热点话题02 科技领域的重大成就（话题阅读精练）英语高二通用版

热点话题02 科技领域的重大成就 教材相关主题 教材 单元 主题 人教版2019选择性必修一 Unit 2 科技发展的利与弊 外研版2019选择性必修三 Unit 4 未来与科技发展 译林版2020选择性必修二 Unit 4 科技发展及对生活的影响 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 321 讨论了直接空气捕获（DAC）这一技术性碳移除方式。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 335 介绍了加拿大艾伯塔省的冰雹抑制项目，该项目引发农民担忧，各方对此看法不一。 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 342 介绍了一种新型织物，这种织物可以利用阳光发电，为小型电子设备充电。 Passage 4 阅读理解 新闻报道 332 四足网红机器人狗Spot在挪威一家油气公司获得全职。 Passage 5 七选五阅读 说明文 267 介绍了科学的未来的人工智能和自动化。 Passage 6 语法填空 说明文 197 中国研究人员发现通过特殊细菌使土壤肥沃的新方法，可能实现月球农业发展的突破。 主题简析素材积累 本专题的主题语境为 “科技领域的重大成就”，该主题在英语课程标准中是关于 “人与社会” 主题下 “科技发展与信息技术创新” 的子话题。通过对这一主题的阅读学习，学生能够了解科技在各个领域带来的变革和突破，感受科技对人类社会发展的巨大推动作用，同时提升学生的科技英语阅读能力，培养学生对科技发展的关注和兴趣，激发学生的创新思维和探索精神。​ 句子积累 1.Great achievements have been made in... 在…… 方面取得了巨大成就。​ 例如：Great achievements have been made in artificial intelligence in recent years. 近年来在人工智能方面取得了巨大成就。​ 2.... has witnessed remarkable progress in... …… 见证了在…… 方面的显著进步。​ 例如：Our country has witnessed remarkable progress in space exploration. 我们国家见证了在太空探索方面的显著进步。​ 3.Thanks to..., ... has been transformed... 多亏了……，…… 已经被改变……​ 例如：Thanks to the development of 5G technology, the way we communicate and access information has been transformed. 多亏了 5G 技术的发展，我们交流和获取信息的方式已经被改变。​ 4.The breakthrough in... paves the way for... 在…… 方面的突破为…… 铺平了道路。​ 例如：The breakthrough in genetic engineering paves the way for the treatment of many incurable diseases. 基因工程方面的突破为许多不治之症的治疗铺平了道路。​ 5.With the rapid development of..., ... is becoming increasingly popular /important. 随着…… 的快速发展，…… 正变得越来越受欢迎 / 重要。​ 例如：With the rapid development of renewable energy, solar power is becoming increasingly popular. 随着可再生能源的快速发展，太阳能正变得越来越受欢迎。 必备词块 【技术与创新类】 technology（技术）、technological advancement（技术进步）、innovation（创新）、invention（发明）、scientific breakthrough（科学突破）、discovery（发现）、research and development (R&D)（研发）。 【具体技术领域类】 artificial intelligence (AI)（人工智能）、automation（自动化）、robotics（机器人技术）、nanotechnology（纳米技术）、biotechnology（生物技术）、virtual reality (VR)（虚拟现实）、cybersecurity（网络安全）、data storage（数据存储）、database（数据库）。 【设备与工具类】 digital device（数码设备）、electronic device（电子设备）、driverless car（无人驾驶汽车）、autonomous vehicle（自动驾驶汽车）、telescope（望远镜）、smart device（智能设备）。 【形容科技的形容词类】 cutting edge（尖端的）、state of the art（最先进的）、innovative（创新的）、advanced（先进的）、high tech（高科技的）、revolutionary（革命性的）、groundbreaking（开创性的）、efficient（高效的）。 【其他相关词块】 renewable energy（可再生能源）、3D printing（3D打印）、machine learning（机器学习）、information gap（信息差）、technology transfer（技术转移）。 实战演练 Passage 1 (2025届广东省普通高中毕业班上学期第二次调研考试英语试题）There’s so much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air that just planting trees and protecting forests won’t solve the problem. When plants and trees die, the carbon they’ve stored gets released again. Moreover, the CO2 in the atmosphere is much more dilute than in, for example, waste gas from a power station or a steel plant. Capturing CO2 from the air is the most expensive application of carbon capture. Direct Air Capture (DAC) is one type of technological carbon removal, which obtains CO2 directly from the atmosphere, at any location, unlike carbon capture which is generally carried out at the point of emissions. The CO2 can be permanently stored in deep geological formations or used for a variety of applications. Graphyte is a US company working on DAC． The company claims its carbon capture method is cheap, mainly because it lets plants do the work. The company collects unwanted wood products from farmers and furniture companies. It dries this “biomass” completely so that it can’t break down. Graphyte then smashes (打碎) the dried plants into small bricks which it seals in a special wrapper and buries deep underground. Graphyte says its process doesn’t use much energy and can work anywhere. The plant and tree material the process uses would release carbon if it wasn’t treated. And the cost is less than $100 to capture a ton of CO2. The company is building a factory, but it’s not running yet. Not everyone is excited about carbon removal. Some people worry that it will take too long for DAC technology to become powerful enough to make a difference. Others worry that focusing on removing carbon could take attention away from more important climate actions, like switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy. But experts say the decision isn’t to do one or the other. The world needs to end fossil fuel use and pull carbon out of the air. 1．What does the author mainly intend to tell us in the first paragraph? A．Trees can purify the air in the sky. B．Plants release more carbon dioxide. C．Removing carbon from the air is challenging. D．CO2 emission reduction is urgently needed. 2．What does the underlined word “dilute” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Beneficial. B．Thin. C．Harmful. D．Concentrated. 3．What can we know about Graphyte’s DAC project? A．Its cost is relatively low. B．It is in good operation now. C．Its working condition is demanding. D．It turns carbon into building materials. 4．What is the experts’ opinion about DAC technology? A．It will make a difference soon. B．It can replace renewable energy in time. C．It will result in more environmental concerns. D．It can work together with other climate measures. Passage 2 (云南省曲靖市宣威市第六中学2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题）On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals (冰晶) fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind (下风处)  of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought,” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit (官司) against cloud-seeding companies. Therefore, private climate engineering can continue in relative legal safety. 1．What does the project aim to do? A．Conserve moisture in the soil. B．Prevent the formation of hailstones. C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D．Investigate chemical use in farming. 2．Who are opposed to the project? A．Farmers in east-central Alberta. B．Managers of insurance companies. C．Provincial government officials. D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 3．Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D．To show the link between storms and moisture. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D．Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. Passage 3 (广东省广州市番禺区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末统考英语试题）We’ve all been in a position where our phone runs out of battery, but we don’t have anywhere to charge it. Well, what if the clothing you were wearing could help you out? It’s an option that isn’t as strange as you might think. Now the latest fashion breakthrough is taking “activewear” in an entirely new direction: researchers at Nottingham Trent University have developed a new fabric that can keep small devices charged. The prototype (原型) includes 1,200 tiny solar panels, each measuring just 5 by 1.5 millimeters. It can generate 400 milliwatts of electrical energy, enough to charge electronic devices. “Until now very few people have considered their clothing products could be used for charging electronic devices,” explains Theodore Hughes-Riley, an associate professor of Electronic Textiles. “The material which we have developed appears and behaves the same as any ordinary fabric, as it can be washed in a machine. Besides, because the tiny solar cells are comprised of silicon (硅), wearers aren’t able to even notice a discrepancy between the fabric’s composition and that of standard clothing.” Potential products include items like outerwear, backpacks and other carrying bags using the material, all of which could allow wearers to keep their devices charged during the day. “Electronic fabrics really have the potential to change people’s relationship with technology, as this prototype shows how we could live without charging many devices on the wall,” adds Theodore. Solar power innovations are key to transforming human society from fossil fuel technologies, and are coming into a variety of fields. The European Space Agency, for example, plans to experiment with solar panel systems orbiting above Earth. Since there are no real “days” or “nights” in space, potential solar power generation could be as much as 8 or 9 times greater than what’s currently achievable here on Earth’s surface. As powerful as that may one day be for us, it’s encouraging to know even changes like the composition of our clothing can help promote the necessary renewable energy shift for our species. 1．Why is the new fabric special? A．It can adjust people’ body temperatures. B．It can change clothes’ colors in the sun. C．It can produce electricity from sunlight. D．It is much tougher than standard clothing. 2．What does the underlined word “discrepancy” in paragraph 3mean? A．Distinction. B．Mismatch. C．Improvement. D．Similarity. 3．How does the innovation impact our relationship with technology according Theodore? A．By making electronic devices much cheaper. B．By decreasing the demand for fixed chargers. C．By making us more aware of our energy use. D．By increasing our dependence on electronics. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Solar power is more useful in space than on Earth. B．Solar energy will soon take the place of fossil fuels. C．Space exploration has no impact on Earth’s energy. D．Small changes can lead to a renewable energy future. Passage 4 Spot — the four-legged Internet-famous robot dog well-known for opening doors, climbing steps with ease, and even taking clean dishes out of the dishwasher — has just landed a full-time job at an oil and gas company in Norway. At some point this year, the Boston Dynamics robot will begin inspecting an Aker BP’s oil and gas production vessel (船) at the Skarv field in the Norwegian Sea, Bloomberg reports. There, it will examine the vessel carefully, look for oil and gas leaks (泄漏), and put together reports based on the data it collects. Aker BP, which has spent large amounts of money digitizing（数字化）the oil and gas industry, wants to use Spot to make offshore operations safer, the company said during a presentation of the robot in Oslo today. According to Bloomberg, Aker BP will run the tests with software controlled by its parent company. “These things never get tired. They have a greater ability to adapt(适应)and to collect data(数据),” Kjetel Digre, Aker BP’s Senior Vice President, told Bloomberg. CEO Karl Johnny Hersvik said that he was “pretty sure” more robots would finally join the operation in the future. Aker BP has an agreement with an AI software company called Cognite(智能科技) to work out which task Spot is best suited to, and then use it in the wild. They’ve already tested Spot in simulated (模拟的) environments. Boston Dynamics (动力学)has made Spot available for companies to employ since September 2019, and since then about 75 companies have used one. One is also working with the Massachusetts State Police bomb squad (爆破小组). Boston Dynamics said this won’t be the last time a robot dog lands a job. On its website, Boston Dynamics promotes(促进)Spot for use in construction, public safety, oil and gas applications, and even entertainment. 1．What will Spot do on an Aker BP’s oil and gas production vessel? A．Help operate it. B．Wash oil and gas pipes. C．Check for anything wrong. D．Test software controlling it. 2．What is the attitude of Aker BP’s leaders to robots like Spot? A．Curious. B．Uncertain. C．Doubtful. D．Confident. 3．Why did Aker BP work with Cognite? A．To develop Spot’s market. B．To make Spot have more abilities. C．To make sure Spot works well. D．To work out software for Spot. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The wide use of robot dogs. B．Aker BP’s plans for the future. C．A growing need for robot dogs. D．The promising future of Aker BP. Passage 5 Thanks to scientific and technological developments, billions of people today are living a better life than that of kings of centuries ago. 1 After all, despite all the progress we've made, the world faces many challenges in the 21st century: climate change, poverty and cancer, etc. Our best hope of dealing with these challenges is to make science and technology more productive. One practical way to achieve this is through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and laboratory automation. AI systems already possess superhuman scientific powers. They can remember massive volumes of facts and learn from huge datasets. 2 These powers are highly praised even by human scientists. 3 Robots can now carry out most of the laboratory tasks humans can. Then there’re AI Scientists: AI systems integrated with laboratory automations that are capable of carrying out the closed-loop (闭环) automation of scientific research. These systems automatically generate hypotheses (假设) to explain observations, design experiments to test these hypotheses, interpret the results and then repeat the cycle. Within the last year or so, the world has been astonished by the success of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, which have achieved ground-breaking performance on a wide range of conversation- based tasks. 4 This is associated with their capacity to read all the scientific literature and act as a source of scientific knowledge. However, the application of AI to science has the potential for harm. As a step towards preventing this, some scientists have prepared the Stockholm Declaration on AI for Science. 5 They urge all scientists working with AI to sign. A．They can carry out perfect logical reasoning. B．Today, laboratory automation is increasingly advancing. C．AI has the potential to transform the very process of thinking. D．These LLMs show great potential for super-charging AI Scientists. E．There’re now about 100 AI Scientists worldwide, working in various areas. F．However, it is deeply surprising how little appreciated this astonishing fact is. G．This commits the signees to the responsible and healthy development of AI for science. Passage 6 (浙江省杭州市西湖区西湖高中2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 Recently, researchers in China have found a new way to turn soil fertile, making 1 possible for humans to develop agriculture on the moon. In September, special bacteria 2 (introduce) into the soil and consequently they discovered that phosphorus, an important nutrient for plants, increased. By the end of October 2024, the researchers had conducted numerous 3 (experiment) and finally they made it. They grew a plant linked with the tobacco plant and used volcanic soil from the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, 4 is similar to lunar soil. They treated the moon-like soil with three different kinds of bacteria. By 5 (compare), the plants raised in the bacteria-treated soil grew 6 (well) than plants that grew in the soil without the bacteria. Xia Yitong, 7 co-author of the study, said carrying food, oxygen and water to people on the moon would be 8 (incredible) expensive. He added, “A plant cultivation system on the moon will meet long-term food and oxygen requirements for humans, thus contributing 9 the human life on the moon. Other plans to grow food on the moon that do not need soil are more costly as they require materials 10 (transport) from Earth.” 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点话题02 科技领域的重大成就 教材相关主题 教材 单元 主题 人教版2019选择性必修一 Unit 2 科技发展的利与弊 外研版2019选择性必修三 Unit 4 未来与科技发展 译林版2020选择性必修二 Unit 4 科技发展及对生活的影响 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 321 讨论了直接空气捕获（DAC）这一技术性碳移除方式。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 335 介绍了加拿大艾伯塔省的冰雹抑制项目，该项目引发农民担忧，各方对此看法不一。 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 342 介绍了一种新型织物，这种织物可以利用阳光发电，为小型电子设备充电。 Passage 4 阅读理解 新闻报道 332 四足网红机器人狗Spot在挪威一家油气公司获得全职。 Passage 5 七选五阅读 说明文 267 介绍了科学的未来的人工智能和自动化。 Passage 6 语法填空 说明文 197 中国研究人员发现通过特殊细菌使土壤肥沃的新方法，可能实现月球农业发展的突破。 素材积累 主题简析 本专题的主题语境为 “科技领域的重大成就”，该主题在英语课程标准中是关于 “人与社会” 主题下 “科技发展与信息技术创新” 的子话题。通过对这一主题的阅读学习，学生能够了解科技在各个领域带来的变革和突破，感受科技对人类社会发展的巨大推动作用，同时提升学生的科技英语阅读能力，培养学生对科技发展的关注和兴趣，激发学生的创新思维和探索精神。​ 句子积累 1.Great achievements have been made in... 在…… 方面取得了巨大成就。​ 例如：Great achievements have been made in artificial intelligence in recent years. 近年来在人工智能方面取得了巨大成就。​ 2.... has witnessed remarkable progress in... …… 见证了在…… 方面的显著进步。​ 例如：Our country has witnessed remarkable progress in space exploration. 我们国家见证了在太空探索方面的显著进步。​ 3.Thanks to..., ... has been transformed... 多亏了……，…… 已经被改变……​ 例如：Thanks to the development of 5G technology, the way we communicate and access information has been transformed. 多亏了 5G 技术的发展，我们交流和获取信息的方式已经被改变。​ 4.The breakthrough in... paves the way for... 在…… 方面的突破为…… 铺平了道路。​ 例如：The breakthrough in genetic engineering paves the way for the treatment of many incurable diseases. 基因工程方面的突破为许多不治之症的治疗铺平了道路。​ 5.With the rapid development of..., ... is becoming increasingly popular /important. 随着…… 的快速发展，…… 正变得越来越受欢迎 / 重要。​ 例如：With the rapid development of renewable energy, solar power is becoming increasingly popular. 随着可再生能源的快速发展，太阳能正变得越来越受欢迎。 必备词块 【技术与创新类】 technology（技术）、technological advancement（技术进步）、innovation（创新）、invention（发明）、scientific breakthrough（科学突破）、discovery（发现）、research and development (R&D)（研发）。 【具体技术领域类】 artificial intelligence (AI)（人工智能）、automation（自动化）、robotics（机器人技术）、nanotechnology（纳米技术）、biotechnology（生物技术）、virtual reality (VR)（虚拟现实）、cybersecurity（网络安全）、data storage（数据存储）、database（数据库）。 【设备与工具类】 digital device（数码设备）、electronic device（电子设备）、driverless car（无人驾驶汽车）、autonomous vehicle（自动驾驶汽车）、telescope（望远镜）、smart device（智能设备）。 【形容科技的形容词类】 cutting edge（尖端的）、state of the art（最先进的）、innovative（创新的）、advanced（先进的）、high tech（高科技的）、revolutionary（革命性的）、groundbreaking（开创性的）、efficient（高效的）。 【其他相关词块】 renewable energy（可再生能源）、3D printing（3D打印）、machine learning（机器学习）、information gap（信息差）、technology transfer（技术转移）。 实战演练 Passage 1 (2025届广东省普通高中毕业班上学期第二次调研考试英语试题）There’s so much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air that just planting trees and protecting forests won’t solve the problem. When plants and trees die, the carbon they’ve stored gets released again. Moreover, the CO2 in the atmosphere is much more dilute than in, for example, waste gas from a power station or a steel plant. Capturing CO2 from the air is the most expensive application of carbon capture. Direct Air Capture (DAC) is one type of technological carbon removal, which obtains CO2 directly from the atmosphere, at any location, unlike carbon capture which is generally carried out at the point of emissions. The CO2 can be permanently stored in deep geological formations or used for a variety of applications. Graphyte is a US company working on DAC． The company claims its carbon capture method is cheap, mainly because it lets plants do the work. The company collects unwanted wood products from farmers and furniture companies. It dries this “biomass” completely so that it can’t break down. Graphyte then smashes (打碎) the dried plants into small bricks which it seals in a special wrapper and buries deep underground. Graphyte says its process doesn’t use much energy and can work anywhere. The plant and tree material the process uses would release carbon if it wasn’t treated. And the cost is less than $100 to capture a ton of CO2. The company is building a factory, but it’s not running yet. Not everyone is excited about carbon removal. Some people worry that it will take too long for DAC technology to become powerful enough to make a difference. Others worry that focusing on removing carbon could take attention away from more important climate actions, like switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy. But experts say the decision isn’t to do one or the other. The world needs to end fossil fuel use and pull carbon out of the air. 1．What does the author mainly intend to tell us in the first paragraph? A．Trees can purify the air in the sky. B．Plants release more carbon dioxide. C．Removing carbon from the air is challenging. D．CO2 emission reduction is urgently needed. 2．What does the underlined word “dilute” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Beneficial. B．Thin. C．Harmful. D．Concentrated. 3．What can we know about Graphyte’s DAC project? A．Its cost is relatively low. B．It is in good operation now. C．Its working condition is demanding. D．It turns carbon into building materials. 4．What is the experts’ opinion about DAC technology? A．It will make a difference soon. B．It can replace renewable energy in time. C．It will result in more environmental concerns. D．It can work together with other climate measures. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讨论了直接空气捕获（DAC）这一技术性碳移除方式。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“There’s so much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air that just planting trees and protecting forests won’t solve the problem. When plants and trees die, the carbon they’ve stored gets released again. Moreover, the CO2 in the atmosphere is much more dilute than in, for example, waste gas from a power station or a steel plant. Capturing CO2 from the air is the most expensive application of carbon capture.(空气中二氧化碳（CO₂）含量过高，仅仅靠植树造林和保护森林并不能解决这一问题。当植物和树木死亡时，它们储存的碳会再次释放出来。此外，大气中的二氧化碳浓度比例如发电站或钢铁厂排放的废气中的二氧化碳浓度要低得多。从空气中捕获二氧化碳是碳捕获技术中成本最高的应用方式。)”可知，本段中作者旨在告诉我们除掉空气中的碳是具有挑战性的，故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“the CO2 in the atmosphere(大气中的二氧化碳)”和“waste gas from a power station or a steel plant(来自发电厂或钢铁厂的废气)”及常识可知，空气中的二氧化碳要比来自发电站或者钢铁厂的废气中的二氧化碳更稀薄，dilute的意思是“稀薄的”，和Thin意思相近。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段的“The company claims its carbon capture method is cheap, mainly because it lets plants do the work.(该公司声称其碳捕获方法很便宜，主要是因为它让植物来做这项工作。)”可知，这个公司声称它的碳捕捉方法比较便宜。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段的“But experts say the decision isn’t to do one or the other. The world needs to end fossil fuel use and pull carbon out of the air.(但专家表示，这个决定并不是选择其中之一。世界需要停止使用化石燃料，减少空气中的碳。)”可知，专家认为DAC技术可以与其他气候措施协同工作。故选D。 Passage 2 (云南省曲靖市宣威市第六中学2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题）On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals (冰晶) fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind (下风处)  of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought,” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit (官司) against cloud-seeding companies. Therefore, private climate engineering can continue in relative legal safety. 1．What does the project aim to do? A．Conserve moisture in the soil. B．Prevent the formation of hailstones. C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D．Investigate chemical use in farming. 2．Who are opposed to the project? A．Farmers in east-central Alberta. B．Managers of insurance companies. C．Provincial government officials. D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 3．Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D．To show the link between storms and moisture. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D．Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加拿大艾伯塔省的冰雹抑制项目，该项目引发农民担忧，各方对此看法不一。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals (冰晶) fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. (因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机向有威胁的风暴云团播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在长成危险的冰雹之前以雨的形式落下)”可知，该项目的目的是防止冰雹的形成。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east central Alberta — downwind (下风处)  of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. (但位于冰雹项目飞行路线下风处的艾伯塔省中东部的农民担心，人工降雨正在从他们干旱的土地上夺走宝贵的水分)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民担心这一项目会从他们干旱的土地上夺走宝贵的水分，所以他们会反对该项目。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“‘In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,’ Dr.Doswell says. ‘Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.’ (多斯韦尔博士说：‘1999年，我亲眼目睹了堪萨斯州一个播撒了云种的风暴云团形成了巨大的龙卷风。人工降雨会引发致命风暴或减少下风处的水分吗？当然，没有人真正知道，但播撒仍在继续。’)”可知，多斯韦尔博士提到他1999年看到的龙卷风是为了指出人工降雨可能存在的危险，会引发致命风暴。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit (官司) against cloud seeding companies. Therefore, private climate engineering can continue in relative legal safety. (由于缺乏关于其影响的科学证据，没有人成功打赢过针对人工降雨公司的官司。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法安全的情况下继续进行)”可知，针对人工降雨公司的官司没有胜算，所以它将继续存在。故选D项。 Passage 3 (广东省广州市番禺区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末统考英语试题）We’ve all been in a position where our phone runs out of battery, but we don’t have anywhere to charge it. Well, what if the clothing you were wearing could help you out? It’s an option that isn’t as strange as you might think. Now the latest fashion breakthrough is taking “activewear” in an entirely new direction: researchers at Nottingham Trent University have developed a new fabric that can keep small devices charged. The prototype (原型) includes 1,200 tiny solar panels, each measuring just 5 by 1.5 millimeters. It can generate 400 milliwatts of electrical energy, enough to charge electronic devices. “Until now very few people have considered their clothing products could be used for charging electronic devices,” explains Theodore Hughes-Riley, an associate professor of Electronic Textiles. “The material which we have developed appears and behaves the same as any ordinary fabric, as it can be washed in a machine. Besides, because the tiny solar cells are comprised of silicon (硅), wearers aren’t able to even notice a discrepancy between the fabric’s composition and that of standard clothing.” Potential products include items like outerwear, backpacks and other carrying bags using the material, all of which could allow wearers to keep their devices charged during the day. “Electronic fabrics really have the potential to change people’s relationship with technology, as this prototype shows how we could live without charging many devices on the wall,” adds Theodore. Solar power innovations are key to transforming human society from fossil fuel technologies, and are coming into a variety of fields. The European Space Agency, for example, plans to experiment with solar panel systems orbiting above Earth. Since there are no real “days” or “nights” in space, potential solar power generation could be as much as 8 or 9 times greater than what’s currently achievable here on Earth’s surface. As powerful as that may one day be for us, it’s encouraging to know even changes like the composition of our clothing can help promote the necessary renewable energy shift for our species. 1．Why is the new fabric special? A．It can adjust people’ body temperatures. B．It can change clothes’ colors in the sun. C．It can produce electricity from sunlight. D．It is much tougher than standard clothing. 2．What does the underlined word “discrepancy” in paragraph 3mean? A．Distinction. B．Mismatch. C．Improvement. D．Similarity. 3．How does the innovation impact our relationship with technology according Theodore? A．By making electronic devices much cheaper. B．By decreasing the demand for fixed chargers. C．By making us more aware of our energy use. D．By increasing our dependence on electronics. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Solar power is more useful in space than on Earth. B．Solar energy will soon take the place of fossil fuels. C．Space exploration has no impact on Earth’s energy. D．Small changes can lead to a renewable energy future. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了英国诺丁汉特伦特大学的研究人员开发的一种新型织物，这种织物可以利用阳光发电，为小型电子设备充电。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The prototype (原型) includes 1,200 tiny solar panels, each measuring just 5 by 1.5 millimeters. It can generate 400 milliwatts of electrical energy, enough to charge electronic devices.(原型机包括1200块微型太阳能电池板，每块只有5乘1.5毫米。它可以产生400毫瓦的电能，足以给电子设备充电)”可知，这种新型织物的特殊之处在于它能从阳光中产生电力，故选C项。 2．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The material which we have developed appears and behaves the same as any ordinary fabric, as it can be washed in a machine. (我们开发出的材料看起来和表现都与普通织物一样，因为它可以用洗衣机洗) ”开发出的材料看起来和表现都与普通织物一样，因此穿着者甚至不能注意到这种织物和普通衣服成分之间的差异之处。故划线词意为“差异”，与A选项“Distinction.(差别)”为同义词，故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中Theodore的话“Electronic fabrics really have the potential to change people’s relationship with technology, as this prototype shows how we could live without charging many devices on the wall, (电子织物真的有可能改变人们与技术的关系，因为这个原型展示了我们如何在不依赖墙上的许多充电设备的情况下生活)”可知，这种创新通过减少对固定充电器的需求来影响我们与技术的关系，故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As powerful as that may one day be for us, it’s encouraging to know even changes like the composition of our clothing can help promote the necessary renewable energy shift for our species. (尽管有一天这对我们来说可能会很强大，但令人鼓舞的是，即使是像我们的衣服成分这样的变化，也可以帮助促进我们物种必要的可再生能源转变)”可推知，微小的改变可以带来可再生能源的未来，故选D项。 Passage 4 Spot — the four-legged Internet-famous robot dog well-known for opening doors, climbing steps with ease, and even taking clean dishes out of the dishwasher — has just landed a full-time job at an oil and gas company in Norway. At some point this year, the Boston Dynamics robot will begin inspecting an Aker BP’s oil and gas production vessel (船) at the Skarv field in the Norwegian Sea, Bloomberg reports. There, it will examine the vessel carefully, look for oil and gas leaks (泄漏), and put together reports based on the data it collects. Aker BP, which has spent large amounts of money digitizing（数字化）the oil and gas industry, wants to use Spot to make offshore operations safer, the company said during a presentation of the robot in Oslo today. According to Bloomberg, Aker BP will run the tests with software controlled by its parent company. “These things never get tired. They have a greater ability to adapt(适应)and to collect data(数据),” Kjetel Digre, Aker BP’s Senior Vice President, told Bloomberg. CEO Karl Johnny Hersvik said that he was “pretty sure” more robots would finally join the operation in the future. Aker BP has an agreement with an AI software company called Cognite(智能科技) to work out which task Spot is best suited to, and then use it in the wild. They’ve already tested Spot in simulated (模拟的) environments. Boston Dynamics (动力学)has made Spot available for companies to employ since September 2019, and since then about 75 companies have used one. One is also working with the Massachusetts State Police bomb squad (爆破小组). Boston Dynamics said this won’t be the last time a robot dog lands a job. On its website, Boston Dynamics promotes(促进)Spot for use in construction, public safety, oil and gas applications, and even entertainment. 1．What will Spot do on an Aker BP’s oil and gas production vessel? A．Help operate it. B．Wash oil and gas pipes. C．Check for anything wrong. D．Test software controlling it. 2．What is the attitude of Aker BP’s leaders to robots like Spot? A．Curious. B．Uncertain. C．Doubtful. D．Confident. 3．Why did Aker BP work with Cognite? A．To develop Spot’s market. B．To make Spot have more abilities. C．To make sure Spot works well. D．To work out software for Spot. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The wide use of robot dogs. B．Aker BP’s plans for the future. C．A growing need for robot dogs. D．The promising future of Aker BP. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了四足网红机器人狗Spot在挪威一家油气公司获得全职工作的消息，详细介绍了Spot的工作内容、公司的用意、相关测试以及Spot的潜在应用和未来展望。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“At some point this year, the Boston Dynamics robot will begin inspecting an Aker BP’s oil and gas production vessel(船)at the Skarv field in the Norwegian Sea, Bloomberg reports. There, it will examine the vessel carefully, look for oil and gas leaks( 泄漏), and put together reports based on the data it collects.(据彭博社报道，今年的某个时候，这只波士顿动力公司生产的机器狗将开始检查阿克石油公司位于挪威海斯卡夫油田的一艘石油天然气生产船。在那里，它将仔细检查船只，寻找石油和天然气泄漏点，并根据收集到的数据整理出报告。)”可知，Spot将开始检查阿克石油公司在挪威海斯卡夫油田的一艘石油天然气生产船，它会仔细检查船只，寻找石油和天然气泄漏点，并根据收集到的数据整理出报告，也就是说Spot会在船上检查是否有任何问题。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““These things never get tired. They have a greater ability to adapt(适应)and to collect data(数据),” Kjetel Digre, Aker BP’s Senior Vice President, told Bloomberg. CEO Karl Johnny Hersvik said that he was “pretty sure” more robots would finally join the operation in the future.(“这些家伙永远不会累。它们有更强的适应能力和数据收集能力，”阿克石油公司高级副总裁Kjetel Digre告诉彭博社。首席执行官Karl Johnny Hersvik表示，他“非常确定”未来会有更多的机器人最终加入到这项作业中来。)”可知，阿克石油公司的领导们对像Spot这样的机器人持有积极和自信的态度，相信它们在工作中能发挥重要作用，并且相信未来会有更多类似机器人参与作业。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Aker BP has an agreement with an AI software company called Cognite(智能科技)to work out which task Spot is best suited to, and then use it in the wild. They’ve already tested Spot in simulated( 模拟的)environments.(阿克石油公司与一家名为Cognite的人工智能软件公司达成了一项协议，以确定Spot最适合执行哪些任务，然后将其投入实际应用。他们已经在模拟环境中对Spot进行了测试。)”可知，这一系列行为的目的是为了确保Spot能在实际工作中良好地发挥作用。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章最后一段“Boston Dynamics(动力学)has made Spot available for companies to employ since September 2019, and since then about 75 companies have used one. One is also working with the Massachusetts State Police bomb squad(爆破小组). Boston Dynamics said this won’t be the last time a robot dog lands a job. On its website, Boston Dynamics promotes(促进)Spot for use in construction, public safety, oil and gas applications, and even entertainment.(自2019年9月以来，波士顿动力公司就已将Spot提供给各公司租用，从那以后，大约有75家公司使用过它。其中一台Spot还在与马萨诸塞州警方的拆弹小组合作。波士顿动力公司表示，这不会是机器狗最后一次找到工作。在其网站上，波士顿动力公司宣传Spot可用于建筑、公共安全、石油天然气领域，甚至还可用于娱乐行业。)”可知，首先提到自2019年9月以来，波士顿动力公司已将Spot提供给各公司租用，大约有75家公司使用过它，其中一台还在与马萨诸塞州警方的拆弹小组合作，接着说明波士顿动力公司认为这不会是机器狗最后一次找到工作，并且该公司在网站上宣传Spot可用于建筑、公共安全、石油天然气领域，甚至娱乐行业，这些内容都在阐述Spot这种机器狗在不同领域被广泛使用的情况，由此可知，文章最后一段主要介绍的是机器人狗的广泛应用。故选A。 Passage 5 Thanks to scientific and technological developments, billions of people today are living a better life than that of kings of centuries ago. 1 After all, despite all the progress we've made, the world faces many challenges in the 21st century: climate change, poverty and cancer, etc. Our best hope of dealing with these challenges is to make science and technology more productive. One practical way to achieve this is through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and laboratory automation. AI systems already possess superhuman scientific powers. They can remember massive volumes of facts and learn from huge datasets. 2 These powers are highly praised even by human scientists. 3 Robots can now carry out most of the laboratory tasks humans can. Then there’re AI Scientists: AI systems integrated with laboratory automations that are capable of carrying out the closed-loop (闭环) automation of scientific research. These systems automatically generate hypotheses (假设) to explain observations, design experiments to test these hypotheses, interpret the results and then repeat the cycle. Within the last year or so, the world has been astonished by the success of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, which have achieved ground-breaking performance on a wide range of conversation- based tasks. 4 This is associated with their capacity to read all the scientific literature and act as a source of scientific knowledge. However, the application of AI to science has the potential for harm. As a step towards preventing this, some scientists have prepared the Stockholm Declaration on AI for Science. 5 They urge all scientists working with AI to sign. A．They can carry out perfect logical reasoning. B．Today, laboratory automation is increasingly advancing. C．AI has the potential to transform the very process of thinking. D．These LLMs show great potential for super-charging AI Scientists. E．There’re now about 100 AI Scientists worldwide, working in various areas. F．However, it is deeply surprising how little appreciated this astonishing fact is. G．This commits the signees to the responsible and healthy development of AI for science. 【答案】1．F 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．G 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要 1．根据上文“Thanks to scientific and technological developments, billions of people today are living a better life than that of kings of centuries ago.(由于科学技术的发展，今天数十亿人过着比几个世纪前国王更好的生活)”和下文“After all, despite all the progress we’ve made, the world faces many challenges in the 21st century: climate change, poverty and cancer, etc.(毕竟，尽管我们取得了如此多的进步，但在21世纪，世界仍面临着许多挑战:气候变化、贫困和癌症等)”可知，上下文是转折关系，F项“然而，令人深感惊讶的是，这个惊人的事实并不很受人们的欣赏”符合语境，故选F。 2．根据上文“They can remember massive volumes of facts and learn from huge datasets.(他们可以记住大量的事实，并从庞大的数据集中学习)”以及下文“These powers are highly praised even by human scientists.(这些能力甚至受到人类科学家的高度赞扬)”可知，空处和上文并列，说明人工智能的能力，A项“他们能进行完美的逻辑推理”符合语境，故选A。 3．根据下文“Robots can now carry out most of the laboratory tasks humans can. Then there' re AI Scientists: AI systems integrated with laboratory automations that are capable of carrying out the closed-loop (闭环) automation of scientific research.(机器人现在可以完成大部分人类能完成的实验室任务。还有人工智能科学家：人工智能系统与实验室自动化相结合，能够实现科学研究的闭环自动化)”可知，本段是描述实验室的自动化情况，B项“今天，实验室自动化正在不断推进”符合语境，故选B。 4．上文“Within the last year or so, the world has been astonished by the success of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, which have achieved ground- breaking performance on a wide range of conversation-based tasks.(在过去一年左右的时间里，像ChatGPT这样的大型语言模型(LLMs)取得了惊人的成功，它们在广泛的基于对话的任务中取得了突破性的表现)”提到一些大型语言模型的突出表现，D项“这些大型语言模型显示出了为人工智能科学家提供超级充电的巨大潜力”继续阐述它们的巨大潜能，符合语境，故选D。 5．上文“As a step towards preventing this, some scientists have prepared the Stockholm Declaration on AI for Science.(为了防止这种情况的发生，一些科学家准备了《关于人工智能促进科学的斯德哥尔摩宣言》)”提到一些科学家准备了《关于人工智能促进科学的斯德哥尔摩宣言》，G项“这就要求签约者以负责和有益身心的态度发展人工智能”描述该宣言的内容，符合语境，故选G。 Passage 6 (浙江省杭州市西湖区西湖高中2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 Recently, researchers in China have found a new way to turn soil fertile, making 1 possible for humans to develop agriculture on the moon. In September, special bacteria 2 (introduce) into the soil and consequently they discovered that phosphorus, an important nutrient for plants, increased. By the end of October 2024, the researchers had conducted numerous 3 (experiment) and finally they made it. They grew a plant linked with the tobacco plant and used volcanic soil from the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, 4 is similar to lunar soil. They treated the moon-like soil with three different kinds of bacteria. By 5 (compare), the plants raised in the bacteria-treated soil grew 6 (well) than plants that grew in the soil without the bacteria. Xia Yitong, 7 co-author of the study, said carrying food, oxygen and water to people on the moon would be 8 (incredible) expensive. He added, “A plant cultivation system on the moon will meet long-term food and oxygen requirements for humans, thus contributing 9 the human life on the moon. Other plans to grow food on the moon that do not need soil are more costly as they require materials 10 (transport) from Earth.” 【答案】 1．it 2．were introduced 3．experiments 4．which 5．comparison 6．better 7．a 8．incredibly 9．to 10．to be transported 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国研究人员发现通过特殊细菌使土壤肥沃的新方法，可能实现月球农业发展的突破。 1．考查代词。句意：最近，中国的研究人员发现了一种使土壤肥沃的新方法，使得人类在月球上发展农业成为可能。此处为“make+it+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”结构，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。故填it。 2．考查时态和语态。句意：在九月，特殊的细菌被引入到土壤中，结果他们发现磷，一种对植物很重要的营养物质，增加了。空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语In September可知，应用一般过去时，主语special bacteria与动词introduce之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数形式，be动词用were。故填were introduced。 3．考查名词复数。句意：到 203 年 10 月底，研究人员已经进行了大量的实验，最终他们成功了。根据空前的numerous可知，此处应用可数名词复数形式。故填experiments。 4．考查定语从句。句意：他们种植了一种与烟草植物有关的植物，并使用了来自吉林省长白山的火山土壤，这种土壤与月球土壤相似。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为volcanic soil，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 5．考查名词。句意：相比之下，用细菌处理过的土壤里培育的植物比没有用细菌处理的土壤里培育的植物长得更好。根据空前介词By可知，此处应用名词作宾语，compare的名词形式为comparison，意为“比较”，by comparison是固定短语，意为“通过比较；相比之下”。故填comparison。 6．考查副词比较级。句意：相比之下，用细菌处理过的土壤里培育的植物比没有用细菌处理的土壤里培育的植物长得更好。根据空后than可知，此处应用副词well的比较级better，修饰动词grew。故填better。 7．考查冠词。句意：这项研究的一位共同作者夏一桐说，给月球上的人运送食物、氧气和水将会极其昂贵。co-author是可数名词，此处表示“一位共同作者”，表泛指，且co-author发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 8．考查副词。句意：这项研究的一位共同作者夏一桐说，给月球上的人运送食物、氧气和水将会极其昂贵。此处修饰形容词expensive，应用副词incredibly作状语，表示“极其；难以置信地”。故填incredibly。 9．考查介词。句意：他补充说：“月球上的植物栽培系统将满足人类长期的食物和氧气需求，从而为月球上的人类生活做出贡献。”此处考查短语contribute to，意为“为……做出贡献”，所以此处应用介词to。故填to。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：其他在月球上种植食物而不需要土壤的计划成本更高，因为它们需要将从地球上运输的材料。require... to do sth.表示“需要……做某事”，且materials与transport之间是被动关系，应用不定式的被动形式to be done。故填to be transported。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$