Unit 1 Life choices （知识清单）英语北师大版2019必修第一册

Unit 1 Life Choices 一、词汇清单 单词 1.senior adj.较高的,高级的 2.campus n.校园 3.schedule n.日程表,计划表 4.plus adj.有利的,好的 prep.加 5.arise vi.（问题或困难）出现,发生 6.lifestyle n.生活方式 7.chat vi.& n.闲谈,聊天 8.definitely adv.确切地,肯定地 9.digital adj.数字的,数码的 10.native n.本地人 11.range n.一系列;范围 12.quality n.质量,品质 13.addict n.对……着迷的人 14.media n.新闻媒体,大众传播媒介（总称） 15.actually adv.实际上,事实上 16.drag vt.拖,拉 17.goal n.目标,目的 18.aim n.目的,意图 vi.力求达到 19.target n.目标 20.distance n.距离,间距 21.revise vi.& vt.复习 22.saying n.格言,谚语 23.ahead adv.在前面;向前 24.reduce vt.减少;降低;缩小 25.expert n.专家,行家 26.remove vt.移走;去掉 27.entirely adv.完全地,彻底地 28.position n.职位;位置 29.tension n.紧张;焦虑 30.seek vt.寻求;请求 31.typical adj.平常的,一贯的;典型的 32.sort n.种,类;类型 33.supply n.供应,供给 34.laughter n.笑；笑声 35.junior adj.低年级的 36.moment n.某一时刻 37.forward adv.向前;进展 短语 1.all in all总而言之,总的来说 2.from time to time有时;偶尔;间或；不时 3.according to按……所说,根据 4.in person亲自 5.tend to do sth.易于做某事 6.get ahead取得进步,获得成功 7.suffer from（身体或精神上）遭受……（痛苦） 8.to be frank坦白说,坦率地说 9.due to因为，由于 10.in other words换句话说 11.graduate from从……毕业 12.apply for申请 13.all sorts of各种各样的 14.give up放弃 15.deal with对付,应付,处理 16.be responsible for对……负责 17.as well as……以及…… 18.adapt to sth.适应某事 19.at the moment此刻,目前,眼下 20.look forward to （doing） sth.期待,盼望 熟词生义 apply, recover, position 句型 1.You'll often find me sitting in front of my laptop.（find+宾语+宾语补足语） 你会经常发现我坐在笔记本电脑前面。 2.It's so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.（it作形式主语） 我购物前能够在不同的网络商店比较质量和价格，这是非常方便的。 3.My aim is to do well in every subject this term.（动词不定式作表语） 我的目标是学好这学期的每门课程。 4.I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that I'm interested in after school.（so that引导目的状语从句） 我在所有课堂上总是专心听讲并积极思考,以便放学后我能有更多可支配的时间做我感兴趣的事情。 5.After a long day, Zhang Tian finally got back to his small room, feeling tired.（现在分词短语作伴随状语） 漫长的一天过后,张天疲惫不堪,终于回到了自己的小窝。 6.However, not everything lived up to Zhang Tian's hopes.（部分否定） 但是,并不是每件事都像张天希望的那样。 7.If anything, people are more likely to be lonely in a big city.（if条件状语从句的省略） 如果有什么不同的话,那就是大城市的人们更可能感到孤独。 语法 动词不定式 二、知识点精讲 知识点1 senior adj.较高的，高级的 n.老年人;级别（或地位）较高者 【拓展】 be senior to...比……年长/资历深/职位高 【写作佳句】It covers a wide variety of topics to attract senior students, leading us into the outer world as a silent friend.［应用文写作之投稿］ 它涵盖了各种各样的话题来吸引高中生,作为一个沉默的朋友引导我们进入外面的世界。 【练练不忘】单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义/一句多译 ① She is senior ___ me, as she joined the company before me. ② Tickets at the gate are ＄10, ＄7 for seniors （age 55 and up）._  _  _  _  _  _   ③ 她比她弟弟大三岁。 →She is __________________________________ her brother.（senior） →She is _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _ her brother.（old） →She _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _ three years. ［名师点津］有些形容词本身就含有“比……更……”之意,不与than搭配,而要与介词to连用,这样的形容词还有junior、prior、inferior、superior。 知识点2 schedule n.日程表,计划表 vt.为……安排时间;列入 【拓展】 （1）on schedule 准时；按时间表 ahead of schedule 提前于计划 behind schedule 晚于计划 （2）be scheduled to do sth. 计划做某事 as scheduled 正如预期的那样 【写作佳句】 The concert was held as scheduled even though the singer was suffering from a minor illness. 尽管歌唱家身患小病，但音乐会还是按计划举行了。 【练练不忘】语段填空/微写作 ① The building of the new bridge was a massive undertaking. In the early stages, the crew worked efficiently and the construction was _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   （提前于计划）. But then, there were delays in the delivery of materials and the project quickly fell _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   （落后于计划）. In the end, through determination and hard work, the bridge was completed _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （准时）. ② 会议定于下个月举行，但如果场地不能按时提供，可能不得不推迟。 The conference _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  , but if the venue is not available on time, it may have to be postponed.［应用文写作之通知］ ［联想发散］表示“提前”的其他短语还有in advance、ahead of time。 知识点3 range n.一系列;范围 vi.（在一定范围内）变化;包括,涉及;排列 【拓展】 （1）a wide range of... 一系列…… beyond/out of range 在射程外；在范围外 within range 在射程内；在范围内 in the range of...to... 在……到……范围内 （2）range from...to... 从……到……不等； 在……至……范围内变动 range between...and... 在……和……范围内变动 【写作佳句】Flexibility training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch your muscles and improve your body's range of movement. 柔韧性训练，包括体操和太极拳，有助于舒展你的肌肉，增大肢体活动幅度。 【练练不忘】语段填空/补全句子/微写作 ① There is _  _   wide range of books in the bookshop, whose prices range from 1 dollar 20 dollars. You can choose books _  _  _  _  _  _  （range） along the wall next to the door according to the writers' names. ② Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （超出了我们的承受范围）, so we declined. ③ 随着这个体育场的建成，各种体育赛事得以举行，从乒乓球、足球到赛跑不等。 With the stadium set up， _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   sports events will be held， _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  .（现在分词作状语）［应用文写作之学校生活］ 知识点4 addict n.对……着迷的人 vt.使上瘾；使沉迷 【拓展】 （1）addict oneself to sth. 某人沉溺于某事 （2）addicted adj. 有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的 be/become addicted to... 对……入迷；对……上瘾 （3）addiction n. 瘾；入迷；嗜好 【写作佳句】Being addicted to online games is harmful to our physical and mental health. Therefore， there is no harm getting rid of it. 沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。 【练练不忘】语段填空/句式升级 ① _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   （addict） can be a serious problem that ruins lives. When people _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （沉溺于有害物质）, it not only damages their physical health but also makes a bad influence on their mental well-being and relationships. ② I want to apply for the job of volunteering in the Music Festival because I'm addicted to music. →_  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  , I want to apply for the job of volunteering in the Music Festival. （形容词短语作状语） 知识点5 typical adj.平常的，一贯的;典型的 【拓展】 （1）be typical of... 典型的……;……有代表性的 It's typical of sb.to do sth.（=It's like sb. to do sth.） 某人一向如此做某事。 （2）typically adv. 通常；一般；典型地 【写作佳句】It's typical of our maths teacher to be very patient with us. Never have I seen her get angry because we can't understand what she says. 我们的数学老师一贯对我们非常有耐心,我从来没有见她因为我们不理解她说的话而生气。 【练练不忘】单句语法填空/一句多译 ① [2023·全国甲卷]If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites， grizzlies will _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （typical） pass by without trouble. ② is typical of him to fancy himself in spite of my advice. ③ 他常帮助处于困境的人。 →_  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  , he always helps people in trouble. →_  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   people in trouble. →_  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   people in trouble. 知识点6 inspire vt.鼓励，激励 【拓展】 （1）inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 inspire sb. with sth.=inspire sth. in sb. 激起/引起某人…… be inspired by... 被……激励/启发/鼓舞 （2）inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物） inspired adj. 得到灵感的；受到鼓舞的 inspiring adj. 激励的；启发灵感的；令人鼓舞的 【写作佳句】Inspired by Wei Yuan's story, I have decided to major in English in college to be a bridge between China and the world.［应用文写作之人物介绍］ 受到魏源的故事的激励，我决定大学主修英语，成为中国和世界之间的桥梁。 【练练不忘】单句语法填空/微写作 ① [2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ]Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （inspire） by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. ② [2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ]These small studies provide _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （inspire） and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ③ To inspire young people _  _  _  _  _  _  （take） action to protect the environment, animals and their community, our school will launch a campaign.［应用文写作之通知］ ④ 正是他那鼓舞人心的话语激发了汤姆的信心，使他相信自己能够克服任何障碍并实现自己的目标。 _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  , making him believe he could overcome any obstacle and achieve his goals.（强调句型） 知识点7 apply vi.申请;请求;对……适用 vt.应用;涂,敷;使专注于 【拓展】 （1）apply （to...） for... （向……）申请…… apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply...to... 把……应用于……中；把……涂到……上 apply oneself to （doing） sth专心致志于（做）某事 （2）applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请；申请书；应用；应用程序 【写作佳句】If you are interested, please submit your application at Room 101 of the teaching building for an interview by this Friday. 如果你感兴趣，请在本周五之前将你的申请提交到教学楼101室进行面试。 【练练不忘】语段填空/补全句子/微写作 ① As a student, what you've learned in class should be applied the real life. Therefore, our school will organise several social activities this weekend. Any _  _  _  _ （apply） who wants to apply _  _  _  _（join） them should hand in his/her _  _  _  _ （apply） to the Students' Union before next Monday. ② Touched by the spirit of China Aerospace experts, I'll _____________________________（专心于学习） so that I can make contributions to our country like them one day. ③ 了解到科学博物馆暑假需要英语志愿者，我正写信来申请这个职位。 Having learned that English volunteers for the Science Museum are wanted in the summer vacation, ________________________________________.［应用文写作之申请信］ 知识点8 intend vt.计划,打算，想要 【拓展】 （1）intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth. 本来打算做某事 （2）intended adj. 为……打算（或设计）的 be intended to do.../for... 专门为做……/为……设计 （3）intention n. 计划，打算，意图，目的 with an/the intention of... 抱有……的目的 【写作佳句】　（2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文）Our program, “Talk and Talk”， is intended to share English learning methods and experience with students. 我们的节目《谈话》旨在与学生分享英语学习方法和经验。 【练练不忘】单句语法填空/同义转换/语段写作 ① [2023·北京卷满分作文]Aware that you are to organize a club activity—Green Beijing, _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （intend） to raise people's environmental consciousness，I am writing to offer you some tips. ② [2023·全国乙卷满分作文]I am writing to share the experience of learning a new skill during the summer break. →I am writing _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   during the summer break.（intention） ③ 我本打算上个周末陪你一起去书店，但是发生了意料之外的事。所以我写信向你表达我的歉意。我打算这周六下午五点和你一起去，不知道你是否可以接受。 I _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   but something unexpected happened. So I'm writing to express my apology to you. I _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   at 5 p.m. this Saturday and I wonder if you can accept it.［应用文写作之道歉信］ 知识点9 adapt vi.& vt.（使）适应;改编 【拓展】 （1）adapt to doing sth. 适应做某事 adapt （oneself） to （使自己）适应于 adapt...from... 根据……改编…… be adapted for... 为……而改写/改编 （2）adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的 adaptation n. 适应；改编本 【写作佳句】Learning Chinese is a must，which ensures you to adapt to the new life in China as soon as possible.［应用文写作之建议信］ 学习中文是必须的，这能确保你尽快适应在中国的新生活。 【练练不忘】单句语法填空/补全句子/微写作 ① [2024·浙江卷1月]Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （adapt） by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. ② （人教选必二U1）I'm sure she'll deal with the changes very well because she's very _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （adapt）. ③ （人教选必二U2）Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （adapt） to the new culture. ④ （译林选必四U3）_  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （为了更好地适应） new circumstances, we must be ready and willing to acquire new skills. ⑤ 我写信请求您就我们改编自英语课文的英语短剧给予帮助。 I am writing to ask you to help us with our English short play _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  .［应用文写作之求助信］ 知识点10 moment n.某一时刻;瞬间;机遇 【拓展】 at the moment 此刻,目前,眼下，现在 for a moment 片刻,一会儿 in a moment 马上,过一会儿（常用于将来时） the moment一 ……就……（引导时间状语从句） 【写作佳句】The boss is having a talk with some workers at the moment. But you can wait here for a moment. The talk will be over in a moment. 老板此时正在和一些工人谈话,但你可以稍等片刻,谈话马上就结束了。 【练练不忘】单句语法填空/同义替换 ① But like all performances, there are moments _  _   things go wrong. ② But the moment, school comes first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. ③ I'll be back a moment, and if you need anything, just wave at me! ④ The little girl began to smile as soon as she saw her mother. →The little girl began to smile _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   she saw her mother. 知识点11 look forward to 期待，盼望 【拓展】 look back （on） 回忆，回顾 look out for 注意察看，留心 look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起 look into 查；向……里看 look through 浏览；温习 look up to 尊敬，敬仰 【写作佳句】We sincerely hope you can do us a favour and come to guide us how to perform the short play. Looking forward to your early reply.［应用文写作之求助信］ 我们真诚地希望您能帮我们一个忙，来指导我们如何表演这个短剧。期待您的早日回复。 【练练不忘】语段填空/微写作 ① _  _  _  _  _  _  （look） back on the past, I regretted I had wasted so much wonderful time. Fortunately, I decided to make a change and looked _  _  _  _  _  _   many books about time management. Then I made a schedule to work hard, looking forward to _  _  _  _  _  _  （make） progress in study. Finally, I became a successful man that was looked up by others. ② 谢谢你考虑我的建议。我期待听到你对这件事的看法。 Thank you for considering my suggestion._  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   on this matter.［应用文写作之建议信］ 三、语法清单 动词不定式 【感知·语法规律】 Regular eye tests are important for everyone. Children and teenagers have the right ①to have eye tests for free in Britain. As the eye test is free, there's no excuse for not having a regular eye test. Doctors suggest that it's better ②to have an eye test about once a year. Wearing glasses isn't always regarded as all that cool and teens who suddenly need ③to wear glasses may find it difficult ④to accept. However, if your eyes are in poor health, not wearing glasses can put even more pressure on your eyes and could make them even worse. Thankfully, the days of little choice of glasses frames (框架) for teenagers are gone and there are many kinds of frames ⑤to choose from. If a teen does need ⑥to wear glasses, then it's good ⑦to let him or her choose the type. Don't forget ⑧to be guided by the experts on glasses, too. 1．加黑处②、⑦为动词不定式短语作主语。 2．加黑处③、④、⑥、⑧为动词不定式短语作宾语。 3．加黑处①、⑤为动词不定式短语作定语。 【精讲·语法知识】 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等，但不能作谓语。 一、动词不定式的结构 1．基本结构：to＋动词原形，有时不定式符号to可以省略。 2．否定形式：not to＋动词原形。 3．不定式有形式和语态的变化，通常有以下几种形式(以do为例)： 形式 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 完成进行式 to have been doing [即时演练1]——单句语法填空 (1)Where can we get some sickles(镰刀) ________(cut) the rice with? (2)I hate ______________(lie) in bed like this while other students are having class. (3)The vocabulary and grammar of the plot need ______________(adjust), and we also need your guidance on our performance. (4)The doctor claimed __________________________(discover) a cure for the disease already. 二、动词不定式的用法 1．作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)不定式置于句首。 *To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe. 这样做是削足适履。 (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于后面，特别是不定式短语较长时，这样可以避免句子“头重脚轻”。 *It is important to master the knowledge of computer. 掌握电脑知识很重要。 [即时演练2]——句型转换/完成句子 (1)To speak a foreign language well is difficult. →______________________________________ . (2)记住足够多的单词是必要的。 It is necessary ___________________________． 2．作表语 不定式在系动词后作表语，往往说明主语的具体内容，且含有将来意义。 *My dream is to become a dancer. 我的梦想是成为一名舞蹈家。 [即时演练3]——完成句子 (1)最重要的是公平对待每个人。 The most important thing is _______________________． (2)我从小就有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆。 I've had many dreams since I was a child.Now my dream is _____________________． 3．作宾语 (1)直接作及物动词的宾语。常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有agree(同意)、aim(旨在)、choose(选择)、decide(决定)、demand(要求)、expect(期待)、fail(未履行)、help(帮助)、hope(希望)、learn(学会)、plan(计划)、prepare(准备)、refuse(拒绝)、tend(往往会)、want(想要)、wish(希望)等。 *I hope to have a new type of cellphone. 我希望有一部新款手机。 *My father finally agreed to help us. 最终，我的父亲同意帮助我们。 (2)用于“疑问词＋不定式”结构。不定式前可带what、who、which、where、when、how等疑问词。 *Li Jiang and Su Hua are discussing what to wear when receiving the British students next month. 李江和苏华正在讨论下个月接待英国学生时穿什么。 *Please tell us how to deal with the haze. 请告诉我们如何应对雾霾。 (3)常用于句型“主语＋v.＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.”，其中，it为形式宾语，to do sth.为真正的宾语。能用于这一句型的动词有believe、consider、feel、find、make、suppose、think等。 *I think it very necessary to protect the animals. 我认为保护动物非常有必要。 [即时演练4]——单句语法填空 (1)He has promised ______________(help) me with my English. (2)I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook.My mom told me how _______________(prepare) it. (3)I think ____ very useful to learn a foreign language. (4)The driver failed ___________(see) the other car in time. 4．作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。 *I want to get something to read during the vacation. 我想在假期里找一些读的东西。 (2)如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。 *He is a pleasant person to work with. 他是个很好共事的人。 (3)当中心词为序数词、最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时，常用不定式作定语。 *He was the last one to arrive here. 他是最后一个到达这里的人。 *He is the only person to know the truth. 他是唯一一个了解真相的人。 [即时演练5]——单句语法填空 (1)The plum trees are the first _______________(flower) even as the snow is melting(融化). (2)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _____________(change) lives. (3)Sir, do you have some clothes _________________(wash)? (4)Give me a piece of paper to write ____． 5．作状语 (1)表示目的。 *Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号探测器上的仪器，寻找和研究南极艾特肯盆地地区。 *To help us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. 为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议我们通读笔记。 (2)表示结果。 动词不定式作结果状语时常用如下结构： ①enough＋n.＋to do　　　足够…… ②n./adj./adv.＋enough＋to do 足够…… ③too＋adj./adv.＋to do 太……而不能…… *The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people. 加利福尼亚号来得太晚了，以至于没能挽救更多的人。 (3)表示原因。 ①不定式作原因状语，常用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。 *I have enjoyed my visit to China.I'll be very sorry to leave. 我非常享受这次的中国之旅，但遗憾的是我要离开了。 ②用于“be＋形容词(表示性质)＋不定式”结构中，常见的形容词有easy、hard、difficult、interesting、good、comfortable、safe、dangerous、impossible等。此句型中的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。 *The box is not easy to carry. 这个箱子不易携带。 [即时演练6]——完成句子 (1)为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共交通工具，而不是私家车。 ___________________ ,we should take the public transports rather than the private cars. (2)凯特是一个容易相处的女孩，我们都喜欢她。 Kate is a girl who is _____________________ and we all like her. (3)他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 He hurried to the station, only _______________________． (4)听说你奶奶生病了，我很难过。 I'm sorry ___________________________． 6．作宾语补足语 (1)不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补足语：ask、advise、allow、cause、encourage、expect、invite、notice、order、teach、tell、warn等。 *She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. 她要我在她不在的时候接电话。 *Who taught you to play the music? 谁教你弹这首曲子的？ (2)当动词不定式在使役动词 let、have、make后和感官动词(短语)see、watch、look at、notice、hear、listen to、feel等后作宾语补足语时，常省略to。get除外(get sb.to do sth.)。 *The teacher had us recite the text every day. 老师让我们每天背诵课文。 * Our mother made us go to bed at a certain time.　我们的妈妈让我们在某一固定时间上床睡觉。 [即时演练7]——单句语法填空 (1)My friend invited me ____________(see) the new film yesterday. (2)The boy was made _____________(study) all day. (3)His parents don't allow him ____________(go) out at night. 四、写作清单 写作一　应用文写作——介绍学校 写作要求 假定你是李华，刚上高中两个多星期，请你按照以下内容给你的英国笔友汤姆(Tom)写一封80词左右的电子邮件，简单介绍你的学校、老师和自己的情况： 1．我的新学校是一所历史悠久的名校，有50个班，2 500 多名学生； 2．老师的教学方法与初中截然不同，上课方式很有趣； 3．课程比初中更有挑战性，但有信心学好； 4．与同学相处融洽，积极参加各种课外活动。 审题谋篇 第一步：审题构思很关键 第二步：补全句子雏形现 1．我的新学校是一所历史悠久的名校。 My new school _________________________________． 2．它的面积是我初中学校的三倍。 It is _________________________ my junior secondary school. 3．我的学校有50个班，2 500多名学生。 There are _______________________________ in my school. 4．我们老师的教学方法很有趣，与以前的截然不同。 Our teachers' teaching methods ________________________________ those of my previous teachers. 5．我们学习的课程更有挑战性。 The subjects we are learning ____________________________． 6．我相信我能把这些课程学好。 I __________________________ I can learn them well. 7．我与同学相处融洽，积极参加各种课外活动。 I'm ________________________ my classmates and I _____________________ all kinds of after-school activities. 第三步：句式升级造亮点 8．用非限制性定语从句连接第二步中的句1和句2 _____________________________________________________________________________________ 9．用让步状语从句连接第二步中的句5和句6 _____________________________________________________________________________________ 第四步：过渡衔接连成篇 _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 实战演练 假定你是李华，你原本答应陪你的英国朋友保罗(Paul)周末去参观“中国传统文化展(the Traditional Chinese Culture Fair)”，但因故不能遵守承诺。请你给保罗写一封邮件，要点如下： 1.表达歉意； 2.说明原因； 3.希望保罗下周分享所见所闻。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 写作二　续写微技能——融入新学校 话题表达聚焦 基于主题语境的续写实践 1.完成句子/句式升级 (1)我们打开包裹，摆放好家具，适应着阳光之州的新生活。(动词的联动) We ______________________________________ and ______________ the new life in the Sunshine State. (2)我不是一个爱冒险的女孩，并且对新学校感到焦虑，脑子里充满了恐惧和担忧。(独立主格结构) I was not an adventurous girl and I felt anxious about my new school, _______________________________． (3)__________________________(无论我多么努力地尝试), I did not make any friend.(no matter how 引导让步状语从句) It made me feel like _______________________(一个彻底的失败者).(抽象名词具体化) 用非限制性定语从句合并以上两个句子： _____________________________________________________________________________________________ (4)我正要离开，这时篮球队长詹姆斯——新学校最受欢迎的学生来到我的面前。(be about to do...when...；同位语) I _________________________ James, ____________________ , the most popular student in the new school came up to me. (5)他问我是否可以帮助这个团队，因为他们很难完成高级文学作业。[as 引导原因状语从句；have difficulty (in) doing sth.] He asked if I could help the team out _____________________________ their assignments of advanced literature. (6)我点了点头，也正是从那一刻起，我开始适应新学校。(强调句型) I nodded and ________________________________ I began to fit in the new school. 2.衔接美文 将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的过渡衔接词。 _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Life Choices 一、词汇清单 单词 1.senior adj.较高的,高级的 2.campus n.校园 3.schedule n.日程表,计划表 4.plus adj.有利的,好的 prep.加 5.arise vi.（问题或困难）出现,发生 6.lifestyle n.生活方式 7.chat vi.& n.闲谈,聊天 8.definitely adv.确切地,肯定地 9.digital adj.数字的,数码的 10.native n.本地人 11.range n.一系列;范围 12.quality n.质量,品质 13.addict n.对……着迷的人 14.media n.新闻媒体,大众传播媒介（总称） 15.actually adv.实际上,事实上 16.drag vt.拖,拉 17.goal n.目标,目的 18.aim n.目的,意图 vi.力求达到 19.target n.目标 20.distance n.距离,间距 21.revise vi.& vt.复习 22.saying n.格言,谚语 23.ahead adv.在前面;向前 24.reduce vt.减少;降低;缩小 25.expert n.专家,行家 26.remove vt.移走;去掉 27.entirely adv.完全地,彻底地 28.position n.职位;位置 29.tension n.紧张;焦虑 30.seek vt.寻求;请求 31.typical adj.平常的,一贯的;典型的 32.sort n.种,类;类型 33.supply n.供应,供给 34.laughter n.笑；笑声 35.junior adj.低年级的 36.moment n.某一时刻 37.forward adv.向前;进展 短语 1.all in all总而言之,总的来说 2.from time to time有时;偶尔;间或；不时 3.according to按……所说,根据 4.in person亲自 5.tend to do sth.易于做某事 6.get ahead取得进步,获得成功 7.suffer from（身体或精神上）遭受……（痛苦） 8.to be frank坦白说,坦率地说 9.due to因为，由于 10.in other words换句话说 11.graduate from从……毕业 12.apply for申请 13.all sorts of各种各样的 14.give up放弃 15.deal with对付,应付,处理 16.be responsible for对……负责 17.as well as……以及…… 18.adapt to sth.适应某事 19.at the moment此刻,目前,眼下 20.look forward to （doing） sth.期待,盼望 熟词生义 apply, recover, position 句型 1.You'll often find me sitting in front of my laptop.（find+宾语+宾语补足语） 你会经常发现我坐在笔记本电脑前面。 2.It's so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.（it作形式主语） 我购物前能够在不同的网络商店比较质量和价格，这是非常方便的。 3.My aim is to do well in every subject this term.（动词不定式作表语） 我的目标是学好这学期的每门课程。 4.I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that I'm interested in after school.（so that引导目的状语从句） 我在所有课堂上总是专心听讲并积极思考,以便放学后我能有更多可支配的时间做我感兴趣的事情。 5.After a long day, Zhang Tian finally got back to his small room, feeling tired.（现在分词短语作伴随状语） 漫长的一天过后,张天疲惫不堪,终于回到了自己的小窝。 6.However, not everything lived up to Zhang Tian's hopes.（部分否定） 但是,并不是每件事都像张天希望的那样。 7.If anything, people are more likely to be lonely in a big city.（if条件状语从句的省略） 如果有什么不同的话,那就是大城市的人们更可能感到孤独。 语法 动词不定式 二、知识点精讲 知识点1 senior adj.较高的，高级的 n.老年人;级别（或地位）较高者 【拓展】 be senior to...比……年长/资历深/职位高 【写作佳句】It covers a wide variety of topics to attract senior students, leading us into the outer world as a silent friend.［应用文写作之投稿］ 它涵盖了各种各样的话题来吸引高中生,作为一个沉默的朋友引导我们进入外面的世界。 【练练不忘】单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义/一句多译 ① She is senior ___ me, as she joined the company before me. [答案]to ② Tickets at the gate are ＄10, ＄7 for seniors （age 55 and up）._  _  _  _  _  _   [答案]老年人 ③ 她比她弟弟大三岁。 →She is __________________________________ her brother.（senior） →She is _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _ her brother.（old） →She _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _ three years. [答案]three years senior to； three years older than； is senior to/older than her brother by ［名师点津］有些形容词本身就含有“比……更……”之意,不与than搭配,而要与介词to连用,这样的形容词还有junior、prior、inferior、superior。 知识点2 schedule n.日程表,计划表 vt.为……安排时间;列入 【拓展】 （1）on schedule 准时；按时间表 ahead of schedule 提前于计划 behind schedule 晚于计划 （2）be scheduled to do sth. 计划做某事 as scheduled 正如预期的那样 【写作佳句】 The concert was held as scheduled even though the singer was suffering from a minor illness. 尽管歌唱家身患小病，但音乐会还是按计划举行了。 【练练不忘】语段填空/微写作 ① The building of the new bridge was a massive undertaking. In the early stages, the crew worked efficiently and the construction was _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   （提前于计划）. But then, there were delays in the delivery of materials and the project quickly fell _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   （落后于计划）. In the end, through determination and hard work, the bridge was completed _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （准时）. [答案]ahead of schedule； behind schedule； on schedule ② 会议定于下个月举行，但如果场地不能按时提供，可能不得不推迟。 The conference _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  , but if the venue is not available on time, it may have to be postponed.［应用文写作之通知］ [答案]is scheduled to take place next month ［联想发散］表示“提前”的其他短语还有in advance、ahead of time。 知识点3 range n.一系列;范围 vi.（在一定范围内）变化;包括,涉及;排列 【拓展】 （1）a wide range of... 一系列…… beyond/out of range 在射程外；在范围外 within range 在射程内；在范围内 in the range of...to... 在……到……范围内 （2）range from...to... 从……到……不等； 在……至……范围内变动 range between...and... 在……和……范围内变动 【写作佳句】Flexibility training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch your muscles and improve your body's range of movement. 柔韧性训练，包括体操和太极拳，有助于舒展你的肌肉，增大肢体活动幅度。 【练练不忘】语段填空/补全句子/微写作 ① There is _  _   wide range of books in the bookshop, whose prices range from 1 dollar 20 dollars. You can choose books _  _  _  _  _  _  （range） along the wall next to the door according to the writers' names. [答案]a； to； ranged ② Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （超出了我们的承受范围）, so we declined. [答案]beyond/out of our range ③ 随着这个体育场的建成，各种体育赛事得以举行，从乒乓球、足球到赛跑不等。 With the stadium set up， _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   sports events will be held， _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  .（现在分词作状语）［应用文写作之学校生活］ [答案]a wide range of； ranging from ping-pong， football to running competitions 知识点4 addict n.对……着迷的人 vt.使上瘾；使沉迷 【拓展】 （1）addict oneself to sth. 某人沉溺于某事 （2）addicted adj. 有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的 be/become addicted to... 对……入迷；对……上瘾 （3）addiction n. 瘾；入迷；嗜好 【写作佳句】Being addicted to online games is harmful to our physical and mental health. Therefore， there is no harm getting rid of it. 沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。 【练练不忘】语段填空/句式升级 ① _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   （addict） can be a serious problem that ruins lives. When people _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （沉溺于有害物质）, it not only damages their physical health but also makes a bad influence on their mental well-being and relationships. [答案]Addiction； addict themselves to/are addicted to harmful substances ② I want to apply for the job of volunteering in the Music Festival because I'm addicted to music. →_  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  , I want to apply for the job of volunteering in the Music Festival. （形容词短语作状语） [答案]Addicted to music 知识点5 typical adj.平常的，一贯的;典型的 【拓展】 （1）be typical of... 典型的……;……有代表性的 It's typical of sb.to do sth.（=It's like sb. to do sth.） 某人一向如此做某事。 （2）typically adv. 通常；一般；典型地 【写作佳句】It's typical of our maths teacher to be very patient with us. Never have I seen her get angry because we can't understand what she says. 我们的数学老师一贯对我们非常有耐心,我从来没有见她因为我们不理解她说的话而生气。 【练练不忘】单句语法填空/一句多译 ① [2023·全国甲卷]If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites， grizzlies will _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （typical） pass by without trouble. [答案]typically ② is typical of him to fancy himself in spite of my advice. [答案]It ③ 他常帮助处于困境的人。 →_  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  , he always helps people in trouble. →_  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   people in trouble. →_  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   people in trouble. [答案]Typically； It is typical of him to help； It is like him to help 知识点6 inspire vt.鼓励，激励 【拓展】 （1）inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 inspire sb. with sth.=inspire sth. in sb. 激起/引起某人…… be inspired by... 被……激励/启发/鼓舞 （2）inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物） inspired adj. 得到灵感的；受到鼓舞的 inspiring adj. 激励的；启发灵感的；令人鼓舞的 【写作佳句】Inspired by Wei Yuan's story, I have decided to major in English in college to be a bridge between China and the world.［应用文写作之人物介绍］ 受到魏源的故事的激励，我决定大学主修英语，成为中国和世界之间的桥梁。 【练练不忘】单句语法填空/微写作 ① [2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ]Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （inspire） by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. [答案]inspired ② [2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ]These small studies provide _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （inspire） and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. [答案]inspiration ③ To inspire young people _  _  _  _  _  _  （take） action to protect the environment, animals and their community, our school will launch a campaign.［应用文写作之通知］ [答案]to take ④ 正是他那鼓舞人心的话语激发了汤姆的信心，使他相信自己能够克服任何障碍并实现自己的目标。 _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  , making him believe he could overcome any obstacle and achieve his goals.（强调句型） [答案]It was his inspiring remarks that inspired confidence in Tom/inspired Tom with confidence 知识点7 apply vi.申请;请求;对……适用 vt.应用;涂,敷;使专注于 【拓展】 （1）apply （to...） for... （向……）申请…… apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply...to... 把……应用于……中；把……涂到……上 apply oneself to （doing） sth专心致志于（做）某事 （2）applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请；申请书；应用；应用程序 【写作佳句】If you are interested, please submit your application at Room 101 of the teaching building for an interview by this Friday. 如果你感兴趣，请在本周五之前将你的申请提交到教学楼101室进行面试。 【练练不忘】语段填空/补全句子/微写作 ① As a student, what you've learned in class should be applied the real life. Therefore, our school will organise several social activities this weekend. Any _  _  _  _ （apply） who wants to apply _  _  _  _（join） them should hand in his/her _  _  _  _ （apply） to the Students' Union before next Monday. [答案] applicant； to join； application ② Touched by the spirit of China Aerospace experts, I'll _____________________________（专心于学习） so that I can make contributions to our country like them one day. [答案]apply myself to study/studying ③ 了解到科学博物馆暑假需要英语志愿者，我正写信来申请这个职位。 Having learned that English volunteers for the Science Museum are wanted in the summer vacation, ________________________________________.［应用文写作之申请信］ [答案]I am writing to apply for this position 知识点8 intend vt.计划,打算，想要 【拓展】 （1）intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth. 本来打算做某事 （2）intended adj. 为……打算（或设计）的 be intended to do.../for... 专门为做……/为……设计 （3）intention n. 计划，打算，意图，目的 with an/the intention of... 抱有……的目的 【写作佳句】　（2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文）Our program, “Talk and Talk”， is intended to share English learning methods and experience with students. 我们的节目《谈话》旨在与学生分享英语学习方法和经验。 【练练不忘】单句语法填空/同义转换/语段写作 ① [2023·北京卷满分作文]Aware that you are to organize a club activity—Green Beijing, _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （intend） to raise people's environmental consciousness，I am writing to offer you some tips. [答案]intended ② [2023·全国乙卷满分作文]I am writing to share the experience of learning a new skill during the summer break. →I am writing _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   during the summer break.（intention） [答案]with the intention of sharing the experience of learning a new skill ③ 我本打算上个周末陪你一起去书店，但是发生了意料之外的事。所以我写信向你表达我的歉意。我打算这周六下午五点和你一起去，不知道你是否可以接受。 I _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   but something unexpected happened. So I'm writing to express my apology to you. I _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   at 5 p.m. this Saturday and I wonder if you can accept it.［应用文写作之道歉信］ [答案]had intended to accompany you to the bookstore last weekend； intend to go/going there along with you 知识点9 adapt vi.& vt.（使）适应;改编 【拓展】 （1）adapt to doing sth. 适应做某事 adapt （oneself） to （使自己）适应于 adapt...from... 根据……改编…… be adapted for... 为……而改写/改编 （2）adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的 adaptation n. 适应；改编本 【写作佳句】Learning Chinese is a must，which ensures you to adapt to the new life in China as soon as possible.［应用文写作之建议信］ 学习中文是必须的，这能确保你尽快适应在中国的新生活。 【练练不忘】单句语法填空/补全句子/微写作 ① [2024·浙江卷1月]Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （adapt） by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. [答案]is adapted ② （人教选必二U1）I'm sure she'll deal with the changes very well because she's very _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （adapt）. [答案]adaptable ③ （人教选必二U2）Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （adapt） to the new culture. [答案]adaptation ④ （译林选必四U3）_  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （为了更好地适应） new circumstances, we must be ready and willing to acquire new skills. [答案]In order to better adapt ourselves to ⑤ 我写信请求您就我们改编自英语课文的英语短剧给予帮助。 I am writing to ask you to help us with our English short play _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  .［应用文写作之求助信］ [答案]（that/which is） adapted from our English text 知识点10 moment n.某一时刻;瞬间;机遇 【拓展】 at the moment 此刻,目前,眼下，现在 for a moment 片刻,一会儿 in a moment 马上,过一会儿（常用于将来时） the moment一 ……就……（引导时间状语从句） 【写作佳句】The boss is having a talk with some workers at the moment. But you can wait here for a moment. The talk will be over in a moment. 老板此时正在和一些工人谈话,但你可以稍等片刻,谈话马上就结束了。 【练练不忘】单句语法填空/同义替换 ① But like all performances, there are moments _  _   things go wrong. [答案]when ② But the moment, school comes first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. [答案]at ③ I'll be back a moment, and if you need anything, just wave at me! [答案]in ④ The little girl began to smile as soon as she saw her mother. →The little girl began to smile _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   she saw her mother. [答案]the moment 知识点11 look forward to 期待，盼望 【拓展】 look back （on） 回忆，回顾 look out for 注意察看，留心 look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起 look into 查；向……里看 look through 浏览；温习 look up to 尊敬，敬仰 【写作佳句】We sincerely hope you can do us a favour and come to guide us how to perform the short play. Looking forward to your early reply.［应用文写作之求助信］ 我们真诚地希望您能帮我们一个忙，来指导我们如何表演这个短剧。期待您的早日回复。 【练练不忘】语段填空/微写作 ① _  _  _  _  _  _  （look） back on the past, I regretted I had wasted so much wonderful time. Fortunately, I decided to make a change and looked _  _  _  _  _  _   many books about time management. Then I made a schedule to work hard, looking forward to _  _  _  _  _  _  （make） progress in study. Finally, I became a successful man that was looked up by others. [答案]Looking； through； making； to ② 谢谢你考虑我的建议。我期待听到你对这件事的看法。 Thank you for considering my suggestion._  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   on this matter.［应用文写作之建议信］ [答案]I am looking forward to hearing your thoughts 三、语法清单 动词不定式 【感知·语法规律】 Regular eye tests are important for everyone. Children and teenagers have the right ①to have eye tests for free in Britain. As the eye test is free, there's no excuse for not having a regular eye test. Doctors suggest that it's better ②to have an eye test about once a year. Wearing glasses isn't always regarded as all that cool and teens who suddenly need ③to wear glasses may find it difficult ④to accept. However, if your eyes are in poor health, not wearing glasses can put even more pressure on your eyes and could make them even worse. Thankfully, the days of little choice of glasses frames (框架) for teenagers are gone and there are many kinds of frames ⑤to choose from. If a teen does need ⑥to wear glasses, then it's good ⑦to let him or her choose the type. Don't forget ⑧to be guided by the experts on glasses, too. 1．加黑处②、⑦为动词不定式短语作主语。 2．加黑处③、④、⑥、⑧为动词不定式短语作宾语。 3．加黑处①、⑤为动词不定式短语作定语。 【精讲·语法知识】 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等，但不能作谓语。 一、动词不定式的结构 1．基本结构：to＋动词原形，有时不定式符号to可以省略。 2．否定形式：not to＋动词原形。 3．不定式有形式和语态的变化，通常有以下几种形式(以do为例)： 形式 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 完成进行式 to have been doing [即时演练1]——单句语法填空 (1)Where can we get some sickles(镰刀) to cut(cut) the rice with? (2)I hate to be lying(lie) in bed like this while other students are having class. (3)The vocabulary and grammar of the plot need to be adjusted(adjust), and we also need your guidance on our performance. (4)The doctor claimed to have discovered(discover) a cure for the disease already. 二、动词不定式的用法 1．作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)不定式置于句首。 *To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe. 这样做是削足适履。 (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于后面，特别是不定式短语较长时，这样可以避免句子“头重脚轻”。 *It is important to master the knowledge of computer. 掌握电脑知识很重要。 [即时演练2]——句型转换/完成句子 (1)To speak a foreign language well is difficult. →It is difficult to speak a foreign language well. (2)记住足够多的单词是必要的。 It is necessary to remember enough words． 2．作表语 不定式在系动词后作表语，往往说明主语的具体内容，且含有将来意义。 *My dream is to become a dancer. 我的梦想是成为一名舞蹈家。 [即时演练3]——完成句子 (1)最重要的是公平对待每个人。 The most important thing is to be fair to everyone． (2)我从小就有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆。 I've had many dreams since I was a child.Now my dream is to open a cafe． 3．作宾语 (1)直接作及物动词的宾语。常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有agree(同意)、aim(旨在)、choose(选择)、decide(决定)、demand(要求)、expect(期待)、fail(未履行)、help(帮助)、hope(希望)、learn(学会)、plan(计划)、prepare(准备)、refuse(拒绝)、tend(往往会)、want(想要)、wish(希望)等。 *I hope to have a new type of cellphone. 我希望有一部新款手机。 *My father finally agreed to help us. 最终，我的父亲同意帮助我们。 (2)用于“疑问词＋不定式”结构。不定式前可带what、who、which、where、when、how等疑问词。 *Li Jiang and Su Hua are discussing what to wear when receiving the British students next month. 李江和苏华正在讨论下个月接待英国学生时穿什么。 *Please tell us how to deal with the haze. 请告诉我们如何应对雾霾。 (3)常用于句型“主语＋v.＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.”，其中，it为形式宾语，to do sth.为真正的宾语。能用于这一句型的动词有believe、consider、feel、find、make、suppose、think等。 *I think it very necessary to protect the animals. 我认为保护动物非常有必要。 [即时演练4]——单句语法填空 (1)He has promised to help(help) me with my English. (2)I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook.My mom told me how to prepare(prepare) it. (3)I think it very useful to learn a foreign language. (4)The driver failed to see(see) the other car in time. 4．作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。 *I want to get something to read during the vacation. 我想在假期里找一些读的东西。 (2)如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。 *He is a pleasant person to work with. 他是个很好共事的人。 (3)当中心词为序数词、最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时，常用不定式作定语。 *He was the last one to arrive here. 他是最后一个到达这里的人。 *He is the only person to know the truth. 他是唯一一个了解真相的人。 [即时演练5]——单句语法填空 (1)The plum trees are the first to flower(flower) even as the snow is melting(融化). (2)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change(change) lives. (3)Sir, do you have some clothes to be washed(wash)? (4)Give me a piece of paper to write on． 5．作状语 (1)表示目的。 *Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号探测器上的仪器，寻找和研究南极艾特肯盆地地区。 *To help us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. 为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议我们通读笔记。 (2)表示结果。 动词不定式作结果状语时常用如下结构： ①enough＋n.＋to do　　　足够…… ②n./adj./adv.＋enough＋to do 足够…… ③too＋adj./adv.＋to do 太……而不能…… *The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people. 加利福尼亚号来得太晚了，以至于没能挽救更多的人。 (3)表示原因。 ①不定式作原因状语，常用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。 *I have enjoyed my visit to China.I'll be very sorry to leave. 我非常享受这次的中国之旅，但遗憾的是我要离开了。 ②用于“be＋形容词(表示性质)＋不定式”结构中，常见的形容词有easy、hard、difficult、interesting、good、comfortable、safe、dangerous、impossible等。此句型中的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。 *The box is not easy to carry. 这个箱子不易携带。 [即时演练6]——完成句子 (1)为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共交通工具，而不是私家车。 To reduce air pollution, we should take the public transports rather than the private cars. (2)凯特是一个容易相处的女孩，我们都喜欢她。 Kate is a girl who is easy to get along with and we all like her. (3)他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left． (4)听说你奶奶生病了，我很难过。 I'm sorry to hear that your grandma is ill． 6．作宾语补足语 (1)不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补足语：ask、advise、allow、cause、encourage、expect、invite、notice、order、teach、tell、warn等。 *She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. 她要我在她不在的时候接电话。 *Who taught you to play the music? 谁教你弹这首曲子的？ (2)当动词不定式在使役动词 let、have、make后和感官动词(短语)see、watch、look at、notice、hear、listen to、feel等后作宾语补足语时，常省略to。get除外(get sb.to do sth.)。 *The teacher had us recite the text every day. 老师让我们每天背诵课文。 * Our mother made us go to bed at a certain time.　我们的妈妈让我们在某一固定时间上床睡觉。 [即时演练7]——单句语法填空 (1)My friend invited me to see(see) the new film yesterday. (2)The boy was made to study(study) all day. (3)His parents don't allow him to go(go) out at night. 四、写作清单 写作一　应用文写作——介绍学校 写作要求 假定你是李华，刚上高中两个多星期，请你按照以下内容给你的英国笔友汤姆(Tom)写一封80词左右的电子邮件，简单介绍你的学校、老师和自己的情况： 1．我的新学校是一所历史悠久的名校，有50个班，2 500 多名学生； 2．老师的教学方法与初中截然不同，上课方式很有趣； 3．课程比初中更有挑战性，但有信心学好； 4．与同学相处融洽，积极参加各种课外活动。 审题谋篇 第一步：审题构思很关键 第二步：补全句子雏形现 1．我的新学校是一所历史悠久的名校。 My new school is famous and has a long history． 2．它的面积是我初中学校的三倍。 It is three times the size of my junior secondary school. 3．我的学校有50个班，2 500多名学生。 There are 50 classes and over 2，500 students in my school. 4．我们老师的教学方法很有趣，与以前的截然不同。 Our teachers' teaching methods are interesting and different from those of my previous teachers. 5．我们学习的课程更有挑战性。 The subjects we are learning are more challenging． 6．我相信我能把这些课程学好。 I am confident that I can learn them well. 7．我与同学相处融洽，积极参加各种课外活动。 I'm getting along very well with my classmates and I take an active part in all kinds of after-school activities. 第三步：句式升级造亮点 8．用非限制性定语从句连接第二步中的句1和句2 My new school, which is three times the size of my junior secondary school,____is famous and has a long history. 9．用让步状语从句连接第二步中的句5和句6 Although the subjects we are learning are more challenging, I'm confident that I can learn them well. 第四步：过渡衔接连成篇 _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ One possible version： Dear Tom， I'm writing to tell you something about my new school. My new school, which is three times the size of my junior secondary school, is famous and has a long history.Besides, there are 50 classes and over 2，500 students in my school.Our teachers' teaching methods are interesting and different from those of my previous teachers.Although the subjects we are learning are more challenging, I'm confident that I can learn them well.In addition, I'm getting along very well with my classmates and I take an active part in all kinds of after-school activities. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours truly， Li Hua 实战演练 假定你是李华，你原本答应陪你的英国朋友保罗(Paul)周末去参观“中国传统文化展(the Traditional Chinese Culture Fair)”，但因故不能遵守承诺。请你给保罗写一封邮件，要点如下： 1.表达歉意； 2.说明原因； 3.希望保罗下周分享所见所闻。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ One possible version： Dear Paul， I'm really sorry to tell you that I can't go to the Traditional Chinese Culture Fair this weekend with you.My grandmother accidentally broke her arm last night and I have to take care of her these days. What a pity I can't go with you to the fair, where many valuable pictures, books and objects will be on display.I'm sure you will have a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture.And I hope you can share with me what you see at the fair sometime next week. Please forgive me for my absence.I hope you'll enjoy yourself at the fair. Yours， Li Hua 写作二　续写微技能——融入新学校 话题表达聚焦 基于主题语境的续写实践 1.完成句子/句式升级 (1)我们打开包裹，摆放好家具，适应着阳光之州的新生活。(动词的联动) We unwrapped the package, arranged the furniture and adjusted to the new life in the Sunshine State. (2)我不是一个爱冒险的女孩，并且对新学校感到焦虑，脑子里充满了恐惧和担忧。(独立主格结构) I was not an adventurous girl and I felt anxious about my new school, my head full of fears and worries． (3)No matter how hard I tried(无论我多么努力地尝试), I did not make any friend.(no matter how 引导让步状语从句) It made me feel like a total failure(一个彻底的失败者).(抽象名词具体化) 用非限制性定语从句合并以上两个句子： No matter how hard I tried, I did not make any friend, which made me feel like a total failure. (4)我正要离开，这时篮球队长詹姆斯——新学校最受欢迎的学生来到我的面前。(be about to do...when...；同位语) I was about to leave when James, the basketball captain, the most popular student in the new school came up to me. (5)他问我是否可以帮助这个团队，因为他们很难完成高级文学作业。[as 引导原因状语从句；have difficulty (in) doing sth.] He asked if I could help the team out as they had difficulty (in) finishing their assignments of advanced literature. (6)我点了点头，也正是从那一刻起，我开始适应新学校。(强调句型) I nodded and it was from that moment that I began to fit in the new school. 2.衔接美文 将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的过渡衔接词。 _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ One possible version： 　　We unwrapped the package, arranged the furniture and adjusted to the new life in the Sunshine State. At first, I was not an adventurous girl and I felt anxious about my new school, my head full of fears and worries. No matter how hard I tried, I did not make any friend, which made me feel like a total failure. Then one day, I was about to leave when James, the basketball captain, the most popular student in the new school came up to me. He asked if I could help the team out as they had difficulty (in) finishing their assignments of advanced literature. Immediately I nodded and it was from that moment that I began to fit in the new school. 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$