内容正文:
00语法
第三节情态动词
02
一、知识枕理
&
1.cankcould k be able to
(1)can和beab(eto表能力,意思上区别不大。但can只有现在和过
去时,而beab(eto则有更多的变化,更侧重成功完成某一动作,有舱力做,
一切在发生前
此时be able to相当于manage to,表示经过一番努力。
叫未如,在发
e.g.Can you use chopsticks?
生后再想就叫
The wounded man was still able to get to the vitlage and was saved.
拾好。
(2)can和cou(d都表能力,技能,许可,是议或请求和可形性。但
比较委婉容气地提出问题或陈述看法,一般用cou(d,间答时则用can。
e.g.Could you hetp me carry the bag?
He could ride a bike when he was seven.(舱力)
2.ma则&mght
(1)表示可能,may可能性大于mght.
e.g.-Why isn't he in class?
一He may be sick.(可舵性大)
一He might be sick..(可舱性小)
Note:May用于祈使匀表祝愿。
e.g.May you return in safety I
(2)表允许,may用于现车时或将来时,mght常用在间接引语中表过
去时,但mght也可用于现在时,表地较委烷的语气,此时回答用my
e.g.He may teave for Shanghai tomorrow.
He said he might leave for Shanghai the next day.
(3)表是议或请求,但mght比may更客气,而无过去时态的含义。
e.g.-May Might I use your bike?
-Yes,you can/may.No,you must not can not.
Note:may we(什动词原形,意为“很可能,有壳是理由可以…m”
eg丫o4 may we(say so.
(4)ma叫as wed(t动词原形,意为“最好,倒不如”
e.g.It is not very far,so we may as wett go on foot.
3.must have to
(1)mu5t表示必频,应该,无时态变化或表示肯定的推测,其否定形
式must not表示禁上做某事。
e.g.You must do everything as I do.
You must not smoke in the office.
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名校学霸笔记英语
(2)must的疑问包作否定阅答,用need not或do not,have to..
字
-Must I finish my homework at once?
-Yes,you must./No,you need not(do not have to).
Note:if you must9o,at(east wait ti(化the rain stops.(偏要,一定要)
(3)have to表“必频,不得不”,是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必
领不得不”做某事,也可表示经常的或习援性的事“必频”做,have to的
否定形式表示不必,have to可用于多种时态。
e.g.You witt have to clean your own boots when you join the army.
I have to be at my office every evening.
4.should ought to
(1)表应当,应凌,shou(d语气比ought to轻。
e.g.You should/ought to work hard.
(2)否定形式禁止。
e.g.Children should not/ought not to smoke.
(3)shouid可表“竞然”。
e.g.It is strange that he should be late again.
(4)shou(d可表陈述意见,提出建议或请求,而ought to可表功告之意。
e.g.You ought to run.
He suggested that they should teave at once.
5.will would
(1)w以用于各种人称,表示“意志,意愿,决心”等,否定式
would not.
e.g.I will tell you all about it.
Tom would not go to schoot today.
(2)试化用于疑问自中,常用在第二人称表示向说话的对方提出“清
求”或“询问”。
e.g.Witt you please tett her the news when you see her?
(3)w化表习惯性动作,有“总是,援于”的含义。
e.g.Fish witl die out of water.
(4)wou(d表客气地请求、建议或意愿。
e.g.Would you please be quiet?
(5)Wou(d表过去反复发生的动作。
e.g.When I passed my schoot,I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years
a90
6.need
need作“必要,需要”讲,即可用作情态动词,也可以作实义动词。
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争分语法
作实义动词后面的动词不定式用t0,其变化与一般动词相同。
eg,I need to think it over.(突义动词)
He dose not need to do it.(实义动词)
列
They need not do it right now.(情态动词)
-Need I go now?
一Yes,you must./No,you need not.(情态动词)
7.dare
dare表示“敕”,作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句知香定句中。
dare作实义动词,后可加todo结构,也可省略to,
e9.How dare you say that?(情态讷词)
She does not dare(to)ask her father.(实义动词)
一Dare you go home atone?(情态动词)
-Yes,I dare.No,I dare not.
8.used to
u5edto表过去常常发生的动作或习惯,但现在不存在了。
e.g.I used to get up early and take an hour's watk before breakfast.
9.shall
(1)sha(作为情态动词用于第二.三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有命令、
威赫、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。
e.g.You shatt have the book as soon as I finish it.(
He shatt be punished.(威胁)
(2)在疑问包中,sha(用来征求对方的意见或清求指示,第用于第一、
第三人称。
e.g.Shatt we begin our class?
(3)sha(化可用于宣传法律条文、规定,用于第三人称。
e.g.It has been announced that candidates shatk remain in their seat untit all
the papers have been collected.
10.情态动词thave done的用法及意义
must have done想必/一定做过…
can/cou(d have done本来舱够做…“;过去可能会做…
can not/cou(d not have done过去不可能/过表能够
心之所向,素
mag/might have done也许已经做"…,用于否定园中表示“可能不“
履以往;生如
should/ought to have done本应该做而没做
逆旅,一苇以
shou(dnot/ought not to have done本不应该做而做了
航。
needn't have done本不必做而做了
would(ike/(ove to have done本打算做
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名校学霸笔记英语
had better have done本凌做而没有做
否定,had better not have done
would rather have done宁愿当时做了
否定:would rather not have done
Note:“宁愿做菜多”的表达法(记住结构)
would rather do sth.(than do sth.)
would do sth.rather than do sth.
mould rather sb.did sth.
prefer to do sth.
prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.
11,情态动洞做推测性用法
(1)肯定
must一定,
w试(/wou(d总是,总会(按自然规律,习惯):
ought to/shoutd理应;
can/could有时可能会(有客观存在的条件):
may/mght也许。
(2)蚕定
can't/couldn't/shoutdn't/may not+be/do现在时:
be doing现在进行时;
have done过去时:
have been doing过去进行时。
(3)疑问,can,cow(d.
二、例磁
l.(20l8.地京)In today's information age,the to(oss of data
cause serious probdems for a company.
A.need
B.should
C.can
D.must
【答策】C
【解祈】句意为:在今天这个倍息时代,数据流失会给公司帝来严重
的问题。C项意为“筋,会”,符合句意,A项意为“需要”,B项意为“应
该”,D项意为“必频”,所以C项正确。
2.(2018.)I can't find my purse.I it in the supermarket yesterday,
but I'm not sure.
A.should Leave
B.must have teft
C.might Leave
D.should have teft
【答集】D
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0分语法
【解析】包意为:找找不到找的找包了,昨天找可能把它落在超市
了,但我不确定。对过去发生的事情进行猜测时,应用“情态动洞+have
done”结构,再根据but I am not sure可知,此处应用cou(d have done表示
对过去发生的事情不太肯定的推测:must have done表示对过去发生的事情
的肯定推测,所以D项正确。
3.(20l8-江苏)It is strange that he have taken the books without
志在顶峰的
the owner's permission.
人,决不会因
A.would B.should
C.could D.might
留恋半山腰的
【茶果】B
奇花异草而停
【解析】句意为:真奇怪,他竞然未经主人允许,就把书拿走了。在
止攀登的步
that引导的从匀中,表示惊海、意外等情绪,意为“竟然”,故B项正确。
伐。
三、练习趣
J.(2017:地京)Samuet,the tal以est boy in our class,easily reach
the books on the top shetf.
2.(2016)It was reaily annoying:I get across to the data bank
you have recommended.
3.(20l6:全国I,改错)We can chose between staying at home and taking a
trip.
4.(2018地京海淀区高三期中)The price on this packet is wrong.It
be82.50,not83.50.
5.(2016浙江杭州五校联考)I have never been to Standard though I
probably
第四节
动词的时态和语态
一、考点分析
1.考点
高考重点考查的十种时态:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,
现在进付时,过去进付时,将来进付时,现在完成时,过去完成时,现在
完成进行时。
2.易容混淆的三组动洞时态
一般现在时和现在完成时:
一般过去时和过去完成时,
过去完成时和现在完成时。
3.注意被动语态的用法。
087名校学霸笔记英语
三、情态动洞
1.【答襄】can
【解析】根据句意可知,空白处表能力,故用can。
2.【答集】cou(dn't
【解析】根据句意可知,应填couldn't表示不能够。
3.【答襄】chose→choose
【解祈】情态动洞后接动词原形。
4.【答案】should
【解析】根据园意可知,此处用shou(d表示应凌。
5.【答襄】shou(d
【解析】“shou(d have+过去分洞”用于指本凌发生而实际尚未发生
的情况。根据语境可知找从没去过stanford。尽管线可能理应去过。此处I
probab(y shoutd是省略包,其完整形式为I probab(y should have been there.
四、动词的时态和语态
1.【答集】还
【解析】此处是对客观情况的描迷,应用一较现在时。分析句子结构,
可知凌包缺少谓语动词,又因主语为fast food,所以填is。
2.【答集】managed
【解析】因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系,而且是发生在过去
的事情,所以填managed.
3.【答襄】comes
【解析】结合上句可知,此处应用一般现本式,且scho0(是第三人称
单数,所以填comes.
4.【答集】searched
【解析】结合后面的“turned u炉nothing'”以及语境,可知此处应用一
毅过去时,表示发生在过去的动作,所以填searched.
5.【答集】was driving
【解析】日义,我正开车去伦数,这是突然发现自己走错了路,这里
使用的园定包式be doing sth.when,表示“正在做菜事,这是奥然”,此
时主包用过去进行时,when后面的包子用一般过去式,因地填was driving:
6.【答襄】have read
【解析】句义:这本英文小说找己经读了一半了,周未找将尽力把它
读完,语境表示“已经滨了一半”,应该用现在完成时表示,说话之前己
经完成的动作,并且这个动作的结果对现在的情况仍有勒响。
7.【答集】witl be rewarded
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