第2节 阅读填空-高中英语学霸笔记

名校学霸笔记英语 (13)判断与评价：comment,juge(judgment),remark,access,assessment, evaluate,evaluation,objective subjective 5.情感 (l）高兴：delight\delighted),pleasure,cheer(cheerful),burst into(aughter, in high spirits happiness joy(enjoy overjoyed),amuse(amused,amusing), taugh(taughter),please(pleased),at ease with ease,in retief,brighten up, Light up,cheer up,Loosen up,Lift up,merry thritling (2）悲伤：burst into tears,(ow spirits,sadness,SOTTOW,unhappy,bitter, depression tear (3)感动，affect,move(moved,moving),touch(touched,touching) （4）奇：curious,shock,wonder amazed,amazing,astonish,astonished, astonishing,surprise,surprised,surprising,in amazement,in astonishment (5):comfort,satisfy(satisfaction,satisfied),be content with,proud (6):honor,emotion,emotional,feeding,passion,enthusiastic,excite, excitement exciting excited,puzzle,confused,confusing awkward,embarrass, embarrassed,embarrassing beyond words (7）t忧虑，anxious,arxiety,bother,upset,pressure,stress,tense,tension, nervous(nerve),worry(worried) (8):afraid,fear,alarm,frighten(frightened),horrible,terrible (terrified,terror),tremble,panic,scare (scared),scream,shadow,be scared to death,dreadful （9)愤怒：(ose one's temper,annoy(annoyed),anger(an9ry）,mad, furious,hot-tempered,irritate (10)失望，9 ive up,tet somebody down,(ose heart,bored(boring）, disappoint,disappointed,disappointing discourage,desperate,hopetess (11)意撼：shame(ashamed),Pity,regret(regretfu(),SoTTy (12)其他：mood,envy,hesitate,Te(ief(re(ieve）,sympathy,beyond one's expectations,hold back,jeatous 第二节 阅读填空 一、解题步淼 ,阅读填空题的特点 (1)选材特点，短文一毅00词左右的说明文或议论文，其中正文 词数240左右，选项词数60左右。 (2)短文篇章结构常为：提的，问题一一解决问题。 158 第国⑦各种题型答题技巧 (3)七个远项意义上都与短文相关，没空类型一般有标题段、段落 主题类、过渡问类、细节类。 (4)选项均为完整句子，句型不一。 (5)收序通常按长度排列。 2.阅读镇空总的解题步豫 (1)通读全文（确定中心、层次、结构）： (2)洋读段落（明确主题司或主怡大意）： (3)定位选项（主怡瓶持句，过渡句，注释性匀子要注意，以偏橘 全或特别绝对化的一般可排除)： (4)通读复查（缝贯合理，一致性）： (5)确定选项及理由（确定答案）。 二、解恐技巧 1.通行的解短策略 (1)从意义上判断 做题是最重要的是读懂空伯前后的包子，明但这几包话的确切意思， 然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答集。在读懂意思的基 础上，利用线索词等进一步确认答豪。 (2)从洞汇上锁定线索 做题时很重要的一点是保特对一些线索词的敏感，最重要的线索词是 空伯前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找间义词、近义词、 反义词或表示洞一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间或年代 的词、地，点、名称等专有名词。尤其是在凌不懂句子的情况下，刻用这样 的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。 (3)从关联词上查找 表示并列或递进关系的词，一般表示前后句子的名词或包意具有间指 性：表示转折或让秀关系的词往往表示前后包子的名词间指，但问意对立， 或褒贬对立或肯定否定对立，表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之 后有表迷桃念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复迷名词的现，常见的关联词 及有关联作用的复词或短语如下： ①并列或递进关系：and,or,also,neither7.,nor.,either.,or.,(ikewise 知道自乙知道 similarly,equally in the same way,that is to say as wett as,besides,the 什么，也知道 same...as,additionally,moreover,furthermore,in addition to,what is more 自乙不知道什 ②因果关系：because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so, 么，这就是真 so...that,conseguently accordingly due to,thanks to,as a resutt,in that, 正的知识。 because of,for this reason,of course等。 ③转折或让步关系：but,however,yet,by contrast,on the contrary,on 159 名校学霸笔记英语 the other hand,white unfortunately whereas,unlike rather than,instead of,it is ture that atthough,though,even though,even if,nevertheless,despite,in spite of等。 ④时间关系：afterward,at first,at(ast,finat(g,first,first(y, in the first place,to start with,in the meantime,last,Later,next second, second(y,then,third,to begin with以及一些具体的时间等。 2.特殊的解短技巧 (1)如果问题在毅首 ①通常是较落主题匀： ②与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等， ③较落间的过渡包。 (2)如果问题在毅尾 ①空伯前的前一句或前两句是重，点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键健词： ②通常是结论、裤特性语句： ③与前文是转折或对地关系， ④与前文是并列或排比关系： ⑤所选答案是引幽下一较的内容： ⑥如果第一较的役尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。 (3)如果问题是一整个自然较 ①这个较落应该是承上启下，而且自成一体 ②着重阅读前一段结尾和后一投开头的一两句查找相关线索： ③分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性。 (4)例题(2016全国1) Secret codes (keep messages private.bank,companies,and government agencies use secret code in doing business,especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years.36 Code breaking never tags()far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is calted cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography.37 For example,the first Letters are "My elephant eats too many eets"spelt out the hidden message "Meet me." 38 You might represent each letter with a number,for example,let's number the Letters of the aiphabet,in order,from I to 26.If we substitute a number for each(etter,.the message“Meet me'”wou(d read“13520135”, A code uses symbots to replace words,phrases,or sentences.To read the 160 第隐®○各种题型答题技巧 message of a reat code,you must have a code book.39 For example,"bridge" might stand for“meet"and“out”might stand for“me”.The message“bridge out”would actually mean“Meet me”,40 However,it is also hard to heep a code book secret for tong.So codes must be changed freguently. A.It is very hard to break a code without a code book. B.In any (anguage,some (etters are used more than others. 战也愿学习蝴 C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message. 蝶，一再的蜕 D.As tong as there have been codes,people have tried to break them. 变，一再的祝 E.You can hide a message by having the first Letters of each word spett it 愿，既不思虑， out. 也不彷徨，既 F.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other 不回税，也不 woTas. 忧伤。 G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbots to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 【答案】 36.D 37.E 38.G 39.F 40.A 【解析】本文主要介绍了与密码学相关的一些情况。 36.根格后面一句"Code breaking never(ags(落后)far behind code making,.”可知，此空格选D。(只要密码的存在，人们就会试图去破解它们) 37.根据后一包的“For examp-(e,the first(etters are'Mye(ephant eats too many ee(-s'spelt out the hidden message‘Meet me'".可知，此空凌选E. (你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息) 38.上一投介绍了菜一种密码类型，本投介绍的是第二种类型。再根 据空后的内容可知，空处选G。(另外一种隐藏停息的方式是用符号来代 表字母表中的特定字母) 39.由前一包的“a code book'"知空后的“bridge might stand for.…meet"可知， 此空凌选F。(有了密码书，你就可以写下代表其他半词的词) 40.本级介绍的是密码书，根据空后的转折可知，此处该选A。(没 有密码书是很难破解密码的) 三、练习题 【练一】(2018：全国】)根据短文内容，从短文后的远项中选的能填 入空但处的最使选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 161 名校学霸笔记英语 Color is fundamentat in home design-something you'1t always have in every room.A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'it love to (ive in.Do you want a room that's futt of (ife? Professional?Or are you just Looking for a place to relax after a long day?36, cofor is the key to making a room feet the way you want it to feet. Dver the years,there have been a number of different technigues to heip designers approach this important point.37,they can get a little complex.But good news is that there're really ondy three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the smatl ones,the medium ones,and the targe ones. 38 They're the Little spots of color Like throw pillows,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visuat interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your watts and less expensive than buying a colorfut sofa,smatt color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easity changeable. Medium cotor choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tables or bookshelves.39.They require a bigger commitment than smatter ones,and they have a more powerfut effect on the feeting of a space. The large cofor decisions in your rooms concern the walis,ceilings,and floors.Whether you're Looking at watlpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant.40. A.While att of them are usefut B.Whatever you're Looking for C.If you're experimenting with a color D.Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with E.It's not really a good idea to use too many smatt color pieces F.So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first time G.Color choices in this range are a step up from the smatt ones in two major mays 【练二】(2018·全国I）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出骷填 入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you are atready making the time to exercise,it is yood indeed!With such busy tives,it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is improved.Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.37 Your metabo(ism(新陈代谢）gets a head start38 If you work out in the 162 昂隐®○各种题型答题技巧 mornings,then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里）burning benefits for the whote day,not in your steep. 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise stept better than a those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you,so it is more difficutt to retax and have a peacefui steep when you are very excited. 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning,you will be more tikely to stick to heatthy food choices throughout the day.Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food?You will want to continue to focus on positive choices. There are a lot of benefits to working out,especiatly in the mornings.Set your atarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!You wilt feet energized alt day tong. A.You wil!stick to your diet. B.Your quality of sleep improves. C.You prefer heatthy food to fast food. D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning E.You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise. F.After you exercise,you continue to burn catories throughout the day. G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly,or you're doing it now,then Listen up. 【练三】(2018：全国Ⅲ) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选 项中有两项为多余选项。 Before there was the written word,there was the language of dance.Dance expresses love and hate,joy and sorrow,tife and death,and everything etse in between. 天性好地种 36 We dance from Florida to Alaska,from north to south and sea to sea.We dance at weddings,birthdays,office parties and just to fitt the time. 子，它既能长 成春花，也可 "I adore dancing,"says Lester bridges,the owner of a dance studio in 能长成毒草。 Iowa."I can't imagine doing anything etse with my life."Bridges runs dance 人们应当时时 classes for att ages."Teaching dance is wonderfut.37 It's great to watch them. 检查，以培养 For many of them,it's a way of meeting people and having a social life." 前者而拔除后 38 "I can telt you about one young couple,"says Bridges."They're 者。 learning to do traditional dances.They arrive at the class in tow spirits and they Leave with a smite.39 163 名校学霸笔记英语 So,do we dance in order to make oursetves feet better,caimer,heaithier? Andrea Hillier says, "Dance,Like the pattern of a beating heart,is Life.Even after att these years,I want to get better and better.40 I find it hard to stop!Dancing reminds me I'm alive." A.So why do we dance? B.Dance in the U.S.is everywhere. C.If you Like dancing outdoors,come to America. D.My older students say it makes them feet young. E.I keep practicing even when I'm extremely tired. F.Dancing seems to change their feeling completely. G.They stayed up att night tong singing and dancing. 第三节完形填空 一、解恐步豫 ,完形填空 (1)以叙为主，叙议结合 (2)需章短小，意义完整： (3)首包完整，主题明豫： (4)结构清晰，层次分明： (5)考察语境，侧重辨祈： (6)实词为主，虚词为辅： (7)逻辑推理，稳于语篇： (8)常汉语法，每年的说。 2.完形填空解题步豫 完形填空解短步淼：通荒一一试填一一复核。 (1)通荒一一通读全文，把握大意 快迹阅读一下全文，通过通竟全文，领会大意，概略地了解文章的体 裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。 (2)试填一一紧扣文意，瞻前颀后 先易后堆，逐层深入。紧拉全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑 推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意洞汇的意义，搭配、援用法、语法· 第识等多个角度进行综合考虑。 (3)复核一一全面检查，懒保语义连贯，用词准确 试填后，要把全文再通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空伯处后能查做 164名校学霸笔记英语 Britain,节目中她向观众展示如何车预算紧张的情况下准备美味的营养餐， 凌节目可以让观众花最少的钱却仍可以品尝美食。对这一内容进行浪缩提 炼和裤柱，Cooking9Wel(for Less作为最往标总贴切到位，故选D. 十三、阅读理解一一观点态度题练习题 【答象 67.C 68.c 69.A 70.B 【解析】以父母对于上大学的成年子女过度保护的问越为例，提的了 斜技带来的一垫改变容易被误认为态度的改变的论点。 67.细节超 由第二段第二句“Surveys(查)on this topic s4 ggests that parents today continue to be'very'or'somewhat'overly protective even after their child ren move into college dormitories.”可知如今的父母即使孩子己经上了大学， 还是会“非常”或者“有点”过度保护他们的孩子。故正确答案为C。 68.观点态度总。第三较作者提出调查的结果并不能理解为现在的家 长对孩子不放手，接下来的两较作者论迷了出现这种结果的真正原因是 料技的发展使得交流手较更丰富，成本更低廉。见第四投最后一包“从a叫 studies show that older parents-today's grandparents-would have catled their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier." 一较更是再次强调了这种观点。故逸C。 69,主自大意题。由第一较第二园话得出。这种斜技的改变容易被误 认为态度的改变。第25较过论到底是斜技还是态度的改变。第6投再次 明确表示是斜技的改变。故选A。 70.文章结构越。文章第一段是introduction,第二投是第一个论点， 指此父母在子女生活中参与度提高的现象。第三投是第二个论点（关键 词However),指出通过调查并不能推断出父母未能对子女放手，分论点 一是斜技的进步导致父母对子女生活更多的参与，分论点、二（关键洞 Furthermore).是子女经济不独立导致父母对子女生活的过多参与。最后一 段总结。故选B。 十四、阅读填空 练一【答案与解析】 36.B 堂格前提到，或者你只是在寻找一个辛劳一天之后的休息之所，B项： 254 练习题答策 无论你在寻找什么，与上文特接紧密，所以进B。 37.A 空格前提到，多年来，己经有许多不同的工艺来帮助没计者警握这 要点，空格后提到，他们可能有点复杂，A项，尽管它们都很有用，承上启下， 所以选A。 38.D 兰甚似乎君 D项中，Smatl color choices,符合语境，所以选D。 子，生于深山 39.G 薄丛之中，不 空格前提到中等颜色运择，通常指家具，无沙发，餐来，韦架等，C 为无人而不 项此类颜色选泽是通过两种主要方式，对小型颜色选择的升级，承接上文， 芳，雪霜凌厉 所以选G。 而见杀，来岁 40.F 不改其性也。 F项：园为你想一次就把毒情做好，所以付出肯定是值得的，是对上 一句的进一步解释，所以选F。 练二【答豪与解析】 36.G 空格前一包讲，在如何繁牡的生活中很难找到时间进行搬炼，空格后 一句讲早上粮炼身体，除了保持身体健康外，还有另外的好处，C项“如 果你正在汁别，要有规律的训练，或者正在懒炼，那么清注意听”，与上 下文树接紧密，所以选G。 37.E 空格前讲鞭炼骷使你更清醒，让随时准备好处理你将遇到的任何事情， E项：嫩炼后，你可以保特头脑清醒4到10个小时，与上文连接紧密， 所以选E。 38.F 空格后讲，如果你在早上搬炼，邸么你将一整天都在燃烧卡路里，而 在睡眠中，你的卡路里是不会燃烧的，F项中，搬炼后，你一整天都在燃 烧卡路里，符合语境，所以选F。 39.B 空格处是本较首句裤持本投的主旨，空格后一包讲研完发现，早起搬 炼的人比晚上搬炼的人睡得更好，由此可知本段主要介绍早上搬炼，可以 改善睡眠质量，B项“你的睡眠质量提高了”桃持本段主台，故选B。 40.A 空格处是本较包首，橘特本投主冶，空格后讲，如果你在清晨搬炼， 你将更有可舱坚持在一整天递择健康的食物，A项你将坚特节制饮食，裤 255 名校学霸笔记英语 持本较主台，所以遮A。 列 练三【答案与解析】 36.B 空格后介绍的是从佛罗里达到阿拉斯加，从地到南，不管是始礼生日 聚会还是办公室聚会，人们都会跳舞，由此可推知，舞踏在美国无处不在， 所以选B。 37.D D项年龄较大的学生说跳舞是他们感觉年轻了，符合语境，所以远D。 38.A 本较介绍了一对年轻夫妇的故事，他们通过跳舞不再情绪低落了，开 始面带微笑，由此可推知作者，用这个例子来说明我们跳舞的原困，故选A。 39.F 根据空格前的内容可知，郡对年轻夫妇来的时候情绪低落，走的时候 却满面带微笑，由此可知，跳舞似乎完全改变了他们的心情，所以选F。 40.E E项即使是在线们过废劳累的时候，也坚特练习舞踏，符合语境，所 以选E。 十五、宽形填空 练一【答巢与解析】 本文讲迷了中国歌手胡彦斌成名的历程及其取得的成就。 1.D make a wish用定词组，意为“（在心中）许下心愿”。 2.B clever意为“聪明的”，talented意为“有天斌的”，determined意为“坚 决的，决定了的”；fear《ess意为“无所最惧的”。联系上下文可知，这 个有天赋的男孩成功了，因为他的才华。 3.D come炉意为“的现，流行，发生”，come over意为“过来”，come about意为“发生，产生”，come out意为“出版，发行，出来”。此句的 意思是：他的第一张专辑的版了。 4.C Tea2e意为“认识到，了解”，dismiss意为“解觳，下课，开除”， release意为“释放，解放，发付”，9ain意为“得到，获制，增加”。此 句的意思是他是第一个在大陆、香港、台湾同步发待个人专辑的大祛艺人。 256