第7节 定语从句-高中英语学霸笔记

争分语法 方式状语，故用hw引导该从包，所以D项正确。 四、练习题 1.(2017.)Jane moved aimlessty down the train-tined street,not 列 knowing she was heading. 2.(2017-)We choose this hotet because the price for a night here is down to twenty dottar,haif of it used to charge. 3.（2017:地京）Every year,,_makes the most beautiful kite wit(wi切 a prize in the kite festival. 4.(2016地京）Your support is important to our work. you can do hetps. 5.(20l6~北京）The most p(easant thing o时the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust. 6.（2016~天津）The manager put forward a suggestion we should have assistant.There is too much work to do. 第七节 定语从句 一、考点分析 1.定语从包及相关术语 (1)定语从包：修饰一个名词或代词的从包称为定语从句，一般紧 跟在它所修饰的先行词后。 (2)关系词：引导定语从间的关联词称为关系词。 关系词有关系代词知关系副词： 关系代词有that,which,when,whom,whose,as等： 关系副词有where,when,why等。 2,关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句，代替先行词，在定语从句中 担当一个成分。 二、知识枕理 我不知道需要 多长时间才能 1.限制性与非限制性定语从匀 取得样煌，找 (1)两者的区别 只是想尽找所 ①限刺性：对先行词起修饰限制作用，不可省略，香则句意就不完整。 能去成为最的 ②非限制性，对先付词起朴充说明作用，往往由逗号福开。 色的篮球运动 (2)非限制性定语从包中关系代洞和关系副洞的用法 员。 ①关系代词和关系副词任何情况下都不舱省略， ②who（主语)，whom（要语)，which(主语，安语)不能用that代替， 105 名校学霸笔记英语 也不舱互相代替； ③在“介词+whih/whom”结构中，介词不舱移到从匀后面， ④when,where可用于非限制性定语从句中。 2.关系代词 ())关系代词：引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,hat,which, whose as. (2)它们在句子中有三个方面的作用，连接主从句：代替先付词， 在从句中充当句子成分（主语、要语、定语)。 (3)关系代洞的用法分类 限制性，非限制性 限制性 指人 指物 既指人又指物 主格 who which that 虫格 whom which that 属格 Whose/of whom Whose/of which whose 3.关系代洞that和which的用法 (1)限制性定语从何中只能用that的情况 ①先行词是不定代词al,something,anything9,everything,nothing,much,litt(e,n one,the one等。 e.g.You should hand in atl that you have. Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? ②先行词前面有the only,the very,any,(ittle,no,al等词修饰。 e.g.This is the very bus that I'm waiting for. The only thing that we can do is (to)give you some money. ⑤先行词是形容词最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰。 e.g.This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. ④先待词是序数词或先行词前有序数词修饰。 e.g.The train is the (ast that witt go to Suzhou. What is the first film that you have seen? ⑤先行词既有人又有物。 e.g.Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about ⑥主包的主语是疑问词who/which e.g.Which is the bike that you tost Who is the boy that won the gold medat 106 争分语法 ⑦先行词车主句中作表语，南关系代词在从匀中也作表语时。 e.g.Shanghai is no (onger the city that is used to be. ⑧有两个定语从匀时，其中一个关系代词用which,另一个用that。 e.g.They secretly built up a smatl factory ,which produced things that could cause pollution. (2)非限制性定语从包中，只用which,不用that。 压力、挑战， ①当先付词指物或前面整包话时，定语从匀必级用which. 这一切消极的 e.g.Heten was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which,(of 东西新是找能 course)made the others envy him. 够取得成功的 ②动词短语中的介词提前时，不用that, 准化剂。 e.g.This is the house in which Lu Xun once tived(tive in the house). ③在一些固定搭配中，动词短语中的介词不可提前，即不舱和动词分 开。 eg误：This is the pen for which I am(ooking: 正：This is the pen that./which I am(ooking for. 4,关系代词who,whom,that和whose的用法 当先行词指人时，在定语从包中作主语，用who/that不可省：在定 语从匀中作安语，用who which/that可省；在定语从包中作定语，用whose 不可省。 e,g.She is the girt who/that(ives next door.(作主语) This is the9 irt whom/who/that I teach.(作要语，可省) This is the scientist whose achievements are wet(known..（作定语) This is the scientist of whom the achievements are wel(known.（作定语) 5.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 (1)介词之后的关系代词只能用which(指物)与wh和m(指人) e.g.I've read many stories of Lei Feng ,of which this is the most touching one. In our class there are 46 students ,of whom hatf wear glasses. (2)在限制性定语从句中，介词在定语从自末尾时，可用hat/which(指 物）that/who/whom(指人)作介词的安语，且作介词架语的关系代词可省。 eg.This is the hero that/who/whom we are proud of（作介词which的来语 可省) (3)“复合介词短语+关系代词whh“引导的定语从园，常用逗号分隔， 有时用倒装。 e.g.He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tree. (4)“介词+which./whom+不定式” e.g.The poor man has no house in which to live. 107 名校学霸笔记英语 The poor man has no house to tive in. 6,5引导定语从包，可在句中做主语，要语，表语 (1)引导限制性定语从日，5充当主语，要语，表语。 such+n..tas.·（像……一样的) he sometn..+as.…（如……间样的)】 e,g.We have found such machines as are used in their factory..（(作主语) He is not the same man as he was.(作表语) (2)注意区分such…a5.引导的定语从包知such…that.…引导的状语 从句 eg,He is such a clever child as everyone(ikes.（定语从句) He is such a c(ever child that everyone(ikes him(状语从包) 7.关系代词as,which的区别 (1）两者都可指代主句的整个内容，which引导的非限制性定语从包只 能放在主句之后，5引导的定语从包放在句首或句中，也可放在主句之后。 e.g.The man travet round the earth,which/as is known to alt. As is known to att,the moon traveis round the earth. It is known to at(that the moon traveis round the earth..(It作形式主语) What is known to att is that the moon travels round the earth.(名词性从包) (2)s本从包中常作安语，作主语时，从妇的谓语动词常为系动词， 即系表结构或被动结构，常用的有，as wet(known,as is reported,as is said above,as5 is expected,as has been pointed等，若从包中付为动词是主h语态， 一般用which。 e.g.As was expected,he turned up on time. As is said above,he has conguered the difficulty. Tom has made rapid progress,which makes me very happy. (3)当关系代词代替主句中的要语从句或复合结构（如，要+补，不 定式短语，动词一ng形式短语时)，一般只用which,不用as。 e.g.She told us that there was something wrong with her bike which was true. He asked her to help him with his English,which she did. (4)当关系代词仅代表主包中单个的名词时，一般只用whih,而不用 as. e.g.He sent me a beautifut present ,which I vatued very much. (5)当非限制性定语从园中的要语是一个复合结构时，只用whh。 e.g.Betty atways telis a (ie,which her parents find strange. 8.关系副洞的用法 (1)当先付词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词 108 争分语法 when=表时间的介词（at,in,during,.on）twhich where=表地点的介词(in,at,on等)twhich why=表原因的介词(for)twhich 列 e.g.I stitt remember the day when/at which I first came to beijing. Can you tett me the office where/in which he works? Do you know the reason why /for which he was absent? (2)介词twhich(=where,when),有时还可在where./when前加from,since等。 e.g.China is the birthplace of kites,from where kite flying spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India. They stood near the north window,from where they could see the whote garden. They teft on Monday ,since when we have heard nothing. I went to bed at ten,before when I was reading for an hour. (3)关系副词where 当point,situation,case,position,stage,condition等词作先行词表示“情 况，境地，均合”等抽象意思时，其后常用where引导定语从句，where在 句子作状语。 e.g.I've come to the point where I can't stand him. Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used? 9,类系代洞与关系副河的地较 (1)关系代词：在定语从园中作主语，奖语，表语。 (2)关系副词，在定语从句中作状语。 (3)到断法则，若从包中缺主语、安语、表语、用关系代洞，即句 子不完整：若从包中缺状语，用关系副词，即句子的必要成分已完整。 e-g.Do you stit以remember the days that/which we spent in Shanghai?(作来语) Do you stitt remember the days when we worked in Shanghai?(作状语】 10.定清从句中谓语的洞的单复形式 (1)one of+复数名词+关系代词ty.复数形式。 e.g.He is one of the teachers who know French in our schoot. This is the only one of the most wonderfut that have been produced in Hottywood. (2)The only one of+复数名词+关系代词tw.单数形式。 e.g.He is the onty one of the teachers who knows French in our schoot. 你永递不要低 This is the ondy one of the most wonderfut movie that has been produced in 估一颗冠军的 Hotlywood. 心。 （(3)as/which引导的非限制性定语从包修饰主包内容时，若as/which 作主语，则从句谓语动词用单数。 109 名校学霸笔记英语 e.g.Great changes have taken place in China,as is known to alt. He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me. (4)先行词是way(方式，方法)定语从包通常由that或in which引导， 或省略。 e.g.What surprised me was not what he said but the way(in which /that 略)he said it.(关系代词作状语) This is the way that/which he told me.(关系代词作要语) (5)先行词是time时，若意为“次数”用that引出定语从包，that可省： 若意为“一较时间”“时代”则用when或表时间的介词twhich引导定语从包。 e.g.This is the second time(that)the president has visited the country. It was a time when/during which there were no radios or TV sets. 三、例恐 1.(2018-牝京）She and her family bicycle to work, hetps them to keep fit. A.which B.who C.as D.that I答象】A 【解析】空格处引导非限制性定语从包，在从句中作主语，档代前面 整个包子，所以应用关系代洞which导凌从句，故A项正确。 2.(2018·天津)kate, sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia. A.whom B.that C.whose D.her 【答象】C 【解祈】包意为Kate己经去漫大刻亚工作了，钱上大学的时候和地妹 妹住一个房间，分析匀子结构，可知空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行 词是kate,指人，关系代词在从句中作定语，修饰sister,所以此处应用 whose引导凌从句，故C项正确。 3.(2018.江苏）Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the morld are on the same starting tine. A.that B.where C.which D.when 【答象】B 【解析】日意为自动驾狱是中国如世界上其他地区站在同一起跑线上 的领域，分析包子结构可知，空格处引导定语从包，先待词是an area,.关 系词在从包中作地，点状语，所以用whre引导该从句，故B项正确。 四、练习趣 1.(2017.I)Right anything,it is possible to have too much of both, 110 争分语法 is not good for the heatth. 2.(2017-)In 1963 The UN set up the wordd,food programme,one of purpose is to relieve woridwide starvation. 3.(2016~牝京)I(ive next door to a coup(e children often make a lot of noise. 4.(20l6:全国I）But my connection with panda9 oes back to m刚days on a 钱聆听着人们 TV show in the mid-1980s.I was the first western reporter. 对找的祢警， 5.(2017:江苏）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human 找享负着成功 beings cry tears,none of has been proved. 带来的喜锐， 找知道自乙所 第八节状语从句 追求的是什 么，但是，钱 一、考点分析 从来没有停上 由从包担任的状语，在包子中修饰谓语（或其它动词），形容词，副 过向更高境界 词或整个包子，它可以用表示时间，地点，原因，目的，结果，条件，目 迈进的牌步。 的等状语从包，这些从包仍是今后高考热点，应做充分准备，同时对方式 状语从句也应引起重视。 二、知识梳理 ),时间状语从句 (l）when,while,as whn可引导一个持续动作或短暂动作；可用于主从包动作间时发生或 从句先于主句发生。 e.g.When I Lived there,I used to go the seashore on Sundays. 当when引导的时间状语从包是系表结构（即bet表语），而且其主语 与主包主语一致，表语是一个名词，可用s省略句代替。 e.g.As a young man.(=When he was a young man)he was found of hunting. wh礼e引导持续性动作，侧重主包动作与从句对地。 e.g.Please don't taik so toud nhite others are working. s表示主从包两个动作交替进行或间时完成，可泽为“一边“…一边” 或“随着” eg.As time9 oes on,it's getting warmer and warmer..随着时间的推移，天 气变得越来越暖和了。 若主包是短暂动作，从句用延续性动词进付时态表一般时间内进付的 动作，地时when,whi试e知as可互换。 e.g.when/while/As I was talking about the issue,I came across a friend. (2)as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the 111名校学霸笔记英语 指人，且此处并无范周可言，表示任何人，所以填whoever. 4.【答集】Whatever 【解析】园意为，你的支特对找的工作很重要，你能做的任何事都会 有所帮助，分析包子结构和句意可知，本空需要连接代词引导主语从园并 在从包中做do的要语表示无论什么，所以填whatever.. 5.【答集】that 【解析】包意为雨李，最令人愉快的事是人们可以完全摆脱友尘，分 析句子结构可以看出，本空需要连接词引导表语从包，且连接词在从园中 不作任何成分，只起连接作用，所以用that引导这个从句。 6.【答襄】that 【解析】分祈句子结构可知，空处在引导从包，解释说明su9 gestion的 具体内容，且从匀句意和句子成分完整，所以用that. 七、定语从句 1.【答襄】which 【解析1分析匀子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从包，先付词指代 前包的内容，且关系词在从间中作主语，故用关系代词whih 2.【答集】whose 【解析】purposes与the world food programme存在所属关系，比处指世 界粮食计划署的宗冶之一，空处在包中作定语，国此填whose. 3.【答集】whose 【解析】园意为，我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子慈是很吵闹， 分析句子结构可知，空出在此处引导定语从包修饰acou炉le,且关系词在 从句中作定语，所以填关系代词whose.. 4.【答襄】when 【解析1分析句子结构可知，空处所缺词！导定语从句。且在从句中 作时间状语，所以填关系副词when. 5.【答襄】which 【解析】园意：斜学家已经提出，了许多关于人类为什么会流泪的理论， 其中没有一个得到了证明，凌句中的先待洞是many theories,关系洞在定 语从句中作o时的安语，应凌填关系代词which,none o叶which共间构成从句 的主语。 入、状语从何 .【答集】unti认 【解祈】园意为，如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索，研究，以及和 其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白，根据句意可知，空处应用ut试引导时 250