3选择性必修第三册 作业(三) Unit 3 War and peace-2025年高二英语暑假作业（外研版）

作业(三)　Unit 3　War and peace Ⅰ.标记熟悉单词，回查陌生单词 □tank n. □recall v. □outstanding adj. □uniform n. □weapon n. □bomb v. □sum n. □grain n. □relevant adj. □landing n. □barely adv. □stability n. □rough adj. □emerge v. □invader n. □peer n. □breeze n. □crowning adj. □prominent adj. □commemorate v. □anniversary n. □blueprint n. Ⅱ.佳作品读 假定你是李华，请向你的外国朋友简单介绍一下中国人民为追求独立和解放进行的长达十四年的抗日战争及历史意义。 注意：1.80词左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [范文赏读] In 1931, Japan invaded China. In order to seek liberation, the Chinese people carried out the War of Resistance Against Japan for 14 years.Though backward in weapons, the Chinese army always had strong confidence in defeating the enemy equipped with aircraft, artillery and tanks(过去分词短语作后置定语). Faced with the enemy's violent bombing(过去分词短语作状语), the Chinese army and the people united as one and bravely killed the enemy.After paying a huge price, the Chinese people won the glorious victory of this war.The victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan laid the foundation for the victory of the World Anti­fascist War.No wonder someone says that the great victory of the Chinese people's war of resistance against Japan will be forever engraved in the history of human justice. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.The ________ (暴力的) scenes on TV shake people's belief in law and society, which makes them lack a sense of security. 2.Here are some moving stories of these ________ (杰出的) people in the battle against the epidemic. 3.This book offers techniques for how to ________ (解放) ourselves from fear and anxiety and present ourselves best in high­pressure situations. 4.The significance of ________ (纪念的) days goes far beyond celebrations. 5.Setting ________ (目标) allows you to shorten the distance between what you are and what you want to be. 6.Henderson ________ (回忆起) that he first met Pollard during a business trip to Washington. 7.Can you imagine all the ________ (令人惊恐的事) we have undergone since I last wrote you? 8.Sara sensed that there had been ________ (冲突) between her children. 9.The battle against the epidemic may be hard, but we're surely going to win, because we've got a powerful ________ (武器)：science. 10.These cars will depend on the speed and ________ (稳定性) of 5G to operate smoothly and safely. Ⅱ.短语填空 be made up of; free...from; have confidence in; nothing less than; prepare for; make it; come up with; in between; refer to...as; on standby 1.A soccer ball ________________ 32 leather panels. 2.A sandwich consists of two slices of bread with some other food ________________. 3.For some, the proposal has been ________________ an unwelcome challenge. 4.All the hardships at an early age helped me ________________ the imperfect world. 5.I can't believe we ________________， I thought for sure that we would miss the flight! 6.In an ideal world, we might be able to ________________ ourselves ________________ discrimination. 7.My mom is always able to ________________ some yummy snacks for me in the afternoon. 8.China has the capability to win the battle against the virus.I ________________ China! 9.Office workers in the UK who leave computers ________________ were costing 1.7 billion yuan a year in energy bills. 10.Hansjoerg Kunc, an animal behaviorist, ________________ human noise ________________ a “major global pollutant” in a statement. Ⅲ.完成句子 1.你在五月可以看到这种花。 ________________ you can see this kind of flower. 2.孩子们喜欢去农场玩是不足为怪的。 ________________ the children love to visit the farm. 3.被问到他为什么迟到时，他哭了。 ________________， he cried. 4.我们不仅应该身体健康，还要保持好的体形。 We should ________________， ________________. Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2024·广东深圳高二期中)My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled (削弱) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me. One day, I attended a presentation (报告) by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed (使惊叹) and inspired me, but also helped create an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre­presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one­on­one with him—an idea that had seemed impossible. This contact was where my story began. A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence. I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I've realized that my biggest obstacle (障碍) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can't. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action. 1.What was the main cause for Alice's anxiety? A.Her desire to be perfect. B.Her habit of consumption. C.Her inability to act her age. D.Her lack of inspiration. 2.How did Grant Brown's presentation influence Alice? A.She learned about the harm of desire. B.She tasted the sweetness of friendship. C.She decided to do something for nature. D.She built up her courage to speak up. 3.Which of the following is the best description of Alice's situation after the activities? A.Intelligent B.Independent C.Innovative D.Confident 4.What can we learn from this passage? A.Practice makes perfect. B.Patience is a cure of anxiety. C.Action is worry's worst enemy. D.Everything comes to those who wait. Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·广东惠州高二统考)The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, ___1__ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin(硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular ___2__ of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___3__ explosive. After years of ___4__， in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite(炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He___5__ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred's brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper ___6__ published Alfred's obituary(讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was ___7__ to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly ___8__ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___9__ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n)___10__. He spent his lifetime alone ___11__ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to ___12__ his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ___13__， saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14__ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel ___15__ 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 1.A.remembering B.honouring C.crediting D.preparing 2.A.nature B.conduct C.flavour D.benefit 3.A.deadly B.bitter C.usable D.mild 4.A.innovations B.efforts C.hesitation D.association 5.A.brought up B.put up C.broke up D.built up 6.A.mistakenly B.purposefully C.unintentionally D.scientifically 7.A.satisfied B.relieved C.impressed D.disappointed 8.A.praised B.blamed C.appreciated D.favoured 9.A.greedy B.essential C.rich D.sufficient 10.A.error B.warning C.threat D.consequence 11.A.destroying B.inventing C.combining D.stimulating 12.A.improve B.establish C.illustrate D.secure 13.A.request B.illustration C.will D.fortune 14.A.choices B.decisions C.profits D.contributions 15.A.gave away B.gave back C.gave off D.gave out 情感描写之“生气”和“愤怒” ★素材积累 形容词/副词 angry, annoyed, annoying, angrily 名词/动词 anger, annoyance, rage 固定 短语 ①tremble with anger 气得发抖 ②a burst of anger 一股怒火 ③flush with anger 气红了脸 ④get mad/cross at sb 生某人的气 ⑤to one's annoyance 令某人生气的是 ⑥in anger 愤怒地 ★语段写作 第一步　完成句子 1.汤姆最近的行为总让史密斯老师火冒三丈。 Tom's recent behaviour would always ___________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________.(名词) 2.史密斯老师发现他的作业又没做完，愤怒地大叫了一声，眼里闪着恼怒的光。 Finding his homework was unfinished again, ________________________________， ________________________________.(名词＋with复合结构) 3.史密斯老师的耐心被消磨光了，给汤姆的父亲打电话愤怒地抱怨。 Mr Smith, whose patience had worn thin, ________________________________.(副词) 4.当汤姆的父亲得知他的儿子表现如此差时，他无法控制自己的愤怒，转身怒视着汤姆：“你最好解释一下到底怎么回事！” Learning his son had been so badly­behaved, ______________________________________，“You'd better explain what's going on！”(形容词＋动作描写) 5.汤姆垂头不语，这使他皱起眉头，气得拉长了脸。 Tom hung his head and said nothing，________________________.He ________________________.(非限制性定语从句＋面部表情描写) 6.他无法控制自己的愤怒，气得冲出房间，摔门而去。 ________________________________________________________________________， he stormed out of the room, slamming the door furiously behind him.(形容词短语作状语) 第二步　将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 作业(三)　Unit 3　War and peace [能力提升] Ⅰ.1.violent　2.outstanding　3.liberate　4.memorial　5.objectives　6.recalled　7.horrors　8.friction　9.weapon 10.stability Ⅱ.1.is made up of　2.in between　3.nothing less than　4.prepare for　5.made it　6.free；from　7.come up with　8.have confidence in　9.on standby　10.referred to；as Ⅲ.1.It is in May that　2.It is no wonder that 3.Asked why he was late　4.not only be healthy；but also be in good shape [知能演练] Ⅰ.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。 1.A　细节理解题。由文章第一段“My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.(我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。)”可知，是要求完美导致了焦虑。故选A。 2.C　细节理解题。由文章第二段“One day, I attended a presentation (报告) by wildlife conservationist..., but also helped create an inner desire to make a difference in the world. (一天，我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者Grant Brown的演讲。他的演讲不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为。)”和文章第三段“Shortly after I received his invitation... and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. (在我收到他的邀请后不久，我的高中阶段就收到了加入‘Youth for Nature’和‘Youth for Plane’组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成为了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员)”可知，是Grant Brown让作者开始为从事保护自然地活动中。故选C。 3.D　细节理解题。由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications...Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)”可知，Alice 加入这些活动让她变得更自信了。故选D。 4.C　推理判断题。由第一段“My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled (削弱) my ability to do anything.(去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力。)”由文章第三段“I decided to commit...Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)”可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。由此推知，从文章中我们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选C。 Ⅱ.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。 1.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A.remembering记得；B.honouring尊敬、表彰；C.crediting相信；D.preparing准备。根据最后一段“In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last...physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用于表彰这些杰出的人们。故选B。 2.A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A.nature自然、性质；B.conduct行为、举动；C.flavour味道；D.benefit利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。 3.C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A.deadly致命的；B.bitter苦涩的；C.usable可用的；D.mild温和的。根据下文的“in 1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。 4.B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A.innovations创新；B.efforts努力；C.hesitation犹豫；D.association协会。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a __3__ explosive.”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。 5.D　考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A.brought up抚养长大；B.put up张贴、提供食宿；C.break up结束、关系破裂；D.built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。 6.A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A.mistakenly错误地；B.purposefully故意地；C.unintentionally无意地；D.scientifically科学地。根据上文“When Alfred's brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。 7.D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A.satisfied满意的；B.relieved宽慰的；C.impressed有印象的；D.disappointed失望的。通过下文“The newspaper strongly...kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.’”可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。 8.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说：“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A.praised表扬；B.blamed责备；C.appreciated欣赏、感激；D.favoured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of ‘the merchant of death’”可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。 9.C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说：“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A.greedy贪婪的；B.essential必要的；C.rich富裕的；D.sufficient充分的。根据上文“He __5__ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。 10.B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警示。A.error错误；B.warning警告；C.threat威胁；D.consequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone __11__ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警示，说明他的公众形象并不好。故选B。 11.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A.destroying破坏；B.inventing发明；C.combining结合；D.stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。 12.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A.improve提升；B.establish建立；C.illustrate说明；D.secure安全的。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alone __11__ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。 13.C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A.request请求；B.illustration说明、阐述；C.will遗嘱；D.fortune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth...physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。 14.D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A.choices选择；B.decisions决定；C.profits利润；D.contributions贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, __1__ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。 15.A　考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A.gave away赠送、背叛；B.gave back归还；C.gave off散发；D.gave out分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth...chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产。故选A。 [续写提能] 语段写作 第一步 1.make Mr. Smith burst into anger/burn with anger/explode with anger 2.Mr. Smith let out a cry of anger with his eyes shining with annoyance 3.called Tom's father to complain angrily 4.Tom's father felt so angry that he turned around and glared at Tom 5.which made him frown　pulled a long face in anger 6.Unable to contain his anger 第二步 Tom's recent behaviour would always make Mr. Smith burst into anger.Finding his homework was unfinished again, Mr. Smith let out a cry of anger, with his eyes shining with annoyance.Mr. Smith, whose patience had worn thin, called Tom's father to complain angrily.Learning his son had been so badly­behaved, Tom's father felt so angry that he turned around and glared at Tom，“You'd better explain what's going on！” However, Tom hung his head and said nothing, which made him frown.He pulled a long face in anger.Eventually, unable to contain his anger, he stormed out of the room, slamming the door furiously behind him. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$