第1节 阅读理解-高中英语学霸笔记

第②®各种题型答题技巧 第一节 阅读理解 02 一、解恐步豫 列 在阅渎理解过程中，常用的方法有顺序法、逆向法、标注法、摘录法， 每人做题方式和习援不门，主要是找到适合自己的办法，提高效率，可将 这种方法定型为一种模式，并进行训练，以提高自乙的进度和熟练度。 1,通读全文，掌握大意 快迹阅读全文，抓住文中停息，这称为5m,其目的是了解文章内容， 明确主题思想，找准主线，零握大意，力求对文章各层次各较落间的逻辑 关系有一个明确的认汉。如记叙文常在开头交代出背景，然后以人物活动 的时间、地点为线索展开情节。说明文则应注意其中心主题以及围绕中心 所做的闲述，以弄清层次。对于困表、广告、通知、常见标志等可采用逆 句法：先看试题，然后有针对性地进行扫读，对相关倍息进行快迹定位。 2.问题先行，阅读随后 即先看问题再读文章。阅读恐十，首先妻弄清问题的类型，分清是客 观倍息恐还是主观判断题。客观倍息题可以从文章中直接找到答案：而主 观判断越考查的是对章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的 主题的理解等。答短时画出趣干中的关键词，一般需要画出的有： (1)时间，年份，如：in1998,first,second.… (2)大写的单词，如：人名、地名、组织机构等，并且在该词上方 用缩写的大写字母表示，可加迹阅读及定位，如将M试itary Medal缩写为 M从；Frederic Jo(iot缩写成FJ, (3）表逻辑关系的词，如because,so,before,after,first,then. (4)中心词（一个问题的中心洞）。 e.g.What was a new use for wind power in the late 19th century? (5)香定含义的词，如avoid,not,negative. 3.仔细中恐，重点再资 观案试题题干，做到“心中有数”，然后以特定的倍息为目的重点 假如有一天战 再浪，这称为scan。此时要特别注意这些题干中每个问疑的主语，疑问句 必频爬着离开 球场，线也绝 词及重要的渭语，重点注意以下词语，not,unless,without,on the other hand 对不会让人把 except,rather than,atthough as wett,atways ,never att 找抬出去，没 4.逐总找答案 有人能把找抬 (1)根格题干中画出的关键词，肤迹重复一递，这次要做到记忆题 出去，永地也 目和关键词，然后开始在文章中定位，定位采用精读、略读相结合的方式 不可能。 方法。 （2)精读：文章首尾役，每投首尾包。 127 名校学霸笔记英语 转折词：but,however..… 时间：n2008.… 最高级，序数词，the most,first… 地较词：more than,(ess than,different from… 香定词，not,negative,never,without,avoid.… 某些连洞：only,once,not.but.… (2)略读 举例子：for example后的不用读。 冒号后包子表示解释说明，除非没看懂前面的意思，否则一般可略渎。 破折号，问冒号。 较落中间园：略资。 插入语：即“逗号与逗号”之间的。 5.分析险证，确定答裹 纵观全文，脸证答案是解答阅读理解短的最后一步。 二、解恐技巧 1,细节理解超 (1)介绍 细节理解恐主要涉及短文的各种具体细节，如时间，地点，原困，结 果，方式等。 这类题的一个共间特点是答案一般都舱在文章中直接找到，但有时出 题人为了增加短且的难度，会有意避开文中所用洞汇，南用这些洞的同义 洞。在这种情况下，要根檐题干涉及的细节，定位文中相关出处，再对此 选项回答。 (2)标志性句子 Which of the following statements is true/false? Which of the fotlowing is (not)mentioned? Which of the fotlowing shows the right order of...? Which of the correct order of the following events? What does the author mention? What is (not)mentioned in the passage? What do we know about...? From the passage,we (earn that... According to the passage,the writer... The writer says.… (3)例总 (2018全国I,A) 128 第®⑦各种题型答题技巧 Washington.D.C Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington.D.C. Duration:3 hours This smatt group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide wilt provide a history tesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. 找从不惧怕任 Reserve your spot before availability ()-the cherry blossoms-disappear! 何对手，只怕 Washington Capitat Monuments Bicycle Tour 对手不够强 Duration:3 hours(4 miles) 大。 Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most poputar monuments in Washington,D.C.Explore the monuments and memoriats on the Nationat Malt as your guide shares unigue facts and history at each stop.Guided tour inctudes bike, he(met,cookies and bottled water. Capitat City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and tocats tooking to experience Washington,D.C.in a heatthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents,Congress,memoriats,and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route()make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours (7 miles) Join a smatl group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memoriats as you bike the sites of Capitot Hitt and the Nationat Malt.Freguent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unigue facts and history.Tour inctudes bike,hetmet,and bottled water.Alt riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety (ights. 21.Which tour do you need to book in advance? A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington.D.C. B.Washington Capitat Monuments Bicycle Tour. C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C. D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 22.What witl you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A.Meet famous people. B.Go to a nationat park. C.Visit wett-known museums. 129 名校学霸笔记英语 D.Enjoy interesting stories. 23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A.City maps. B.Cameras. C.Meats. D.Safety Lights. 【答集 21,A 22.D 23.D 【解祈】 本文属于广告布告类阅读，文章层次分明，结构紫凑。文章围绕“华 盛软特区自行车之旅”介绍了半盛顿的四条骑行路线，同时又具体介绍了 每条骑行路线的骑行时间，骑行路线及特色等相关信息。做这类趣材阅读 理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做总时结合原文和越目有计对性的找出 相关语匀进行仔细分析，结合选项选脸正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓 住关键包子的基础上合理的分析才舱得出正确答集，切忌胡乱猜测，一定 要做到有理有裙。 2l,本题属于细节理解题。题干“Which tour do you need to book切 advance?”中，book为“订购”之意，切advance意思是“提前”。整个句 子的意思是，“哪越旅行你需要提前预订？”根格Cherry B(os5 om Bike Tour in Washington,,D.C.中的Reserve your spot before availability符合恐于，before availability知in advance间意。对应包Reserve your spot before availabi试ity the cherry b(ossoms-disappear!的句意为：可知餐花消失之前要提前预汀自 乙的位置，故A项正确。 22.本越属于细节理解毯。超干给出的校心信息on the Capital City Bike Tour可以定位到Knowledgeable guides wi试l entertai切you with the most interesting stories about Presidents,Congress,memoria(s,and parks处，其包意 为：知识渊博的导游会给你带来最有趣的关于总统、国会、纪念馆和公园 的故事，裤柱表达与D项一致，故D项正确。 23.本短属于细节理解越。根据题干的所给信息，定位到the bicycle tour at nigh Alt riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety Lights, 其包意为：所有骑手都配有反光背心和安全灯，这与D项吻合，故D项正确。 (4)练习题(2018全国1I) Summer Activities Students should read the list with their parents/carers,and setect two 130 第愈⑦各种题型答题技巧 activities they would like to do.Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to schoot.Before choices are finalised, parents/carers witt be asked to confirm their child's choices. Member of Activity Deseription Cost staff Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week discover new personat gualities,and learn new skills.You Dutdoor wilk be able to take part in a number of Adventure Mr.Clemens ￡140 activities from canoeing to wild camping (oUT) on Dartmoor.Learn rock climbing and work as a team,and enjoy the great outdoor environment. On Monday we travet to London.After staying overnight in London,we traved on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields.On Day3 we WWI cross into Belgium.Thursday sees us Battlefields Mrs.Witson ￡425 and Paris make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park,staying (WBP) untit late to see the parade and the fireworks.Dur finat day,Friday,sees us visit central Paris and tour the main 也许有天我会 sights. 停下脚步休 息，在一曲平 丽的挽歌声 Four days of product design centred around 中，畅在找的 Craft textiles.Making lovely objects using 墓碑下，那将 Foxes recycled and made materials,bags,cushions Mrs.Goode ￡30 会成为全世界 (CRF) and decorations...Learn skilts and Leave 篮球迷心中的 with modern and unusual textiles. 一座丰碑。 131 名校学霸笔记英语 Visit Warner Bros Studio,shop stop to buy picnic,stay overnight in an approved Potty Youth Hostel in Sreatiey-on-Thames, about quided tour of Oxford to see the fitm Miss Drake ￡150 Potter Locations,picnic (unch outside Oxford's (POT) Christchurch,boating on the River Cherwetk through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter. 21.Which activity witl you choose if you want to go camping? A.OUT B.WBP C.CRF D.POT 22.What witt the students do on Tuesday with Mrs Witson? A.Travel to London B.See a parade and fireworks. C.Tour centrat Paris D.Visit the WWI battlefields 23.How Long does Potty about Potter last? A.Two days. B.Four days. C.Five days D.One week. (5)命总规律 ①创季处常考 列拳处指的是First,Second,Third等并列词出现的地方。妻求从列拳 的内容中选出符合恐干要求的答案项。列举有时不用数字排列，而是采用 句式排地的方式。如下： Then I got married with another dream:building my family with a combination of adopted and biological children.In 1999,we adopted our first son.To tay eyes on him was fantastic-and very emotionat.A year later came our second adopted boy.Then followed son No.3.In 2003,I gave birth to another boy. ②本例和比喻处常考 为了使自乙的观点更具说服力，更加明确，作者常以具体的例子或 比喻来论证。这些例子或比喻会成为考点，图此考生应凌注意那些引出例 子或比喻的标志词，这类词很多，常见的有，as,such as,for example,for instance,a case in point等，如， "Mum,what does it mean when someone telis you that they have a skeleton(骨略)in the closet?"Jessica asked.“A skeleton in the closet?”Her mother paused thoughtfuily."Welt,it's something that you would rather not have anyone etse now about.For example,if in the past,someone in Dad's family had been arrested for stealing a horse,it would be 'a sketeton in his 132 第②愈⑦各种题型答题技巧 family's closet'.He really wouldn't want any neighbor to know about it." According to Jessica's mother,"a skeleton in the closet"means. A.a family honor B.a family secret B.a family story C.a family treasure 【答豪】B 【解析】 现在他们确实 ③（指示）代词出现处常考。这类题常用来考查考生是否真正理解上 地线强，但线 下文句子之间的关系和意义 相倍在不久的 ④引用任务论断处常考。作者为表达自乙的观点或使论点更有说限力， 将来会打败他 常会引用莱些权戚人士的论断或重要发现等。命题者喜欢在这些地方做文 们。 章。 ⑤特珠标点符号后的内容常考 特殊标点符号后的内容往往是对前面内容进一步解释说明，园此命题 者常对这些标点符号后的内容进行提问。这望特殊符号包持：破折号，持 号，冒号，引号。 前面在解题策略中说过，在浏览文章时，这坐特殊符号后的内容是可 以跳过不读的。只有在题干中提到相关细节时，找们再定位到文中去细读， 这样做节省时间。 (7)高分技巧 ①例如引入名人名言，特殊标点符号后的内容出题，考生可只读例子， 名人名吾，特殊标点符号前后句的内容，然后与选项对号入座。 ②只是针对莱一役的内容提问，且答题时间有限，考生可只看该较内 容即可。 ③选项中貌似照抄原文的一般都不是答案，国为会有一垫地方做了手 脚，而词义词楷换的选项是答集的裤幸很高。对于两个都有些对，但又难 以解决的选项，选择更贴近原文的，越像越好。 ④选项中意思表达具体或肤浅的一般不是答案。而橘持性的、抽象的、 含义深刻的一般是答案。 ⑤选项内容与其它三项有较大差别的可能是答案。（选异不选同) ⑥选项中有绝对语气的词，98%不是答案。如：must,always,never, the most,att,merety ondy have to,any no,completely none,hardly 而选项中含有不肯定语气的词有很大可形是答案，这些语气词有：cou(d, may often,should,usuatly,might,most,more or tess,retatively,be (ikety to,possible,not necessary等。 ⑦在汉论文中，那些符合一般常识的选项，以及意义深刻富有哲理， 符合一般性规律，属于普遍现象的选项往往是答案。 133 名校学霸笔记英语 ⑧细节恐选项十扰特点：与原文内容相反：与原文内容一半相同一半 不同，与原文内容相似但过于绝对，原文中根本没提到。 Note:这D种于扰选项经常出现，由于时间紧张的情况下，容易出醋， 一定要注意。 ③做事实细节题要用原文定位法，根据题干中的关键洞，找准相关包 较的内容，再仔细对照。 2.主冶大意超 (1)介绍 主省大意愆要求考生掌握所读材料的主冶和大意，它的一般范围是， 基本论点、文章标题、主题、文章大意或较落大意等。 解答主台题，最有效的办法是找到并仔细研读文章的主题句。主题句 大多数情况下出魂在地较重要的位置，主旨类问题大致有：主题型，标恐 型，日的型。 ①主短型：找中心思想一main idea: ②标题型，选文章标毯一tt(e; ③目的型，推断作者的写作意困一purpose。. (2)标志性句子 Which sentence best expresses the main idea Which of the following best summarizes the passage What is the main topic of this passage The passage is mainly about... The main idea/The generat idea /The main purpose in... The central idea of the paragraph is that... The best title /headline for this passage is... The passage deats mainly with/is mainly about /is primarily concerned with.… (3)例题(2016地京) Surviving Hurricane Sandy(恐风乘速) Natalie Doan,14,has atways feit Lucky to live in Rockaway,Nen York. Living just a few blocks from the beach.Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house."It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,"she says. On October 29,2012,that ocean turned fierce.That night,Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast,and Rockaway was hit especially hard.Fortunately, Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridge ctosed. When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighborhood 134 第②愈⑦各种题型答题技巧 in ruins.Many of Natalie's friends had tost their homes and were Living far away.A1t around her,people were suffering,especiaily the elderly.Natalie's schoot was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a schoot in Brooktyn. S& In the following few days,the men and women hetping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to hetping others rebuild.Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powertess high-rise buildings. "My mom telts me that I can't controt what happens to me,"Natalie says. “but I can a(ways choose how I dead with it.” Natalie's choice was to heip. She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to hetp.Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick,who lost his basebatt card codlection when his house burned down.Within days,Patrick's collection was replaced. In the coming months,her website page hetped tots of kids:Christopher,who received a new basketbatt;Chartie,who got a new keyboard.Natalie atso worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway.Her efforts made her a famous person.Last Aprit,she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change. Today,the scars()of destruction are stitk seen in Rockaway,but hope is in the air.The streets are clear,and many homes have been rebuilt."I can't imagine Living anywhere but Rockaway,"Natalie dectares."My neighborhood will be back,even stronger than before." 62.What does the story intend to tett us? A.Little people can make a big difference. B.A friend in need is a friend indeed. C.East or west,home is best. 找认为无论在 D.Technology is power. 【答集】A 什么地方，把 人和人区别开 【解析】本短给出，的田匀诱语的含义依次为“小人物也有大作为”， 来的都不是肤 “患难之友才是真正的朋友”，“金窝银窝不如自己的狗窝”，“技术就 色，而是天斌 是力量”。本文介绍的事/4岁的小女孩塔娜莉如何帮助家乡的重桌工作。 和你流过的汗 考查主台大意故选A。 水。 (4)练习题（2018北京) My First从arathon(马拉松) 135 名校学霸笔记英语 A month before my first marathon,one of my ankles was injured and this meant 02 not running for two weeks,teaving me ondy two weeks to train.Yet,I was determined to go ahead. I remember back to my 7th year in schoot.In my first P.E.class,the teacher reguired us to run laps and then hit a softbalt.I didn't do either melt.He later i切formed me that I was“"not athletic'”, The idea that I was"not athletic"stuck with me for years.When I started running in my 30s,I realized running was a battle against myself,not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.It was atl about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of witis! The night before my marathon,I dreamt that I couddn't even find the finish tine.I woke up sweating and nervous,but ready to prove something to myself. Shortly after crossing the start (ine,my shoe Laces )became untied.So I stopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted At mile3,I passed a sign:"GD FOR IT,RUNNERS!" By mile 17.I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain,I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. By mile 21,I was starving As I approached mile 23,I could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the atarm clock sounding at 4 a.m.or questioned my expenses on running. I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished!And I got a medat.In fact,I got the same medat as the one that the guy who came in first place had. Determined to be myself,move forward,free of shame and morldly tabets( 俗标签)，I can now catt m刚self a"marathon winner'”. 36.A month before the marathon,the author A.was weli trained B.felt scared C.made up his mind to run D.Lost hope 37.Why did the author mention the P.E.class in his 7th year? A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B.To amuse the readers with a funny story. C.To show he was not talented in sports. D.To share a precious memory. 38.How was the author's first marathon? 136名校学霸笔记英语 从句语序不变。 5.【答豪】wouldn't 【解析】在既有主园又有从何的时候，如果主句部分是Ihik,I suppose,I'm sure,其反意疑问部分，要和从句的主语和谓语保持一致， 所以此处填Wou(an't. 6,【答豪】that 【解析】该题考查的是not unti试的强调匀式：it was not unti(+被强调 部分+that+其他，其中he found后面是安语从园，从包中what he thought 是what引导的主语从句。 十、阅读理解一一细节理解题练习题 【答集】 21.A 22.D 23.A 【解析】 21.细节理解题该提问的是，如果你想去野营，你会选择哪项活动？ 22.细节理解题，该提问的是，学生们将在周二知Wisn老师一起做 什么？ 23.推理判断题，该提问的是potty about potter这个活动将持续多久？ 十一、阅读理解一一主台大意题练习题 【答策】 36.C 37.C 38.A 39.B 【解析】 36.细节理解总，该提问的是马拉松比表前一个月作者怎么了？ 37.你判断题，该提问的是作者为什么提到地七岁时的体育课？根据 关键包可推知，作者这么做是为了展示自己确实没有运动天赋，战选C, 38.细节理解题，凌提问的是作者第一次马拉松结果如何？根据关键 句可知作者坚持完成了马拉松比表，并获得了一枚奖章，吉他成功了，误 选A. 37.主怡大意题，该提问的是，这需文章主要告许了找们什么，作者， 通过叙述他坚特带伤跑完马拉松，并在地表中获得了奖章来启迪人们，不 要度限于世俗标签，坚持下去的人一定会取得成功，故选B. 252 练习题答案 十二、阅读理解一一推理判断题练习题 【答案】 24.B 25.C 26.C 27.D 【解析】本文属于健康环保类阅读，文章风格新颖，语言生动活 泼，口语化，显得亲切。本文介绍了由Susanna主持的一档新的节目Good 从0 rning Britai凯，节目中地向观众展示如何在预算条张的情况下准备美味的 营养餐。做此阅读理解时可以对文章通读一遍，了解文章主要内容，明确 文章主要讲了节目Good从orning鸭Britain展示让观众花最少的线却仍可以品 尝美食的内容。做题时结合原文和短目有什对性的找出相关语句进付仔细 分析，然后结合选项选出正确答案，一定要分析要察观严密，有理有据。 同时，要注意文章的对应回的表述细致，而答集的语言柄祛简洁，答案和 对应句往往是间义转换。 24.本题属于推理判断题。由于题目的太宽泛，所以载们可以从选项 进行分析。我们可以把选项的共性进行提炼，可以橘持为，Su5 anna Reid 喜好是什么？她已经干了什么？又由于地题为第一题。找们很容易定位到 but she is cooking up a storm in her Latest role showing families how to prepare de(icious and nutritious mea(s on a tight budget处，其句意为，地最近 的角色就是家饪一一向家庭展示如何在预算条张的情况下准备美味的营养 餐。这知B”她开办了一个新的节日"的表述一致，故选B 25.本题属于细节理解题。根据题于停息从att Tebbutt he(e Susanna定 she visits a different home each neek and with the heip of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste处，可知从att Tebbutt是在烹饪方 面为Susanna提供帮助，故选C. 26.本题属于段落大意题。根据题于信息the author intend to do in paragraph4,定位到第四投。从The eight-part series（系列节且）， 最好不是在夕 Save Money:Good Food,fotlons in the footsteps of ITVS Save Money.Good 阳西下时幻想 Heatth.which gave viewers advice on how to get vatue from the vast range of 什么，而是在 hea(th products on the market处着手分析，其园意为，第八集“省找，好食 旭日初升时就 物”(Save Money:Good Food)效仿了ITV的“省钱：好健康”(Save Money: 投入工作。没 Good Hea(th),凌系列为观众提供了如何在市场中从大量健康产品中获取 有春耕，何来 价值的建议。可知本投介绍了Save Money,的一些背景信息，故选C, 秋实。 27,本越属于标超归纳题.文章标毯具有桃持性。分析时要整体理 解文章内容。本文介绍了由Susanna主持的一档新的节目Gooa从orning 253 名校学霸笔记英语 Britai讥，节目中地向观众展示如何在预算紧张的情况下准备美味的营养餐， 该节目可以让观众花最少的找却仍可以品尝美食。对这一内容进待浪缩提 炼和稿培，Cooking Wet(for Less作为最使标恐贴切到位，故选D. 十三、阅读理解一一观点态度题练习题 【答果」 67.C 68.C 69.A 70.B 【解析】以父母对于上大学的成年子女过度保护的问慈为例，提出了 斜技带来的一塑改变容易被误认为态度的改变的论点。 67,细节恐 由第二较第二句“Surveys(查）on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be'very'or'somewhat'overly protective even after their child ren move into col(ege dormitories.”可知如今的父母即使孩子已经上了大学， 还是会“非常”或者“有点”过度保护他们的孩子。故正确答案为C。 68.观点态度题。第三较作者提出调查的结果并不舱理解为现在的家 长对孩子不放手，接下来的两投作者论述了筋现这种结果的真正原因是 料技的发展使得交流手较更丰富，成本更低廉。见第四投最后一包“从y studies show that older parents-today's grandparents-would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier." 一较更是再次强调了这种观点、。故选C。 69,主省大意题。由第一投第二句话得出。这种科技的改变容易被误 认为态度的改变。第2-5投对论到底是料技还是态度的改交。第6段再次 明确表示是科技的改变。故选A。 70.文章结构题。文章第一较是introduction,第三二段是第一个论点， 指出父母在子女生活中参与度提高的现象。第三较是第二个论点（关键 词However).,指的通过调查并不舱推断出父母未舱对子女放手，分论点 一是斜技的进步导致父母对子女生话更多的参与，分论点二（关瓣词 Furthermore)是子女经济不独立导致父母对子女生活的过多参与。最后一 较总结。故选B。 十四、阅读填空 练一【答案与解析】 36.B 空格前提到，或者你只是在寻找一个辛劳一天之后的休息之所，B项： 254