第6节 名词性从句-高中英语学霸笔记

名校学霸笔记英语 动词是can deat with,故空格处应用非调语动词，动词use与其逻辑主语 ordinary之间是被动关系，所以应用其过去分词形式作定语，所以A攻正确。 3.(20j8江苏）Around13500 new jobs were created during the Perioa. the expected number of 12000 held by market analysts. A.having exceeded B.to exceed C.exceeded D.exceeding 【答集】D 【解新】包意为，在此期间，新增就业均位约13500个，超的市场 分析师认为的预期数字/200。分析句子结构可知，exceed与其逻辑主语 aroundl3500 new jobs之间为主动关系，而且表示自然而然的结来，故用 exceed的现在分词形式作结采状语，所以D项正确。 四、练习题 1.(2017.)I was watching the ctock all through the meeting,as I had a train (catch). 2.(2016~全国】)When I was the first Western reporter（permit) to film a speciat unit caring for palace rescued from starvation in the wild. 3.(2016.))For twenty-two days,she never teft her baby,not even to find something (eat). 4.(2017江苏）Many Chinese brands (develop)their regulations over centuries,are facing new chatlenges from the modern market. 5.(2017:浙江）Pahisson had removed the diamond ring cook )a meat. 第六节 名词性从句 一、考点分析 名词性从包包持回种：主语从句，安语从包，表语从包，同位语从包。 主要有四种从包结构：以that引导的从句，以whether,,计引导的从句， 以特殊疑问句引导的从匀，以whatever,whichever,,whoever等引导的从匀。 二、知识梳理 1.that (1)主语从闷，that+从园作主语时，常用t作形式主语。 常见的匀型有： ①It+bet形容词+that从包 形容词有： obvious good,true,possible likely naturat,surprising wonderfut, 100 0ec0语法 funny certain,probable... e.g.It's no wonder that our team has won the game. It was a great honor that I was invited here today. ②It+be+过去分词+that从匀 过去分词有：said,reported,expected,tho4ght,decided,announced.. e.g.It is said that Mr.Green has arrived Beijing. ③在口语和非正式文体中，that常可省略，尤其是非常短的包子中， that一般不必要，但that引导的主语从匀位于匀菌时，that往往不能省略。 e.g.It's a pity (that)you're leaving. That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us. (2)要语从句 ①常见可接that从包作实语的动词有： see,say know imagine discover,betieve tett,show,think,consider, be sure be afraid... ②在可接复合安语的动词后，如think,make,consider等，可用t作 形式要语。 e.g.Do you know (that)he has joined the army? We think it highly probable that he is dead. We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. He has made it clear that he wilt not give in. ③that从句一般不充当介词要语，偶尔可作except,in的宾语。 e.g.He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. ④其他介词后面需要用that从匀作要语时，必频用t作形宾。 e.g.You may depend on it that I shatk atways help you. (3)表语从自 that引导表语从句不可省 e.g.My decision is that att of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning. (4)间位语从句 that引导间位语从包时，应在莱坐抽象名词后。 如：fact,hope,iaea,news,desire,thought,suggestion.problem,possibility等。对 前面名词起补充说明作用，tht在何中不做成分，不可省略。 找从来没打算 e.g.The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole schoot. 退缩，找的字 2.whether/计（是否） 典没有妥协。 (1）表语从句、间位语从句，只用whether,不用计. e9.The prob(em is whether the meeting wit(be held.(表语从句) 101 名校学霸笔记英语 I have no idea whether the meeting will be held..(同位语从句) (2)主语从句置于首阅时，只能用whether,不用计. It作形式主语，主语从句放在后面，whether/计均可， discusstwhether引导安语从句 e.g.Whether the meeting witt be held is stit(a prob(em.(主语从匀) It is doubtfut whether/.计he will be here.(主语从包在包末) (2)安语从园中 ①？hether从句不能用否定 e.g.I don't care whether he doesn't come.x ②whether/计"or not e.g.I don't care whether/if he comes or not. ⑤不存在计or not e.g.I don't care if or not he comes.x ④whether to do e.g.I don't know whether to go there. (3)介词后只能用whether,不用计 e.g.It depends on whether you can do the work welt. hether与计在某些条件下可互换，但本以下四种情况下，只用 whether不用计： ①whether or not 2whether to do ③介词twhether ④在主语从句，表语从匀和间位语从句中只能用whether表“是否”。 3.特殊疑问词（连接洞) (1)主语从包：常用让作形式主语 e.g.It makes no difference where we shatt have the meeting. It hasn't been decided yet who witl preside over the meeting. (2)要语从句：能接特殊疑问词（连接词）引导的安语从匀的动词 (词组)很多，常见的有，see,tel(,ask,now,answer,decide,find out, imagine,suggest,inform,advise,understand e.g.I can't imagine how he did it. They couldn't understand why I refused it. (3)表语从阅和同位语从句 e.g.The probtem is where we shoutd stay. My problem how I shatl get in touch with him has not been answered. 102 第6语法 4.名词性关系从包 (1)名词性关系从句其实是先符词与后而的定语从句的结合，如： what-+the thing(s)which/that whoever→anyone who whichever一→any one/anything that whatever-anything that 即使几个月没 where→the place where 上过球场、但 when→the time when 找还有自信， (2)主语从句 还有本球物上 e.g.What they need is a good textbook. 击败每一个人 Whichever he tikes witt be given to him. 的信心。 Whoever did this job must be rewarded. (3)要语从句 e.g.She will give whoever(anyone who)needs help a warm support. She walked up to where(the place where)he stood. You can write about whatever topic(-any topic that)you prefer. I can judge by what (the things that)I know of him. (4)表语从匀 e.g.This is where our problem ties. Tomorrow is when it would be most convenient. (5)安语从包 e.g.He has made the company what it is today. I'14 calt the baby whatever name you like. 5.易漏知识辨析 (1)wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别 wh-ever即可引导名词性从包，也可引导让步状语从自， no matter wh-只引导让步状语从包 e.g.Whatever I said,he woutdn't Listen to me. →No matter what I said,he wouldn't(isten to me..(让步状语从包) He wou(dbe(ieve whatever I said.（实话从包） Note:在whoever,whatever,.whenever,wherever中-ever起强词作用，意为“究 危：到底” e-9,wherever have you been?你完竟去哪里？ (2)as计/as though,because,.why也可以导表语从句 e.g.It (ooked as if it was going to rain. That's because he didn't work hard enough. 103 名校学霸笔记英语 It was why I asked for three days'leave. (3)that引导的间位语从何与定语从句的区别 ①that引导的间位语从句置于抽象名词(news,fact,idea, th0ught…)之后，表示对前面名词的补充说明作用，不担当成分，不可省略， that引导的间位语从句结构和意义都是完整的。 e.g.The news that our footbalt team won the match was encouraging. 主句：The news was encouraging· 从句，Dur footbat(team won the match结构完整，不缺成分。 that引出从句解释说职news,that本身无意义，不做包子成分. ②That引导定语从句，在日中担当主语，要语或表语，因此从句的 结构不完整，tht作主语时不可省，作要语、表语可省。 e.g.The news that we heard on the radio was not true. 主句，The news was not true. 从月，(that)we heard on the radio,包子结构不完整，少动词heard 的宴语，而that的作用就是担当安语，使句子结构完整，并修饰前面名词 news. 三、例超 1.（2018,牝京）Without his supp产ort,we9o4(d切'tbe we are now. A.how B.when C.where D.why I答豪】C 【解析】句意为，没有他的支特，找们就不会在我们现在所处的地方。 根据园意并结合回个选项可知，此处应用表地点的副词where引导表语 从日，故C项正确。 2.(2018·地京)Thss my father has taught me to aimays face difficutties and hope for the best. A.how B.which C.that D.what 【答象】D 【解析】园意为：这是找父来赦我的东西，永远直面困难，几事往好 处想。分析包子结构，可知s后的表语从包中缺少动词taught的黑语，所 以应用关系代词what引导，所以D项正确。 3.(2018.L)By boat is the onty way to get here,which is we arrived. A.where B.when C.why D.how I答案】D 【解析】句意为：乘船是到这儿来的唯一方式，这是钱们到这里的途径。 根据凌句中的byb0at,及匀意可知，空格处引导表语从匀，且车从包中作 104 0ec0语法 方式状语，故用h和w引导该从包，所以D项正确。 四、练习题 .(20l7-地京）Jane moved aimtess(y down the train(ined street,not knowing she was heading. 2.(2017)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to twenty dottar,half of it used to charge. 3.(2017:地京）Every year,makes the most beauti计ut kite w试twi切 a prize in the kite festival. 4.(2016~地京）You7 support is important to our work. you can do helps. 5.(2016.)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust. 6.(2016~天滓）The manager put forward a sug9 estion we should have assistant.There is too much work to do. 第七节 定语/从句 二、考点分析 1.定语从包及相关术语 (1)定语从包：修饰一个名词或代词的从回称为定语从包，一般紧 跟在它所修饰的先待词后。 (2)关系洞：引导定语从园的关联淘称为关系洞。 关系洞有关系代词和关系副词： 关系代词有that,which,when,whom,whose,as等， 关系副词有where,when,why等。 2.关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句，代替先行词：本定语从园中 担当一个成分。 二、知识枕理 载不知道需要 1.限刺性与非限制性定语从包 多长时间才能 (1)两者的区别 取得辉煌，找 只是想尽我所 ①限制性：对先行词起修饰限制作用，不可省略，否则句意就不完整。 能去成为最出 ②非限制性：对先待词起补充说明作用，往往由逗号福开。 色的篮球运动 (2)非限制性定语从句中关系代词和关系副洞的用法 员。 ①关系代词和关系副词任何情况下都不脑省略： ②who（主语)，whom(安语)，which(主语，安语)不驰用that代替. 105练习题答案 【解析】包义：学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得 成功的。语境说学生一直在努力学习，由此判断本空叙迷的是将来的动作， 应该用一较将来时，reward与their ef什orts之间为动实关系，因此这里需 要用被动态。 8.【答集】were used 【解析】结合第识可知，蒸汽机是过去的东西，而且steam en9ines与 u5e之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，所以填were used. 五、非谓语动词 1.【答策】to catch 【解析】句意为整个会议上，找一直在看钟表，因为找要赶火年，本 空所在部分用了have sth..toao结构表示“有事妻做”，函地这里用不定式 作定语修饰a train. 2.【答集】permitted 【解析】分析包子结构可知，Prmt与其逻辑主语之间是动实关系， 故填过去分词permitted作后置定语，相当于that/who,was permitted, 3.【答裹】to eat 【解析】根据句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式的主动形式作定语， 修饰不定代词something: 4.【答集】having developed 【解析】本句主语Many chinese brands与Devetop之间是逻辑上的主谓 关系，因此用现在分词，又根糖句中的时间状语Over centuries可知，此处 应该使用现在分词的完成式。 5,【答聚】to cook 【解析】地处不定式表示目的，意为摘掉成指以做饭，所以填和00k. 六、名洞性从句 I.【签集】where 【解析】包意为：Jane漫无目的地沿看绿树成荫的街道往前走，不知 道要去哪里，分析包子结构可知，空处引导要语从句，作动洞n0wg的要语， 且从句中缺少地点状语，故应用where引导。 The world may be 2.【答集】what fult of cheating 【解析】空处在句中引导宾语从句，且在安语从包中作char9e的安语， however we never 因此填what,Ha(f of what it used to charge意为，它过去所收价格的一半。 Lack friends with 3.【答案】whoever a warm heart. 【解析】匀意为：每年在风等节，风等做得最漂亮的人将赢得一份奖品 根据句意并分析匀子结构，可知空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语 249 名校学霸笔记英语 指人，且地处并无范国可言，表示任何人，所以填whoever 4.【答襄】Nhatever 【解析】匀意为：你的支持对找的工作很重要，你能做的任何事静会 有所帮助，分析句子结构和句意可知，本空需要连接代词引导主语从句并 在从句中做do的要语表示无论什么，所以填whatever.. 5.【答聚】that 【解析】园意为雨李，最令人愉快的事是人们可以完全摆脱灰尘，分 析勾子结构可以看出，本空需要连接词引导表语从匀，且连接洞在从匀中 不作任何成分，只起连接作用，所以用tht引导这个从包。 6.【答象】that 【解析】分析匀子结构可知，空处在引导从匀，解释说明s499esti0n的 具体内容，且从句句意和何子成分完整，所以用that. 七、定语从何 .【答案】which 【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从匀，先付词指代 前匀的内容，且关系词在从匀中作主语，故用关系代词whih: 2.【答象】whose 【解析】purposes与the wor(d food programme存在所属关系，比处指世 界粮食计刘署的宗省之一，空处在包中作定语，因此填whose. 3.【答集】whose 【解析】阅意为，找住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子总是很吵闲， 分析园子结构可知，空出在此处引导定语从句修饰a coup(e,且关系词在 从匀中作定语，所以填关系代词whose. 4.【答裹】when 【解析】分析匀子结构可知，空处所缺词引导定语从句。且车从包中 作时间状语，所以填关系副词when. 5.【答豪】which 【解析】句意：斜学家已经提出了许多关于人类为什么会流泪的理论， 其中没有一个得到了证明，浅句中的先行词是ma叫theorie5:,关系词在定 语从包中作叶的安语，应该填关系代词which,none o时which共同构成从句 的主语。 入、状语从句 ,【答豪】unti试 【解析】句意为，如采你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索，研完，以及和 其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明伯，根句意可知，空处应用试引导时 250