Unit 1 People of Achievement（重难词汇精练）英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 People of Achievement重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、重点单词 2 题型四、单句语法填空 2 题型五、单词拼写 4 题型六、完成句子 4 综合攻坚·能力跃升 5 题型一、语篇语法填空 5 题型二、应用文写作 6 题型一、词性转换 1. distinct adj. 清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的→______________ n. 差别 2. novel n. (长篇)小说→______________ n. 小说家 3. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→______________ adj. 尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的 →______________ n. 承诺; 交托; 信奉 4. conclude v. 得出结论, 结束; 终止→______________ n. 结论; 推论 5. apparent adj. 显而易见的; 显然的; 表面上的→ ______________ adv. 显而易见; 看来; 显然 6. science n. 科学→______________ n. 科学家→______________ adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的 7. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院; 学会; 专科院校→ ______________ adj. 学业的; 学术的 8. object n. 物体; 对象; 客体→______________ n. 目标; 目的　adj. 客观的 9. botany n. 植物学→______________ adj. 植物学的 10. politic n. 政治学→______________ n. 从政者; 政治家; 政客 题型二、核心短语 1. ______________ 以(做)……为目的  2. ______________ 坚决要求  3. ______________ (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗  4. ______________ (开始)掌权; 上台  5. ______________ 担任; 任职  6. ______________ 总结; 概括  7. ______________ 进入僵局; 被卡住  8. ______________ 偶然; 意外地  9. ______________ 导致, 通向  10. ______________ 经得起; 抵抗; 勇敢地面对  题型三、重点单词 1． adj.至关重要的；关键性的 2． adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 3． n．目标；目的 adj.客观的 4． n．性质；特征；财产 5． vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点 6． n．液体 adj.液体的；液态的 7． vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 8． vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 9． n．失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜 10． adv.显而易见；看来；显然 11． vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 12． adv.主要地；一般地 13． n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 14． n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动 15． vt.创建；建立；把……建立在 16． vt.推断；推定 17． adj.温柔的；文静的 18． n．(pl. geniuses)天才；天资；天赋 19． n．酷爱；激情 20． adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 题型四、单句语法填空 1．The durability of the wooden buildings has stood the test of time, of the Forbidden City is a good example. 2．The true magic of shadow play lies not just in its making, but in its live performance, a team of puppeteers (木偶操纵师), narrators, and musicians work together in harmony. 3．She was awarded the Nobel Prize for her (contribute) to medical science. 4．Through my great efforts, I obtained an qualification at the Chinese of Science.(academy) 5．As you know, is my main major at university, and as a consequence, I memorize many parties and . (politician) 6．I that he didn’t tell us the truth, that is to say, I came to the that he lied.(conclude) 7． to education, he every minute to studying and teaching, so his finally paid off. (commit) 8．Though she has been teaching English for twenty years, she is still (passion) about teaching. 9．He has a passion Chinese literature, which dates back to his youth. 10．He is determined to commit (he) to the cause of education. 11．In ancient times, needlework was a must-learn skill for women, had to make clothes for their families. 12．The historical site, the government plans to restore, will be open to the public next year. 13．To my great delight, Tom has (gradual) adapted to his life in the city. 14．It has created thousands of local jobs, many of need people with a knowledge of Chinese. 15．I met some fruit-pickers on my way to a village, several of were university students 16．Her (remark) achievement earned her a scholarship to the famous university. 17．The old man, without help the lost child might still be wandering in the street, is a kind-hearted neighbor. 18． we all know, he is a famous scientist in this field. 19．Einstein (flee) to the United States by October, 1933. 20．Many people make a sharp (distinct) between right and wrong. 21．Water is vital keeping every living thing alive, without which the world would be a dead place. 22．The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as she were their own mother. 23．The small village has taken a new look since the kind-hearted photographer came into it. 24．It has been two years since the party came power. 25． (consequence), she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture. 26．As consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas. 27．The studies of (botany) pesticides have important theoretical and practical significances. 28．In our life, we won’t (defeat) by anyone but ourselves. So cheer up and keep on going. 29．Neighbors devoted their spare time to (help) others rebuild homes. 30．When we come across new words in reading, try to infer the word's meaning the context. 题型五、单词拼写 1．You need to (获得) the permission from our teacher if you want to leave the school. 2．Artemisinin has become a (必不可少的、极其重要的) part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. 3．The (可持续的) development of the economy is very important. 4．His great (贡献) to the field of physics earned him worldwide respect. 5．The test was to assess (评价) ability rather than (学业的) achievement. 6．The (分析) of the data helped the scientists draw a conclusion. 7．The sun (渐渐) set behind the horizon, casting a warm glow over the landscape. 8．Based on (科学) research, the report is quite reliable and can help you solve the problem. 9．Born in France in 1802, Victor Hugo was a (小说家), poet and playwright and was part of the Romantic Movement. 10．During her speech, the scientist (公开感谢) her mentors for their guidance. 11．Under no (情况) should you turn a blind eye to the mess. 12．He has too (温和的) a nature to get angry, even if he as good cause. 13．As a (政客), he modelled himself on Churchill. 14．The (理论) was so complex that few people could understand it at that time. 15．Tu Youyou, a (尽职尽责的) and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930. 16．The speaker had (显然) struck a chord with his audience. 17．The musician played the guitar with (激情) and energy, which heightened the audience. 18．She has made (非凡的) progress since she came to our school. 19．A fortunate (相遇) on the street brought the two friends together after a long separation. 20．It is necessary for we customers to hold an (客观的) attitude towards ratings on various shopping websites. 题型六、完成句子 1．Li Shizhen a famous pharmacist in Ming Dynasty. 李时珍是中国明代的一位著名医药学家。 2．我从自己的经历中得出结论：“没有付出就没有收获。” I , “No pain, no gain.” 3．你能告诉我这位新领导什么时候上台的吗? Could you tell me ? 4．He changed his mind, . 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。 5．以衣着来评判人是不对的。 It’s wrong . 6． the police will soon look into the case of two missing children. 据报道警方将很快调查两个孩子失踪的案件。 7．In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. 1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。 8．The car shows signs of after years of use. 这辆车经过多年的使用后显示出了磨损的迹象。 9．He one of the world’s greatest architectures. 他被公认为世界上最伟大的建筑师之一。 10．艺术家坚持创造自己独特的绘画风格。 The artist her own unique style of painting. 题型一、语篇语法填空 （2024-2025学年高一上学期期中·安徽省六安一中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Albert Einstein is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, 1 made numerous contributions to the world. At 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam. After studying for another year, he managed 2 (pass) the exam, entering university in1896 and graduating in 1900. Later, Einstein took 3 job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working there, out of a strong passion 4 knowledge, he continued to study, 5 (earn) a doctorate in physics in1905. That same year, his four extraordinary physics papers 6 (publish ). Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his 7 (explain) of the photoelectric effect. When Hitler came to power in Germany, Einstein found the doors of 8 (academy) institutions closed to him. 9 (consequent), he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA．On 18 April 1955, 10 was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. （2024-2025学年·湖南长沙·高一上学期期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tu Youyou was awarded with Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2015, because she has discovered artemisinin, which 1 (use) as a crucial new treatment for malaria to save millions of people. Born in Ningbo, China, she graduated 2 Peking University Medical School in 1955. She was among the first researchers 3 (choose) for the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria. At first, she went to Hainan because there were more malaria 4 (patient). When she headed the project in 1969, she decided to find traditional 5 (botany) treatments for the disease, so her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts and evaluated 280, 000 plants, from 6 they tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. Though Tu’s team tested dried wormwood leaves and tried the liquid obtained by 7 (boil) fresh wormwood, they failed in vain. However, Tu didn’t acknowledge defeat and analysed the medical texts again, finding a new way 8 (treat) the wormwood. After failing over 190 times, the team 9 (final) succeeded in 1971. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. Tu owed the honor to the efforts of a team and she felt it 10 honor to spread traditional Chinese medicine around the world. 题型二、应用文写作 （2024-2025学年·浙江·高一上学期期中）假定你是苏华，你的英国朋友Sam对中医学很感兴趣，在邮件中向你询问中国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家屠呦呦以及她的贡献，请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1.屠呦呦简介；2.她的贡献；3.你的希望。 写作要求： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sam, More than delighted to know that ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Su Hua 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 People of Achievement重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、重点单词 2 题型四、单句语法填空 3 题型五、单词拼写 7 题型六、完成句子 9 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一、语篇语法填空 11 题型二、应用文写作 14 题型一、词性转换 1. distinct adj. 清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的→distinction n. 差别 2. novel n. (长篇)小说→novelist n. 小说家 3. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj. 尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的 →commitment n. 承诺; 交托; 信奉 4. conclude v. 得出结论, 结束; 终止→conclusion n. 结论; 推论 5. apparent adj. 显而易见的; 显然的; 表面上的→ apparently adv. 显而易见; 看来; 显然 6. science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家→scientific adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的 7. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院; 学会; 专科院校→ academic adj. 学业的; 学术的 8. object n. 物体; 对象; 客体→objective n. 目标; 目的　adj. 客观的 9. botany n. 植物学→botanical adj. 植物学的 10. politic n. 政治学→politician n. 从政者; 政治家; 政客 题型二、核心短语 1. with the objective of (doing) 以(做)……为目的  2. insist on 坚决要求  3. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗  4. come to power (开始)掌权; 上台  5. take up a position 担任; 任职  6. sum up 总结; 概括  7. get stuck 进入僵局; 被卡住  8. by chance 偶然; 意外地  9. lead to 导致, 通向  10. stand up to 经得起; 抵抗; 勇敢地面对  题型三、重点单词 1．crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的 2．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 3．objective n．目标；目的 adj.客观的 4．property n．性质；特征；财产 5．boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点 6．liquid n．液体 adj.液体的；液态的 7．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 8．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 9．defeat n．失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜 10．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 11．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 12．mostly adv.主要地；一般地 13．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 14．flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动 15．found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在 16．infer vt.推断；推定 17．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的 18．genius n．(pl. geniuses)天才；天资；天赋 19．passion n．酷爱；激情 20．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 题型四、单句语法填空 1．The durability of the wooden buildings has stood the test of time, of the Forbidden City is a good example. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：木制建筑的耐久性经受住了时间的考验，紫禁城就是一个很好的例子。“of ________the Forbidden City is a good example”为非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，修饰前面的主句，关系词代替先行词在从句中作of的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 2．The true magic of shadow play lies not just in its making, but in its live performance, a team of puppeteers (木偶操纵师), narrators, and musicians work together in harmony. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：皮影戏的真正魅力不仅在于其制作过程，更在于其现场表演，在这一环节中，一群木偶操纵者、讲述者和乐手们和谐地协作。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词live performance作补充说明，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 3．She was awarded the Nobel Prize for her (contribute) to medical science. 【答案】contributions 【详解】考查名词。句意：她因对医学科学的贡献而被授予诺贝尔奖。空处作宾语，前面有形容词性物主代词修饰，应填名词“contribution”，为可数名词，此处用复数形式表示“贡献”。故填contributions。 4．Through my great efforts, I obtained an qualification at the Chinese of Science.(academy) 【答案】 academic Academy 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：通过我的努力，我获得了中国科学院的学术资格。第一空用形容词作定语，修饰名词qualification，academy的形容词是academic，意为“学术的”；Chinese Academy of Science是专有名词，意为“中国科学院”，因此第二空是Academy。故填academic，Academy。 5．As you know, is my main major at university, and as a consequence, I memorize many parties and . (politician) 【答案】 politics political politicians 【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意：如你所知，在大学里我的主修专业是政治学，因此我记住了很多政党和政客的信息。第一空作主语，表示“政治学”用名词politics；第二空修饰名词parties，用形容词political“政治的”，作定语；第三空与parties并列，作memorize的宾语，需用名词形式，表示“政客，政治家”用名词politician，结合上文parties可知，many后需接可数名词复数形式。故填①politics；②political；③politicians。 6．I that he didn’t tell us the truth, that is to say, I came to the that he lied.(conclude) 【答案】 concluded conclusion 【详解】考查动词。句意：我得出的结论是，他没有向我们说实话，也就是说，我得出的结论是他在撒谎。第一空作谓语，结合后文didn’t可知为一般过去时；第二空作宾语，短语come to the conclusion表示“得出结论”。故填①concluded；②conclusion。 7． to education, he every minute to studying and teaching, so his finally paid off. (commit) 【答案】 Committed committed commitment 【详解】考查非谓语动词，动词时态和名词。句意：致力于教育事业，他将每一分钟都投入到学习和教学中，因此他的付出最终得到了回报。第一空为非谓语动词作状语，be committed to是固定搭配，意为“致力于……”，此处需用过去分词形式作原因状语，位于句首，首字母需大写；第二空作谓语，结合“paid off”可知，使用一般过去时；第三空作主语，需用名词commitment，为不可数名词。故填①Committed；②committed；③commitment。 8．Though she has been teaching English for twenty years, she is still (passion) about teaching. 【答案】passionate 【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然她教英语已经二十年了，但她仍然对教学充满热情。根据空前的“is still”可知，空处需用形容词作表语，passion的形容词形式是passionate，意为“热情的”，be passionate about为固定短语，意为“对……充满热情”。故填passionate。 9．He has a passion Chinese literature, which dates back to his youth. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：他对中国文学情有独钟，这可以追溯到他年轻的时候。have a passion for是固定短语，意为“对……有热情”，因此空格处用介词for，故填for。 10．He is determined to commit (he) to the cause of education. 【答案】himself 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：他决心献身于教育事业。作宾语，和主语he为同一主体，用反身代词，“commit oneself to...”是固定短语，意为“致力于；献身于”。故填himself。 11．In ancient times, needlework was a must-learn skill for women, had to make clothes for their families. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在古代，女红是女子必学的技能，要为家人缝制衣服。空处引非限制性定语从句，先行词women在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 12．The historical site, the government plans to restore, will be open to the public next year. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：政府计划复原的历史遗址将于明年向公众开放。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The historical site指物，在从句中作宾语成分，所以为关系代词which引导。故填which。 13．To my great delight, Tom has (gradual) adapted to his life in the city. 【答案】gradually 【详解】考查副词。句意：令我高兴的是，汤姆已经逐渐适应了城市生活。空格处修饰动词adapted，应用副词gradually，作状语。故填gradually。 14．It has created thousands of local jobs, many of need people with a knowledge of Chinese. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它创造了成千上万的本地就业机会，其中许多工作需要懂中文的人。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“thousands of local jobs”，在从句中作介词of的宾语，且先行词指物，用which引导定语从句。故填which。 15．I met some fruit-pickers on my way to a village, several of were university students 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我在去一个村庄的路上遇到了一些摘水果的人，其中有几个是大学生。分析句式结构可知，此处是介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，因为先行词指人，且介词of后缺少宾语，所以用关系代词whom。故答案为whom。 16．Her (remark) achievement earned her a scholarship to the famous university. 【答案】remarkable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她引人瞩目的成就为她赢得了这所著名大学的奖学金。achievement为名词，需要用形容词来修饰，remark为名词或动词，需用其形容词形式用于描述成就的性质特点。故填remarkable。 17．The old man, without help the lost child might still be wandering in the street, is a kind-hearted neighbor. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如果没有那位好心邻居的帮助，那个走失的孩子可能还在街上流浪。“without _____  help the lost child might still be wandering in the street”为非限制性定语从句，先行词是The old man，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰名词help，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 18． we all know, he is a famous scientist in this field. 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，他是这个领域著名的科学家。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，指代后文整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，所以空处需用关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，句首单词需大写首字母。故填As。 19．Einstein (flee) to the United States by October, 1933. 【答案】had fled 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到1933年10月，爱因斯坦逃到了美国。根据后文“by October, 1933”可知应用过去完成时，且主语与谓语动词构成主动关系，故用过去完成时的主动语态。故填had fled。 20．Many people make a sharp (distinct) between right and wrong. 【答案】distinction 【详解】考查名词。句意：许多人对正确与错误有明显的区别。此处为名词作宾语，distinct的名词为distinction意为“区别”，空前有不定冠词a，所以此处使用名词单数形式。故填distinction。 21．Water is vital keeping every living thing alive, without which the world would be a dead place. 【答案】to/for 【详解】考查介词。句意：水对于保持每一个生物存活是至关重要的，没有水，世界将是一个死寂的地方。“be vital to/for doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为“对做某事至关重要”。故填to/for。 22．The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as she were their own mother. 【答案】if/though 【详解】考查方式状语从句。句意：孩子们和她非常友好，甚至把她当作自己的母亲一样尊敬。本空引导方式状语从句，表示“好像”，用as if/though。故填if/though。 23．The small village has taken a new look since the kind-hearted photographer came into it. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：自从这位好心的摄影师来到这个小村庄后，它的面貌焕然一新。短语take on表示“呈现”。故填on。 24．It has been two years since the party came power. 【答案】to/into 【详解】考查介词。句意：该党执政已有两年了。句中come to/into power为固定短语，意为“执政，掌权”，故填to/into。 25． (consequence), she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture. 【答案】Consequently 【详解】考查副词。句意：结果，她理解了它，并对中国传统文化产生了兴趣。所给词consequence为名词“结果”。根据句意需要用副词来修饰整个句子，因此需要将名词转换为副词consequently“结果”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Consequently。 26．As consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：因此，孩子们变得如此依赖父母，以至于他们没有独立的思考或创造性的想法。as a consequence为固定短语，意为“因此，结果”。故填a。 27．The studies of (botany) pesticides have important theoretical and practical significances. 【答案】botanical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：植物源农药的研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。提示词修饰名词pesticides，用形容词botanical作定语，“植物学的，植物的”。故填botanical。 28．In our life, we won’t (defeat) by anyone but ourselves. So cheer up and keep on going. 【答案】be defeated 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：在我们的生活中，我们不会被任何人打败，只有我们自己。所以振作起来，继续前进。we和defeat为被动关系，需用被动语态，位于助动词won’t后面，使用动词原形。故填be defeated。 29．Neighbors devoted their spare time to (help) others rebuild homes. 【答案】helping 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：邻居们把自己的空闲时间用于帮助他人重建家园。词组devote...to...为固定短语，意为“把……献给做某事”，短语中的to为介词，后面需接动名词作宾语。故填helping。 30．When we come across new words in reading, try to infer the word's meaning the context. 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：当我们在阅读中遇到生词时，试着从上下文中推断这个词的意思。短语infer from表示“从……推断出”。故填from。 题型五、单词拼写 1．You need to (获得) the permission from our teacher if you want to leave the school. 【答案】obtain 【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你想离开学校，你需要获得我们老师的许可。根据汉语提示可知，表示“获得”应用动词obtain，且need to do sth.为固定用法，意为“需要做某事”，所以空处需填动词原形。故填obtain。 2．Artemisinin has become a (必不可少的、极其重要的) part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. 【答案】vital 【详解】考查形容词。句意：青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾必不可少的组成部分，据认为仅在非洲每年就能挽救10万人的生命。根据汉语提示“必不可少的、极其重要的”可知，空处应填形容词vital，作定语修饰名词part。故填vital。 3．The (可持续的) development of the economy is very important. 【答案】sustainable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：经济的可持续发展至关重要。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“可持续的”应用sustainable，为形容词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词。故填sustainable。 4．His great (贡献) to the field of physics earned him worldwide respect. 【答案】contributions 【详解】考查名词。句意：他对物理学领域的巨大贡献为他赢得了全世界的尊重。根据汉语提示 “贡献”，以及形容词 great修饰名词，且根据语境可知这里贡献不止一项，所以应用名词复数形式作主语，contribution的复数为contributions。故填contributions。 5．The test was to assess (评价) ability rather than (学业的) achievement. 【答案】academic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这次测试是为了评估能力，而不是学业成就。根据汉语提示“学业的”可知，此处应为形容词academic，作定语修饰名词achievement。故填academic。 6．The (分析) of the data helped the scientists draw a conclusion. 【答案】analysis 【详解】考查名词。句意：对数据的分析帮助科学家们得出了结论。空处应填名词作主语，表示“分析”使用名词analysis，且此处为单数意义，用名词单数形式。故填analysis。 7．The sun (渐渐) set behind the horizon, casting a warm glow over the landscape. 【答案】gradually 【详解】考查副词。句意：太阳缓缓地沉落于地平线之后，将温暖的光芒洒向大地。根据汉语提示可知用副词gradually，修饰动词短语set behind。故填gradually。 8．Based on (科学) research, the report is quite reliable and can help you solve the problem. 【答案】scientific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：根据科学研究得出的结论，这份报告相当可靠，能够帮助您解决这个问题。根据汉语提示可知用形容词scientific，修饰名词research作定语。故填scientific。 9．Born in France in 1802, Victor Hugo was a (小说家), poet and playwright and was part of the Romantic Movement. 【答案】novelist 【详解】考查名词。句意：维克多·雨果于1802年出生于法国，是一位小说家、诗人和剧作家，并且是浪漫主义运动的成员。此处为名词作表语，根据提示的汉语“小说家”可知，此处应使用名词novelist，空前有不定冠词a，所以此处使用名词单数形式。故填novelist。 10．During her speech, the scientist (公开感谢) her mentors for their guidance. 【答案】acknowledged 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在她的演讲中，这位科学家公开感谢了导师们的指导。“公开感谢”应用动词acknowledge，且句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填acknowledged。 11．Under no (情况) should you turn a blind eye to the mess. 【答案】circumstances 【详解】考查介词短语、名词。句意：在任何情况下你都不应该对这一团糟视而不见。根据空白处前面介词短语under no以及汉语提示“情况”，可知此处考查固定短语under no circumstances，意为 “在任何情况下都不”，名词circumstances作宾语。故填circumstances。 12．He has too (温和的) a nature to get angry, even if he as good cause. 【答案】mild/gentle 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他有太温和的天性，即使有很好的理由也不会生气。该句为“too+形容词+a(n)+名词+to do”结构，根据提示的汉语，此处表示“温和的”应使用形容词mild或gentle来描述他的性格特质，作定语修饰nature。故填mild/gentle。 13．As a (政客), he modelled himself on Churchill. 【答案】politician 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名政治家，他以丘吉尔为榜样。根据汉语提示可知应用名词politician，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填politician。 14．The (理论) was so complex that few people could understand it at that time. 【答案】theory 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个理论太复杂了，以至于当时很少有人能理解。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要名词theory“理论”，在句中作主语。根据was可知，空处需要该名词的单数形式。故填theory。 15．Tu Youyou, a (尽职尽责的) and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930. 【答案】committed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：屠呦呦，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，是一位坚定而耐心的科学家。根据汉语提示“尽职尽责的”可知，此处应填形容词committed作定语，修饰名词scientist。故填committed。 16．The speaker had (显然) struck a chord with his audience. 【答案】apparently 【详解】考查副词。句意：演讲者显然引起了听众的共鸣。修饰动词，用副词形式。副词“显然”英文为apparently。根据汉语提示及句意，故填apparently。 17．The musician played the guitar with (激情) and energy, which heightened the audience. 【答案】passion 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位音乐家热情洋溢、精力充沛地弹奏吉他，使听众的情绪高涨起来。根据介词“with”可知，空处应为名词，作宾语；passion为名词，表示“激情”，符合句意。故填passion。 18．She has made (非凡的) progress since she came to our school. 【答案】remarkable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：自从她来到我们学校以来，她取得了显著的进步。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词remarkable“非凡的”作定语修饰progress，满足句意要求。故填remarkable。 19．A fortunate (相遇) on the street brought the two friends together after a long separation. 【答案】encounter 【详解】考查名词。句意：在街上的一次幸运相遇使这两个朋友久别重逢。根据汉语提示和空前的A fortunate可知 ，这里应用名词单数作主语，encounter意为“相遇”，符合题意。故填encounter。 20．It is necessary for we customers to hold an (客观的) attitude towards ratings on various shopping websites. 【答案】objective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们消费者有必要对各种购物网站的评分持客观的态度。根据汉语提示“客观的”可知，此处为形容词objective，作定语，修饰名词attitude。故填objective。 题型六、完成句子 1．Li Shizhen a famous pharmacist in Ming Dynasty. 李时珍是中国明代的一位著名医药学家。 【答案】was known as 【详解】考查固定短语。此处结合语境理解为“被认为是……”应用be known as，根据后文in Ming Dynasty.可知为一般过去时，主语为李时珍，谓语用单数。故填was known as。 2．我从自己的经历中得出结论：“没有付出就没有收获。” I , “No pain, no gain.” 【答案】concluded from my own experience/drew a conclusion from my own experience 【详解】考查动词和名词。根据中文提示可知，表示“得出结论”可用conclude或者draw a conclusion，在本句中作谓语，时态可用一般过去时表过去情况；表示“从自己的经历中”可翻译为from my own experience，为介词短语在本句中作状语。故填concluded from my own experience或drew a conclusion from my own experience。 3．你能告诉我这位新领导什么时候上台的吗? Could you tell me ? 【答案】when the new leader came to/into power 【详解】考查宾语从句。表示“什么时候”应用when，引导宾语从句；表示“这位新领导”应用the new leader；表示“上台”应用come to/into power，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填when the new leader came to/into power。 4．He changed his mind, . 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。 【答案】which made me very angry 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意，此处表示“这使我很生气”，结合此空所处的位置，此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为主句内容，在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which引导定语从句，表示“使我很生气”为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，make为谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词changed可知，从句谓语动词make应为动词过去式made，表示“我”为me作宾语，表示“很生气”为very angry作宾补。故填which made me very angry。 5．以衣着来评判人是不对的。 It’s wrong . 【答案】to evaluate people by their clothes 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“以衣着来评判人”翻译为evaluate people by their clothes；It+be+adj+to do something是固定句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，所以空格处应该用不定式形式。故填to evaluate people by their clothes。 6． the police will soon look into the case of two missing children. 据报道警方将很快调查两个孩子失踪的案件。 【答案】It is reported that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：据报道，警方很快就会调查这两个失踪儿童的案件。“据报道”表达为固定句型It is reported that...，it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。根据从句的will可知主句为一般现在时，故填It is reported that。 7．In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. 1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。 【答案】with the objective of 【详解】考查介词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“以……为目的”，应用介词短语with the objective of，意为“以……为目标”，作状语。故填with the objective of。 8．The car shows signs of after years of use. 这辆车经过多年的使用后显示出了磨损的迹象。 【答案】 wear and tear 【详解】考查固定短语。空处表示“磨损”，应为固定短语wear and tear，作介词of的宾语，故填①wear②and③tear。 9．He one of the world’s greatest architectures. 他被公认为世界上最伟大的建筑师之一。 【答案】 is widely acknowledged as 【详解】考查短语和时态。根据中文提示可知，表示“被公认为”应用be widely acknowledged as，为固定搭配，其中widely表“广泛地”，为副词，在本句中作状语。且时态可为一般现在时表客观情况，主语He为第三人称单数形式。故填is widely acknowledged as。 10．艺术家坚持创造自己独特的绘画风格。 The artist her own unique style of painting. 【答案】 insisted on creating 【详解】考查时态和动名词。本句为一般过去时态，insist on为固定短语，表示“坚持”，后接动名词形式creating，故填①insisted②on③creating。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （2024-2025学年高一上学期期中·安徽省六安一中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Albert Einstein is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, 1 made numerous contributions to the world. At 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam. After studying for another year, he managed 2 (pass) the exam, entering university in1896 and graduating in 1900. Later, Einstein took 3 job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working there, out of a strong passion 4 knowledge, he continued to study, 5 (earn) a doctorate in physics in1905. That same year, his four extraordinary physics papers 6 (publish ). Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his 7 (explain) of the photoelectric effect. When Hitler came to power in Germany, Einstein found the doors of 8 (academy) institutions closed to him. 9 (consequent), he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA．On 18 April 1955, 10 was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. 【答案】 1．who 2．to pass 3．a 4．for 5．earning 6．were published 7．explanation 8．academic 9．Consequently 10．it 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了科学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的个人经历以及成就。 1．考查定语从句。句意：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，他为世界做出了许多贡献。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Albert Einstein，在从句作主语，指人，故填who。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：又学习了一年之后，他设法通过了考试，1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。短语manage to do sth.表示“设法做成某事”。故填to pass。 3．考查冠词。句意：后来，爱因斯坦在瑞士专利局找到了一份办事员的工作。短语take a job as表示“接受某个职位”。故填a。 4．考查介词。句意：在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得物理学博士学位。短语a strong passion for表示“对……强烈热情”。故填for。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得物理学博士学位。此处earn与he构成主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填earning。 6．考查时态语态。句意：同年，他发表了四篇非凡的物理学论文。主语his four extraordinary physics papers与谓语构成被动关系，且发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were published。 7．考查名词。句意：1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。作介词的宾语，应用名词explanation，故填explanation。 8．考查形容词。句意：当希特勒在德国掌权时，爱因斯坦发现学术机构对他关上了大门。修饰名词institutions应用形容词academic，作定语。故填academic。 9．考查副词。句意：因此，他不得不逃离德国。修饰后文句子应用副词consequently，首字母大写。故填Consequently。 10．考查固定句型。句意：1955年4月18日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都在哀悼这位杰出科学家的巨大损失。表示“据报道”句型为it be reported that…，it是形式主语，that引导主语从句是真正的主语，故填it。 （2024-2025学年·湖南长沙·高一上学期期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tu Youyou was awarded with Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2015, because she has discovered artemisinin, which 1 (use) as a crucial new treatment for malaria to save millions of people. Born in Ningbo, China, she graduated 2 Peking University Medical School in 1955. She was among the first researchers 3 (choose) for the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria. At first, she went to Hainan because there were more malaria 4 (patient). When she headed the project in 1969, she decided to find traditional 5 (botany) treatments for the disease, so her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts and evaluated 280, 000 plants, from 6 they tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. Though Tu’s team tested dried wormwood leaves and tried the liquid obtained by 7 (boil) fresh wormwood, they failed in vain. However, Tu didn’t acknowledge defeat and analysed the medical texts again, finding a new way 8 (treat) the wormwood. After failing over 190 times, the team 9 (final) succeeded in 1971. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. Tu owed the honor to the efforts of a team and she felt it 10 honor to spread traditional Chinese medicine around the world. 【答案】 1．was used 2．from 3．chosen 4．patients 5．botanical 6．which 7．boiling 8．to treat 9．finally 10．an 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了居呦呦团队历尽千辛万苦发现青蒿素并获得诺贝尔奖的经历。 1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：屠呦呦于2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，因为她发现了青蒿素，它被当作一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新方法被使用，挽救了数百万人的生命。which指代先行词artemisinin，在定语从句中作主语，which后缺少谓语，和use是被动关系，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，主语是单数，谓语也用单数，故填was used。 2．考查介词。句意：她出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。graduate from表示“从……毕业”，故填from。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：她是第一批被选的以发现疟疾新疗法为目标的研究者之一。谓语是was，choose是非谓语动词，和researcher是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填chosen。 4．考查名词。句意：起初，她去了海南，因为那里有更多的疟疾病人。根据were和more可知后面用名词复数，故填patients。 5．考查形容词。句意：当她在1969年领导这个项目时，她决定寻找治疗这种疾病的传统(植物学)方法，因此她的团队检查了2000多份古老的医学文献，评估了28万种植物，从中测试了380种不同的古代中国医学疗法。形容词修饰名词treatment，作定语，故填botanical。 6．考查定语从句。句意：当她在1969年领导这个项目时，她决定寻找治疗这种疾病的传统植物学方法，因此她的团队检查了2000多份古老的医学文献，评估了28万种植物，从中测试了380种不同的古代中国医学疗法。先行词280, 000 plants，在定语从句中作介词from的宾语，故填which。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管屠的团队测试了干艾叶，并尝试了从新鲜艾叶中获得的液体，但他们都失败了。介词by后面用动名词作宾语，故填boiling。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，屠不服输，重新分析了医学文献，找到了治疗艾草的新方法。way后用动词不定式作定语，故填to treat。 9．考查副词。句意：在失败了190多次之后，1971年团队最终成功了。副词修饰动词succeed，作状语，故填finally。 10．考查冠词。句意：屠认为这是一个团队的努力，她觉得在世界各地传播中医是一种荣誉。可数名词前用不定冠词，表示一个，honor是元音音素开头的单词，前面用an，故填an。 题型二、应用文写作 （2024-2025学年·浙江·高一上学期期中）假定你是苏华，你的英国朋友Sam对中医学很感兴趣，在邮件中向你询问中国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家屠呦呦以及她的贡献，请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1.屠呦呦简介；2.她的贡献；3.你的希望。 写作要求： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sam, More than delighted to know that ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Su Hua 【答案】Possible version: Dear Sam, More than delighted to know that you have a great interest in traditional Chinese medicine and Tu Youyou, I’m writing to share with you what I know about her. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world have had a greatly increased chance of survival and now about 200 million malaria patients have benefited from it. I sincerely hope the information above can help you have a better understanding of Tu Youyou and traditional Chinese medicine. Yours, Su Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Sam写信介绍中国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家屠呦呦。 【详解】1.词汇积累 感兴趣：have a great interest in→be interested in 全世界：all over the world→around the world 高兴的：delighted→glad 因为：thanks to→because of 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 拓展句：Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of China to receive a Nobel Prize, who was awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 【点睛】[高分句型1] More than delighted to know that you have a great interest in traditional Chinese medicine and Tu Youyou, I’m writing to share with you what I know about her. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. (运用了过去分词作状语) 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$