内容正文:
名校学霸笔记英语
Some people think that the great Chinese schotar Confucius,7 Lived from
安列
roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the 8 (develop)of chopsticks.Confucius
betieved knives would remind people of kitlings and 9 (be)too violent for use at
the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most
people traditionally eat 10 their hands.
第五节
改
错
一、解恐步承
1.改猪类型与方法
短文改错错误大致可分为语法错误,洞汇错误和上下文关系错误,这
三类醋误大致涉及以下几个方面:
(1)一致性问题
短文改错所涉夏的一致性问题主要包#主谓一致,时态,语态一致」
代词指代一致,名词的数与格的一致,句式结构与语意一致,行文关系的
一致等。
【题】Today it is much easier to be heatthy than it is in the past.
【解析】有i切the past做提示,s应改为was使与时间状语in the past
一致,这属于时态一致问题。
(2)词性问题
词性问题不单单是识别的问总,能够说出所给单词的词性,这并不能
说明考生能在句中找此用猪词性的地方。考生应准确了解主要洞类的语法
作用及其在匀中的经常性位置。
①名洞
名词的错误是高考常没的改错项且之一。汉语中的名词在形式上没有
复数变化,而是通过在其前加数词来表示,英语则不间,除了在名洞前加
数词外,如果是可数名洞,还需要该名洞变成复数形式。查名词主要查凌
名词是蚕可数,与其修饰语是否一致。
【例】Cycling is said to be one of the finest from of exercise..
【解析】one of结构后的名词应用复数形式,故将form改为forms。
@代词
对于短文中出现的每一个代词静要查一下它所指代的内容及包中的作
用,注意其数、格、洞性是否正确和前后是否一致,常考的代洞包持人称
代词,指示代词,反身代词,关系代词及疑问代词等。
【例】He drove too fast,and the police stopped her.
198
第②愈⑦各种题型答题技巧
【解析】前面提到的he而后面却用her来代,这明显是偷换橘念,故
应将her改为him,
③冠词
列
英语中只有三个冠词,但用起来却很复杂,在短文改错中,错误不外
乎凌用冠洞时没有用,不该用时却用了,该用an却只用了a凌用an却只
用了the.
【例】I meant to write long letter and tetl you all the things.
【解析】(etter为可数名词,故write后应加a,
④介词
检查介词主要是查介洞与动词,形容词,名词的搭配,介词援用词组
等是否正确。
【例】I'm the happiest in al化.
【解析】此包想表达的意思是“线是所有人中最高兴的,故应将切改
为叶
⑤形容词与副词
主要错误是误用形容词,副词,改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔
细分析形容词或副词修饰什么,形式是香正确,是原级、比较级还是最高级。
【例】I had not interest in English.
【解析】interest是名词,应闲形容词no来修饰,而not是副词,副词
不抛修饰名词。
⑥短文改错中出现近词就要判断连词用的是否正确,是否符合句子意
思,连接的是词还是句子,是否符合逻辑关系。此外,如果是平付结构就
妻注意前后时态,语态,词性一致问恐。平付结构常借助于并列连词ad,
or,but,not onty...but atso.…,either..or.…as well as,neither...nor..等。
II As it has been raining there days,so we have decide to put off our sports
meeting.
【解析】由于前句有a5引导原因状语从包,因比后加s0是错误的,
应把s0去掉。
Wote:讷词的时态,语态储误
II And let you know when the book you want has returned and is ready for
生活好比旅
you to pick up.
付,理想是旅
【解析】根据本句语义,has后面加been,构成被动语态。
待的路线,失
Note2:易沉动词使用错误
去了路线,只
【例】I persuaded him to stop smoking,but he didn't(isten.
好停止前进。
【解新】persuade意为“说服”强调成功的结果,而根搭下文he
didn't Listen可知,动说并没有成功。故应改persuaded为adviced.
199
名校学霸笔记英语
Note3:非谓语动词使用错误
【例】We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party
【解析】(ook forward to中的to是介词,应加动名词,故应将see改为
seeing.
(3)周定词语搭配
主要考查介词与动词,名词,形容词的周定塔配,副词与动词的周定
搭配,常见错误有及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词,英
语中的一望周定句型和习援搭配等。
【例】My teacher advice me to keep my diary:
【解析】keep a diary是周定搭配,意思是“写日记“故应把m测改为a。
在短文改嗬中,这奏题型有一定难度,想要做好这类词语周定搭配,
就一定要注意和累更多的语音知识,扩大洞汇量,掌握丰富的英语短语,
了解更多的匀型结构和习惯表达,这样在考试中才脑做到游刃有余。
2.解恐步豫
(1)改前通读,强化语篇意识
在着手改特之前一定要肤迹阅读全文,这一步很关键,切忌拿来就改。
只有站在全文的高废上,通篇解读全文,了解短文大意,才舱灵通短文改
错,找出与语篇有关的错误并进行有效的改正。
(2)改中细读,注意语法,洞汇错误
在纠错时要仔细地读懂每一个句子,因为只有站在完整句子的角度才
能发现其中的错误。由于多数句子不是只占一行,所以只有读完整个匀子,
仔细分析,才能发现,纠正错误。
(3)改后复凌,到正失误,减少差错
做完短文改特后将答案放间原文,再重读全文,其目的主要是查看有
无不符合逻辑,语包不通物,不符合英语习惯的问题。改后复读,往往会
发现那些在通读与细读中不曹发现的问题或做出的误改。
二、解恐技巧
.在训练和考试中要严格按照体制要求和解恐说明,用规定的符号改
错,不要用文字去说明或用箭头表示,更不舱随意地在原总中乱标。
2.做总原则
(1)四不改
①单词拼写错误不改,
②大小写不改:
③标点符号不改
④词序错误不改(应从错词或少词方面考虑,
(2)五原则
200
第国⑦各种题型答题技巧
①忠实于原文原则(不改变原文的原意):
②错误以改动最少为原则,
③虚词以添加或删除为原则:
④实词以改变形式为原则:
⑤以多改少添加或删除为原则。
3.短文改猎口决
这世间,唯有
动词形,名词数:
好姑娘和理想
还要注意形容洞和副洞,
不可抛。
非谓语,细辨别,
习慢用法要记住(习惯搭配,国定短语中介洞的用法);
句子成分多分析(不同句子成分要用不同的词类):
逻辑醋误需关注(上下是否一致):
冠洞连词常光顾。
4,短文改错检壹方句
(1)查看时态是否一致。
【例】My favorite s印ort is footbat化.I was a member of our footba(化team.
【解析】全文都是用的一般现在时,此句中的Was显然与上下文语境
不符,应改为am。
(2)查看主谓是否一致。
【例】Anyone may borrow books,and it cost nothing to borron them,
【解析】cost应改为cost5,因其主语是t(为形式主语),且上下文均
为一般现本时。
(3)查指代是香一致。
II The Smiths did his best to make me feet at home.
【解析】句中的主语the Smiths表的是Smith一家人,因此指示代词
hs应议为their。
(4)查平特结构是否平付一致。
and,or,but,either...or....neither...nor....not onty...but atso...,as wett
a5等并列连词和洞组连接的结构可称为平付结构。
【例】It was very kind of them to meet me at the raitway station and drove
me to their home.
【解析】句中的drove显然与and前面的to meet不平行,应改为
drive
(5)查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是香一致。
【例】We study guite a few subject,such as Maths,Chinese.
【解析】quite a few只舱修饰复数名词,故subject应改为subjects。
201
名校学霸笔记英语
(6)查付文逻辑是否一致。
【阙】Most people can quickly get hetp from a doctor or9 o to a hospitat
since they are itt.
【解析】根掃行文逻辑,这里不应该由since来引导原风状语从句,而
应凌是when/whenever或计来】导时间或条件状语从句。
5.十大常见鳍误
短文改错是有一定的规律可循的,纵观近几年的高考试短及我们平常
的模拟考试,可以发现短文改错主要有以下十大错误:
(1)形容词与副词的误用
如exciting与excited,hard与hard(y,possible与possib(y,here与there
等,以及形容洞与副词的比较级与最高级。
(2)名词的单复数误用
如在severat,many,various,different,afew,one of等之后,第用名
词的复数,在every与each之后常用单数。
(3)代词的误用
如you与your,it's与ts,t与they或them,one与ones,要格(如
me)与友身代词(如m刚self)等的误用。
(4)介词的误用、缺少或多余
第见的如in与on,to与for,instead与instead of,because与because
叶等的误用。
(5)时态的错误
看一篇文章,要有一种大局观,要上前下控,看看上下文的时态是香
一致。
(6)连词的误用。
如or与and的误用,and与but的误用,so与but的误用,because或
since与so连用,though与but连用等。
(7)第三人称单数后的动洞形式。
(8)一些周定结构的误用
如so..that被误用作very.that,too…to被误用vey…to,asas被误
作s0as等。
(9)定语从句中关系词的误用。
(10)一些常用词的误用。
如what与how,except与besides,any与some以及它们的合成词如
anything与something,anywhere与somewhere等混淆不清。
6.例短
(2016浙江)短文改猎(共10小题:每小题1分,满分10分
202
第②愈⑦各种题型答题技巧
下面短文中有10处语言错误。清在有错误的地方增加、删减或修改
某个单词。
增加:车缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ),并在其下面写上该加的洞。
刷除,把多余的词用斜线(/)划掉。
修改:在猎的词下别一棘线,并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意:
(山)每处精误及其修致均仅限一词:
(2)只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
例如
It was very nice to get your invitation to spendweekend with you.
the
Luckity I was completely free then,so I'tt to say "yes".I'tt arrive in Bristot
am
at around 8:00 p.m.in Friday evening.
on
When I was a very young children,my father created a regular practice I
remember wett years late.Every time he arrived home at end of the day ,we'd greet
her at the door.He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us,Then he and
my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would tatk
about his day and hers.White they chat,my father would (ift my sister and me up to
士人读书,第
sit in the top of the fridge.It was both excited and frightening to be up there
一要有志,第
My sister and I thought he was so coot for putting us there.
二要有识,第
【答策】
三要有恒。有
When I was a very young chitdren,my father created a regular practice I
志,则断不甘
child
为下流。有识,
则知学问无
remember wett years Late.Every time he arrived home at n end of the day,
尽,不敢以一
Later
the
得自是;如河
we'd greet her at the door.He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing
怕之观海,如
hi游
were
know
井蛙之窥天,
us,Then he and my mother would have had a drink white she prepared dinner
尝无见识也。
and they would tatk about his day and hers.While they chat,my father would
有恒,则断无
chatted
不成之事。
Lift my sister and
此三者缺一不
me up to sit in the top of the fridge.It was both excited and frightening to be
可。
on
exciting
up there
203
名校学霸笔记英语
My sister and I thought he was so coot for putting us there.
【解析】
第一处:children改为chi(d。考查名词单复数。根据1和a可知,这
里应用可数名词单数形式,故改为chid
第二处,(ate改为(ater。根据语境可知,此处表示“很多年后”,
故改为(ater,
第三处,end前添加the。考查冠洞。此处at the end of是周定洞组,
表示“在…的最后”。
第四处,her改为im。考查代词。根据上文的he可知,此处应浅为
him.
第五处:was改为were。考查主调一致。根据we可知,谓语动洞应凌
用复数形式,故改为were.
第六处:knowing改为know。考查动词。pretend(not)to do sth.“假
装(不)做莱事”,此处是不定式,后面需要用动词原形,故改为w.
第七处:去掉had。考查动词。根据语境和下文的“would talk”可知,
此处应凌用wou(ddo结构。
第入处:chat改为chatted。考查时态。根据本文的整体时态可知,应
用一般过去式,故改为chatted。
第加处,切改为on,考查介词。0 n the top of是国定词组,表示“在"
的上面”。
第十处,excited改为excitin测。考查形容洞。根据语境和主语为It可知,
此处表示“令人激动的”,故用刚形式的形容洞。
三、练习超
【练一】(2017全国Ⅱ)
When I took at this picture of myself.I realize of how fast time flies.I
had grown not only physically,and atso mentally in the past few years.About one
month after this photo was took,I entered my second year of high schoot and become
a new member of the schoot music club.Around me in picture are the things they
were very important in my life at that time:car magazines and musicat instruments.
I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes,playing pop music,and
204
第②愈⑦各种题型答题技巧
collecting the late music albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy
memories of your high schoot days.
&
【练二】(2017全国1)
In the summer hotiday following my eighteen birthday,I took driving tessons.
书读得越多而
不加思索,你
I stitt remember how hard first day was.Before getting into the car,I thought I
就会觉得你知
道得很多,而
had learned the instructor's orders,so once I started the car,my mind goes blank,
当你读书而思
考得越多的时
I forgot what he had said to me altogether.The instructor kept repeating the word,
候,你就会越
清楚地看到,
你知道得还很
“Speed upl”“Stow down!'”“Turning(eft!”I was so much nervous that I
少。
could hardly tett which direction was teft.A few minutes late,the instructor
asked me to stop the car.It was a retief and I came to a suddendy stop just in the
middle on the road.
【练三】(2017全国1)
Mr.and Mrs.Zhang att work in our schoot.They tive far from the schoot,and
it takes them about a hour and a haif to go to work every day.In their spare time,
they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop
of their house.They often get up eartier and water the vegetables together.
Theyhave atso bought for some gardening tools.Beside,they often get some usefut
informations from the Internet.When summer came,they witt invite their students
pick the vegetables
205练习题答策
I.and考查连词。China,Japan,,Korea,Vietnam是并列关系。
2.be made考查语态。根据句意联子是被制进的。
02
3.to create考查动词不定式。作目的状语。
列
4.us刚考查分词。现在分词作状语。
5.as/when考查连词。as/when“当……时,随着”
6 graduat(y考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词。
7wh知考查定语从园。后面是非恨制性定语从句,先行词指人,故
用who。
8.development考查名词。比处应用名词作动词的要语。
9.were考查时态和动词。此处were是与wou(d remind并列的谓语动词。
10,with考查介词。周定短语:with one's hands用某人的手。
十七、改销
练一【答豪与解析】
71,删去of考查介词。reali2e是及物动河,后面接要语时不需要介词。
72.had改为have考查动词时态。根福时间状语in the past few years判
断用说本完成时。
73.and改为but考查连词。周定短语not ont(y ...but a(so
74.took改为taken考查动词。根据包义可知此处表示被动含义,故把
took改为taken.
75.become改为became考查动词时态。根据and前面的动词entered判蓟
凌应凌用一般过去式。
76.在picture前面加the/this考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应
该有限定词,根据包义可知在picture前加the/this.
77.they→that/which考查定语从句。they不能引导定语从包,因为
指代things,所以把they改为that或者which.
78.difference→different考查形容词。修饰名词kinds应凌用形容词形
式。
79.(ate→(atest考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知此处指最勒的音
乐唱片,故把(ate改为(atest.
无买买之志
80.yur→my考查代词。根据句意可知此处是找高中时代生活的美好
者,无昭昭之
间忆,战把your改为m刚
明:无每昏之
事者,无赫赫
练三【答豪与解析】
之功。
I.eighteen改成eighteenth,.改序数词。
2.first改成the first,.序数词、最高级前定指。
261
名校学霸笔记英语
3.50改成but,时态相反,后⑧转折。
4,goes改成went,时态错用。
5.Word改成words,可数名洞没加s.
6.Turnin9改成Turn,祈使包接原形动词。
7.so much nervous去掉much重复。
8.A few minutes(ate改成(ater.
9 suddenty改成sudden,,名词前用形容词做定语。
l0.on改成of,周定搭配,i切the midd以e on the road,.in the midd(.eof.
练三【答象与解析】
考查记叙文,本文主要讲了张先生和张太太的日常工作和生活。
I,a(改为both:考查both和a(的用法,both指两者,而a(以指三
者或者三者以上,故将al以改为both.
2.a改为an或one:考查冠词,因为hour音标里第一个因素是元音,
所以应用an,故将a改为an或者one.
3.interesting改为interested:考查形容词,由于此句的主语是人,而
interesting的主语是物,故将interesting改为interested.
4.hat改为which:考查非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从包需要
用which引导,故将that改为which..
5.ear(ier改为early考查副词,earlier是形容词比较级,这里没有比较,
故将ear(ier改为early.
6.将for去掉:考查动词,b0ught是及物动词,后无需跟介词,故将
for去掉。
7.Beside改为Besides:考查连接词,beside是介洞,“在……旁边”,
而这里需要一个连接词“除此之外”,故将beside改为Besides..
8.in时ormations改为information:考查名词,n时ormation是不可数名词,
故将informations致为information..
9.came改为comes:考查时态,本文全篇为一般现在时,故将came改
为come5.
I0.pick改为to pick:.考查动词,vite sb to do sth..是周定塔配,故将
Pick前加上to.
十八、书面表达
.【满分苑文】
Dear Lestie,
How are you?Glad to see you have made some progress in Chinese tearning and
262