第8节 状语从句-高中英语学霸笔记

第6语法 is not good for the heatth. 2.(2017-江苏）In/963 The UN set up the wor(-d,food programme,one of purpose is to relieve worldwide starvation. 3.(20/6牝京)I(ive next door to a coup(e chilaren often make a tot of noise. 4.(2016全国I）But my connection with panda goes back to my days on a 线聆听着人们 TV show in the mid-1980s,I was the first western reporter. 对线的称赞， 5.（20l7·江苏）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human 我享受着成功 beings cry tears,none of. has been proved. 带来的喜悦， 我知道自己所 第八节状语从句 追求的是什 么，但是，钱 一、考点分析 从来没有停止 由从匀担任的状语，在句子中修饰谓语（或其它动词），形容词，副 过向更高境界 词或整个匀子，它可以用表示时间，地点，原因，目的，结果，条件，目 迈进的脚步。 的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应做充分准备，同时对方式 状语从句也应引起重视。 二、知识梳理 ),时间状语从句 (1)when ,while as whn可引导一个持续动作或短暂动作：可用于主从包动作同时发生或 从匀先于主句发生。 e.g.When I Lived there,I used to go the seashore on Sundays. 当when引导的时间状语从匀是系表结构（即be+表语），而且其主语 与主句主语一致，表语是一个名词，可用5省略匀代替。 e.g.As a young man.(=When he was a young man)he was found of hunting. wh试引导持镀性动作，侧重主句动作与从句对比。 e.g.please don't tatk so loud white others are working. a5表示主从何两个动作交替进待或间时完成，可泽为“一边……一边” 或“随着“ e-g,As time goes on,it's getting9 warmer and warmer,随着时间的推移，天 气变得越来越暖和了。 若主包是短暂动作，从包用延续性动词进行时态表一毅时间内进行的 动作，此时when,while知as可互换。 e.g.when/while/As I was talking about the issue,I came across a friend. (2)as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the 111 名校学霸笔记英语 instant,once,no sooner..that,hardly/scarce(y.,when以上词语静泽为“一… 就……”， 在从日中用一般时态代替将来时态。 e.g.Once you remember it,you witt never forget it. The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming. Note: no sooner..than,hard(y/scarce(y…when结构中的时态搭配：no sooner知 hara(y/scarcely引导的句子谓语动词间过去完成时态，than和when后要用 一般过去时态，比外，当把nes0oner和hardty/scarcely置于园首时，其后 的句子要倒装。 e.g.I had hardly got home when it began to rain. No sooner had we arrived at the station than train teft. (3）tit(,unti认，not.…untit 肯定句：主包调语动词是延续性，肯定句式，意为“菜动作一直持续 到某时间点才停止”。 e.g.He reminded there untit /titt she arrived. 否定句：主句谓语动词是非延续性，意为“菜动作直到莱时间才开始“。 e.g.He won't go to bed titl/until she returns. ti试（不可置于句首，unti(可以。 e.g.Untit you told me I had no idea of it. not.…unti认的强调包型和倒装结构 强调：Its/wa5 not unti化.that. 倒装，Not unti(.did sb.do. e.g.It was not untit you told me that I had any idea of it. Not untit you told me did I have any idea of it. (4)before,since before:还未…就m…,不到……就”…，……才…，还没来得及 e.g.Before they reached the station,the train had go home. Itwi试(bet一较时间+before.…表示还要多久才…m e.g.It witl be haif a year before I come back. It won't be (ong before we meet again. since:从包的谓语动词是非延续性，主包谓语动词是延续性或反复发 生的。 从句时态：was/were/did 主句时态：has/have done或has/have been doing e.g.I have been home four times since I came here. She has been working in this factory since she was 20 years ofd. 112 第6语法 its+一投时间+snce从包，句意取决于从句谓语动词是否是持续性 动词。 e.g.It is three years since the war broke out.( It is three years since I smoked a cigar.(持续) It is three years since I stopped smoking a cigar. 线不吸烟有三年了。 It is three years since I began to smoke.（短暂性动词) 找吸烟有三年了。 (5)every time,each time,next time,the fist time,ondy time,att the time 每当，每次，下次 e.g.Every/Each time I was in trouble,he would come to hetp me out. The tast time she saw James,he was tying in the bed. 2.地点状语从包，where,wherever where,wherever指具体地点、时，从包可用于主句之前或之后。 e.g.We shoutd go where the party needs us most. 表抽象条什时，从句必领放在主句之前。 e.g.Where there is a witt,there is a way 有志者，事竞成。 Wherever there is smoke ,there is a fire. 无风不起浪。 Note: 注意分区where引导的定语从包与状语从回 e:g,Yo'd better make a mark where you have any questions.(定语从包) 3.原因状语从句：because ,since,as,now,that,seeing that,considering that 能否回 能否被 位置 内 语气 答 强调 直接烟 because(因为） 主日前或后 强 能 能 别像个露种似 果关系 的懋眉苦脸， as(由于) 主句前或后 双方舒 甭常你被打倒 知道的 弱 不能 不能 了多少次，拍 since/now that 主句前 拍身上的尘 原园 土，再笑着站 When也可表原图，意为“既然，考虑到”， 相当于since,consider that. 起来吧，再笑 e.g.It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could matk there in five 着投入战斗。 minutes. 4.目的状语从⑧ 113 名校学霸笔记英语 (1)in order that,so that以硬，为了 它们引导的状语从包要用情态动词，切order that比so that正式，可 置于主句前后，so that只能置于主句之后。 e.g.I'1 speak stowdy so that you can understand me. In order that we right see the sunrise ,we started for the peak earty. (2)for fear that/in case害怕，担心，以防万一 e.g.Mary didn't want to go out of bed,for fear that she might wake her baby up. Take your raincoat in case it rains. 5.结果状语从句 (1)so...that,such...that e.g.It is such fine weather that we att want to go to the park. He earned so little money that he couldn't support the famity. (2）too.to.(太……而不能……)，enough to..(达到某种程度可以） s0…a5t0…(那么……以至于“…）也可表结果 e.g.He didn't get up early enough to catch the bus. He got up too late to catch the bus. He got up so late as to miss the bus. 6.条件状语从包 计，undess(=计.not如果不，除非……），so/as(ogas（只要），in case(万一）， on condition that(条件是），suppose/supposing（假设，如果)，provided that(如果) e.g.As tong as you don't Lose heart,you witt succeed. Suppose/Supposing(that)they refuse us ,who etse can we turn to for hetp? 7.方式状语从包：as,as计/though as计/though引导的从包一般用虚拟语气，但若从包中陈述的情况很 可抛实现，也闭陈述语气。 e.g.Do as you are told to or you'(t be fired. Ifee(as计I have a fever..(陈述语气) The old tady treats the boy as if he were her own son.(虚拟语气) 8.让步状语从句 (1)though/a(though(尽管，虽然)，even though,even计（即使） though和atthough一般可互换，都可与yet,still,nevertheless连用，但 不能和but连用。 e-g9.Even tho4gh/计it is raining,Iwi试(go.(陈述) 114 第6语法 Even计I were busy,I would go.（虚拟) th和ugh可用于句末，表示“可是，然而“ e.g.He said he would come he didn't,though. (2)as/though引导让步状语从句倒装 ad的./ad加./无冠词名词/动词原形+as/though+主+（谓） e.g.Child as he is ,he knows a lot. 不要轻音放 Much as I Like it,I won't buy it. 弃，一旦放弃 Try as he might,he coutdn't open the door. 了，地赛就结 Happy as they were,there was something missing. 来了。 (3)no matter+疑问词tever(不管"…，无论……），whether..or.不 管mn…还是…… e.g.No matter what you say he won't betieve you. Whoever you are (-No matter who you are )you must obey the rutes. Whether you believe it or not,it is true. (4)when,hi试e作从属连词，相当于a(though. e.g.While I admit that there are problems,I don't agree that they cannot be sotved. 尽管找承认有问题存在，但找不间意说这坐问题不能解决。 9.比较状语从句 as...as not as/so ...as more ...than....tess...than...,the more ...the more, the same...as...etc. e.g.Tom is as good a student as Jack. Tom is such a good student as Jack. 汤姆知杰克一样都是好学生。 10.状语从包中的省略 (1)如采状语从句中的主语知主包中的主语一致，且从句中含b动词， 从何中的主语和be可省。 ①When,Whi试e,as,计，undess/unti试/once/even if(though)t分词的省略 结构 e.g.When crossing (=When you are crossing the street you should be carefut. Untess invited (untess I am invited ),I won't go to the evening party. ②whi试e,as计/thought+介词短语的省略结构 e.g.White in America (=White I was in America I Learned a lot about American customs. ③as,as计/though+名词的省略结构 115 名校学霸笔记英语 e.My stepfather(继父）treated me as if my own father.(:as计he were my own father). ④whether,though,when+形容词的省略结构 e.g Though young (=Though he is young),he knows a tot about Chinese history. (2)如果状语从句中的主语是t,谓语是be,或从园是there be句型时， 第可把t和be或there be省略。 ①计，undess,when,whenevert形容词的省略结构 e.g.Some soldiers would ask him about the three questions whenever possible. (-whenever it was possible) ②计only…,计ay,计not.,tata(化的省略结构 e.g.There is tittle,if any difference between them Her voice was,if not perfect,at teast nearty so. ③如果as,than引导的地较状语从园，前后匀意非明确，可省略 as,than从包中成分。 e.g.Mooy is wearing the same coat as Jane.(as Jane wears the coat.) 三、例超 1.(2018地京) we don't stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world wilt be gone. A.Although B.While C.If D.Until 【答案】C 【解祈】包意为：气候变化，世界上许多动物植物将会消失。所以选 项意为“如果”符合句意。A项意为“虽然，尽管”，B项意为“虽然、然南”， D项意为“直到”，均与句意不符，故C项正确。 2.(2018天津）Let's not pick these peaches untit this weekend they get sweet enough to be eaten. A.ever since B.as计 C.even though D.so that 【答案】D 【解析】园意为，我们等到这个周未再摘这些桃子吧，这样吃起来才 够钳。D项意为“为了、以硬”，引导日的状语从句，符合句意：A项意 为“自从”，B项意为“好像、似乎”，C项意为“即使”，均与句意不符， 故D项正确。 3.(2018江苏) you can steep welt,you will Lose the ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. A.Once B.Undess C.If D.When 【卷集】B 【解析】何意为：如果你睡不好，一两个晚上之后，你就会失去专注、 116 第6语法 汁划和保特活力的能力。根据包意可知，空格处意为“除非，如果不”， 引导条件状语从包，故B项正确。 四、练习题 1.(2017.)If you don't understand something,you may research,study, and talk to other people you figure it out. 2.（20l6-全国里）Over time,._the population grew,people began cutting food into smalt pieces,so it would cook more quickly. 3.(2017:地京) birds use their feathers for fight,some of their feathers are for other purpose. 4.(2016浙江) ondine shopping has changed our life,not att of its effects have been positive. 5.（2017-江苏）Located the beit meets the road,Jiangsu wilt contribute more to the belt and road construction. 6.(2016~地京）I7ea(ly enjoy(istening to music it hetps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day. 第九节 特殊句式 一、考点分析 英语中的特殊句式包格强调句、倒装句和省略句等，由于这些园式所 体现的英语表达习惯多与汉语思维不太一致，所以逆成了线们实际用时的 闲难。高考命慈者也正是以此为切入点考查考生对这些特殊句式的理解和 把握。因地要求考生把握各种特殊匀式在具体语境中的运用。 二、知识梳理 1.倒装包 (1)完全倒装，谓语动词完全议在主语之前 篮球也许你 ①There be(stand,(ie,exist.）包型 认为这只是一 场运动，但我 e.g.There is a garden behind the house. 把它当成空气 ②表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语放在句首 我每天的呼吸 here,there,now,then,up,down,in the noon,on the watt,out,off 都要靠它，这 eg.Here comes the bus.(当主语是代词时，主滑不倒装，如Here it is.) 就是篮球的意 Away went the girt. 义。篮球是生 ②表语位于回首是，其倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语” 命。 eg.Present at the meeting9 were some scientists from China.(形容词作表语) Gone are the days when we were poor.(过去分词作表语） 117名校学霸笔记英语 指人，且地处并无范国可言，表示任何人，所以填whoever 4.【答襄】Nhatever 【解析】匀意为：你的支持对找的工作很重要，你能做的任何事静会 有所帮助，分析句子结构和句意可知，本空需要连接代词引导主语从句并 在从句中做do的要语表示无论什么，所以填whatever.. 5.【答聚】that 【解析】园意为雨李，最令人愉快的事是人们可以完全摆脱灰尘，分 析勾子结构可以看出，本空需要连接词引导表语从匀，且连接洞在从匀中 不作任何成分，只起连接作用，所以用tht引导这个从包。 6.【答象】that 【解析】分析匀子结构可知，空处在引导从匀，解释说明s499esti0n的 具体内容，且从句句意和何子成分完整，所以用that. 七、定语从何 .【答案】which 【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从匀，先付词指代 前匀的内容，且关系词在从匀中作主语，故用关系代词whih: 2.【答象】whose 【解析】purposes与the wor(d food programme存在所属关系，比处指世 界粮食计刘署的宗省之一，空处在包中作定语，因此填whose. 3.【答集】whose 【解析】阅意为，找住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子总是很吵闲， 分析园子结构可知，空出在此处引导定语从句修饰a coup(e,且关系词在 从匀中作定语，所以填关系代词whose. 4.【答裹】when 【解析】分析匀子结构可知，空处所缺词引导定语从句。且车从包中 作时间状语，所以填关系副词when. 5.【答豪】which 【解析】句意：斜学家已经提出了许多关于人类为什么会流泪的理论， 其中没有一个得到了证明，浅句中的先行词是ma叫theorie5:,关系词在定 语从包中作叶的安语，应该填关系代词which,none o时which共同构成从句 的主语。 入、状语从句 ,【答豪】unti试 【解析】句意为，如采你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索，研完，以及和 其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明伯，根句意可知，空处应用试引导时 250 练习题答案 间状语从句，表示中的动作research,study,and talk to other people,一直延 续到unti(引导的从包所表达的时间才结束。 2,【答集】as或when 【解析】随着人口的增长或当人口增长时，人们开始把食物切成小片， 根据意和包子结构，可知空处引导状语从园，表示“随着”，或“当…… 时”，故填as或when 有时候世界虽 3.【答象】Aithough./Though./While 然是假的，但 【解析】何意为，尽管乌类用羽毛飞行，但是他们的一些羽毛也是 并不缺少真心 有其他用途，根据匀意可知，空处用A(th0ugh引导让步状语从匀，也可填 对待找们的 Though/White. 人。 4.【答襄】A(though/Though./Whie 【解析】匀意为，虽然网上购物已经改变了线们的生活，但它的影 响并不金是积极的，此处whi试意为“虽然”引导让步状语从句也可填 Although/Though. 5.【答集】where 【解析】句意为江苏位于“一帝”都“一路”的交汇处，将对“一带一路” 的建设做出更多的贡献，where在此引导地点状语。 6.【答策】because 【解析】匀意为，找非常喜欢听音乐，因为它能帮助找放松，让找不 再去想一天中其他的烦心事，根据包意可知，这里应用because引导原网 状语从句，说明喜欢听音乐的原因。 九、特殊勾式 .【答策】that 【解析】句意为，你懂错地方了，教练是在旅馆接游容的，分析句子 结构可知，此处是一个对地点状语进行强调的强调句型，所以用that. 2.【答集】turning改为turn 【解析】考查谓语动词，此处为祈使包，并和上文中的speed炉和 s(ow down并列，故把turning改为turn. 3.【答集】t 【解析】此处是强调包型，t这+被强调的成分+that+其他，所以填 达. 4.【答策】had 【解析】园意为找一到站火车就启动了，n0s0 oner...than..表示“一…… 就…”，前面的主匀通常使用过去完成时，后面的从匀使用一毅过去时， 如果将no sooner提到主语前，前面的主句要舒分倒装，即had提到主园前， 251