立创造创新的视觉效果。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“But used appropriately, as just another postproduction tool, perhaps AI could enable a return to what matters most to make memorable movies: thrilling performances from actors, beautifully imagined scenes and amazing narratives. (但如果使用得当，作为另一种后期制作工具，也许人工智能可以让人们回到制作令人难忘的电影最重要的事情上：演员的惊险表演、美丽想象的场景和令人惊叹的叙事)”可知，作者认为人工智能可以作为一种后期制作工具，弥补传统电影制作的不足，由此可知，在作者看来，AI应该发挥的最佳作用是对传统电影制作的补充。故选B项。 （三） （2025年天津市十二区重点学校一模） Teen brains aged faster than normal from stress by at least three years, a study has found. The study, published in Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science, was the first to compare examinations of the physical structures of teenagers’ brains from before and after the stress started, and to document significant differences. Researchers knew teens had higher levels of depression, anxiety and fearfulness than before the stress. But we knew nothing about the effects on their brains. The researchers found growth in brain areas that control access to some memories and help control fear, stress and other emotions. Premature (过早的) aging of kids’ brains isn’t a positive development. Their stressful childhood experiences not only make people easier to suffer from depression, anxiety and other mental illnesses, but they can raise the risk of cancer, heart disease and other long-term negative outcomes. The scientists tried to make out how the stress itself may have impacted the physical structure of the children’s brains and their mental health. They matched pairs of children with the same age, gender and stress. “That allowed us to compare 16-year-olds before the stress with different 16-year-olds assessed after the stress,” said Ian Gotlib, a psychology professor at Stanford University. To determine the brain age of their samples, the researchers fed their brain examinations into a machine-learning model for predicting brain age developed by the ENIGMA-Brain Age working group, a co-operation among scientists who share their brain image data sets. They also appraised mental health outcomes reported by the matched pairs. They found more severe symptoms of anxiety, depression and internalizing (内在化的) problems in the group that had experienced the stress. Dan Siegel, clinical professor of psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine, noted that many individuals experience post-traumatic (创伤后的) growth after a stressful experience. “This is a useful initial study,” agreed David Fassler, clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Vermont. “I expect the results will inform the design of future research initiatives.” 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Researchers had a good knowledge of aging. B．Stress greatly influenced teenagers’ brains. C．Brain growth improved teenagers’ happiness. D．Bad memories resulted in negative emotions. 2．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The positive development of teenage brains. B．The stressful childhood experience of teenagers. C．The impact of premature aging of kids’ brains. D．The mental illness that teenagers suffer. 3．Why was the machine-learning model developed? A．To satisfy the need of the market. B．To analyze the brain age of samples. C．To predict mental health outcomes. D．To solve internalizing problems. 4．What’s probably the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 5? A．behaved B．complained C．objected D．evaluated 5．What was David Fassler’s attitude to the study? A．Favorable. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了压力使青少年大脑至少提前三年老化及相关研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段 “Teen brains aged faster than normal from stress by at least three years, a study has found. (一项研究发现，青少年的大脑因压力而比正常情况至少提前三年老化。)”以及第二段“The researchers found growth in brain areas that control access to some memories and help control fear, stress and other emotions. (研究人员发现，控制某些记忆的访问并有助于控制恐惧、压力和其他情绪的大脑区域有所增长。)”可知，压力对青少年的大脑有很大影响。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Premature (过早的) aging of kids’ brains isn’t a positive development. Their stressful childhood experiences not only make people easier to suffer from depression, anxiety and other mental illnesses, but they can raise the risk of cancer, heart disease and other long-term negative outcomes. (儿童大脑过早老化不是一个积极的发展。他们充满压力的童年经历不仅使人们更容易患上抑郁症、焦虑症和其他精神疾病，而且还会增加患癌症、心脏病和其他长期负面后果的风险。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了儿童大脑过早衰老的影响。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“To determine the brain age of their samples, the researchers fed their brain examinations into a machine-learning model for predicting brain age developed by the ENIGMA-Brain Age working group, a co-operation among scientists who share their brain image data sets. (为了确定样本的大脑年龄，研究人员将他们的脑部检查结果输入到由 ENIGMA-大脑年龄工作组开发的用于预测大脑年龄的机器学习模型中，该工作组是一个由共享大脑图像数据集的科学家组成的合作组织。)”可知，开发机器学习模型是为了分析样本的大脑年龄。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据第五段“They found more severe symptoms of anxiety, depression and internalizing (内在化的) problems in the group that had experienced the stress. (他们发现，经历过压力的那一组中，焦虑、抑郁和内化问题的症状更严重。)” 可知，他们还评估了配对者报告的心理健康结果，结果发现经历过压力的那一组中，焦虑、抑郁和内化问题的症状更严重，所以appraised意思是“评估”。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段““This is a useful initial study,” agreed David Fassler, clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Vermont. “I expect the results will inform the design of future research initiatives.” (佛蒙特大学精神病学临床教授大卫・法斯勒表示同意：“这是一项有用的初步研究。我预计这些结果将为未来研究计划的设计提供参考。”)”可推知，大卫・法斯勒对这项研究持支持的态度。故选A。 （四） （2025年天津市河西区一模） Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) (脑-机接口) are no longer just a concept from science-fiction novels. They are rapidly evolving technologies that establish a direct communication pathway between the human brain and external devices. By detecting and interpreting the electrical signals generated by the brain, BCIs hold the potential to revolutionize various aspects of our lives. At the core of BCIs is the ability to measure brain activity. Electroencephalography(EEG) (脑电波) is one of the most commonly used methods. EEG devices consist of electrodes placed on the scalp, which pick up the tiny electrical signals produced by neurons in the brain. These signals can be classified into different types, such as alpha, beta, theta, and gamma waves, each associated with specific mental states like relaxation, concentration, or sleep. One of the most promising applications of BCIs is in the field of healthcare. For patients with severe motor disabilities, such as those suffering from spinal cord injuries or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) (肌萎缩侧索硬化), BCIs offer a new way to communicate and interact with the world. By simply thinking about a movement, patients can control external devices like robotic arms or wheelchairs, restoring a degree of independence that was previously out of reach. In the field of gaming and entertainment, BCIs are also making waves. Imagine being able to control a character in a video game just by thinking about the actions you want it to perform. This not only provides a more immersive gaming experience but also opens up new possibilities for game developers to create innovative gameplay mechanics. However, the development and widespread adoption of BCIs are not without challenges. One major difficulty is the complexity of interpreting brain signals accurately. The human brain is an incredibly complex organ, and the electrical signals it generates can be influenced by a variety of factors, including emotions, tiredness, and individual differences. Another challenge is the issue of privacy and security. Since BCIs collect highly personal and sensitive information about a person’s brain activity, protecting this data from unauthorized access becomes crucial. Despite these challenges, researchers around the world are actively working to overcome them. New algorithms are being developed to improve the accuracy of signal interpretation, and strict security protocols (协议) are carried out to safeguard user data. As technology continues to advance, it is likely that BCIs will become more accessible, reliable, and user-friendly in the near future. In conclusion, BCIs represent a concentration of neuroscience and technology. With their potential to transform healthcare, gaming, and many other fields, BCIs are set to play a significant role in shaping the future. 1．How do EEG devices measure brain activity in BCIs? A．By analyzing the chemical composition of neurons. B．Through electrodes placed on the scalp to pick up electrical signals. C．By monitoring the blood flow in the brain. D．Through sensors implanted in the brain to detect neural impulses. 2．In which field can BCIs help patients with severe motor disabilities regain some independence? A．Healthcare. B．Education. C．Manufacturing. D．Transportation. 3．What is one of the challenges in the development of BCIs? A．The inability to detect brain signals. B．The high cost of manufacturing EEG devices. C．Difficulty in accurately interpreting complex brain signals. D．Lack of interest from the scientific community. 4．It can be inferred from the passage that in the future, BCIs will ______. A．remain the technology only used in specific research labs B．encounter even more unconquerable challenges C．be widely used in various aspects of life after overcoming challenges D．replace traditional input devices completely 5．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To discuss the moral issues related to BCIs. B．To compare different types of BCIs. C．To persuade readers to support BCI research. D．To introduce the concept, applications, and challenges of BCIs. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了脑-机接口（BCI）的概念，应用领域以及存在的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“EEG devices consist of electrodes placed on the scalp, which pick up the tiny electrical signals produced by neurons in the brain. (脑电图设备由放置在头皮上的电极组成，这些电极可以接收大脑神经元产生的微小电信号。)”可知，脑电设备通过放置在头皮上的电极来接收电信号，从而测量脑-机接口的脑活动。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“One of the most promising applications of BCIs is in the field of healthcare. For patients with severe motor disabilities, such as those suffering from spinal cord injuries or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) (肌萎缩侧索硬化), BCIs offer a new way to communicate and interact with the world. By simply thinking about a movement, patients can control external devices like robotic arms or wheelchairs, restoring a degree of independence that was previously out of reach. (脑-机接口最有前途的应用之一是在医疗保健领域。对于患有严重运动障碍的患者，例如那些患有脊髓损伤或肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）的患者，脑机接口提供了一种与世界交流和互动的新方式。通过简单地思考一个动作，患者可以控制机械臂或轮椅等外部设备，恢复以前无法企及的一定程度的独立性。)”可知，脑-机接口可以在医疗保健领域帮助严重运动障碍患者重新获得一些独立性。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“However, the development and widespread adoption of BCIs are not without challenges. One major difficulty is the complexity of interpreting brain signals accurately. (然而，脑机接口的发展和广泛采用并非没有挑战。一个主要的困难是准确解释大脑信号的复杂性。)”可知，脑-机接口发展的挑战之一是难以准确解释复杂的大脑信号。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With their potential to transform healthcare, gaming, and many other fields, BCIs are set to play a significant role in shaping the future. (脑-机接口具有改变医疗保健、游戏和许多其他领域的潜力，将在塑造未来方面发挥重要作用。)”可知，在未来，脑-机接口将在克服挑战后广泛应用于生活的各个方面。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) (脑-机接口) are no longer just a concept from science-fiction novels. They are rapidly evolving technologies that establish a direct communication pathway between the human brain and external devices. By detecting and interpreting the electrical signals generated by the brain, BCIs hold the potential to revolutionize various aspects of our lives. (脑-机接口（BCI）不再仅仅是科幻小说中的概念。它们是快速发展的技术，在人类大脑和外部设备之间建立了直接的通信途径。通过检测和解释大脑产生的电信号，脑机接口有可能彻底改变我们生活的各个方面。)”结合文章主要介绍了脑-机接口（BCI）的概念，应用领域以及存在的挑战。可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是介绍脑-机接口的概念、应用和挑战。故选D。 （五） （2025年天津市南开区一模） DeepSeek is a Chinese artificial intelligence company based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. Established in 2023, DeepSeek develops open-source large language models (LLMs). The company is owned and funded by Liang Wenfeng, a Chinese businessman who is DeepSeek’s CEO. DeepSeek released its RI LLM (Large Language Model) on January 20, 2025, for a fraction (部分) of the investment that major Al players like OpenAI made for their own developments. The DeepSeek AI assistant, a mobile app that offers a chatbot interface for DeepSeek R1, surpassed OpenAI’s ChatGPT mobile software to become the top-ranked app in the Apple App Store chart within days of its debut (首秀). DeepSeek’s explosive growth in popularity and usage caused a stir in the tech industry, causing big AI firms’ stock prices to drop globally. The best part of DeepSeek is that it is an Open Source product which means it is not only free to use but its code is publicly accessible for anyone to modify and distribute in the true decentralized (分散管理的), collaborative (协作的) spirit of open source. This also makes DeepSeek 20 to 50 times cheaper than OpenAI’s GPT-3 model. DeepSeek is also relatively easy to use and can be operated in a computer of basic configuration (配置). DeepSeek can be effectively used by students to accomplish various academic tasks to find and organize information for their studies. For instance, DeepSeek can assist with writing tasks by suggesting well-organized content structures, grammar improvements, and citations. It can also help students locate and format relevant academic references for their papers. Personalized study guides can be offered by DeepSeek using certain course materials. In order to generate a guide that highlights important topics and arranges them for review, students can upload or link to notes or textbooks. DeepSeek can also assist with language translation, making it easier for students studying in non-native languages to understand academic content, or even to improve their own writing when composing papers in different languages. DeepSeek can help students find practice questions, exam papers, and study materials relevant to their courses. It can suggest important concepts and topics to focus on based on the syllabus (教学大纲) and previous exams. Thus, we can conclude that DeepSeek’s varied features can help students streamline their academic workload, improve their research, writing, and study efficiency and obtain better academic performance and results. 1．What do we know about DeepSeek? A．It is a hardware company specializing in high-end computers for AI research. B．It is a closed-source AI company that develops expensive language models for corporate use only. C．It is a social media platform designed to connect students for academic collaboration. D．I is an open-source AI company that offers free and customizable large language models. 2．What could be inferred from Paragraph 2? A．DeepSeek’s AI assistant was unpopular. B．DeepSeek’s AI assistant was removed from the App Store. C．DeepSeek’s AI assistant excelled ChatGPT, impacting AI companies’ stock prices. D．DeepSeek’s AI assistant was only for major Al players. 3．What is one of the main benefits of using DeepSeek for students? A．It provides financial aid for students in need. B．It offers personalized study guides based on course materials. C．It organizes students’ social calendars. D．It replaces teachers by fully automating classroom instruction. 4．What conclusion can we draw from the passage? A．DeepSeek is a closed-source AI platform with limited applications for students. B．DeepSeek’s AI models are more expensive and less accessible than OpenAI’s GPT-3. C．DeepSeek is primarily designed for corporate use and has no relevance to individual users. D．DeepSeek, being open-source and affordable, helps students boost academic efficiency and performance. 5．Which section of a newspaper might this article be selected from? A．Sports. B．Business&Technology. C．Entertainment. D．Health&Wellness. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。DeepSeek是杭州开源AI公司，推出的AI助手表现突出，且助力学生提升学术效率与成绩。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“The best part of DeepSeek is that it is an Open Source product which means it is not only free to use but its code is publicly accessible for anyone to modify and distribute in the true decentralized, collaborative spirit of open source.(DeepSeek 最棒的地方在于它是一个开源产品，这意味着它不仅可以免费使用，而且其代码对任何人都是公开可用的，人们可以本着真正的分散管理、协作的开源精神对其进行修改和分发。)”可知，DeepSeek是一家开源人工智能公司，提供免费且可定制的大型语言模型。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“The DeepSeek AI assistant, a mobile app that offers a chatbot interface for DeepSeek R1, surpassed OpenAI’s ChatGPT mobile software to become the top-ranked app in the Apple App Store chart within days of its debut. DeepSeek’s explosive growth in popularity and usage caused a stir in the tech industry, causing big AI firms’ stock prices to drop globally.(DeepSeek 人工智能助手，一个为DeepSeek R1 提供聊天机器人界面的移动应用程序，在首次亮相后的几天内就超过了 OpenAI 的 ChatGPT 移动软件，成为苹果应用商店排行榜上的第一名。DeepSeek在受欢迎程度和使用量上的爆炸性增长在科技行业引起了轰动，导致全球大型人工智能公司的股价下跌。)”可知，DeepSeek的人工智能助手超过了ChatGPT，并且影响了人工智能公司的股价。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Personalized study guides can be offered by DeepSeek using certain course materials. In order to generate a guide that highlights important topics and arranges them for review, students can upload or link to notes or textbooks.(DeepSeek可以使用某些课程材料提供个性化的学习指南。为了生成一个突出重要主题并安排它们进行复习的指南，学生可以上传或链接笔记或教科书。)”可知，使用DeepSeek对学生的主要好处之一是它可以根据课程材料提供个性化的学习指南。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“it is an Open Source product which means it is not only free to use(它是一个开源产品，这意味着它不仅可以免费使用)”以及最后一段“Thus, we can conclude that DeepSeek’s varied features can help students streamline their academic workload, improve their research, writing, and study efficiency and obtain better academic performance and results.(因此，我们可以得出结论，DeepSeek的各种功能可以帮助学生简化他们的学术工作量，提高他们的研究、写作和学习效率，并取得更好的学术表现和成绩。)”可知，DeepSeek是开源且价格实惠的，能帮助学生提高学术效率和成绩。故选D。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了DeepSeek这家人工智能公司，包括它的成立、产品特点、取得的成就以及对学生的帮助等，涉及到了商业和科技方面的内容。所以这篇文章可能选自报纸的“商业与科技”板块。故选B。 （六） （2025年天津市和平区一模） Making decisions under uncertainty is a problem we all face. Imagine you are looking for a parking spot at a crowded event. You find one far from your destination. Do you decide to take it, or invest more time into hunting for a better spot which may or may not exist? You might resolve this decision by “budgeting”: limiting the resources (time) you will spend looking for a better option. This strategy allows us to cut our losses when things don’t turn out as we hoped. In our research, we show how weaver ants (织工蚁) — much like humans — budget their investment into a task with an uncertain payoff. Weaver ants link their bodies together to form bridge-like structures called “hanging chains”, which they use for crossing gaps they encounter. Building a chain comes at a cost to the colony (蚁群). Ants in the chain can’t participate in important colony tasks such as defending the nest and searching for food. The cost of the chain is proportional (成比例) to its length: longer chains are more costly, as they keep more ants occupied. Chains provide a major benefit too: they allow ants to explore areas that would otherwise be inaccessible, which may offer food sources to the colony. Whether an area contains a profitable resource, however, is unknown to the ants. This means the colony must invest capital (a number of ants) into forming a chain which may or may not pay off. We expected ants would stop forming a chain when the gap to be bridged became too tall, as the cost would become too great. We initially challenged ants to bridge vertical gaps of 25mm, 35mm and 50mm in height. Ants could comfortably form chains within this range, which allowed us to precisely determine the rules they use to build chains. We found ants decide how long to stay in a chain by visually assessing their distance from the ground below. The closer to the ground, the longer an ant remains in the chain. Can this predict a distance beyond which ants stop forming chains? We answered this question using a mathematical model, which predicted ants should stop forming chains when the pap is taller than 89mm. We challenged ants to form chains over gaps of 110mm, well beyond the distance predicted by our model. As expected, the ants never formed chains over these gaps. Similar to when we set ourselves a time limit for finding parking, ants set a distance limit by budgeting before giving up. 1．According to the passage, what does the word “investment” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Time spent in building chains. B．Number of ants occupied in work. C．Courage to explore the unknown bravely. D．Resources for gathering food. 2．What do we know about hanging chains? A．Ants prefer short chains for efficiency. B．Ants can’t build chains over large gaps. C．The building of chains requires a sacrifice of its colony work. D．Ants make use of chains only in the cases of emergency. 3．What message does paragraph 4 convey mainly? A．The benefits of chains for weaver ants outweigh their costs. B．Chains are the only way for weaver ants to access food sources. C．Chains allow ants to access areas where food is guaranteed to be found. D．Ants will still invest in forming chains, though uncertainly profitable. 4．In what way are ants similar to humans? A．They are very good at problem-solving. B．They budget resources when making decisions. C．They seek similar food sources. D．They often work alone in tasks. 5．What can be concluded from the passage? A．Ants act randomly when making decisions. B．Ants follow strict rules without flexibility. C．Ants make decisions based on visual assessment. D．Ants are less efficient than humans. 6．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Ant Behavior in Food Search B．How to make decisions C．Budgeting in Weaver Ants D．The Structure of Ant Chains 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是织工蚁在面对不确定性时通过预算资源来决定是否构建链条，以及这一行为与人类决策的相似性。 1．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Building a chain comes at a cost to the colony(蚁群). Ants in the chain can’t participate in important colony tasks such as defending the nest and searching for food. The cost of the chain is proportional (成比例) to its length: longer chains are more costly, as they keep more ants occupied.(构建链条对蚁群来说是有代价的。链条中的蚂蚁无法参与保卫巢穴或寻找食物等重要的蚁群任务。链条的代价与其长度成比例：链条越长，代价越高，因为需要更多的蚂蚁参与其中。)”及第四段中“Whether an area contains a profitable resource, however, is unknown to the ants. This means the colony must invest capital (a number of ants) into forming a chain which may or may not pay off.(然而，一个区域是否存在可获取的有益资源，蚂蚁们对此并不知晓。这就意味着蚁群必须投入资本（一定数量的蚂蚁）来形成一条链条，而这条链条可能会带来回报，也可能不会。)”可知，构建链条对蚁群来说是有代价的，这个代价与参与链条的蚂蚁数量成正比，由此可知，“投资”指的是参与构建链条的蚂蚁数量，也就是被占用在这项工作中的蚂蚁数量，因为它们牺牲了其他任务，比如防御和觅食。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Weaver ants link their bodies together to form bridge-like structures called “hanging chains”, which they use for crossing gaps they encounter. Building a chain comes at a cost to the colony (蚁群). Ants in the chain can’t participate in important colony tasks such as defending the nest and searching for food. (织工蚁将它们的身体连接在一起，形成被称为“悬挂链”的桥状结构，用于跨越它们遇到的缝隙。构建链条对蚁群来说是有代价的。链条中的蚂蚁无法参与保卫巢穴或寻找食物等重要的蚁群任务。)”可知，参与链条的蚂蚁无法执行其他重要的蚁群任务，比如保卫巢穴或寻找食物，这表明构建链条是以牺牲其他工作为代价的。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Whether an area contains a profitable resource, however, is unknown to the ants. This means the colony must invest capital (a number of ants) into forming a chain which may or may not pay off.(然而，一个区域是否存在可获取的有益资源，蚂蚁们对此并不知晓。这就意味着蚁群必须投入资本（一定数量的蚂蚁）来形成一条链条，而这条链条可能会带来回报，也可能不会)”可知，本段主要传达的信息是，即使不确定是否能获得收益，蚂蚁还是会投入资源构建链条。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“You might resolve this decision by “budgeting”: limiting the resources (time) you will spend looking for a better option. This strategy allows us to cut our losses when things don’t turn out as we hoped. In our research, we show how weaver ants (织工蚁) — much like humans — budget their investment into a task with an uncertain payoff.(你或许可以通过 “预算规划” 来做出这个决定：限制你在寻找更好选择上所花费的资源（时间）。这种策略能让我们在事情的结果并非如我们所愿时减少损失。在我们的研究中，我们展示了织工蚁是如何像人类一样，对投入到一项结果不确定的任务中的资源进行预算规划的。)”以及尾段中的“Similar to when we set ourselves a time limit for finding parking, ants set a distance limit by budgeting before giving up.(与我们为自己设定寻找停车位的时间限制类似，蚂蚁在放弃之前会通过预算设定一个距离限制。)”可知，文章将人类和蚂蚁进行了类比，说明两者在面对不确定性时都会设定限制（人类设定时间限制，蚂蚁设定距离限制），由此推知，这种相似性突出了“预算”作为一种共同策略的重要性。故选B项。 5．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Similar to when we set ourselves a time limit for finding parking, ants set a distance limit by budgeting before giving up. (与我们为自己设定寻找停车位的时间限制类似，蚂蚁在放弃之前会通过预算设定一个距离限制。)”以及倒数第三段中的“We found ants decide how long to stay in a chain by visually assessing their distance from the ground below. The closer to the ground, the longer an ant remains in the chain.(我们发现，蚂蚁通过视觉评估它们与地面的距离来决定在链条中停留多久。距离地面越近，蚂蚁在链条中停留的时间就越长。)”可知，蚂蚁通过视觉评估与地面的距离来决定在链条中停留多久，由此推知，它们的决策基于视觉线索。故选C项。 6．主旨大意题。根据尾段中的“Similar to when we set ourselves a time limit for finding parking, ants set a distance limit by budgeting before giving up. (与我们为自己设定寻找停车位的时间限制类似，蚂蚁在放弃之前会通过预算设定一个距离限制。)”以及上文中对织工蚁在面对不确定性时如何通过预算资源来决定是否构建链条的介绍可知，本文主要介绍的是织工蚁如何在面对不确定性时“预算”资源，这与人类预算时间和资源的行为类似，由此可推，C选项“Budgeting in Weaver Ants(织工蚁的预算行为)”与本文的主题一致，可以作为最佳标题。故选C项。 （七） （2025年天津市宝坻区第一中学一模） A study conducted by Cornell University examined how the use of AI in conversations impacts the way people express themselves and view each other. The researchers have found people have more efficient conversations, use more positive language and perceive each other more positively when using an AI-enabled chat tool. However the group also found that when participants think their partner is using more AI-suggested responses, they consider that partner as less cooperative. “I was surprised to find people tend to evaluate you more negatively simply because they suspect you’re using AI to help compose text, regardless of whether you actually are,” said Jess Hohenstein, the lead researcher. “This illustrates the continuous overall doubt that people seem to have around AI.” For their first experiment, participants were asked to talk about a policy issue and assigned to one of three conditions: both participants can use smart replies; only one participant can use smart replies; or neither participant can use smart replies. Researchers found that using smart replies increased communication efficiency, positive emotional language and positive evaluations by communication partners. On average, smart replies accounted for 14.3% of sent messages. But participants whose partners suspected of responding with smart replies were evaluated more negatively than those who were thought to have typed their own responses, consistent with common assumptions about the negative implications of AI. “While AI might be able to help you write,” Hohenstein said, “it’s altering your language in ways you might not expect, especially by making you sound more positive. This suggests that by, using text-generating AI, you’re giving up some of your-own personal voice.” Malte Jung, an associate professor, said, “What we observe in this study is the impact that AI has on social dynamics and some of the unintended consequences that could result from integrating AI in social contexts. This suggests that whoever controls the algorithm (算法) may have influence on people’s interactions, language and insights into each other.” 1．Which of the following statements does Jess Hohenstein agree with? A．AI always expresses in ways you expect. B．Algorithm will never influence people’s insights. C．Trust can be affected by using AI in conversation. D．You will regain your voice by using AI in conversation. 2．How do the researchers draw their conclusion? A．By analyzing figures. B．By performing a survey. C．By conducting experiments. D．By making comparisons. 3．How will a person feel about suspecting his partner’s using smart replies? A．Nervous. B．Uncomfortable. C．Excited. D．Puzzled. 4．According to the passage, what are the unexpected consequences of using text- generating AI? A．Your language remains unchanged. B．It doesn’t alter speakers’ insights into each other. C．It makes the speaker sound more negative. D．You are losing some of your personal style. 5．What is the passage primarily about? A．Methods of using AI in conversations. B．Efficiency of using AI in conversations. C．Convenience of using AI in conversations. D．Impacts of using AI in conversations. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍康奈尔大学的一项研究，探讨了人工智能在对话中的使用如何影响人们的表达方式和相互看法。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““I was surprised to find people tend to evaluate you more negatively simply because they suspect you’re using AI to help compose text, regardless of whether you actually are,” said Jess Hohenstein, the lead researcher.(首席研究员Jess Hohenstein说：“让我惊讶的是，人们往往会因为怀疑你使用AI来帮助编写文本而对你产生更负面的评价，无论你是否真的在使用。”)”可知，这表明了Jess Hohenstein认为在对话中使用AI会影响信任。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“For their first experiment, participants were asked to talk about a policy issue and assigned to one of three conditions: both participants can use smart replies; only one participant can use smart replies; or neither participant can use smart replies.(在第一项实验中，参与者被要求讨论一个政策问题，并被分配到三种情况之一：双方都可以使用智能回复；只有一方可以使用智能回复；或者双方都不能使用智能回复。)”可知，研究者是通过实验来得出结论的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“But participants whose partners suspected of responding with smart replies were evaluated more negatively than those who were thought to have typed their own responses, consistent with common assumptions about the negative implications of AI.(但是，当参与者怀疑对方使用智能回复进行回复时，他们对对方的评价要比认为对方是自己打字回复时的评价更负面，这与人们对AI负面影响的普遍看法一致。)”可知，人们会因为怀疑伙伴使用智能回复而感到不舒服或产生负面评价。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第七段““While AI might be able to help you write,” Hohenstein said, “it’s altering your language in ways you might not expect, especially by making you sound more positive. This suggests that by, using text-generating AI, you’re giving up some of your-own personal voice.”(Hohenstein说：“虽然AI可能有助于写作，但它会以你可能意想不到的方式改变你的语言，尤其是让你听起来更加积极。这表明，通过使用文本生成AI，你正在放弃自己的一部分个人声音。”)”可知，使用文本生成AI，人们会放弃一些自己的个人声音或风格。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A study conducted by Cornell University examined how the use of AI in conversations impacts the way people express themselves and view each other.(康奈尔大学进行的一项研究探讨了人工智能（AI）在对话中的使用如何影响人们的表达方式和相互看法。)”以及全文内容可知，文章通过介绍康奈尔大学的研究，探讨了AI在对话中的使用如何影响人们的表达方式和相互看法，以及可能导致的信任问题和个人风格的丧失等。故选D。 （八） （2025年天津市部分区一模） Not all memories are sweet. Some spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relieve these experiences in nightmares. Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase the effect of painful memories. In November experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased. The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. “Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman, a professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. “This could relieve a lot of that suffering.” But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past. “All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I’m not sure we’d want to wipe those memories out,” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist. Some people fear that although the drug would first be used in only very serious cases, it would become more and more common. “People always have the ability to misuse science,” said Joseph LeDoux, a New York University memory researcher. “All we want to do is to help people have better control of memories.” 1．What is the main purpose of the pill being developed by American researchers? A．To enhance happy memories. B．To erase all memories of an event. C．To reduce the impact of bad memories. D．To help people sleep better after work. 2．How does the drug work? A．It stops the body from releasing certain chemicals. B．It helps the body release more chemicals. C．It directly erases the memories in the brain. D．It helps people sleep better. 3．Which group will benefit from the pill according to the passage? A．Students with exam anxiety. B．Soldiers returning from war. C．Elderly people with memory loss. D．Doctors treating physical injuries. 4．Which statement reflects Rebecca Dresser’s view on bad memories? A．They should always be erased. B．They contribute to personal growth. C．They are not related to identity. D．They require medical treatment. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．The pill has been widely used. B．The research has no practical value. C．We should use the drug properly. D．Everyone is in favor of the research. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了美国研究人员开发的一种旨在帮助人们减轻或消除痛苦记忆影响的药物，及其引发的争议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase the effect of painful memories.(如今，美国研究人员认为他们即将研制出一种药丸，这种药丸将帮助人们忘却糟糕的记忆。这种药丸的设计是让人在经历可怕的事情后立即服用。他们希望该药能够减轻，甚至有可能消除痛苦记忆所带来的影响)”可知，美国研究者开发这种药的主要目的是减少坏记忆的影响。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain.(这种药物阻止身体释放化学物质，这些化学物质会在大脑中固定记忆)”可知，这种药物的工作原理是阻止身体释放某些化学物质。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war.(支持者表示，这可能会催生出一种药物，用于预防或治疗士兵战后令人困扰的记忆)”可知，从这种药中受益的群体可能是从战争中归来的士兵。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段中的““All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I’m not sure we’d want to wipe those memories out,” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.(“我们所有人都能想到生活中那些在当时很可怕的糟糕事件，但正是这些事件造就了今天的我们。我不确定我们是否想要抹去那些记忆。” 医学伦理学家Rebecca Dresser说道)”可知，Rebecca Dresser认为我们生活中那些当时很可怕的坏事造就了现在的我们，也就是坏记忆有助于个人成长。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Some people fear that although the drug would first be used in only very serious cases, it would become more and more common. “People always have the ability to misuse science,” said Joseph LeDoux, a New York University memory researcher.(一些人担心，尽管这种药物最初只会在非常严重的情况下使用，但它会变得越来越普遍。纽约大学记忆研究者Joseph LeDoux说：“人们总是有能力滥用科学。”)”及最后一段“All we want to do is to help people have better control of memories.(我们想要做的一切就是帮助人们更好地掌控记忆)”可知，有人担心科学会被滥用，而研究者想要做的是帮助人们更好地控制记忆，由此可推断出我们应该正确使用这种药物。故选C。 （九） （2025年天津市耀华中学一模） Most taxi drivers need a smartphone to get to their destinations. But sharks, it seems, need nothing more than their own bodies — and Earth’s magnetic (磁的) field. A new study suggests some sharks can read Earth’s field like a map and use it to travel long distances with accuracy. Since the 1970s, researchers have suspected that some fish can detect magnetic fields. But no one had shown that sharks use the fields to find their location or navigate (导航), partly because the animals aren’t so easy to work with. It’s one thing if you have a small fish, or a baby sea turtle, but when you work with sharks, you have to upscale everything. Bryan Keller, an ecologist at Florida State University, and his colleagues decided to do just that. They lined a bedroom-size cage with wire and placed a small swimming pool in the center of the cage. By running an electrical current through the wiring, they could generate a custom magnetic field in the center of the pool. The team then collected 20 young bonnet — head sharks — a species known to migrate hundreds of kilometers — off the Florida coast. They placed the sharks into the pool, one at a time, and let them swim freely under three different magnetic fields, applied in random succession. One field mimicked (模仿) Earth’s natural field at the spot where the sharks were collected, while the others mimicked the fields at locations 600 kilometers north and 600 kilometers south of their homes. They used software to track the sharks’ responses, observing which direction in the tank they were trying to swim towards. When the young sharks were exposed to the magnetic field of the place they were captured, or ‘home’, they stayed put. But when subjected to the southern magnetic field, the sharks persistently changed their headings to swim north, as if tying to get back home. This suggests that the sharks were using the magnetic field to guide them, similar to how humans use GPS. Surprisingly, the researchers found that the sharks didn’t favor any direction when swimming under the northern field. Keller says this might be because they don’t go north of their home location since there is only land there, and so they rarely have to find their way back south again. “This could support the theory that their ability to go back home is a learned behavior,” he says. They might not know what to do in the northern field because “they’ve never been up there.” says Keller. Keller’s research adds a significant piece to the still-incomplete puzzle of shark biology. Sharks have been declining at an alarming rate due to mostly overfishing and habitat change. Studying the life cycles and migration patterns of sharks can help us understand what areas to protect when managing marine spaces. 1．The comparison between taxi drivers and sharks in the first paragraph serves to ________. A．highlight the simplicity of sharks’ navigation ability B．criticize the dependence of human beings on technology C．introduce the topic with a familiar everyday situation D．claim sharks’ abilities surpass human inventions 2．Why is it difficult for researchers to prove that sharks can read Earth’s magnetic field? A．Because it’s too hard to follow and observe sharks in nature. B．Because sharks are fierce and unfriendly to human beings. C．Because sharks are difficult to study in a laboratory setting. D．Because most sharks are on the list of endangered species. 3．According to Keller, what might be the reason why sharks don’t favor any direction when swimming under the northern magnetic field? A．They don’t like the climate in the north. B．They’ve never been to the north of their home before. C．They learned to do so when they were young. D．The northern magnetic field was not strong enough. 4．From the passage, we can infer that Keller’s research is significant because it ________. A．provides a new approach to studying sharks in the ocean. B．supports the idea that sharks’ migration patters are random. C．adds crucial information to our understanding of shark biology. D．suggests that sharks should be protected from overfishing. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Sharks use Earth’s magnetic field to find their way on seas. B．Researchers discovered a new way to study sharks in labs. C．Shark populations are declining due to habitat change. D．Sharks have a learned behavior of returning to their home. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现鲨鱼能利用地球磁场导航进行长途旅行 。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Most taxi drivers need a smartphone to get to their destinations. But sharks, it seems, need nothing more than their own bodies — and Earth’s magnetic field. A new study suggests some sharks can read Earth’s field like a map and use it to travel long distances with accuracy.(大多数出租车司机需要智能手机才能到达目的地。但鲨鱼似乎只需要自己的身体和地球的磁场。一项新的研究表明，一些鲨鱼可以像看地图一样读取地球的磁场，并利用它进行精确的长距离旅行)”可知，第一段通过对比出租车司机依赖智能手机导航与鲨鱼仅靠自身和地球磁场导航，旨在以熟悉的日常情境引入鲨鱼利用地球磁场导航这一话题。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“But no one had shown that sharks use the fields to find their location or navigate, partly because the animals aren’t so easy to work with. It’s one thing if you have a small fish, or a baby sea turtle, but when you work with sharks, you have to upscale everything.(但没有人证明鲨鱼会利用磁场来定位或导航，部分原因是这些动物不太容易研究。如果你有一条小鱼或一只小海龟，那是一回事，但当你研究鲨鱼时，你必须升级所有东西)”可知，研究人员很难证明鲨鱼可以读取地球磁场是因为鲨鱼太大，很难在实验室环境中研究。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Surprisingly, the researchers found that the sharks didn’t favor any direction when swimming under the northern field. Keller says this might be because they don’t go north of their home location since there is only land there, and so they rarely have to find their way back south again. “This could support the theory that their ability to go back home is a learned behavior,” he says. They might not know what to do in the northern field because “they’ve never been up there.” says Keller.(令人惊讶的是，研究人员发现，当鲨鱼在北方磁场下游动时，它们不倾向于任何方向。凯勒说，这可能是因为它们不会去家乡以北的地方，因为那里只有陆地，所以它们很少需要再次找到返回南方的路。他说，“这可能支持了它们回家能力是一种后天习得行为的理论。”凯勒说，它们可能不知道在北方磁场下该做什么，因为“它们从未去过那里”)”可知，鲨鱼在北方磁场下不倾向于任何方向，可能是因为它们从未去过家以北的地方。故选B。 4．细节理解题。 根据最后一段“Keller’s research adds a significant piece to the still-incomplete puzzle of shark biology.(凯勒的研究为尚未完成的鲨鱼生物学拼图增添了重要的一块)”可知，凯勒的研究为理解鲨鱼生物学增添了关键信息。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A new study suggests some sharks can read Earth’s field like a map and use it to travel long distances with accuracy.(一项新的研究表明，一些鲨鱼可以像地图一样读懂地球的磁场，并准确地用它来长距离旅行)”可知，文章主要讲述了研究发现鲨鱼利用地球磁场在海洋中寻路。故选A。 （十） （2025年天津市十二区重点学校一模） Teen brains aged faster than normal from stress by at least three years, a study has found. The study, published in Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science, was the first to compare examinations of the physical structures of teenagers’ brains from before and after the stress started, and to document significant differences. Researchers knew teens had higher levels of depression, anxiety and fearfulness than before the stress. But we knew nothing about the effects on their brains. The researchers found growth in brain areas that control access to some memories and help control fear, stress and other emotions. Premature (过早的) aging of kids’ brains isn’t a positive development. Their stressful childhood experiences not only make people easier to suffer from depression, anxiety and other mental illnesses, but they can raise the risk of cancer, heart disease and other long-term negative outcomes. The scientists tried to make out how the stress itself may have impacted the physical structure of the children’s brains and their mental health. They matched pairs of children with the same age, gender and stress. “That allowed us to compare 16-year-olds before the stress with different 16-year-olds assessed after the stress,” said Ian Gotlib, a psychology professor at Stanford University. To determine the brain age of their samples, the researchers fed their brain examinations into a machine-learning model for predicting brain age developed by the ENIGMA-Brain Age working group, a co-operation among scientists who share their brain image data sets. They also appraised mental health outcomes reported by the matched pairs. They found more severe symptoms of anxiety, depression and internalizing (内在化的) problems in the group that had experienced the stress. Dan Siegel, clinical professor of psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine, noted that many individuals experience post-traumatic (创伤后的) growth after a stressful experience. “This is a useful initial study,” agreed David Fassler, clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Vermont. “I expect the results will inform the design of future research initiatives.” 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Researchers had a good knowledge of aging. B．Stress greatly influenced teenagers’ brains. C．Brain growth improved teenagers’ happiness. D．Bad memories resulted in negative emotions. 2．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The positive development of teenage brains. B．The stressful childhood experience of teenagers. C．The impact of premature aging of kids’ brains. D．The mental illness that teenagers suffer. 3．Why was the machine-learning model developed? A．To satisfy the need of the market. B．To analyze the brain age of samples. C．To predict mental health outcomes. D．To solve internalizing problems. 4．What’s probably the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 5? A．behaved B．complained C．objected D．evaluated 5．What was David Fassler’s attitude to the study? A．Favorable. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现压力使青少年大脑老化加速，影响其心理健康，并探讨了这种现象的成因及未来研究方向。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Teen brains aged faster than normal from stress by at least three years, a study has found.(一项研究发现，压力使青少年的大脑衰老速度比正常情况快至少三年)”和第二段中“The researchers found growth in brain areas that control access to some memories and help control fear, stress and other emotions.(研究人员发现，控制某些记忆和控制恐惧、压力和其他情绪的大脑区域有所增长)”可知，研究发现青少年的大脑因压力而过快衰老，并且压力影响了大脑中控制某些记忆和情绪的区域，故从前两段我们可以了解到压力对青少年的大脑有很大影响。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Premature (过早的) aging of kids’ brains isn’t a positive development. Their stressful childhood experiences not only make people easier to suffer from depression, anxiety and other mental illnesses, but they can raise the risk of cancer, heart disease and other long-term negative outcomes.(孩子大脑的过早衰老并不是一种积极的发展。他们充满压力的童年经历不仅使人们更容易患上抑郁症、焦虑症和其他精神疾病，而且还可能增加患癌症、心脏病和其他长期负面结果的风险)”可知，第三段主要讲的是孩子大脑过早衰老的影响。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“To determine the brain age of their samples, the researchers fed their brain examinations into a machine-learning model for predicting brain age developed by the ENIGMA-Brain Age working group, a co-operation among scientists who share their brain image data sets.(为了确定样本的脑龄，研究人员将他们的大脑检查结果输入了一个由ENIGMA脑龄工作组开发的用于预测脑龄的机器学习模型中。ENIGMA脑龄工作组是一个由科学家们组成的合作团体，他们共享各自的大脑图像数据集)”可知，开发这个机器学习模型是为了确定样本的脑龄，即分析样本的脑龄。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在段落“They also appraised mental health outcomes reported by the matched pairs. They found more severe symptoms of anxiety, depression and internalizing (内在化的) problems in the group that had experienced the stress.(他们还appraised配对儿童所报告的心理健康结果。他们发现，在经历过压力的那一组中，焦虑、抑郁以及内化问题等症状更为严重)”可知，研究人员对匹配的儿童所报告的心理健康结果进行了某种操作，然后发现了经历压力的组中有更严重的焦虑、抑郁等问题，可推测“appraised”意思是“评估”，与“evaluated”意思相近。A. behaved表现；B. complained抱怨；C. objected反对；D. evaluated评估。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““This is a useful initial study,” agreed David Fassler, clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Vermont. “I expect the results will inform the design of future research initiatives.”(佛蒙特大学精神病学临床教授David Fassler表示：“这是一项有用的初步研究。我预计研究结果将为未来研究计划的设计提供信息。”)”可推知，David Fassler对这项研究持支持态度。A. Favorable支持的；B. Indifferent冷漠的；C. Doubtful怀疑的；D. Unclear不清楚的。故选A。 （十一） （2025年天津市红桥区一模） An AI from Google DeepMind has achieved a silver medal score at this year’s International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), the first time any AI has made it to the podium (领奖台). The IMO is considered the world’s most famous competition for young mathematicians. In January, Google DeepMind demonstrated AlphaGeometry, an AI system that could answer some IMO geometry questions as well as humans. However, this was not from a live competition, and it couldn’t answer questions from other mathematical disciplines. Google DeepMind has now released a new AI, called AlphaProof, which can solve a wider range of mathematical problems. It is an improved version of AlphaGeometry that can solve more geometry questions. When the team tested both systems together on this year’s IMO questions, they answered four out of six questions correctly, giving them a score of 28 out of a possible 42 points. This was enough to win a silver medal and just one point under this year’s gold medal threshold (门槛). At the contest in Bath, UK, 58 competitors won a gold medal and 123 won a silver medal. “We are all very much aware that AI will eventually be better than humans at solving most mathematical problems, but the rate at which AI is improving is breathtaking,” says Gregor Dolinar, the IMO president. “Missing the gold medal at IMO 2024 by just one point a few days ago is truly impressive.” While AlphaProof’s performance is impressive, it works slowly, taking up to three days to find some solutions instead of the 4. 5 hours per three questions that competitors are allowed. It also failed to answer both questions on combinatorics, which is the study of counting and arranging numbers. “We are still working to understand why this is, which will hopefully lead us to improve the system,” says Alex Davies at Google DeepMind. 1．What do we know about AlphaProof in paragraph 3? A．Its all functions. B．Its potential clients. C．Its advantages over AlphaGeometry. D．Its abilities to analyse problems. 2．What can be learned about this year’s International Mathematical Olympiad? A．It took place in Bath, UK. B．There were 10 questions in the contest. C．181 competitors took part in the contest. D．This year’s gold medal threshold was 30 points. 3．What is one of the limitations of AlphaProof? A．It can only solve geometry-related problems. B．It is much slower than human competitors in answering questions. C．It has difficulty in understanding the basic concepts of mathematics. D．It requires a large amount of computing resources to function 4．What may be Alex Davies’ attitude to the development of AlphaProof? A．Neutral. B．Uncaring. C．Disapproving. D．Positive. 5．What’s the best title of the text? A．DeepMind AI Gets Silver Medal at IMO 2024 B．DeepMind AI Is Developed to Take Part in IMO 2024 C．AI Manages to Solve Difficult Mathematical Problems Well D．AI Will Be Better than Humans at Solving Mathematical Problems 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇新文报道。文章报道了谷歌DeepMind研发的人工智能AlphaProof在2024年国际数学奥林匹克竞赛中获得银牌，还阐述了其优势、局限性等情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Google DeepMind has now released a new AI, called AlphaProof, which can solve a wider range of mathematical problems. It is an improved version of AlphaGeometry that can solve more geometry questions.(谷歌DeepMind现在发布了一种新的人工智能，名为AlphaProof，它可以解决更广泛的数学问题。它是AlphaGeometry的改进版本，可以解决更多的几何问题)”可知，AlphaProof优于AlphaGeometry，它能解决更广泛的数学问题和更多几何问题。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“At the contest in Bath, UK, 58 competitors won a gold medal and 123 won a silver medal.(在英国巴斯举行的比赛中，58名参赛者获得金牌，123名获得银牌)”可知，今年的国际数学奥林匹克竞赛在英国巴斯举行。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中“While AlphaProof’s performance is impressive, it works slowly, taking up to three days to find some solutions instead of the 4. 5 hours per three questions that competitors are allowed.(虽然AlphaProof的表现令人印象深刻，但它的工作速度很慢，找到一些解决方案需要长达三天的时间，而不是参赛者被允许的每三道题4.5小时)”可知，AlphaProof在回答问题方面比人类参赛者慢得多。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Alex Davies的话“We are still working to understand why this is, which will hopefully lead us to improve the system(我们仍在努力弄清楚为什么会这样，这有望让我们改进这个系统)”可知，Alex Davies表示正在努力寻找问题原因以改进系统，由此可推断他对AlphaProof的发展持积极态度。故选D项。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“An AI from Google DeepMind has achieved a silver medal score at this year’s International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), the first time any AI has made it to the podium (领奖台).(谷歌DeepMind的一款人工智能在今年的国际数学奥林匹克竞赛(IMO)中获得了银牌成绩，这是人工智能首次登上领奖台)”以及后文围绕该人工智能在竞赛中的表现等内容的介绍可知，文章主要讲述的是谷歌DeepMind的人工智能在2024年国际数学奥林匹克竞赛中获得银牌这一事件。A选项“DeepMind AI Gets Silver Medal at IMO 2024 (DeepMind人工智能在2024年国际数学奥林匹克竞赛中获得银牌)”能概括文章主要内容，最适合做文章标题。故选A项。 （十二） （2025年天津市河东区一模） Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to, a Common Sense Media report published Monday. While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session. When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read. As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom (逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore. 1．What is the Common Sense Media report probably about? A．Children’s reading habits. B．Quality of children’s books. C．Children’s after-class activities. D．Parent-child relationships. 2．Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”? A．In Paragraph 2. B．In Paragraph 3. C．In Paragraph 4. D．In Paragraph 5. 3．Why do many parents limit electronic reading? A．E-books are of poor quality. B．It could be a waste of time. C．It may harm children’s health. D．E-readers are expensive. 4．How should parents encourage their children to read more? A．Act as role models for them. B．Ask them to write book reports. C．Set up reading groups for them. D．Talk with their reading class teachers. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The decline of reading among teenagers and its causes. B．Strategies for parents to encourage their children to read more. C．The impact of technology on children’s reading habits. D．A report revealing reading habits of children and teenagers. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。《常识媒体》的报告显示，孩子快乐阅读的情况大大减少。作者从阅读乐趣、阅读时间、阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度介绍了报告的内容，同时报告指出，家长的榜样示范对儿童阅读习惯的培养作用非凡。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to, a Common Sense Media report published Monday.(周一发布的一份《常识媒体》报告显示，青少年和年龄更小的孩子为了娱乐而阅读的时间大大减少了)”和第二段中“some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading(报告中的一些数据显示，阅读仍然是许多孩子生活的重要组成部分，并指出父母应该如何帮助鼓励更多的阅读)” 可知，报告中的一些数据显示阅读仍然占据了孩子们生活中的大部分时间，所以该报告有可能是关于孩子阅读习惯的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”(根据该报告的主要发现，“认为自己‘很少’为了乐趣而阅读的比例已经从1984年13岁的8%和17岁的9%分别上升到现在的22%和27%。”)”可知，第三段用数据来支持第一段提出的观点“孩子们阅读的乐趣越来越少了”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.(它确实指出，许多父母仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心屏幕时间增加)”可知，许多家长限制电子阅读是因屏幕时间增加可能会伤害孩子的健康。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.(报告中分享的最有希望的数据显示，有明确的证据表明，在阅读方面，父母可以为孩子提供榜样和重要的指导)”可知，父母可以通过榜样示范来鼓励孩子阅读。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to, a Common Sense Media report published Monday.(周一发布的一份《常识媒体》报告显示，青少年和年龄更小的孩子为了娱乐而阅读的时间大大减少了)” 可知，本文介绍了一份常识性媒体报告，青少年和年龄较小的孩子为了娱乐而阅读的时间大大减少。专家指出阅读仍是许多孩子生活中的重要组成部分，父母应该在孩子阅读方面提供榜样和重要的指导。D项“一份揭示儿童和青少年阅读习惯的报告”能够总结文章大意，故选D。 （十三） （2025年天津市武清区杨村第一中学一模） Large gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution. The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smart phone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we all have when meeting somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, who created the app and tested it at an event attended by about 1,000 people. After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the app’s creators say it automatically deletes users’ data after an event. Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence praises the app’s creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.” The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness”, a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app. 1．According to the passage, what is the main purpose of SocialRecall? A．To provide a tool for social media marketing. B．To help people remember names and faces in social settings. C．To collect and store personal information for future use. D．To assist event organizers in managing attendance. 2．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________. A．how the app works B．how the app was created C．what makes the app popular D．what people can do with the app 3．SocialRecall helps people with prosopagnosia by________. A．giving names to the photos kept in their smartphones B．collecting information previously entered in the phone C．providing the information of a person when they first meet D．showing the person’s information when it spots a stored face 4．What can we learn about SocialRecall from the passage? A．It may put people’s privacy at risk. B．It has caused unintended consequences. C．It can prevent some communication disorders. D．It is praised by users for its protective measures. 5．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Future of Facial Recognition Technology B．SocialRecall: A New App for Face and Name Recognition C．Privacy Concerns in the Age of Facial Recognition D．How Technology Is Changing Social Interactions 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了帮助人们记忆人脸的一款应用程序，并对其特点以及工作原理进行了解释和说明。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A new facial-recognition app(一个面部识别应用程序)”和第二段第一句“The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smart phone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions.(这款名为SocialRecall的应用程序通过智能手机摄像头和面部识别功能，将姓名与面孔联系起来，可能避免了正式介绍的需要)”可知，SocialRecall帮助人们在社交场合记住名字和面孔。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile.(在收到活动组织者发出的下载SocialRecall的邀请后，用户被要求自拍两张，并通过社交媒体登录。在活动中，应用程序在预先定义的地理区域内激活。当用户将手机摄像头对准与会者的脸时，该应用程序就会识别此人，显示此人的姓名，并链接到他或她的社交媒体资料)”可知，第三段主要介绍这个应用程序是如何工作的，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed.(要使用这款应用，用户首先要从智能手机的摄像头或照片中获取某人的面部图像，然后给它加上一个名字。当摄像头在现实生活中发现同一张脸时，之前输入的信息就会显示出来)”可知，SocialRecall发现存储的人脸时，会显示该人的信息，从而帮助患“脸盲症”的人，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段中“She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that ‘there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.’(然而，她警告说，当人们选择在应用程序上分享他们的个人信息时，他们应该知道，‘这些信息可能会在未来产生意想不到的后果，这些后果可能会在另一个环境中被使用，这可能会反过来伤害你。’)”可知，SocialRecall可能会危及人们的隐私，故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Large gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution.(婚礼和会议等大型聚会可能会让人难以应付。记住别人名字的压力只会增加压力。一个新的面部识别应用程序可能会来拯救，但隐私专家建议谨慎行事)”可知，文章主要介绍了帮助人们记忆人脸的一款应用程序，并对其特点以及工作原理进行了解释和说明，B项“SocialRecall：一款新的人脸和名字识别应用”为最佳标题，故选B。 （十四） （2025年天津市滨海新区塘沽第一中学一模） As people are becoming more socially conscious about where their food comes from and how it impacts the planet, they are choosing animal-free plant-based options. Cow-free meat has been around for quite some time and the popularity of brands like Beyond Meat and cultivated meat from Aleph Farms and others are soaring. While there are a large number of plant-based milk substitutes, none of them have the same taste of cow’s milk. Now, an Israeli food-tech startup Remilk created real dairy products without harming a single cow or the planet. The company stresses that their product Remilk is not a milk substitute but rather is the real deal. Made from a special process called microbial fermentation (微生物发酵), milk is manufactured in a lab instead of in a cow. And the end product is very healthy. “In a very simple way, we take the gene that encodes for the milk protein,” said Aviv Wolff, CEO of Remilk.”The gene functions as an instruction book for the production of the protein it encodes. And so, we insert the gene into a microbe that we’ve developed and it instructs our microbe to produce the specific protein in a very efficient way.” The company says that the lab-produced milk tastes identical to the real thing and they hope to eventually replace cows by creating every dairy product sold. They expect to roll out plant-based cheese and yogurt in addition to milk. “Remilk was founded with the mission to stop using animals to produce our food because, as dairy lovers, we realize that giving up on milk is not an option,” Wolff said. “But today’s milk comes with an unreasonable price tag. The dairy industry is destructive to our planet, our health, and our animals, and is simply not sustainable anymore.” The environmental price tag of dairy farming is way too high. According to the World Wildlife Fund, dairy cows add a huge amount of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and climate change as well as foul the air around them. Dairy operations consume large amounts of water and run-off of manure (粪肥) and fertilizers from these farms get into local waterways. The production of Remilk uses only 5 percent of the resources and produces only 1 percent of the waste of producing cow’s milk according to the company. And they accomplish this by being 100 percent cruelty-free unlike dairy farms. 1．What distinguishes Remilk from other milk substitutes? A．It enjoys broad popularity. B．It has the highest output. C．It comes in various flavours. D．It tastes the same as cow’s milk. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The production of Remilk. B．The nutritional value of Remilk. C．The role of gene in making protein. D．The process of microbial fermentation. 3．What can we know from Wolff’s words in paragraph 3? A．Remilk was set up for animal protection. B．Dairy industries should be shut down. C．Remilk aims to produce animal-free food. D．Prices of cow’s milk are soaring these days. 4．What does the underlined word “foul” probably mean in the last paragraph? A．Clean. B．Heat. C．Pollute. D．Consume. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．Drawing on gene technology, Remilk has developed a variety of dairy products. B．Conventional dairy industry is anything but eco-friendly. C．The new technology adopted by Remilk transforms the gene of cows. D．It’ll be some time before the public get accustomed to the milk substitutes. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一家以色列食品科技创业公司 Remilk 在不伤害任何一头奶牛或地球的情况下创造了真正的乳制品。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The company says that the lab-produced milk tastes identical to the real thing and they hope to eventually replace cows by creating every dairy product sold. (该公司表示，实验室生产的牛奶尝起来和真正的牛奶一样，他们希望最终能够通过生产每一种销售的乳制品来取代奶牛。)”可知，Remilk和其他牛奶替代品的不同之处在于它尝起来和牛奶一样。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Made from a special process called microbial fermentation(微生物发酵), milk is manufactured in a lab instead of in a cow. And the end product is very healthy. “In a very simple way, we take the gene that encodes for the milk protein,” said Aviv Wolff, CEO of Remilk.”The gene functions as an instruction book for the production of the protein it encodes. And so, we insert the gene into a microbe that we’ve developed and it instructs our microbe to produce the specific protein in a very efficient way.”(牛奶是由一种叫做微生物发酵的特殊过程制成的，牛奶是在实验室而不是在奶牛体内生产的。最终产品是非常健康的。Remilk 公司首席执行官阿维夫·沃尔夫(Aviv Wolff)说: “用一种非常简单的方法，我们取出牛奶蛋白质的编码基因。”这种基因的作用就像一本指导手册，指导它编码的蛋白质的生产。因此，我们把这个基因插入到我们已经培育出来的微生物中，它指导我们的微生物以一种非常有效的方式产生特定的蛋白质。”)”可知，第二段主要介绍了Remilk的生产过程，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中Wolff 所说的话“Remilk was founded with the mission to stop using animals to produce our food because, as dairy lovers, we realize that giving up on milk is not an option.(Remilk成立的初衷是停止使用动物生产我们的食物，因为作为乳制品爱好者，我们意识到放弃牛奶不是一种选择。)”可知，Remilk旨在生产非动物性食品。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段划线单词所在句子“According to the World Wildlife Fund, dairy cows add a huge amount of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and climate change as well as foul the air around them.(据世界野生动物基金会称，奶牛向大气层中排放了大量的温室气体，造成了全球变暖和气候变化，并foul它们周围的空气。)”可知，奶牛向大气层中排放了大量的温室气体，这会污染周围的空气，由此可推知，划线单词foul意为“污染”，与C项“Pollute(污染)”同义，故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The dairy industry is destructive to our planet, our health, and our animals, and is simply not sustainable anymore(乳制品行业对我们的地球、我们的健康和我们的动物都是破坏性的，而且不再是可持续的了)”和最后一段中“According to the World Wildlife Fund, dairy cows add a huge amount of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and climate change as well as foul the air around them. Dairy operations consume large amounts of water and run-off of manure(粪肥)and fertilizers from these farms get into local waterways. (奶牛养殖的环境代价太高了。据世界野生动物基金会称，奶牛给大气层增加了大量的温室气体，造成了全球变暖和气候变化，并污染了它们周围的空气。奶牛场消耗了大量的水，而这些农场排出的粪肥和肥料流入了当地的水道。)”可推知，传统的乳制品行业一点都不环保。故选B。 1 / 37 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$