专题05 说明文阅读（重庆专用）-【好题汇编】2025年中考英语二模试题分类汇编

专题04 说明文阅读 编者按：2025年重庆主城七龙珠、区县二模，收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2025年南开二模） In Anhui, China, an alley lies between two gray walls. It may not look different from other alleys. But to people who know its history, Liuchi Alley in Tongcheng means more than the alley itself. In the early Qing Dynasty, the alley was the dividing line between the Zhang family and the Wu family. Both families thought the other took more land and they were angry with each other. The Zhangs then wrote a letter to Zhang Ying, a top official in their family, hoping he would use his power to make the neighbor back off. After getting the letter, Zhang Ying thought for a long time. He did not use his power. Instead, he sent back a letter. There was only a poem in it: The Zhang family understood and moved their wall back three chi. Then the Wu family were moved and did the same. Later, a six-chi-wide alley appeared between the two families, and that was how the alley got such a name. Today, Liuchi Alley attracts thousands of tourists not only for its beauty but also for the Chinese virtue (美德) it symbolizes. 24．What did the Zhang and Wu families argue about? A．A business competition. B．Different family traditions. C．Land use. D．An old misunderstanding. 25．What did Zhang Ying do after receiving the letter? A．He used his power to support the Zhang family. B．He asked both families to step back. C．He suggested the Zhang family step back three chi. D．He was very angry with the Wu family. 26．How did the alley change in width? A．0 chi→3 chi→6 chi B．6 chi→3 chi→0 chi C．0 chi→6 chi→3 chi D．6 chi→0 chi→3 chi 27．Which of the following shows the same Chinese virtue as Liuchi Alley? A．Sima Guang broke the vat (缸) to save a boy. B．Kong Rong gave the bigger pears to his brothers. C．Yang Shi and You Zuo stood in the snow waiting for Master Cheng respectfully. D．Kuang Heng borrowed light from his next door neighbor to study. （二） （2025年一中二模） A wooden bridge has amazed over 42 million viewers online. It is built by Wang Dewen, famous as “Grandpa Amu.” He is regarded as a modern Lu Ban. While many admire his creative hands, what truly stands out is the traditional Chinese mortise and tenon skill he follows, making this bridge so special. The mortise and tenon skill is a smart and traditional wood-joining method with a history of over 7,000 years in China. It connects two wooden pieces by shaping one end into a tenon and cutting a matching hole called a mortise into the other piece. When the tenon is placed into the mortise, the pieces fit closely together. This amazing skill doesn’t require any metal part or glue but shows a strong and flexible (灵活的) connection. In fact, besides bridges, the skill is used in wooden buildings and furniture (家具) to help them stay fixed and balanced, even when temperature changes or earthquakes happen. The Palace Museum that uses millions of mortises and tenon connections is a famous example. Not only does this skill make strong buildings, but also shows the wisdom of traditional Chinese workers. Smart designs can be seen in every piece of work. All the wooden pieces must be cut with great patience and carefulness so that they can be locked into places perfectly, which also shows the deep thinking of traditional Chinese builders. They believe that humans should get along well with nature. So when building things, they choose to use wood, a natural material. This way, they can create what they need while still respecting nature. No wonder this skill is still used today. Although modern buildings often use concrete (混凝土) and steel, the mortise and tenon skill is still found in high-quality wooden furniture and the repair of historic buildings, reminding us how strong and lasting something can be when it is built with wisdom, patience and care. 28．What can we know about the wooden bridge? A．It is popular on the Internet. B．It uses a modern building skill. C．Metal parts are used to join its parts. D．It is a bridge in the Palace Museum. 29．What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A．Smart designs. B．Patience and carefulness. C．Wooden pieces. D．Traditional Chinese builders. 30．Why is the mortise and tenon skill still used today? A．Because it’s much cheaper than concrete and steel. B．Because it’s easy to learn and requires no special tools. C．Because it makes buildings stay strong in any disaster. D．Because it uses smart designs and natural materials. 31．What is the best title for this passage? A．Fitting Together, Lasting Forever B．Creative Man, Special Bridge C．Sharing Freely, Growing Slowly D．Locked Wood, Dying Wisdom （三） （2025年一中二模） ①The sun is very important—it gives us light, heat and life. So scientists began to ask: what if we could make a sun ourselves? Now a “man-made sun” is being built by using nuclear fusion (核聚变). ②How does a nuclear fusion work? Now imagine making a hot soup. First, scientists put two special kinds of hydrogen (氢气) to a big machine, just like putting the ingredients (原材料) into a big “pot”. Then, they heat it up to over 100 million ℃. At this point, the “soup” turns into something called plasma (等离子体). When the tiny parts in the plasma mix together, power is given out. This “cooking” process is called nuclear fusion—the same way our real sun produces power. ③Now scientists around the world are working hard to create a “man-made sun”. In France, a project called ITER brings together 35 countries. It aims to build the world’s largest fusion reactor (反应堆). In South Korea, its man-made sun KSTAR can hold plasma at 100 million ℃ for 48 seconds. ④In China, the EAST machine in Anhui Province has already made great achievements. In 2023, it kept plasma-at-120 million ℃ for 403 seconds. In 2025, it held 100 million ℃ for 1,066 seconds, setting a new world record and marking a closer exploration. ⑤But building a man-made sun still faces many difficulties. China’s EAST has already cost over 3 billion yuan. Besides, it needs special materials to control the heat safely. Also, it is very hard to keep the plasma hot and stable (稳定), which is the biggest challenge for scientists. ⑥Fusion technology requires very strict rules to prevent accidents. Will there be radiation (辐射)? What will happen if the plasma runs out? Are there any scientific steps to protect workers’ safety? Those questions are like stones on the road, making the journey of fusion harder to move forward smoothly. ⑦So, why keep going? Many power factories have been burning oil, which pollutes the air and harms the Earth. ________ It uses seawater as fuel (燃料) which is clean. It is almost CO2 free, making the air less polluted and slowing climate change. ⑧If successful, with only a little seawater, we can make plenty of cheap and long-lasting power that could offer electricity to homes, schools, and cities day and night. This is especially useful for big cities like Shanghai and New York. It may change the way we live and light our way to a greener future. 32．Why does the writer mention “make a hot soup” in Paragraph 2? A．To show cooking and science are the same. B．To discuss how to make a delicious hot soup. C．To introduce the history of nuclear fusion. D．To make the nuclear fusion easier to understand. 33．What can we learn from the passage? A．France has already built the largest fusion reactor in the world. B．The EAST can keep plasma longer than the other projects. C．The biggest challenge for fusion is the high cost of materials. D．The rules are strict enough to make sure of workers’ safety. 34．Which sentence can be put in ________? A．However, fusion is quite different. B．However, oil is easy to get. C．So scientists are trying to look for cleaner fuel. D．So factories should be stopped from burning oil. 35．What is the best structure for the passage? A． B． C． D． （四） （2025年南开二模） ①Recently, Liu Qiangdong, who set up JD (Jingdong), caught public attention by personally delivering food in Beijing, wearing the company’s uniform. This shows JD．com has entered the food delivery market. It makes a big difference to this industry. ②JD offers more protection to its riders. Full-time riders will get full social insurance, and part-time workers will receive commercial (商业的) insurance. If an accident happens to a rider while working, the insurance will pay hospital bills. When riders lose the ability to work, the insurance can help them afford their basic life. This might push the whole industry to treat riders better. ③JD also works with stores that have high food safety standards and good customer reviews. This makes JD different from Meituan, which works with many more stores but is less strict. To attract more users, JD offers big sale like “15 yuan off 30 yuan” coupons which means you can save 15 yuan if you spend 30 yuan. Data shows JD reached 5 million daily orders in just 40 days after starting. ④To compete directly with JD, Meituan quickly fought back by expanding its “30-Minute Delivery” service to fresh food and electronics. Meanwhile, Alibaba’s Ele.me, another top company in this field, stayed silent, making people expect its plans in this three-way race. ⑤Though customers may enjoy low prices and fast delivery, experts pointed out the possible risks to these companies. To start with, JD’s promises of a basic income for riders might keep workers but could raise costs for the industry. With costs rising, experts doubt whether JD’s other policies can last long. Meanwhile, having more orders doesn’t mean making more money. Meituan’s delivery income has fallen to only 2.8%. ⑥Anyway, the new competition shows China’s efforts to balance market growth, worker rights, and new ideas. Whether JD keeps growing or Meituan stays on top, the real winners now are workers and customers. 32．What does JD do to attract customers according to the text? A．It offers insurance to all workers. B．It works with stores that have strict food safety standards. C．It sells fresh food and electronics at the lowest price online. D．It promises 30-minute delivery for all orders. 33．What can we infer from the passage? A．Ele.me will take action in the near future. B．Meituan will stay on top of the industry. C．The food delivery industry may be better and better. D．More orders mean making more money for these companies. 34．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Low Price: JD vs Meituan B．New Policy: Insurance for Delivery Riders C．New Competition: China’s Food Delivery Race D．Food Delivery Service: Safe Food and Low Price 35．Which of the following shows the correct structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． （五） （2025年八中强化三） Read the following paintings by Vincent van Gogh: Cafe Terrace at Night, Starry Night Over the Rhone, and The Starry Night. What do these paintings all have in common? They all have stars. Starry backdrops (星空背景) at night are one of Van Gogh’s main painting styles. For Van Gogh, nighttime was a special, almost magical time. Working outdoors at night helped him enter the world of spirits and dreams that inspired his imagination. He painted his first starry scene, Cafe Terrace at Night, on a street in Arles, France. Soon after Cafe Terrace at Night, Van Gogh made another painting called Starry Night Over the Rhone. In the picture, the sky is full of stars, and gas lamps from Arles reflect off the river. Showing the color and light of the nighttime world was deeply important to van Gogh. He worked outside by the light of the stars and Arles, where he was able to study the scene carefully to catch its light. The Starry Night was made several months later, not from observation (观察) but from memory. Some believe The Starry Night was a reflection of Van Gogh’s mental situation at that time. He had a mental problem and went to live in a hospital. Through his work, Van Gogh tried to express the mystery and strangeness he noticed around him. Viewing it, you may fall into a world of dreams with the unsteady (不稳定的) lines and forceful colors. These paintings are what Van Gogh is best known for today. Although he died more than a century ago, his starry paintings live on, like stars, and make everyone who sees them happy. 24．Why was nighttime special for van Gogh at first? A．Because he could get much inspiration. B．Because stars could be seen every night. C．Because the temperature at night was low. D．Because the streets in the evening were quiet. 25．How did Van Gogh create the painting Starry Night Over the Rhone? A．By comparing the Rhone with other famous rivers. B．By working outside under the light of stars and Arles. C．By spending the whole night sitting in a boat on Rhone. D．By choosing the same colors used in his first drawing. 26．What makes The Starry Night seem like a world of dreams? A．Van Gogh’s observation in a hospital. B．Van Gogh’s experience in a hospital. C．The mystery and strangeness Van Gogh noticed. D．Unsteady lines and forceful colors Van Gogh used. 27．How can we understand the last sentence in the last paragraph? A．Van Gogh’s starry paintings explain the mysteries of art rather than simply bring joy. B．Van Gogh’s starry paintings are mainly famous for historical value rather than joy they bring. C．Van Gogh’s starry paintings keep bringing happiness and have a lasting influence nowadays. D．Van Gogh’s starry paintings quickly catch people’s eyes but soon appear from memory. （六） （2025年十八中5月月考） ①Some people can manage any journey with no guide but their “pigeon (鸽子) sense”. How do they do it? And can this ability be learned? In fact, the latest science research suggests that there are plenty of ways for common people to improve their sense of direction. ②People’s sense of direction is influenced by many different factors. Childhood environment shapes people’s comfort and confidence in finding ways. Allowing kids to have the chance to move independently around different places is very important. “Experiments suggest that passive (被动的) movement is not that good because you don’t usually pay attention,” says Nora, a psychological scientist. People who grew up outside cities, or in very large cities, also appear to have better senses of direction when they become adults. “We have found that even as adults, people who move around their environment more widely have better senses of direction,” says Nora. ③In many ancient societies, girls and women had fewer chances to go out to find directions while men went hunting in the rainforest. So women are more likely to consider that they are born with a worse sense of direction although studies show that gender (性别) differences don’t influence their performance in finding ways. ④ ▲ “One is that you think you cannot improve the sense of direction,” Nora says. While adults’ brains are different from children’s in some ways, adults can still learn to do that. Nora is also worried because people think that the sense of direction is of no use in time of GPS. “But what if phone batteries die or systems make mistakes, like driving into water on the advice of their GPS?” Nora pointed out. ⑤In fact, people can train their sense of direction by better noticing environmental cues. “People can pay attention to things around them, like the wind, the sun or even a tree, whether they’re in the city or the countryside.” Nora says. “It is difficult to provide common ways to improve the senses of direction because of people’s cultural differences. But in general, the more you move, especially in ways that are kind of challenging, the better senses of direction you’ll develop,” Nora says. ⑥Besides, getting a proper amount of sleep may help too. One global study found that for people aged 54 and older, sleeping seven hours a night leads to the best performance in a way-finding game. ⑦So although not everyone is born with “pigeon sense”, the good news is that they—and you—can continue to develop the skill over a lifetime. 29．Which of the following in the dictionary can best explain the underlined word “cues” in Paragraph 5? cue n. cues           v. cuing cued cued ①a signal (信号) that helps to solve a problem ②a few words or an action that gives you an idea about something ③a long wooden stick used for hitting the ball in some games ④to give sb. a signal so they know when to start doing sth. A．① B．② C．③ D． 30．Which sentence can be put in ▲ ? A．People have discovered some useful facts of senses of direction. B．People have many misunderstandings about the sense of direction. C．People haven’t worked out some mysteries of the sense of direction. D．People have thought of some ways to develop the sense of direction. 31．What can we infer from the passage? A．Women have a worse sense of direction than men. B．Adults can still improve their sense of direction. C．Active movement can lead to a better sense of direction. D．The sense of direction influences one’s sleep amount. 32．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (①-Paragraph 1②-Paragraph 2…) A． B． C． D． （七） （2025年八中强化四） ①“Look in my eyes! Tell me why!” Have you found yourself listening to “ancient people” online recently? ②Creative vloggers (视频博主) are using AI technology to bring famous people from history like Tang Dynasty poets Li Bai and Du Fu “back to life”. In these videos, these well known ancient people speak in modern language, offering a fresh and interesting way for us to get to know them. ③In one video, Du Fu talks about his experience during the An-Shi Rebellion (755-763). In another, Ming Dynasty medical expert Li Shizhen makes fun of modern lifestyles, like trying to be healthy by drinking goji berry (枸杞) water but still staying up late. ④As you watch these videos, you can’t help but start to think—what do others think of these creative ways of making ancient people come alive? ⑤“The videos make me want to learn more about important ancient people, such as Wen Zhengming and Tang Bohu. I didn’t know much about their stories before,” said Wang Jiayi, 15, from Shandong. ⑥______. The way these ancient people speak, in high tones and always asking questions, annoys (使恼怒) some people. “They’ re too pushy, which is different from how they really were,” explained 14-year-old Wang Shuotong from Jiangsu. ⑦Xia Boen,14, from Hubei, felt the same. But he was surprised to find that he “remembered almost everything they said about their experiences and achievements” thanks to the speaking style in the videos. ⑧These videos use a more modern way to let ancient people “speak for themselves”. However, “We should be careful with these videos, making sure they are not sharing false information.” noted Nanfang Daily. 52．The writer starts the passage by ______. A．asking a question B．telling a story C．making a comparison D．giving an example 53．Which sentence can be put in the ______? A．Everyone likes these creative videos B．Instead, some people felt disappointed C．This new style isn’t for everyone, however D．This is how ancient people actually talked 54．What is the best title for this passage? A．Ancient Poets Become Modern Stars B．AI Brings Ancient People to Life C．New Technology Changes History Learning D．AI Gives Wrong Ideas about Ancient Poets 55．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． （八） （2025年八中强化四） For many years, scientists thought lightning would always destroy (摧毁) trees. When lightning hit trees, most died or got badly hurt. But now, researchers found something surprising in forests. There’s a special type of tree that doesn’t just survive lightning—it actually uses lightning to help it grow better than other trees nearby. In 2015, Researcher Evan Gora made an important discovery when he saw something strange in Panama’s rainforest. A Dipteryx tree had been hit by lightning, but it was hardly hurt. However, all the other trees around it were completely destroyed. This made scientists wonder: “Could lightning actually benefit this type of tree?” Scientists tested this idea by studying 100 trees hit by lightning in a Panamanian forest for several years. They discovered something amazing: All 10 Dipteryx trees survived with little harm, but 60% of other types (种类) of trees died in two years. Lightning destroyed about 78% of vines (藤蔓) on Dipteryx trees. Each time lightning hit, it killed an average of 9.2 competing tree nearby. This helped Dipteryx trees get more sunlight and nutrients (营养物) from the soil. Further research found that Dipteryx trees have some smart survival tricks. These trees can grow over 30 meters tall—much higher than other trees around them. Their wide, flat tops making them 68% more likely to be hit by lightning than other trees. Over their 300-year life, a Dipteryx tree might get hit by lightning six or more times—but it usually survives. “Being hit by lightning is actually good for them,” said scientist Gora in a new study. This finding surprises experts because it shows some plants actually benefit from natural disasters like lightning. Now, researchers are trying to find other trees that can also use lightning to help themselves grow well, which could probably rewrite our understanding of forest ecosystems (生态系统) . 56．Which bar chart (柱状图) is TRUE according to Paragraph 3? Survival Numbers of Trees in Two Years （100 trees in total） A. B． C． D． ■ Dipteryx Trees    ※ Other Types of Treees 57．How does lightning help Dipteryx trees grow better? A．By creating loud and special sounds B．By scaring away animals that eat their leaves. C．By providing special nutrients through the rain. D．By killing competing trees and vines around them. 58．What can we infer from the passage? A．Dipteryx trees have some smart survival tricks. B．Lightning helps small plants grow under Dipteryx trees. C．Lightning can’t be helpful with the wide and flat tree tops. D．Lightning may help Dipteryx trees reduce competition. 59．What will the writer probably discuss after the last paragraph? A．Other trees might also benefit from lightning. B．Ecosystems can’t survive without lightning. C．Other natural disasters help trees grow well. D．Lightning also creates better conditions for animals （九） （2025年八中强化三） In 1903, the Wright brothers’ historic flight opened the door to human aviation (航天). Since then, over the past century, human has been always reaching new heights in researching the skies. Today, a new chapter is unfolding in the skies—one led by drones that are changing how we live, work, and connect. As part of the “low-altitude economy” (低空经济), these flying machines have become a sign of technological progress, fitting smoothly into both city and country life. Take the Badaling Great Wall in Beijing as an example, where drones have turned a 50-minute hike for food and water into a three-minute convenience. Travelers now order on the phone, and electric drones deliver (递送) snacks and drinks, even collecting garbage on their return trips. Besides, in cities like Shenzhen, known as the “City of Drones,” technology goes further. In 2024, electric “air cars” that can take off and land upright started flying there. They don’t need long runways, showing how technology can become part of daily life. Drones are also changing farming. In Guangxi, over 250,000 drones help protect plants. They watch over crops, spray pesticides (杀虫剂), and find pests, working quickly across large fields. This technology has cut labor costs by 40% compared to traditional methods, allowing farmers to manage more land with less effort. During harvest seasons, drones even help watch over fruit growth, guiding farmers to pick at the best time for better quality and higher yields (产量). With such new technology, there are things to think about. As more drones fly, questions about safety, airspace rules, and personal information might come up. How can we make sure these machines fly safely with other planes? How do we balance space of use with protecting people’s space? Even if high-tech GPS helps drones fly in a right way, rules must be developed to help use them without risks. From delivering snacks on the Great Wall to helping farms and cities, Chinese drones have gone from a new thing to a need. They show how creation can shorten the gap—between old and new, city and country. As we step into this low-altitude revolution (变革), one thing is clear: The tomorrow is not just about flying higher, but about flying smarter. 32．How does the writer start the passage? A．By describing a future plan. B．By talking about a historic event. C．By raising a recent problem. D．By showing the changes of technology. 33．What can we infer about the use of drones? A．The “air cars” in Shenzhen will replace traditional cars in the future. B．Farmers now need more workers to control drones in the fields. C．Farmers can use drones to watch fruit growth and pick fruits directly. D．Proper rules are the key to making drones more helpful. 34．Which “gap” below has the same meaning as the “gap” in the last paragraph? A．The gap year before college helps students relax. B．There’s a gap in the wall—we can climb through it. C．The culture gap often makes it hard to talk to foreigners. D．The gap between the two buildings is used for a garden. 35．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． （十） （2025年育才二模） Many users from the US joined Xiaohongshu in January, and Chinese users jokingly asked them to pay a “cat tax (猫税)” by sharing a photo of their cats. In return, Chinese users would send the pictures of their own cats. After looking at hundreds of cat photos, some people noticed something interesting: The cats posted by Chinese users were rounder than those shared by American users. But why? According to the website Furrbby, one key reason is the living environment. In China, many families live in high-rise apartments. To keep their cats safe, owners usually keep them inside the house. However, many American homes have larger living spaces and backyards, so cats can climb and play here and there. Cultural differences may also play a role, reported Inf News. In Chinese culture, roundness means unity (团结) and perfection, while Americans value an adventurous spirit. So they encourage their pets to run around and stay active. Family influence is another reason. “My parents always show their love by making delicious food for me, so I treat my cat the same way,” explained a Chinese user from Heilongjiang. The difference in cat body shapes between China and the US shows cultural differences between the two countries. Whether they are a fit American cat or a round Chinese cat, as long as they are healthy, that's what matters most. 28．Where can the underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 “in return” be put? A．When we smile to others, we get a smile ___________. B．Helen didn't order coffee today. ___________, she drank some tea. C．We need to keep hope alive, ___________we are in a difficult time. D．Everything is possible___________ we work hard enough. 29．Where do Chinese keep cats according to website Furrbby? A．In the house. B．In the backyard. C．In the park. D．In the box. 30．According to the article, what are the reasons for different shapes of cats? ①photo-taking skill    ②living environment    ③cultural difference    ④family influence A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 31．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain cultural differences in raising cats between the US and China. B．To encourage people in different countries to keep more cats. C．To compare the different body shapes of cats in the US and China. D．To show different living environment for cats in the US and China. （十一） （2025年一外二模） ①Imagine being able to talk to your future self and get to know what your life might be like years from now. A new online chat platform (平台) called Future You has made this possible. ②Future You was created by scientists from different research centers. Using AI, the program begins by asking users questions about their personalities, present lives and future plans. It then uses this information as “memories” to create a simulation (模拟) of the user at the age of 60. This allows users to ask questions and get advice for the future from “themselves”. ③The platform can also produce a photo for each user, showing how they might look at age 60. “It makes the simulation like real. Future You provides much more information than what a person could come up with by just imagining their future selves,” said Pattie Maes, a scientist who worked on the program. ④According to the platform’s website, Future You is designed to “help users develop more long-term (长期的) thinking” by improving their “future self-continuity” (未来自我连续性). This phrase describes how connected a person feels to his or her future self. The stronger the connection, the more likely a person is to make decisions that benefit his whole life, in areas such as money, education, or health. ⑤The scientists tested Future You on 344 volunteers. Those who communicated with Future You for 10 to 30 minutes felt less worried and had more confidence about the uncertain nature of the future compared to those who chatted with a general AI or only did surveys. ⑥However, Future You isn’t perfect. “It is not clear whether communicating with our future self will really influence our behaviors,” said Ivo Vlaev, a professor from the UK’s University of Warwick. Besides, the AI program can only offer a look into one possible future instead of making different predictions. “It’s all a hypothesis.” said an article. It may not happen. We shouldn’t take Future You’s words as completely true. 32．What can the online chat platform Future You do? A．Change your way of communication. B．Create a better relationship with friends. C．Tell you exactly what will happen to you. D．Help you have a talk with your future self. 33．Why does the writer mention the test in Paragraph 5? A．To show us the advantages of Future You. B．To tell us how powerful a general AI can be. C．To explain to us what the 344 volunteers did. D．To teach us the way to chat with Future You. 34．What does the underlined word hypothesis in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Guess. B．Lie. C．Fact. D．Solution. 35．What may be the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． （十二） （2025年一外二模） In Chinese culture, the snake is an important symbol, and its meaning has changed over time. In the old book Classic of Mountains and Seas, many gods are shown holding snakes, hanging them around their ears, or having the body of a snake as a mark of their unusual abilities. ① Han Ding, a teacher at Henan University, says that snakes are often found in holes underground where dead people are buried, so they are often believed to be connected with the dead. Some old pictures of the Shang Dynasty were discovered in Zhengzhou a few years ago. They showed a human head within the mouths of snakes. People believed that by putting a human head within the mouths of snakes, they were able to communicate with their family members who died. ② From the Shang Dynasty, people believed the universe was hierarchical (按等级划分的), with gods above in heaven (天界), humans on earth and dead people below in the underworld. ③ In the Han Dynasty, snakes often appeared in pictures of Xuanwu, a special animal that is part snake and part turtle (龟). In later dynasties, snakes appeared less often in cultural pictures but remained one of the 12 animals in the Chinese zodiac (生肖). ④ Having lived on earth for more than 100 million years, the snake has always been part of Chinese culture and life. “Long ago, snakes served as bridges between humans and gods and finally became a zodiac symbol. The cultural meanings of snakes have grown richer.” said Wang Fang, the director of Jinsha Museum in Chengdu. 24．What does the underlined word “their” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Dead people’s. B．Family members’. C．The snakes’. D．Many gods’. 25．Which place can the following sentence be put into? They thought snakes could move between these places and regarded them as a bridge between the gods, the living, and the dead. A． ① B． ② C． ③ D． ④ 26．According to Paragraph 5, which picture might be Xuanwu? A． B． C． D． 27．What’s the best title of this text? A．Meaningful Animals in Chinese Culture. B．Old Pictures of Snakes in Chinese History. C．Snake: Changes of Its Meaning in Chinese Culture. D．Snake: An Animal from Classic of Mountains and Seas. （十三） （2025年西附二模） ①Life is full of unexpected moments that can surprise us. When facing unexpected situations, we often find ourselves at a crossroads: to react or to respond. While these two words may seem similar, they are actually different ways to deal with challenges. Understanding the difference can help us make better choices in difficult situations. ②Reacting is our natural response. It’s immediate and emotional. When we react, we want to follow a simple pattern: something happens, we feel anxious, and then we continue without much thought. So some regrettable decisions are always made because it doesn’t allow time for proper consideration. ③Responding, on the other hand, is a more thoughtful process. Before we take actions to do with the event, it helps to create more space. This space allows us to observe our emotions, understand the situation clearly, and make thoughtful choices. The responding process can be broken down into four steps: pause, process, plan, and proceed. ④Research from UCLA has shown that simply naming our emotions—a technique called Affect Labeling (or Emotion Labeling) that is the practice of identifying and naming our emotional state, such as saying “I feel anxious” or “I’m disappointed right now”. It can greatly reduce stress levels. By doing this, we create mental distance from our emotions, making it easier to respond wisely. ⑤ ▲ You might make mistakes in your work, or you just forgot your homework at home or had an argument with a friend. Instead of reacting right away—like yelling (吼叫), crying, or doing something you’ll regret, try these following four steps: First, stop and take three deep breaths. Second, say to yourself how you’re feeling. Third, think about what choices you have. Fourth, choose the best action and do it. ⑥Just as life’s unexpected moments test us at every crossroads, the choice between reacting and responding greatly shapes our journey. By practicing the art of thoughtful response again and again, we change those surprising challenges into chances for growth. Two ways of thinking seem similar at first, but one gives you a lasting superpower: when things get unknown, you stay calm and choose wisely. 32．What is the key difference between “reacting” and “responding”? A．Reacting is planned, while responding is natural. B．Reacting needs help from others, while responding doesn’t. C．Reacting is for big problems, while responding is for small problems. D．Reacting is quick and emotional, while responding is calm and thoughtful. 33．Why does the author mention “Affect Labeling” in Paragraph 4? A．To argue emotions should be ignored. B．To suggest only experts should use it. C．To show how naming emotions reduces stress. D．To announce it as an ineffective emotional tool. 34．Which sentence can be put in the “ ▲ ”? A．These steps are too difficult for most people to follow. B．This way of responding works for all kinds of problems. C．When facing major life challenges, these steps won’t help. D．Experts suggest reacting immediately to solve problems. 35．What is the best title and structure of the passage? A．Responding wisely B．Reacting quickly C．Responding wisely D．Reacting quickly （十四） （2025年杨家坪中学二模） ① Artificial intelligence (AI) is a kind of technology. It helps computers think, learn and create in a way similar to humans. In the past years, many new AI apps and tools have been developed. ②Dou bao and Deep Seek are two examples of AI chatbots (聊天机器人). You can talk with them. You can ask them about a subject that you’re studying at school, or a part of history that you’re interested in, or tips for good places to visit on holiday. ③Teachers can use these apps to make lesson plans for class, but they have other uses too, like making people more creative. For example, AI can help make up characters and write stories. ④ There are also “text-to-image” AIs, like DALL-E and Mid journey. They can create pictures for you according to your ideas. For example, you can ask them to make a photo or a space dog eating cheese and having a picnic on the Moon, or a picture of the Mona Lisa as a Po kemon (宠物小精灵), or a crayon (蜡笔) drawing of a goat playing football. ⑤“Text-to-music”AIs like Splash Pro and Stable Audio work in a similar way. They can turn your ideas into music. You can ask the AI to make a fast pop song tot your gaming video, or a slow and relaxing song to help you focus on (专注) homework. ⑥Creative AI technology is developing very quickly, but there are some concerns. Some writers, artists and musicians are worried that these AIs are being “trained” using their work without their permission (许可). ⑦There are also fears that AI could be used for bad reasons, like spreading false (虚假) information or making songs that seem to be by famous musicians. ⑧One thing that’s important to know is that these AI tools are not designed (设计) for young people to use alone. If you want to use them, make sure you do it with an adult. 32．Which of the following are examples of AI apps mentioned in the passage? A．Doubao, Splash Pro, Po kemon B．Deep Seek, Mid journey, Mona Lisa C．DALL-E, Stable Audio, Deep Seek D．Chat GPT, Stable Audio, Doubao 33．What does the underlined word they refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Teachers B．Lesson plans C．AI chatbots D．Mid journey and DALL-E 34．What is the main idea of this passage. A．Different kinds of AI chatbots. B．How to use AI apps in life. C．AI and young people. D．AI and worries of AI. 35．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． （十五） （2025年巴蜀二模） On March 27th, 2025, China’s health and market agencies brought out new food safety rules. The main goal is to help people choose healthier and safer foods. One big change is that words like “no added” or “zero added” will disappear from food package labels (标识). Companies used these words to sell their products, but they could trick consumers (消费者). For example, a “no added sugar” juice might still have a lot of natural fruit sugars. This makes consumers think it has no sugar at all. Also, some products changed one sweetener for another, making buyers misunderstand. The new rules want to make labels easier to understand and more honest. Now, consumers are told to look carefully at the ingredient list instead of being fooled by nice-sounding marketing words. What’s more, common allergens (过敏原) like nuts, eggs, or milk must be clearly shown on labels, either in bold (黑体) letters or underlined. Another important change is the use of digital (数码的) labels. By just scanning the QR code (二维码) on the package, consumers can get a lot of information. They can find out where the ingredients come from, how to store the food, and even watch teaching videos. Food expiration (过期) dates will be made simpler, too. Instead of finding out how long a product can last from the production date, labels will now show the “use by” date directly. To stop food waste, some products may also have a “best before” date. Companies have two years to change their packaging and use up the old products. These rules not only protect consumers but also make producers focus on really improving the quality. Without doubt, they show China’s promise to be open in food production and care about public health. 28．Which of the following is NOT allowed on food packaging labels according to the passage? A．QR codes linking to ingredient sources. B．Words like “no sugar” or “zero added”. C．Clear expiration dates labeled as “use by”. D．Allergens underlined in bold letters 29．What does the underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refer to (指代)? A．The new food safety rules. B．The digital labels with QR codes. C．The companies selling products. D．The food expiration dates. 30．What can we infer about food companies in the future? A．They must reduce the use of natural fruit sugars. B．They can’t trick customers with labels any more. C．They will no longer use any kind of sweeteners. D．They have 2 years to sell out their old products. 31．What is the best title for the passage? A．New Technology in China’s Food Packaging B．Fighting Food Waste with Better Dates C．Clearer Allergen Warnings on Food Labels D．China’s New Food Labels for Safer Eating （十六） （2025年巴蜀二模） ①In nature, the life cycle of a butterfly teaches us important lessons. In Chinese culture, butterflies mean happiness, long life, and change. Its short but amazing life shows us that even short lives can be beautiful and meaningful. ②Just like a butterfly starts as an egg full of possibilities, we all start with dreams. The Chinese idea “original heart” tells us to remember our first dreams—never forget why we started. The egg teaches us that great things start with small steps. ③Next, the caterpillar (毛毛虫) works very hard. It eats, grows, and keeps shedding (蜕) its old skin—just like how we study hard and face challenges. In Chinese culture, the spirit of “enduring hardship” helps us grow. The caterpillar shows that growth takes patience and courage to face difficulties, and every effort counts even when progress is slow. ④Later, the caterpillar hides in a shell called a pupa (蛹). Inside the pupa, the caterpillar slowly turns into a butterfly. Though it looks like nothing is happening, big changes are inside! This reflects the Chinese value of “quiet reflection”—taking time to rethink and grow. Sometimes, resting isn’t failing. It’s a chance to become stronger. We should trust the process even if we can’t see results. ⑤When the butterfly finally breaks free from its pupa, it flies bravely with beautiful wings, just like the Chinese idea of “being free and joyful”. Its wings leave a secret message in the air: true happiness is not about the length of our days, but by the depth with which we enjoy each moment. ⑥The butterfly’s journey shows us the power of change. Let its journey inspire us to face challenges, grow through hard times and become stronger. The value of our life isn’t about how long we fly, but how we make the world brighter—like a butterfly coloring the sky in its short life. 32．How does the wirter connect the butterfly’s life cycle with life lessons? A．By telling stories. B．By making comparisons. C．By showing arguments. D．By offering descriptions. 33．Which stage in the life cycle of a butterfly shows the Chinese value of “quiet reflection”? A．Stage 1. B．Stage 2. C．Stage 3. D．Stage 4. 34．Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 35．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To describe butterfly life cycle. B．To compare different life cycles. C．To inspire readers to live fully. D．To explain Chinese values. （十七） （2025年育才二模） ①The word microbe is made from two words. “Micro” means small and “bios” means life. Microbes, small lives, live in us and all around us. But they are too small for people to see. The police regard them as the “silent helper”. They ”see” crime (犯罪) in special ways and play a key role in helping the police finding out the truth. ②One familiar type of microbe is bacteria (细菌). Just think about your finger. On a small part, one square centimeter, of it live 10,000 to one million different bacteria! Every time we touch the table, we leave behind microbes. The police collect bacteria and other microbes from lots of things. They then examine the DNA in these things. By comparing the DNA, they can find out whether or not the person is connected to the crime. ③Microbes can help find out when a person died. When someone is dying, their immune system (免疫系统) stops working slowly and their body becomes cooler. These changes make the microbes in the body act in new ways. After death, the immune systems shut down completely. The microbes inside the body begin to grow and move everywhere. They join with microbes from outside and together they break down the body. These small living things grow, move and change in special ways. Police can study these changes to know when the person died. ④ ▲ . For example, if there is plankton-very small animals and plants that live in water—in someone’s blood, it’s likely that the person died by drowning (溺死). ⑤These are the reasons why microbes are gaining more attention in crime-solving. These tiny helper can provide key information that help the police uncover the truth. 32．What does it refer to in Paragraph 2? A．The finger. B．The table. C．The body. D．The police. 33．Which sentence can be put in the “ ▲ ”? A．Microbes can help tell how the body grows. B．Microbes can help tell the temperature of the body. C．Microbes can help tell the reason of a person’s death. D．Microbes can help tell where a person died. 34．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Small Life B．The Silent Helper C．The Clever Police D．The Magic DNA 35．Which may be the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 说明文阅读 编者按：2025年重庆主城七龙珠、区县二模，收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2025年南开二模） In Anhui, China, an alley lies between two gray walls. It may not look different from other alleys. But to people who know its history, Liuchi Alley in Tongcheng means more than the alley itself. In the early Qing Dynasty, the alley was the dividing line between the Zhang family and the Wu family. Both families thought the other took more land and they were angry with each other. The Zhangs then wrote a letter to Zhang Ying, a top official in their family, hoping he would use his power to make the neighbor back off. After getting the letter, Zhang Ying thought for a long time. He did not use his power. Instead, he sent back a letter. There was only a poem in it: The Zhang family understood and moved their wall back three chi. Then the Wu family were moved and did the same. Later, a six-chi-wide alley appeared between the two families, and that was how the alley got such a name. Today, Liuchi Alley attracts thousands of tourists not only for its beauty but also for the Chinese virtue (美德) it symbolizes. 24．What did the Zhang and Wu families argue about? A．A business competition. B．Different family traditions. C．Land use. D．An old misunderstanding. 25．What did Zhang Ying do after receiving the letter? A．He used his power to support the Zhang family. B．He asked both families to step back. C．He suggested the Zhang family step back three chi. D．He was very angry with the Wu family. 26．How did the alley change in width? A．0 chi→3 chi→6 chi B．6 chi→3 chi→0 chi C．0 chi→6 chi→3 chi D．6 chi→0 chi→3 chi 27．Which of the following shows the same Chinese virtue as Liuchi Alley? A．Sima Guang broke the vat (缸) to save a boy. B．Kong Rong gave the bigger pears to his brothers. C．Yang Shi and You Zuo stood in the snow waiting for Master Cheng respectfully. D．Kuang Heng borrowed light from his next door neighbor to study. 【答案】24．C 25．C 26．A 27．B 【导语】本文讲述了通过双方各退一步的智慧，化解了邻里矛盾，创造了“六尺巷”这一流传至今的文化符号。 24．细节理解题。根据“Both families thought the other took more land and they were angry with each other.”可知，张吴两家的争论焦点是土地占用问题。故选C。 25．细节理解题。根据“He did not use his power. Instead, he sent back a letter… The Zhang family understood and moved their wall back three chi.”可知，他并未滥用权力，而是通过诗句让张家主动退让三尺。故选C。 26．细节理解题。根据“The Zhang family… moved their wall back three chi. Then the Wu family… did the same. Later, a six-chi-wide alley appeared…”可知，巷子宽度变化为：0尺→3尺（张家退让）→6尺（吴家也退让）。故选A。 27．推理判断题。六尺巷故事体现的美德是“谦让”。B选项“孔融让梨”同样展现了谦让精神，与主题一致。故选B。 （二） （2025年一中二模） A wooden bridge has amazed over 42 million viewers online. It is built by Wang Dewen, famous as “Grandpa Amu.” He is regarded as a modern Lu Ban. While many admire his creative hands, what truly stands out is the traditional Chinese mortise and tenon skill he follows, making this bridge so special. The mortise and tenon skill is a smart and traditional wood-joining method with a history of over 7,000 years in China. It connects two wooden pieces by shaping one end into a tenon and cutting a matching hole called a mortise into the other piece. When the tenon is placed into the mortise, the pieces fit closely together. This amazing skill doesn’t require any metal part or glue but shows a strong and flexible (灵活的) connection. In fact, besides bridges, the skill is used in wooden buildings and furniture (家具) to help them stay fixed and balanced, even when temperature changes or earthquakes happen. The Palace Museum that uses millions of mortises and tenon connections is a famous example. Not only does this skill make strong buildings, but also shows the wisdom of traditional Chinese workers. Smart designs can be seen in every piece of work. All the wooden pieces must be cut with great patience and carefulness so that they can be locked into places perfectly, which also shows the deep thinking of traditional Chinese builders. They believe that humans should get along well with nature. So when building things, they choose to use wood, a natural material. This way, they can create what they need while still respecting nature. No wonder this skill is still used today. Although modern buildings often use concrete (混凝土) and steel, the mortise and tenon skill is still found in high-quality wooden furniture and the repair of historic buildings, reminding us how strong and lasting something can be when it is built with wisdom, patience and care. 28．What can we know about the wooden bridge? A．It is popular on the Internet. B．It uses a modern building skill. C．Metal parts are used to join its parts. D．It is a bridge in the Palace Museum. 29．What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A．Smart designs. B．Patience and carefulness. C．Wooden pieces. D．Traditional Chinese builders. 30．Why is the mortise and tenon skill still used today? A．Because it’s much cheaper than concrete and steel. B．Because it’s easy to learn and requires no special tools. C．Because it makes buildings stay strong in any disaster. D．Because it uses smart designs and natural materials. 31．What is the best title for this passage? A．Fitting Together, Lasting Forever B．Creative Man, Special Bridge C．Sharing Freely, Growing Slowly D．Locked Wood, Dying Wisdom 【答案】28．A 29．C 30．D 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文 ，主要介绍了王德文用榫卯技艺建造的木桥在网上走红，详细阐述了有7000多年历史的榫卯技艺的连接方式、优势，体现了传统工匠的智慧，还指出其在现代仍被应用，展现了这种技艺的经久不衰 。 28．细节理解题。根据“A wooden bridge has amazed over 42 million viewers online.”可知，这座木桥在网上很受欢迎。故选A。 29．词句猜测题。根据“All the wooden pieces must be cut with great patience and carefulness so that they can be locked into places perfectly”可知，这里的“they”指的是“Wooden pieces”（木构件），只有木构件被耐心仔细地切割，才能完美契合。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据“Not only does this skill make strong buildings, but also shows the wisdom of traditional Chinese workers. Smart designs can be seen in every piece of work... they choose to use wood, a natural material. This way, they can create what they need while still respecting nature. No wonder this skill is still used today.”可知，榫卯技艺至今仍被使用是因为它运用了巧妙的设计和天然材料。故选D。 31．最佳标题题。文章主要介绍了榫卯技艺，这种技艺通过将木构件契合在一起，展现出强大而持久的特性，选项A“契合在一起，经久耐用 ”能很好地概括文章主旨。故选A。 （三） （2025年一中二模） ①The sun is very important—it gives us light, heat and life. So scientists began to ask: what if we could make a sun ourselves? Now a “man-made sun” is being built by using nuclear fusion (核聚变). ②How does a nuclear fusion work? Now imagine making a hot soup. First, scientists put two special kinds of hydrogen (氢气) to a big machine, just like putting the ingredients (原材料) into a big “pot”. Then, they heat it up to over 100 million ℃. At this point, the “soup” turns into something called plasma (等离子体). When the tiny parts in the plasma mix together, power is given out. This “cooking” process is called nuclear fusion—the same way our real sun produces power. ③Now scientists around the world are working hard to create a “man-made sun”. In France, a project called ITER brings together 35 countries. It aims to build the world’s largest fusion reactor (反应堆). In South Korea, its man-made sun KSTAR can hold plasma at 100 million ℃ for 48 seconds. ④In China, the EAST machine in Anhui Province has already made great achievements. In 2023, it kept plasma-at-120 million ℃ for 403 seconds. In 2025, it held 100 million ℃ for 1,066 seconds, setting a new world record and marking a closer exploration. ⑤But building a man-made sun still faces many difficulties. China’s EAST has already cost over 3 billion yuan. Besides, it needs special materials to control the heat safely. Also, it is very hard to keep the plasma hot and stable (稳定), which is the biggest challenge for scientists. ⑥Fusion technology requires very strict rules to prevent accidents. Will there be radiation (辐射)? What will happen if the plasma runs out? Are there any scientific steps to protect workers’ safety? Those questions are like stones on the road, making the journey of fusion harder to move forward smoothly. ⑦So, why keep going? Many power factories have been burning oil, which pollutes the air and harms the Earth. ________ It uses seawater as fuel (燃料) which is clean. It is almost CO2 free, making the air less polluted and slowing climate change. ⑧If successful, with only a little seawater, we can make plenty of cheap and long-lasting power that could offer electricity to homes, schools, and cities day and night. This is especially useful for big cities like Shanghai and New York. It may change the way we live and light our way to a greener future. 32．Why does the writer mention “make a hot soup” in Paragraph 2? A．To show cooking and science are the same. B．To discuss how to make a delicious hot soup. C．To introduce the history of nuclear fusion. D．To make the nuclear fusion easier to understand. 33．What can we learn from the passage? A．France has already built the largest fusion reactor in the world. B．The EAST can keep plasma longer than the other projects. C．The biggest challenge for fusion is the high cost of materials. D．The rules are strict enough to make sure of workers’ safety. 34．Which sentence can be put in ________? A．However, fusion is quite different. B．However, oil is easy to get. C．So scientists are trying to look for cleaner fuel. D．So factories should be stopped from burning oil. 35．What is the best structure for the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】32．D 33．B 34．A 35．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了“人造太阳”即核聚变技术的原理、全球研发进展、面临的挑战以及其作为清洁能源的重要意义。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段“Now imagine making a hot soup…”可知，作者用“煮热汤”比喻核聚变过程，是为了让复杂的科学概念更易懂。故选D。 33．推理判断题。根据第四段“In 2025, it held 100 million ℃ for 1,066 seconds, setting a new world record”可知，EAST保持等离子体时间比其他项目更长。故选B。 34．推理判断题。空缺处前文提及传统燃油污染问题，后文描述核聚变清洁特性，需转折强调对比。故选A。 35．篇章结构题。全文结构为：引入概念（①）→解释原理（②）→全球进展（③④）→面临挑战（⑤⑥）→意义展望（⑦⑧），属于提出问题-分析问题-解决问题的递进结构。故选D。 （四） （2025年南开二模） ①Recently, Liu Qiangdong, who set up JD (Jingdong), caught public attention by personally delivering food in Beijing, wearing the company’s uniform. This shows JD．com has entered the food delivery market. It makes a big difference to this industry. ②JD offers more protection to its riders. Full-time riders will get full social insurance, and part-time workers will receive commercial (商业的) insurance. If an accident happens to a rider while working, the insurance will pay hospital bills. When riders lose the ability to work, the insurance can help them afford their basic life. This might push the whole industry to treat riders better. ③JD also works with stores that have high food safety standards and good customer reviews. This makes JD different from Meituan, which works with many more stores but is less strict. To attract more users, JD offers big sale like “15 yuan off 30 yuan” coupons which means you can save 15 yuan if you spend 30 yuan. Data shows JD reached 5 million daily orders in just 40 days after starting. ④To compete directly with JD, Meituan quickly fought back by expanding its “30-Minute Delivery” service to fresh food and electronics. Meanwhile, Alibaba’s Ele.me, another top company in this field, stayed silent, making people expect its plans in this three-way race. ⑤Though customers may enjoy low prices and fast delivery, experts pointed out the possible risks to these companies. To start with, JD’s promises of a basic income for riders might keep workers but could raise costs for the industry. With costs rising, experts doubt whether JD’s other policies can last long. Meanwhile, having more orders doesn’t mean making more money. Meituan’s delivery income has fallen to only 2.8%. ⑥Anyway, the new competition shows China’s efforts to balance market growth, worker rights, and new ideas. Whether JD keeps growing or Meituan stays on top, the real winners now are workers and customers. 32．What does JD do to attract customers according to the text? A．It offers insurance to all workers. B．It works with stores that have strict food safety standards. C．It sells fresh food and electronics at the lowest price online. D．It promises 30-minute delivery for all orders. 33．What can we infer from the passage? A．Ele.me will take action in the near future. B．Meituan will stay on top of the industry. C．The food delivery industry may be better and better. D．More orders mean making more money for these companies. 34．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Low Price: JD vs Meituan B．New Policy: Insurance for Delivery Riders C．New Competition: China’s Food Delivery Race D．Food Delivery Service: Safe Food and Low Price 35．Which of the following shows the correct structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】32．B 33．C 34．C 35．A 【导语】本文主要讲述京东进军外卖市场后引发的行业竞争，包括对骑手的福利保障、商家的合作标准，以及与其他平台的竞争策略，并探讨了潜在风险和行业影响。 32．细节理解题。根据第三段“JD also works with stores that have high food safety standards and good customer reviews.”可知，京东通过与食品安全标准高、客户评价好的商家合作来吸引顾客。故选B。 33．推理判断题。根据第二段“This might push the whole industry to treat riders better.”和第六段“the real winners now are workers and customers”可知，京东提供的骑手待遇可能会推动整个行业更好地对待骑手；各平台之间竞争的真正赢家是员工和顾客。由此推知，外卖行业可能因竞争而越来越好。故选C。 34．标题归纳题。文章围绕京东入局外卖市场引发的三方竞争，分析策略与影响。因此，选项C“新竞争：中国外卖大战”是最佳标题。故选C。 35．篇章结构题。 全文分六段： 第一段讲述京东进入外卖市场；第二和第三段讲述了京东采取的具体措施；第四段讲述了京东的竞争对手的反应；第五段提供了专家的风险分析；第六段总结了竞争的意义。 故选A。 （五） （2025年八中强化三） Read the following paintings by Vincent van Gogh: Cafe Terrace at Night, Starry Night Over the Rhone, and The Starry Night. What do these paintings all have in common? They all have stars. Starry backdrops (星空背景) at night are one of Van Gogh’s main painting styles. For Van Gogh, nighttime was a special, almost magical time. Working outdoors at night helped him enter the world of spirits and dreams that inspired his imagination. He painted his first starry scene, Cafe Terrace at Night, on a street in Arles, France. Soon after Cafe Terrace at Night, Van Gogh made another painting called Starry Night Over the Rhone. In the picture, the sky is full of stars, and gas lamps from Arles reflect off the river. Showing the color and light of the nighttime world was deeply important to van Gogh. He worked outside by the light of the stars and Arles, where he was able to study the scene carefully to catch its light. The Starry Night was made several months later, not from observation (观察) but from memory. Some believe The Starry Night was a reflection of Van Gogh’s mental situation at that time. He had a mental problem and went to live in a hospital. Through his work, Van Gogh tried to express the mystery and strangeness he noticed around him. Viewing it, you may fall into a world of dreams with the unsteady (不稳定的) lines and forceful colors. These paintings are what Van Gogh is best known for today. Although he died more than a century ago, his starry paintings live on, like stars, and make everyone who sees them happy. 24．Why was nighttime special for van Gogh at first? A．Because he could get much inspiration. B．Because stars could be seen every night. C．Because the temperature at night was low. D．Because the streets in the evening were quiet. 25．How did Van Gogh create the painting Starry Night Over the Rhone? A．By comparing the Rhone with other famous rivers. B．By working outside under the light of stars and Arles. C．By spending the whole night sitting in a boat on Rhone. D．By choosing the same colors used in his first drawing. 26．What makes The Starry Night seem like a world of dreams? A．Van Gogh’s observation in a hospital. B．Van Gogh’s experience in a hospital. C．The mystery and strangeness Van Gogh noticed. D．Unsteady lines and forceful colors Van Gogh used. 27．How can we understand the last sentence in the last paragraph? A．Van Gogh’s starry paintings explain the mysteries of art rather than simply bring joy. B．Van Gogh’s starry paintings are mainly famous for historical value rather than joy they bring. C．Van Gogh’s starry paintings keep bringing happiness and have a lasting influence nowadays. D．Van Gogh’s starry paintings quickly catch people’s eyes but soon appear from memory. 【答案】24．A 25．B 26．D 27．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了文森特·梵高的三幅以星空为主题的画作：《夜晚的咖啡馆露台》、《罗纳河上的星夜》和《星月夜》。 24．细节理解题。根据“Working outdoors at night helped him enter the world of spirits and dreams that inspired his imagination.”可知，夜晚能给梵高带来灵感。故选A。 25．细节理解题。根据“He worked outside by the light of the stars and Arles, where he was able to study the scene carefully to catch its light.”可知，梵高是在夜晚于户外借助星光和阿尔勒的灯光进行观察并创作。故选B。 26．细节理解题。根据“Viewing it, you may fall into a world of dreams with the unsteady (不稳定的) lines and forceful colors.”可知，《星月夜》中的不稳定线条和强烈色彩使人感觉如进入梦境。故选D。 27．词句猜测题。根据“Although he died more than a century ago, his starry paintings live on, like stars, and make everyone who sees them happy.”可知，该句说明这些星空画作长久流传并不断给人带来快乐和影响。C选项“梵高的星空画给人们带来幸福和持久的影响。”符合。故选C。 （六） （2025年十八中5月月考） ①Some people can manage any journey with no guide but their “pigeon (鸽子) sense”. How do they do it? And can this ability be learned? In fact, the latest science research suggests that there are plenty of ways for common people to improve their sense of direction. ②People’s sense of direction is influenced by many different factors. Childhood environment shapes people’s comfort and confidence in finding ways. Allowing kids to have the chance to move independently around different places is very important. “Experiments suggest that passive (被动的) movement is not that good because you don’t usually pay attention,” says Nora, a psychological scientist. People who grew up outside cities, or in very large cities, also appear to have better senses of direction when they become adults. “We have found that even as adults, people who move around their environment more widely have better senses of direction,” says Nora. ③In many ancient societies, girls and women had fewer chances to go out to find directions while men went hunting in the rainforest. So women are more likely to consider that they are born with a worse sense of direction although studies show that gender (性别) differences don’t influence their performance in finding ways. ④ ▲ “One is that you think you cannot improve the sense of direction,” Nora says. While adults’ brains are different from children’s in some ways, adults can still learn to do that. Nora is also worried because people think that the sense of direction is of no use in time of GPS. “But what if phone batteries die or systems make mistakes, like driving into water on the advice of their GPS?” Nora pointed out. ⑤In fact, people can train their sense of direction by better noticing environmental cues. “People can pay attention to things around them, like the wind, the sun or even a tree, whether they’re in the city or the countryside.” Nora says. “It is difficult to provide common ways to improve the senses of direction because of people’s cultural differences. But in general, the more you move, especially in ways that are kind of challenging, the better senses of direction you’ll develop,” Nora says. ⑥Besides, getting a proper amount of sleep may help too. One global study found that for people aged 54 and older, sleeping seven hours a night leads to the best performance in a way-finding game. ⑦So although not everyone is born with “pigeon sense”, the good news is that they—and you—can continue to develop the skill over a lifetime. 29．Which of the following in the dictionary can best explain the underlined word “cues” in Paragraph 5? cue n. cues           v. cuing cued cued ①a signal (信号) that helps to solve a problem ②a few words or an action that gives you an idea about something ③a long wooden stick used for hitting the ball in some games ④to give sb. a signal so they know when to start doing sth. A．① B．② C．③ D． 30．Which sentence can be put in ▲ ? A．People have discovered some useful facts of senses of direction. B．People have many misunderstandings about the sense of direction. C．People haven’t worked out some mysteries of the sense of direction. D．People have thought of some ways to develop the sense of direction. 31．What can we infer from the passage? A．Women have a worse sense of direction than men. B．Adults can still improve their sense of direction. C．Active movement can lead to a better sense of direction. D．The sense of direction influences one’s sleep amount. 32．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (①-Paragraph 1②-Paragraph 2…) A． B． C． D． 【答案】29．A 30．B 31．C 32．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了方向感的影响因素以及如何提高方向感。文章通过科学研究和个人经验，探讨了方向感的形成、性别差异、以及通过环境线索和睡眠来提高方向感的方法。 29．词句猜测题。根据文章第5段“People can pay attention to things around them, like the wind, the sun or even a tree, whether they’re in the city or the countryside.”可知，“cues”指的是帮助解决问题的信号。根据词典解释，“a signal that helps to solve a problem”与文章中的描述相符。故选A。 30．推理判断题。根据后句“One is that you think you cannot improve the sense of direction,”以及后文“Nora is also worried because people think that the sense of direction is of no use in time of GPS.”可知，人们对方向感存在误解。因此，填入的句子应与误解相关。故选B。 31．推理判断题。根据文章第2段“Experiments suggest that passive (被动的) movement is not that good because you don’t usually pay attention,”以及“People who grew up outside cities, or in very large cities, also appear to have better senses of direction when they become adults.”可以推断，主动运动有助于提高方向感。选项C“主动运动可以带来更好的方向感。”与文章内容一致。故选C。 32．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，本文结构如下：第一段段引入话题；二三段讲影响方向感的原因 (环境、性别等)；第四段谈对方向感的常见误解；五六段介绍提高方向感的方法；第七段总结。与选项B的分层示意图相符。故选B。 （七） （2025年八中强化四） ①“Look in my eyes! Tell me why!” Have you found yourself listening to “ancient people” online recently? ②Creative vloggers (视频博主) are using AI technology to bring famous people from history like Tang Dynasty poets Li Bai and Du Fu “back to life”. In these videos, these well known ancient people speak in modern language, offering a fresh and interesting way for us to get to know them. ③In one video, Du Fu talks about his experience during the An-Shi Rebellion (755-763). In another, Ming Dynasty medical expert Li Shizhen makes fun of modern lifestyles, like trying to be healthy by drinking goji berry (枸杞) water but still staying up late. ④As you watch these videos, you can’t help but start to think—what do others think of these creative ways of making ancient people come alive? ⑤“The videos make me want to learn more about important ancient people, such as Wen Zhengming and Tang Bohu. I didn’t know much about their stories before,” said Wang Jiayi, 15, from Shandong. ⑥______. The way these ancient people speak, in high tones and always asking questions, annoys (使恼怒) some people. “They’ re too pushy, which is different from how they really were,” explained 14-year-old Wang Shuotong from Jiangsu. ⑦Xia Boen,14, from Hubei, felt the same. But he was surprised to find that he “remembered almost everything they said about their experiences and achievements” thanks to the speaking style in the videos. ⑧These videos use a more modern way to let ancient people “speak for themselves”. However, “We should be careful with these videos, making sure they are not sharing false information.” noted Nanfang Daily. 52．The writer starts the passage by ______. A．asking a question B．telling a story C．making a comparison D．giving an example 53．Which sentence can be put in the ______? A．Everyone likes these creative videos B．Instead, some people felt disappointed C．This new style isn’t for everyone, however D．This is how ancient people actually talked 54．What is the best title for this passage? A．Ancient Poets Become Modern Stars B．AI Brings Ancient People to Life C．New Technology Changes History Learning D．AI Gives Wrong Ideas about Ancient Poets 55．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】52．A 53．C 54．B 55．C 【导语】文章介绍了视频博主通过AI技术让历史人物以现代语言“复活”的现象，列举了李白、杜甫等例子，并分析了观众的不同反应，最后提醒需警惕虚假信息。 52．细节理解题。根据“Look in my eyes! Tell me why!”以及反问句“Have you found yourself…?”可知，作者以提问的方式开篇。故选A。 53．推理判断题。空缺处前文提到15岁的王佳怡对视频的积极评价，后文则提到14岁的王硕彤对这种说话方式感到恼怒，形成对比关系。C选项最能承上启下，表达“并非所有人都喜欢这种风格”。故选C。 54．最佳标题题。全文围绕“AI技术让历史人物以现代语言‘复活’”展开，列举了不同观众的反应和媒体评价。B选项最贴合主题。故选B。 55．篇章结构题。文章第一段引入话题，是总述；第二段介绍视频博主正在使用人工智能技术让唐朝诗人李白和杜甫等历史名人“起死回生”，第三段是对第二段中的视频进行介绍；第四段和前面的第二段是并列，引出后文对“让古人复活的创造性方式”的看法；第五段到第七段是不同学生的看法；第八段是媒体评论。文章如C选项所示。故选C。 （八） （2025年八中强化四） For many years, scientists thought lightning would always destroy (摧毁) trees. When lightning hit trees, most died or got badly hurt. But now, researchers found something surprising in forests. There’s a special type of tree that doesn’t just survive lightning—it actually uses lightning to help it grow better than other trees nearby. In 2015, Researcher Evan Gora made an important discovery when he saw something strange in Panama’s rainforest. A Dipteryx tree had been hit by lightning, but it was hardly hurt. However, all the other trees around it were completely destroyed. This made scientists wonder: “Could lightning actually benefit this type of tree?” Scientists tested this idea by studying 100 trees hit by lightning in a Panamanian forest for several years. They discovered something amazing: All 10 Dipteryx trees survived with little harm, but 60% of other types (种类) of trees died in two years. Lightning destroyed about 78% of vines (藤蔓) on Dipteryx trees. Each time lightning hit, it killed an average of 9.2 competing tree nearby. This helped Dipteryx trees get more sunlight and nutrients (营养物) from the soil. Further research found that Dipteryx trees have some smart survival tricks. These trees can grow over 30 meters tall—much higher than other trees around them. Their wide, flat tops making them 68% more likely to be hit by lightning than other trees. Over their 300-year life, a Dipteryx tree might get hit by lightning six or more times—but it usually survives. “Being hit by lightning is actually good for them,” said scientist Gora in a new study. This finding surprises experts because it shows some plants actually benefit from natural disasters like lightning. Now, researchers are trying to find other trees that can also use lightning to help themselves grow well, which could probably rewrite our understanding of forest ecosystems (生态系统) . 56．Which bar chart (柱状图) is TRUE according to Paragraph 3? Survival Numbers of Trees in Two Years （100 trees in total） A. B． C． D． ■ Dipteryx Trees    ※ Other Types of Treees 57．How does lightning help Dipteryx trees grow better? A．By creating loud and special sounds B．By scaring away animals that eat their leaves. C．By providing special nutrients through the rain. D．By killing competing trees and vines around them. 58．What can we infer from the passage? A．Dipteryx trees have some smart survival tricks. B．Lightning helps small plants grow under Dipteryx trees. C．Lightning can’t be helpful with the wide and flat tree tops. D．Lightning may help Dipteryx trees reduce competition. 59．What will the writer probably discuss after the last paragraph? A．Other trees might also benefit from lightning. B．Ecosystems can’t survive without lightning. C．Other natural disasters help trees grow well. D．Lightning also creates better conditions for animals 【答案】56．A 57．D 58．D 59．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，揭示香豆树可以利用雷击清除竞争者，颠覆传统“雷电危害论”，展现自然选择的精妙，为森林生态研究提供新视角。 56．细节理解题。根据第三段“All 10 Dipteryx trees survived...60% of other types of trees died”可知，Dipteryx存活数为10棵；其他树种存活数为40%，90棵中存活36棵。选项A的柱状图符合，故选A。 57．细节理解题。根据第三段“Lightning destroyed about 78% of vines(藤蔓) on Dipteryx trees. Each time lightning hit, it killed an average of 9.2 competing tree nearby.”可知，雷击可以清除竞争植物，故选D。 58．细节理解题。根据“Each time lightning hit, it killed an average of 9.2 competing tree nearby. This helped Dipteryx trees get more sunlight and nutrients (营养物) from the soil.”可知，雷击减少树木的竞争，促进其生长，故选D。 59．推理判断题。末段提到“寻找其他受益于雷击的树种”，后续最可能讨论此内容，故选A。 （九） （2025年八中强化三） In 1903, the Wright brothers’ historic flight opened the door to human aviation (航天). Since then, over the past century, human has been always reaching new heights in researching the skies. Today, a new chapter is unfolding in the skies—one led by drones that are changing how we live, work, and connect. As part of the “low-altitude economy” (低空经济), these flying machines have become a sign of technological progress, fitting smoothly into both city and country life. Take the Badaling Great Wall in Beijing as an example, where drones have turned a 50-minute hike for food and water into a three-minute convenience. Travelers now order on the phone, and electric drones deliver (递送) snacks and drinks, even collecting garbage on their return trips. Besides, in cities like Shenzhen, known as the “City of Drones,” technology goes further. In 2024, electric “air cars” that can take off and land upright started flying there. They don’t need long runways, showing how technology can become part of daily life. Drones are also changing farming. In Guangxi, over 250,000 drones help protect plants. They watch over crops, spray pesticides (杀虫剂), and find pests, working quickly across large fields. This technology has cut labor costs by 40% compared to traditional methods, allowing farmers to manage more land with less effort. During harvest seasons, drones even help watch over fruit growth, guiding farmers to pick at the best time for better quality and higher yields (产量). With such new technology, there are things to think about. As more drones fly, questions about safety, airspace rules, and personal information might come up. How can we make sure these machines fly safely with other planes? How do we balance space of use with protecting people’s space? Even if high-tech GPS helps drones fly in a right way, rules must be developed to help use them without risks. From delivering snacks on the Great Wall to helping farms and cities, Chinese drones have gone from a new thing to a need. They show how creation can shorten the gap—between old and new, city and country. As we step into this low-altitude revolution (变革), one thing is clear: The tomorrow is not just about flying higher, but about flying smarter. 32．How does the writer start the passage? A．By describing a future plan. B．By talking about a historic event. C．By raising a recent problem. D．By showing the changes of technology. 33．What can we infer about the use of drones? A．The “air cars” in Shenzhen will replace traditional cars in the future. B．Farmers now need more workers to control drones in the fields. C．Farmers can use drones to watch fruit growth and pick fruits directly. D．Proper rules are the key to making drones more helpful. 34．Which “gap” below has the same meaning as the “gap” in the last paragraph? A．The gap year before college helps students relax. B．There’s a gap in the wall—we can climb through it. C．The culture gap often makes it hard to talk to foreigners. D．The gap between the two buildings is used for a garden. 35．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】32．B 33．D 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了无人机技术如何从莱特兄弟的航空开端发展至今，并广泛应用于低空经济、农业等领域，同时探讨了安全规则与技术创新的平衡问题。 32．推理判断题。根据“In 1903, the Wright brothers’ historic flight opened the door to human aviation…”可推知，作者通过描述莱特兄弟的历史性飞行事件引入主题。故选B。 33．推理判断题。根据“rules must be developed to help use them without risks”可推知，制定合理规则是无人机发挥积极作用的关键。故选D。 34．词句猜测题。根据“They show how creation can shorten the gap—between old and new, city and country.”可知，无人机技术缩小了新旧、城乡之间的差距，属于抽象差异，结合选项可知，选项C“文化差异往往使与外国人交谈变得困难。”符合。故选C。 35．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章第一段引出主题；第二段介绍低空经济的概念，说明其顺利融入城市和乡村生活；第三段和第四段对第二段进行举例说明；第五段介绍分析安全与隐私等问题；最后总结并指出无人机技术的未来趋势。故选B。 （十） （2025年育才二模） Many users from the US joined Xiaohongshu in January, and Chinese users jokingly asked them to pay a “cat tax (猫税)” by sharing a photo of their cats. In return, Chinese users would send the pictures of their own cats. After looking at hundreds of cat photos, some people noticed something interesting: The cats posted by Chinese users were rounder than those shared by American users. But why? According to the website Furrbby, one key reason is the living environment. In China, many families live in high-rise apartments. To keep their cats safe, owners usually keep them inside the house. However, many American homes have larger living spaces and backyards, so cats can climb and play here and there. Cultural differences may also play a role, reported Inf News. In Chinese culture, roundness means unity (团结) and perfection, while Americans value an adventurous spirit. So they encourage their pets to run around and stay active. Family influence is another reason. “My parents always show their love by making delicious food for me, so I treat my cat the same way,” explained a Chinese user from Heilongjiang. The difference in cat body shapes between China and the US shows cultural differences between the two countries. Whether they are a fit American cat or a round Chinese cat, as long as they are healthy, that's what matters most. 28．Where can the underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 “in return” be put? A．When we smile to others, we get a smile ___________. B．Helen didn't order coffee today. ___________, she drank some tea. C．We need to keep hope alive, ___________we are in a difficult time. D．Everything is possible___________ we work hard enough. 29．Where do Chinese keep cats according to website Furrbby? A．In the house. B．In the backyard. C．In the park. D．In the box. 30．According to the article, what are the reasons for different shapes of cats? ①photo-taking skill    ②living environment    ③cultural difference    ④family influence A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 31．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain cultural differences in raising cats between the US and China. B．To encourage people in different countries to keep more cats. C．To compare the different body shapes of cats in the US and China. D．To show different living environment for cats in the US and China. 【答案】28．A 29．A 30．D 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。通过列举具体案例、引用网站和媒体报道，并从居住环境及文化差异对生活方式的影响，传递“尊重差异，关注宠物健康”的理念。 28．词义理解题。根据“Chinese users jokingly asked them to pay a “cat tax (猫税)” by sharing a photo of their cats. In return, Chinese users would send the pictures of their own cats.”可知，“in return”表示“作为回报”。选项A “When we smile to others, we get a smile ...” 中填入“in return”可表达“作为回报得到微笑”，符合语境。故选A。     29．细节理解题。根据“In China, many families live in high-rise apartments. To keep their cats safe, owners usually keep them inside the house”可知，中国用户将猫养在室内。故选A。 30． 细节理解题。根据第三段“living environment”、第四段“cultural differences”及第五段“family influence”可知，造成中美猫咪体型差异的原因包括②居住环境、③文化差异、④家庭影响，未提及①拍照技巧。故选D。 31．主旨大意题。文章通过对比中美猫咪体型差异，分析其背后的居住环境、文化和家庭影响，最终指出差异反映了两国文化差异。核心目的是解释中美养猫的文化差异。故选A。 （十一） （2025年一外二模） ①Imagine being able to talk to your future self and get to know what your life might be like years from now. A new online chat platform (平台) called Future You has made this possible. ②Future You was created by scientists from different research centers. Using AI, the program begins by asking users questions about their personalities, present lives and future plans. It then uses this information as “memories” to create a simulation (模拟) of the user at the age of 60. This allows users to ask questions and get advice for the future from “themselves”. ③The platform can also produce a photo for each user, showing how they might look at age 60. “It makes the simulation like real. Future You provides much more information than what a person could come up with by just imagining their future selves,” said Pattie Maes, a scientist who worked on the program. ④According to the platform’s website, Future You is designed to “help users develop more long-term (长期的) thinking” by improving their “future self-continuity” (未来自我连续性). This phrase describes how connected a person feels to his or her future self. The stronger the connection, the more likely a person is to make decisions that benefit his whole life, in areas such as money, education, or health. ⑤The scientists tested Future You on 344 volunteers. Those who communicated with Future You for 10 to 30 minutes felt less worried and had more confidence about the uncertain nature of the future compared to those who chatted with a general AI or only did surveys. ⑥However, Future You isn’t perfect. “It is not clear whether communicating with our future self will really influence our behaviors,” said Ivo Vlaev, a professor from the UK’s University of Warwick. Besides, the AI program can only offer a look into one possible future instead of making different predictions. “It’s all a hypothesis.” said an article. It may not happen. We shouldn’t take Future You’s words as completely true. 32．What can the online chat platform Future You do? A．Change your way of communication. B．Create a better relationship with friends. C．Tell you exactly what will happen to you. D．Help you have a talk with your future self. 33．Why does the writer mention the test in Paragraph 5? A．To show us the advantages of Future You. B．To tell us how powerful a general AI can be. C．To explain to us what the 344 volunteers did. D．To teach us the way to chat with Future You. 34．What does the underlined word hypothesis in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Guess. B．Lie. C．Fact. D．Solution. 35．What may be the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】32．D 33．A 34．A 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为“Future You”的在线聊天平台，该平台通过人工智能技术模拟用户60岁时的状态，帮助用户与未来的自己对话，并提供未来建议，文章还提到了该平台的优势和局限性。 32．细节理解题。根据“Imagine being able to talk to your future self and get to know what your life might be like years from now. A new online chat platform (平台) called Future You has made this possible.”可知，Future You平台的主要功能是帮助用户与未来的自己对话。故选D。 33．推理判断题。根据“Those who communicated with Future You for 10 to 30 minutes felt less worried and had more confidence about the uncertain nature of the future compared to those who chatted with a general AI or only did surveys.”可推知，作者提到这个测试是为了展示Future You的优势。故选A。 34．词句猜测题。根据下文“It may not happen.”可知，这可能不会发生，应是这只是一个假设，所以划线部分的含义是“假设；猜测”。故选A。 35．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，首先引入主题；第二段和第三段展示技术实现与功能；第四段和第五段介绍设计目的和测试效果；最后一段介绍其局限性。故选B。 （十二） （2025年一外二模） In Chinese culture, the snake is an important symbol, and its meaning has changed over time. In the old book Classic of Mountains and Seas, many gods are shown holding snakes, hanging them around their ears, or having the body of a snake as a mark of their unusual abilities. ① Han Ding, a teacher at Henan University, says that snakes are often found in holes underground where dead people are buried, so they are often believed to be connected with the dead. Some old pictures of the Shang Dynasty were discovered in Zhengzhou a few years ago. They showed a human head within the mouths of snakes. People believed that by putting a human head within the mouths of snakes, they were able to communicate with their family members who died. ② From the Shang Dynasty, people believed the universe was hierarchical (按等级划分的), with gods above in heaven (天界), humans on earth and dead people below in the underworld. ③ In the Han Dynasty, snakes often appeared in pictures of Xuanwu, a special animal that is part snake and part turtle (龟). In later dynasties, snakes appeared less often in cultural pictures but remained one of the 12 animals in the Chinese zodiac (生肖). ④ Having lived on earth for more than 100 million years, the snake has always been part of Chinese culture and life. “Long ago, snakes served as bridges between humans and gods and finally became a zodiac symbol. The cultural meanings of snakes have grown richer.” said Wang Fang, the director of Jinsha Museum in Chengdu. 24．What does the underlined word “their” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Dead people’s. B．Family members’. C．The snakes’. D．Many gods’. 25．Which place can the following sentence be put into? They thought snakes could move between these places and regarded them as a bridge between the gods, the living, and the dead. A． ① B． ② C． ③ D． ④ 26．According to Paragraph 5, which picture might be Xuanwu? A． B． C． D． 27．What’s the best title of this text? A．Meaningful Animals in Chinese Culture. B．Old Pictures of Snakes in Chinese History. C．Snake: Changes of Its Meaning in Chinese Culture. D．Snake: An Animal from Classic of Mountains and Seas. 【答案】24．D 25．C 26．A 27．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了蛇在中国文化中的意义变化。 24．词句猜测题。根据“many gods are shown holding snakes, hanging them around their ears, or having the body of a snake as a mark of their unusual abilities.”可知，许多神被描绘成抱着蛇，把蛇挂在耳朵周围，或者有蛇的身体作为他们不寻常能力的标志，因此划线词指“许多神”。故选D。 25．推理判断题。根据“They thought snakes could move between these places and regarded them as a bridge between the gods, the living, and the dead.”可知，他们认为蛇可以在这些地方之间移动，并将它们视为神灵、生者和死者之间的桥梁，这个句子是在描述人们对蛇的信仰和看法，认为蛇能够在天界、人间和冥界之间穿梭，被视为连接这三者的桥梁。而第三段正好在讲述人们相信宇宙是分层的，有天界、人间和冥界之分，因此这个句子放在第三段后作为补充和解释是合适的。故选C。 26．细节理解题。根据“In the Han Dynasty, snakes often appeared in pictures of Xuanwu, a special animal that is part snake and part turtle (龟).”可知，玄武是一种半蛇半龟的特殊动物。故选A。 27．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了蛇在中国文化中的意义变化，从古代的神话传说到后来的生肖象征，都进行了详细的介绍。因此C项适合作标题。故选C。 （十三） （2025年西附二模） ①Life is full of unexpected moments that can surprise us. When facing unexpected situations, we often find ourselves at a crossroads: to react or to respond. While these two words may seem similar, they are actually different ways to deal with challenges. Understanding the difference can help us make better choices in difficult situations. ②Reacting is our natural response. It’s immediate and emotional. When we react, we want to follow a simple pattern: something happens, we feel anxious, and then we continue without much thought. So some regrettable decisions are always made because it doesn’t allow time for proper consideration. ③Responding, on the other hand, is a more thoughtful process. Before we take actions to do with the event, it helps to create more space. This space allows us to observe our emotions, understand the situation clearly, and make thoughtful choices. The responding process can be broken down into four steps: pause, process, plan, and proceed. ④Research from UCLA has shown that simply naming our emotions—a technique called Affect Labeling (or Emotion Labeling) that is the practice of identifying and naming our emotional state, such as saying “I feel anxious” or “I’m disappointed right now”. It can greatly reduce stress levels. By doing this, we create mental distance from our emotions, making it easier to respond wisely. ⑤ ▲ You might make mistakes in your work, or you just forgot your homework at home or had an argument with a friend. Instead of reacting right away—like yelling (吼叫), crying, or doing something you’ll regret, try these following four steps: First, stop and take three deep breaths. Second, say to yourself how you’re feeling. Third, think about what choices you have. Fourth, choose the best action and do it. ⑥Just as life’s unexpected moments test us at every crossroads, the choice between reacting and responding greatly shapes our journey. By practicing the art of thoughtful response again and again, we change those surprising challenges into chances for growth. Two ways of thinking seem similar at first, but one gives you a lasting superpower: when things get unknown, you stay calm and choose wisely. 32．What is the key difference between “reacting” and “responding”? A．Reacting is planned, while responding is natural. B．Reacting needs help from others, while responding doesn’t. C．Reacting is for big problems, while responding is for small problems. D．Reacting is quick and emotional, while responding is calm and thoughtful. 33．Why does the author mention “Affect Labeling” in Paragraph 4? A．To argue emotions should be ignored. B．To suggest only experts should use it. C．To show how naming emotions reduces stress. D．To announce it as an ineffective emotional tool. 34．Which sentence can be put in the “ ▲ ”? A．These steps are too difficult for most people to follow. B．This way of responding works for all kinds of problems. C．When facing major life challenges, these steps won’t help. D．Experts suggest reacting immediately to solve problems. 35．What is the best title and structure of the passage? A．Responding wisely B．Reacting quickly C．Responding wisely D．Reacting quickly 【答案】32．D 33．C 34．B 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要通过对比反应和回应的特点，强调了回应的优势，并提供了具体的步骤来帮助读者在遇到问题时做出更明智的选择。 32．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“Reacting is our natural response. It’s immediate and emotional.”可知，反应是我们的自然反应，它是即时的和情绪化的；第3段“Responding, on the other hand, is a more thoughtful process.”可知，回应是一个更深思熟虑的过程。故选D。 33．细节理解题。根据文章第4段“ It can greatly reduce stress levels.”可推知，作者提到“情感标签”是为了展示如何通过命名情绪来减轻压力。故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据文章第5段“Instead of reacting right away—like yelling, crying, or doing something you’ll regret, try these following four steps”可知，与其立即反应不如尝试以下四个步骤。因此可以推断，本段讲的是回应方式适用于各种问题。故选B。 35．最佳标题题和篇章结构题。阅读全文可知，本文强调了回应的优势并给出了具体步骤，最佳标题为“明智地回应”；第1段引出回应和反应，第2段介绍反应的特点，第3段介绍回应的特点，第4段和第5段介绍了明智回应的方法与步骤，第6段总结，强调多多练习回应的必要性，结构为选项A。故选A。 （十四） （2025年杨家坪中学二模） ① Artificial intelligence (AI) is a kind of technology. It helps computers think, learn and create in a way similar to humans. In the past years, many new AI apps and tools have been developed. ②Dou bao and Deep Seek are two examples of AI chatbots (聊天机器人). You can talk with them. You can ask them about a subject that you’re studying at school, or a part of history that you’re interested in, or tips for good places to visit on holiday. ③Teachers can use these apps to make lesson plans for class, but they have other uses too, like making people more creative. For example, AI can help make up characters and write stories. ④ There are also “text-to-image” AIs, like DALL-E and Mid journey. They can create pictures for you according to your ideas. For example, you can ask them to make a photo or a space dog eating cheese and having a picnic on the Moon, or a picture of the Mona Lisa as a Po kemon (宠物小精灵), or a crayon (蜡笔) drawing of a goat playing football. ⑤“Text-to-music”AIs like Splash Pro and Stable Audio work in a similar way. They can turn your ideas into music. You can ask the AI to make a fast pop song tot your gaming video, or a slow and relaxing song to help you focus on (专注) homework. ⑥Creative AI technology is developing very quickly, but there are some concerns. Some writers, artists and musicians are worried that these AIs are being “trained” using their work without their permission (许可). ⑦There are also fears that AI could be used for bad reasons, like spreading false (虚假) information or making songs that seem to be by famous musicians. ⑧One thing that’s important to know is that these AI tools are not designed (设计) for young people to use alone. If you want to use them, make sure you do it with an adult. 32．Which of the following are examples of AI apps mentioned in the passage? A．Doubao, Splash Pro, Po kemon B．Deep Seek, Mid journey, Mona Lisa C．DALL-E, Stable Audio, Deep Seek D．Chat GPT, Stable Audio, Doubao 33．What does the underlined word they refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Teachers B．Lesson plans C．AI chatbots D．Mid journey and DALL-E 34．What is the main idea of this passage. A．Different kinds of AI chatbots. B．How to use AI apps in life. C．AI and young people. D．AI and worries of AI. 35．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】32．C 33．C 34．D 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人工智能技术，包括AI聊天机器人、“文本 - 图像”“文本 - 音乐”等AI应用，同时提及该技术发展迅速但存在版权及被不良利用等担忧，还强调年轻人使用需有成人陪伴。 32．细节理解题。根据“Dou bao and Deep Seek are two examples of AI chatbots”“There are also ‘text - to - image’ AIs, like DALL - E and Mid journey”“‘Text - to - music’ AIs like Splash Pro and Stable Audio work in a similar way”可知，文中提到的AI应用例子有Doubao、Deep Seek、DALL - E、Mid journey、Splash Pro、Stable Audi。故选C。 33．词句猜测题。根据“Teachers can use these apps to make lesson plans for class, but they have other uses too”可知，这里的they指代的是前文提到的these apps，也就是AI chatbots。故选C。 34．主旨大意题。根据“In the past years, many new AI apps and tools have been developed.”并通读全文可知，文章前半部分介绍了不同类型的AI及其功能，后半部分提到了人们对AI的担忧，所以主要讲的是AI以及对AI的担忧。故选D。 35．篇章结构题。文章第一段介绍人工智能是一种能让计算机像人类一样思考、学习和创造的技术，引出话题；第二、三段介绍AI聊天机器人及其用途；第四段介绍“文本转图像”AI；第五段介绍“文本转音乐”AI；第六段指出创意AI技术发展迅速但存在担忧；第七段进一步说明对AI被用于不良目的的担忧；第八段总结AI工具不适合年轻人单独使用。所以文章是总分总结构，第一段总述，后面分别阐述不同类型AI及相关问题，最后总结，故选B。 （十五） （2025年巴蜀二模） On March 27th, 2025, China’s health and market agencies brought out new food safety rules. The main goal is to help people choose healthier and safer foods. One big change is that words like “no added” or “zero added” will disappear from food package labels (标识). Companies used these words to sell their products, but they could trick consumers (消费者). For example, a “no added sugar” juice might still have a lot of natural fruit sugars. This makes consumers think it has no sugar at all. Also, some products changed one sweetener for another, making buyers misunderstand. The new rules want to make labels easier to understand and more honest. Now, consumers are told to look carefully at the ingredient list instead of being fooled by nice-sounding marketing words. What’s more, common allergens (过敏原) like nuts, eggs, or milk must be clearly shown on labels, either in bold (黑体) letters or underlined. Another important change is the use of digital (数码的) labels. By just scanning the QR code (二维码) on the package, consumers can get a lot of information. They can find out where the ingredients come from, how to store the food, and even watch teaching videos. Food expiration (过期) dates will be made simpler, too. Instead of finding out how long a product can last from the production date, labels will now show the “use by” date directly. To stop food waste, some products may also have a “best before” date. Companies have two years to change their packaging and use up the old products. These rules not only protect consumers but also make producers focus on really improving the quality. Without doubt, they show China’s promise to be open in food production and care about public health. 28．Which of the following is NOT allowed on food packaging labels according to the passage? A．QR codes linking to ingredient sources. B．Words like “no sugar” or “zero added”. C．Clear expiration dates labeled as “use by”. D．Allergens underlined in bold letters 29．What does the underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refer to (指代)? A．The new food safety rules. B．The digital labels with QR codes. C．The companies selling products. D．The food expiration dates. 30．What can we infer about food companies in the future? A．They must reduce the use of natural fruit sugars. B．They can’t trick customers with labels any more. C．They will no longer use any kind of sweeteners. D．They have 2 years to sell out their old products. 31．What is the best title for the passage? A．New Technology in China’s Food Packaging B．Fighting Food Waste with Better Dates C．Clearer Allergen Warnings on Food Labels D．China’s New Food Labels for Safer Eating 【答案】28．B 29．A 30．B 31．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国于2025年3月27日出台新的食品安全规则，包括食品包装标签的相关规定，如禁止某些误导性词汇、要求明确过敏原、使用数码标签以及明确食品过期日期等，这些规则既保护消费者又促使生产者提升产品质量。 28．细节理解题。根据“One big change is that words like ‘no added’ or ‘zero added’ will disappear from food package labels.”可知，像无添加或零添加这样的词不允许出现在食品包装标签上。故选B。 29．词句猜测题。根据“These rules not only protect consumers but also make producers focus on really improving the quality. Without doubt, they show China’s promise to be open in food production and care about public health.”可知，前文提到的新食品安全规则不仅保护消费者，还让生产者注重提升质量，所以they指代新的食品安全规则。故选A。 30．推理判断题。根据“One big change is that words like ‘no added’ or ‘zero added’ will disappear from food package labels. Companies used these words to sell their products, but they could trick consumers.” 以及新规则的其他内容可知，新规则实施后公司不能再用标签欺骗顾客。故选B。 31．主旨大意题。文章主要围绕中国出台新的食品安全规则，特别是食品包装标签的相关规定展开，这些规定是为了让人们吃得更安全。选项D“中国为更安全饮食制定的新食品标签规则”，符合文章主旨。故选D。 （十六） （2025年巴蜀二模） ①In nature, the life cycle of a butterfly teaches us important lessons. In Chinese culture, butterflies mean happiness, long life, and change. Its short but amazing life shows us that even short lives can be beautiful and meaningful. ②Just like a butterfly starts as an egg full of possibilities, we all start with dreams. The Chinese idea “original heart” tells us to remember our first dreams—never forget why we started. The egg teaches us that great things start with small steps. ③Next, the caterpillar (毛毛虫) works very hard. It eats, grows, and keeps shedding (蜕) its old skin—just like how we study hard and face challenges. In Chinese culture, the spirit of “enduring hardship” helps us grow. The caterpillar shows that growth takes patience and courage to face difficulties, and every effort counts even when progress is slow. ④Later, the caterpillar hides in a shell called a pupa (蛹). Inside the pupa, the caterpillar slowly turns into a butterfly. Though it looks like nothing is happening, big changes are inside! This reflects the Chinese value of “quiet reflection”—taking time to rethink and grow. Sometimes, resting isn’t failing. It’s a chance to become stronger. We should trust the process even if we can’t see results. ⑤When the butterfly finally breaks free from its pupa, it flies bravely with beautiful wings, just like the Chinese idea of “being free and joyful”. Its wings leave a secret message in the air: true happiness is not about the length of our days, but by the depth with which we enjoy each moment. ⑥The butterfly’s journey shows us the power of change. Let its journey inspire us to face challenges, grow through hard times and become stronger. The value of our life isn’t about how long we fly, but how we make the world brighter—like a butterfly coloring the sky in its short life. 32．How does the wirter connect the butterfly’s life cycle with life lessons? A．By telling stories. B．By making comparisons. C．By showing arguments. D．By offering descriptions. 33．Which stage in the life cycle of a butterfly shows the Chinese value of “quiet reflection”? A．Stage 1. B．Stage 2. C．Stage 3. D．Stage 4. 34．Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 35．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To describe butterfly life cycle. B．To compare different life cycles. C．To inspire readers to live fully. D．To explain Chinese values. 【答案】32．B 33．C 34．A 35．C 【导语】本文通过讲述蝴蝶的生命周期，联系中国文化，传达了相关人生哲理。 32．细节理解题。本文中作者将蝴蝶从卵开始的各个阶段与人生进行类比，如把蝴蝶的卵比作我们怀揣的梦想，毛毛虫努力成长比作我们努力学习和面对挑战等。通过这种方式将蝴蝶的生命周期与人生道理联系起来，是在做比较。故选B。 33．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Later, the caterpillar hides in a shell called a pupa. Inside the pupa, the caterpillar slowly turns into a butterfly. Though it looks like nothing is happening, big changes are inside! This reflects the Chinese value of ‘quiet reflection’”可知，蝴蝶生命周期中蛹这个阶段体现了中国“静思”的价值观，对应图中的Stage3。故选C。 34．篇章结构题。本文第一段总述蝴蝶的生命周期能给我们带来重要启示；第二至五段分别从蝴蝶生命周期的不同阶段进行阐述，将每个阶段与人生哲理和中国文化相联系；第六段总结蝴蝶的旅程给我们的启示。整体是总分总的结构。故选A。 35．主旨大意题。本文通过讲述蝴蝶的生命周期，传达出要面对挑战、在艰难时期成长、让生命更有意义等观点，目的是激励读者充分地生活，而不是单纯描述蝴蝶生命周期。故选C。 （十七） （2025年育才二模） ①The word microbe is made from two words. “Micro” means small and “bios” means life. Microbes, small lives, live in us and all around us. But they are too small for people to see. The police regard them as the “silent helper”. They ”see” crime (犯罪) in special ways and play a key role in helping the police finding out the truth. ②One familiar type of microbe is bacteria (细菌). Just think about your finger. On a small part, one square centimeter, of it live 10,000 to one million different bacteria! Every time we touch the table, we leave behind microbes. The police collect bacteria and other microbes from lots of things. They then examine the DNA in these things. By comparing the DNA, they can find out whether or not the person is connected to the crime. ③Microbes can help find out when a person died. When someone is dying, their immune system (免疫系统) stops working slowly and their body becomes cooler. These changes make the microbes in the body act in new ways. After death, the immune systems shut down completely. The microbes inside the body begin to grow and move everywhere. They join with microbes from outside and together they break down the body. These small living things grow, move and change in special ways. Police can study these changes to know when the person died. ④ ▲ . For example, if there is plankton-very small animals and plants that live in water—in someone’s blood, it’s likely that the person died by drowning (溺死). ⑤These are the reasons why microbes are gaining more attention in crime-solving. These tiny helper can provide key information that help the police uncover the truth. 32．What does it refer to in Paragraph 2? A．The finger. B．The table. C．The body. D．The police. 33．Which sentence can be put in the “ ▲ ”? A．Microbes can help tell how the body grows. B．Microbes can help tell the temperature of the body. C．Microbes can help tell the reason of a person’s death. D．Microbes can help tell where a person died. 34．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Small Life B．The Silent Helper C．The Clever Police D．The Magic DNA 35．Which may be the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】32．A 33．C 34．B 35．A 【导语】本文介绍了微生物在破案中发挥的“无声助手”作用，包括通过微生物帮助警察找出犯罪嫌疑人、确定死亡时间以及死亡原因等。 32．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Just think about your finger. On a small part, one square centimeter, of it live 10,000 to one million different bacteria!”可知，此处的“it”指代的是前文提到的“finger”，即手指。故选A。 33．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“For example, if there is plankton-very small animals and plants that live in water—in someone's blood, it's likely that the person died by drowning (溺死).”可知，此段是在通过一个例子来说明微生物可以帮助判断一个人的死亡原因。因此选项C“Microbes can help tell the reason of a person's death.”符合此段的主题。故选C。 34．最佳标题题。根据文章第一段“The police regard them as the 'silent helper'. They 'see' crime (犯罪) in special ways and play a key role in helping the police finding out the truth.”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了微生物在破案中发挥的“无声助手”作用。选项B“The Silent Helper”最适合作为本文的标题。故选B。 35．篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，第一段介绍了微生物在破案中的总体作用，即作为“无声助手”；第二、三段具体介绍了微生物如何帮助警察找出犯罪嫌疑人和确定死亡时间；第四段通过一个例子进一步说明了微生物在判断死亡原因方面的作用；第五段总结了微生物在破案中受到更多关注的原因。因此，文章的结构应该是①/②③④/⑤，即第一段为总述，第二、三、四段为分述，第五段为总结。故选A。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$