第5节 非谓语动词-高中英语学霸笔记

争分语法 【答豪】A 【解析】包意为：我被派到村里，看过去两年的发展汁别实施的怎么 样了。根据时间状语in the past two years可知，实施汁划的动作发生在我 列 被派到村里之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时，动词短语carry out 与宾主从句的主语the development pian之间是被动关系，应用被动语态， 故A项正确。 四、练习题 1.(2017:全国I)Fast food (be）fuil of fat and salt 2.(2017.全国I）Later en9 ineers_ (manage)to construct raitways in a system of the terminat,which became known as the tube. 3.(20l7:全国Ⅱ）My dad thinks I shou(d take the offer now.But at the moment,schoot come)first. 4.(2017:浙江）Pahisson and her husband (search)the kitchen, checking every corner,but turned up nothing. 5.(2017.天）I(drive）down to London when I suddendy found that I was on the wrong road. 6.(2016北京)1 (read)hatf of the English novet,and I witt try to finish it at the weekend. 7,(2016牝京）The students have been working hard on their(essons and their efforts (reward)with success in the end. 8.（20l7,全▣I)Steam engines（use)to put(the carriages.. 第五节非谓语动词 二、考点分析 非谓语动词包#：不定式，动名词，分词。非谓语一直是高考的热点。 解总时一定要分析包子结构，确定所没空是谓语还是非谓语，以及非谓语 动词在句子中充当的功能（如状语，定语，或要语）；找准相关动词的逻 辑主语，确定凌动词和逻辑主语的关系（主动还是被动）；搜索包子中相 关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。 非谓语 功范 形式 主动式doing 找可以接复失 具有名词功能 被动式being done 败，但无法接 动名洞 常在句中作主语，架语 完成时having done/having been 复放弃。 done 093 名校学霸笔记英语 非谓语 功能 形式 一般式done 表主动和正在进行 现在分词 进行式being done 常在句子中作定，状，料 完成时having been done 表将来具体菜一次 一般式done 过去分词 常在句中作主，定，状， 进行式being done 补 完成式having been done 一般式todo/to be done 表将来具体菜一次 动洞不定 进行式to be doing 式 常在句中作主，定，状， 完成式to have done/to have 补 been done 二、知双识梳理 ,分词、不定式作丧补 (1)感官动词，see,(ook at,watch,,observe,(isten to,hear,notice等和使 动词have后面的要朴有两种情况。 ①see/hear/have sb.do sth..表主动，全过程，动作已完成 see/hear…/have sb..doing sth.表主动，正在做某事 ①see/hear-/have sth,done表被动，动作已完成，没有一定时间性 see/hear“/have sth,being done表被动，正在做某事 e.g.I heard her sing an English song just now. I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. I heard an English song being sung by a (ittle girt when I passed by her room. I'd like to see the plan carried out. （2)Let sb.do sth.让m做… Let sth.be done让m-被做 (3)(eve后接非谓语动词作安补，意为“使…处于某种状态” (eave sb,.doi9sth.让某人一直做某事（表主动，正车进行） (eave sth.undone/unfinished/unsettled留下某事未做/未完成/未解决 (表被动) Leave sb.to do sth.留下某人做菜事（表将来的动作) (eave sth..to be done留下某事要做（表将来的动作） e.g.We hurriedly ended our meeting,Leaving many problems to be settled. 找们匆牡结束了会汉，留下了很多问短等特解决。（被动，将来） He Left eaving me to do att the rest work. 094 第6语法 他走了，留下找去做剩余的所有工作。（主动，将来】 (4)have,get可接不定式，现在分词，过去分词，三种形式 ①have sth..done =get sth.done让莱人做菜事 e.g.I'1 have/get my bike repaired tomorrow. ②have sth..done还有“使……遭度…”之意 e.g.Tom had his teg broken white playing footbatt. 钱现在所做的 ③have sb../sth.doing让某人/某物特续做- 一切，都是为 9etsb./sth.doing让某人/某物开始做…… 了追求更加完 not have sb.doing……不容忍菜人做m 美。 eg.Iwon't have you speaking to your parents(ike that.（容忍） ④have sb..do sth./get sb.to do sth..让菜人去做菜事 e.g.Mum had me go to the shop and buy some fruit. (5)动词/动词词组+sb,to do sth. advise attow ask,beg encourage expect,forbid,force,get intend, invite,tike,Love,order,persuade,prefer,remind,reguire,teach,tedt,want warm,wish,think,wait for,catt on,depend on... (persuade sb.to do sth."persuade sb.into doing sth./remind sb.of sth. (6)下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语 sb.be said/betieved/known/reported/considered/found/thought to do/to have done sth.表示据说/据认为/据了解/据报道/据认为/据发现/据 认为菜人要做/己做过菜事 e.g.He is said to have been a brilliant scholar. (7)不定式，现在分词作要料 ①下列动词在主动语态中后的不定式结构作宾补要省去t和，但在被动 语态中要加上和. 五看三使（动词）两听一感觉 五看，(ook at,see,watch,notice,observe 三使，make,let,have 两听：(isten to,hear 一感觉：feel e.g.I hate to see you leave so soon. Someone was heard to come up the stairs. ②以上动词后还可以用现本分洞作要补（除了《t,make动词 find,catch,keep,Leave也可)。 e.g.I'm sorry to have you waiting for such a (ong time. I caught her smoking in the bathroom. 095 名校学霸笔记英语 2.不定式、分词作定语 字 (1)若定语是不及物动词，或不定式修饰的名词，代词是不定式动 作的地点，工具。不定式后要有介词。 e.g.The Greens have a comfortable house to (ive. （若不定式修饰的名词是place,way,time,介词可省) e.g.He had no place to tive. (2)Have you got anything to be sent? 你有东西要寄吗？（寄东西的人不是你） ※此结构中不定式的主动式(t0do)的执行者是妇子的主语，若用 不定式结构的镜钠式(to be done)则说明不是由句子的主语去完成这个动 作。 (3)不定式表将来 e.g.The car to be bought is for you. 被修饰词前由序数词，最高级等词限制时，常用不定式结构作定语。 e.g.He was the first student to get up this morning. 被修饰的词是抽象名词时第用不定式结构作定语，如abi试ity,chance,.idea, fact excuse,promise,answer.replyattempt,betief,way,reason,moment,time. e.g.I have no chance to go abroad. (4)分词作定语 ①及物动词作定语，分词形式有： v.ing(主动关系) beng+过去分词（被动关系，正在进行） 过去分词（被动关系，表完成】 eg,The houses being build are for the teachers.(被动，正在进行) Things(ost never come again!(被动，完成) I have never seen a more moving movie.（主讷，表特征) ②不及物动词的分词形式作定语，v9表正在进行：vd(过去分词) 表己完成。 e9.boiling water沸腾的水 boi试ed water已烧开过的水 fal(ing(eaves正在掉落的叶子 fal(en(eaves己落下的叶子 (5)不定式的被动式(to be done)、过去分词(done)、现在分词的 被动式(being done)作定语的区别： to be done表示即将发生（将来） done表示已发生（完成） 096 争分语法 being done表示正在进付 e.g.The guestion to be discussed is an important one. Have you read the book written by Dickens? Listen!The song being sung is my favourite. 3.不定式，动名洞作来语的用法妻点 (!)下列动词只能跟不定式作安语 decide/determine,Learn,want,expect/hope/nish,refuse,manage,care, pretend,offer,promise,choose,ptan,agree,ask/beg,hetp 口决，决心学会想弟望，拒绝没法愿假装；主动答应运汁别，同意清 求帮一帮。 (2)下列动词后只跟动名词作宾语 口决：考虑建议盼原凉(consider,,suggest/advice,(ook forward to,excuse/ pardon) 承认推迟没得想(admit,detay/put off,fancy） 避兔错过继续练(avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice) 否认完成就攸赏(den,finish,enjoy/appreciate) 禁止想象才图俊(forbid,imagine,risk) 不禁介意准逃亡(can'the(p,mind,al(ow/permit,escape) 难以忍复使反对(can't stand,set about,object to) 想要成功坚持牡(feel(ike,succeed切，stick to/insist on,be busy) 习援放弃有因难(be used/accustomed to,give up,have difficu(-ty/trouble in) 导致专心防道款(Lead to,devote to,prevent/stop/keer"from",apologi2e for) (3)动词不定式在but,other than后而时，若前面有实义动词do的某 形式，不定式不蒂to,否则带to. e.g.We could do nothing but/other than wait. 找就是要做战 He had no choice but to wait. 得做的事，做 Wote:另外，在cannot choose but,cannot he(pbwt,had better,cannot but(只 找自乙，无论 场上场下，承 好)，would rather后面的不定式也无to. 担找的责任。 e.g.He cannot choose but me. 基本上这就是 4.不定式、分洞作状语 人的使命一知 (1)不定式作状语常用来表目地或结果 道你需要承担 e-g-I come to see you.I come in order to see you.(表目的) 什么。 (In order to)To Let some fresh air in,I opened the window. He studied so hard as to pass the examination. 097 名校学霸笔记英语 He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.（表s结果） I am glad/sorry/excited/angry"to do sth.(表原☒) (2)分词作状语 ①分词作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子主语一致，一般分词作状语有以 下形式： d0初刚（与包子主语是主动关系，表示与谓语动词同时或基本同时发生为 having done(与句子主语是主动关系，表示失于谓语动词发生)： done(与句子主语是被动关系，表示完成)， ben9done(与句子主语是被动关系，表示与谓语动词间时发生，一般 在包首作原因状语)： having been done(与园子主语是被动关系，表示失于谓语动词发生）。 分词作状语可以表时间，原函，结果，条件，让步，方式，件随等。 eg.When offered hetp,one often says“thank you'",(时i间) He wandered down the street,not knowing where to go.( He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces.( Heated water wil(become steam,.（条件） Warned of danger,he stitl went skating on the ice.( The students came into the classroom,laughing and talking.( ②独立成分作状语 9 enerally speaking一般来说 al以owing for考虑到…- judging from/.by根据……来判断 considering考虑到…m(given..） compared with./to与……相比 e.g.Considering your heatth.you'd better have a rest. ③然立主格结构 非渭语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语往往和句子主语一致，但有时非谓 语动词有其自己的主语，即构成独立主格，其形式为： 名词/代词+分词(doing/done）或不定式(todo） 还有wth+名词/代词（安语）+todo/doing/done(实语） e.g.His mother being itt,he was absent. There are 50 students in our ctass,1 5 girts inctuded. Weather permitting iwe are going to have a picnic. The test finished,we began our hotiday. 5.不定式的主动形式和被动形式的使用 (1)不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式在逻辑上构成主谓关系时， 098 争分语法 往往用主动形式。 e.g.Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon? (2)不定式如其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和句子主语 间是主谓关系时，用主动形式。 e.g.She has a sister to look after. (3)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和包中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关 在找的一生中 系时，多用主动表被动。 找失败了一次 e.g.The book is difficuit to understand. 又一次，一次 (4)There be句型中，若强调有人去完成某事时，不定式用主动：若 又一次，这就 强调事情本身被完成，则用被动式。 是我成功的原 e.g.There is a tot of work to do. 因。 (someone has to do the work) There is a tot of work to be done. (the work has to be done) 6.有些动词的魂在分词和过去分词形式可用作形容词，意义上有区别。 devetoped发达的 devetoping发展中的 excited,interested,puzzled surprised,satisfied... exciting,interesting,puzzting,surprising,satisfying... Note, 一ed形式表示“感到……的”多用来指人，人的声音或表情。 一刚形式常表示“令人““的”多阅来修饰事物的特点。 e.g.They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. The chairman announced the exciting news in an excited voice. 三、例恐 1.(2018地京) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. A.Travet B.Travelting C.Having traveled D.Traveled 【答策1B 【解析】分析⑧子结构可知，谓语动词还前面是主语部分，所以此处 应用动名词做主语，故B项正确。 2.(2018地京）Ordinary soap currently,can deat with bacteria effectivety. A.used B.to use C.using D.use 【答集】A 【解析】包意为正确使用普通肥皂，能有效处理细菌。本日的谓语 099 名校学霸笔记英语 动词是can deal with,故空格处应用非谓语动词，动词use与其辽辑主语 字 ordinary之间是被动关系，所以应用其过去分词形式作定语，所以A项正确。 3.(2018)Around 13500 new jobs were created during the period, the expected number of 1 2000 hetd by market analysts. A.having exceeded B.to exceed C.exceeded D.exceeding 【答集】D 【解析】包意为，在此期间，新增就业向位约13500个，超出市场 分析师认为的预期数字1200。分析勾子结构可知，exceed与其逻辑主语 around13500 new jobs之间为主动关系，而且表示自然而然的结果，故用 exceed的现在分词形式作结果状语，所以D项正确。 四、练习趣 1.(20l7·天津）I was watching the clock atl through the meeting,as I had a train (catch). 2.(2016.I When I was the first Western reporter(permit) to film a special unit caring for palace rescued from starvation in the wild. 3.(2016))For twenty-two days,she never teft her baby,not even to find something (eat). 4.(2017:江苏)Many Chinese brands (develop)their regulations over centuries,are facing new chadlenges from the modern market. 5.(20l7:浙江）Pahisson had removed the diamond rin_ cook )a meal. 第六节名词性从句 一、考点分析 名词性从句包持四种：主语从包，要语从包，表语从句，间位语从句。 主要有四种从句结构：以that引导的从包，以whether,计引导的从句， 以特殊疑问句引导的从句，以whatever,whichever,whoever等引导的从包。 二、知识枕理 1.that (1)主语从包：that+从句作主语时，常用花作形式主语。 常见的句型有： ①Ittbet形容词+that从句 形容词有： obvious good,true possibte,Likely naturat surprising wonderfut, 100练习题答策 【解析】包义：学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得 成功的。语境说学生一直在努力学习，由此判断本空叙述的是将来的动作， 应该用一般将来时；reward与their efforts之间为动宾关系，因此这里需 要用被动态。 8.【答集】were used 【解析】结合常汉可知，蒸汽机是过去的东西，而且steam engines与 u5e之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，所以填were used. 五、非渭语动词 .【答案】to catch 【解析1句意为整个会议上，找一直在看钟表，因为找要赶火车，本 空所在部分用了have sth.to4o结构表示“有事要做”，因此这里用不定式 作定语修饰a train. 2.【答集】permitted 【解析】分析句子结构可知，Prmt与其逻辑主语之间是动安关系， 故填过去分词permitted作后置定语，相当于that/who,was permitted,. 3.【答集】to eat 【解析】根据包子结构可知，此处用动词不定式的主动形式作定语， 修饰不定代词something: 4.【答集】having devetoped 【解析】本句主语Many chinese brands与Devetop之间是逻辑上的主渭 关系，因比用观在分词，又根掃句中的时间状语Dver centuries可知，地处 应该使用现在分词的完成式。 5.【答集1 to cook 【解析】比处不定式表示目的，意为摘掉戒指以做饭，所以填t0ck 六、名词性从包 ,【答集】where 【解析】包意为：Jane漫无目的地沿着绿树成荫的街道往前走，不知 道要去哪里，分祈包子结构可知，空处引导安语从包，作动词nwg的要语， 且从句中缺少地点、状语，故应用where引导。 The world may be 2.【答集】what fult of cheating 【解新】空处在自中引导宾语从句，且在案语从句中作charge的宾语， however we never 因此填what,Ha(竹of what it used to charge意为，它过去所收价格的一半。 lack friends with 3.【答集】whoever a warm heart. 【解析】包意为：每年在风等节，风等做得最课亮的人将羸藏得一份奖品， 根福包意并分析包子结构，可知空处引导主语从何，且在从句中作主语， 249