9选择性必修第一册 作业(九) UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT(Ⅰ)-2025年高一英语暑假作业（人教版）

作业(九)　UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT(Ⅰ) Ⅰ.预习并熟记以下单词 1.physiology n.生理学；生理机能 2.artemisinin n.[药]青蒿素 3.crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的 4.malaria n.疟疾 5.vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 6.commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等) 7.academy n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校 8.academic adj.学业的；学术的 9.objective n.目标；目的；宾格 adj.客观的 10.botanical adj.植物学的 11.evaluate vt.评价；评估 12.property n.性质；特征；财产 13.distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 14.extract n.提取物；摘录 vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出 15.boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n.沸腾；沸点 16.liquid n.液体 adj.液体的；液态的 17.obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 18.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢 19.defeat n.失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜 20.analyse v.分析 21.apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 22.substance n.物质；物品；事实根据 23.insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 24.scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的 25.mostly adv.主要地；一般地 26.conclusion n.结论；推论 27.penicillin n.青霉素；盘尼西林 28.flee vt.& vi.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑 29.circumstance n. usually pl.条件；环境；状况 30.novelist n.小说家 31.novel n.(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的 32.flow n.流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动 33.chart n.图表 vi.记录；制订计划 Ⅱ.典题展示 (2024·四川乐山高一期中)假定你是李华，在你成长的过程中父母或老师对你帮助很大，请写一篇英语短文介绍其中一位，内容包括： 1.对你的帮助； 2.你的感受。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节、以使行文连贯。 My... ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [佳作品读] My English Teacher My English teacher Mr Wang is very kind and easygoing. He helps me a lot with my English. When I am in trouble(时间状语从句), he always encourages me to face my difficulties and gives me good suggestions. I still remember that once I failed in an English exam and was very upset，he cheered me up and told me to do more reading and practise listening every day. With his help, I made progress in English and learned it better and better(并列谓语). I'm very thankful for what he has done for me(what引导的宾语从句). I believe he will be proud of me in the future. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Our country made a ________(commit) to paying $50，000 to the Red Cross. 2.They insist on ________________(give) every detail of the case. 3.It's difficult for me to make a ________(distinct) between the twins. 4.After ________________(defeat) by her partner again，the girl decided to find a new way. 5.The film festival is ________(acknowledge) as an event of international importance. 6.________(apparent)，he told a lie to his parents，saying he had passed the exam. 7.Mr Smith，________ native language is English，can speak Chinese fluently. 8.There are two buildings，the larger of ______ stands nearly a hundred feet high. 9.First of all，volunteering can help us to learn more about society and gain ________(value) experience. 10.Over many years ________(flow) water wore deep grooves into the rock. Ⅱ.短语填空 die from; insist on；find out；draw a conclusion; graduate from；get stuck；lead to 1.“The error, if not checked, could __________ a overall disaster，” he said. 2.If you ever ________________， ask around for help until you are able to complete a given task. 3.Up to half of all smokers will ______________ a tobacco­related disease. 4.They need to interview some people and ________________ if they like their jobs. 5.________________________ USA, Qian Xuesen managed to come back home to serve our motherland. 6.The man ________________ retiring and trying to have a change of his life last year. 7.You had better keep on trying if you find it difficult to ________________. Ⅲ.完成句子 1.我们准备谈一谈上次会上讨论的问题。 We are going to talk about the problem ________________________________. 2.他考试又失败了。依我看来，与其说他笨倒不如说他懒。 He failed in the exam again.In my view，he was ________________________________. 3.他们坚持要他出席这次仪式。 They __________________________________ at the ceremony. 4.我买这本书的那个书店离这里不远。 The bookshop __________________________________________ is not far from here. 5.汤姆卖掉了他的房子，这(件事)使他的父亲很生气。 Tom sold his house，________________________________________________. Ⅰ.阅读理解 “I have travelled the world for 25 years in search of trouble，” admits Dr. David Nott in his recent autobiography，War Doctor: Surgery on the Front Line.“It is a kind of addiction, a pull I find hard to resist.” This pull has seen him use his surgical skills to help those in need by taking unpaid, month­long breaks from his “day job” as an NHS surgeon in the UK every year to work in conflict zones and disaster areas. He first worked in Sarajevo in 1993 as a volunteer with the French charity Médecins Sans Froatières.The hospital be worked in had so many holes in its walls caused by bombing and sniper (狙击手) fire that it was called the “Swiss Cheese Hospital”.It was his first insight into the terrifying reality of treating patients in a war zone.The hospital suffered power cuts during operations and he and his team were regularly shot at. But Nott found this exhilarating.“Going to Sarajevo, almost getting killed, I had never felt so wonderful.I really felt as though somebody bad injected me with something.I felt fantastic.I think to skirt death—and then to realize how close you are to death and that you survived it—is exciting.And that's the experience I've had many times over.” This attitude may seem reckless (鲁莽的), but it means that Nott has saved lives in desperate situations.In Gaza in 2014, he decided not to abandon a young girl in the middle of surgery despite being told that the hospital was about to be bombed.He carried on, no bombs fell and the girl survived.He has kept a photograph of them taken together three days later.In Yemen, he operated on the wife of a bomb­maker who had accidentally blown up his own house.Nott found a detonator (雷管) buried in her leg and bad to carefully dispose of it before continuing the operation. 1.What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to? A.Travelling the world. B.Working as a surgeon in a war zone. C.Performing surgeries on his patients. D.Taking month­long breaks from his day job. 2.When was the book War Doctor: Surgery on the Front Line, probably published? A.In 1993.　　 B.In 2014. C.In 2018. D.In 2021. 3.What makes the experience thrilling according to Nott? A.The feeling of narrowly escaping death. B.The thought of saving lives. C.The improvement of his surgery skills. D.The difficulty of working in desperate situations. 4.Which of the following words can best describe Dr.David Nott? A.Modest and courageous. B.Generous and strict. C.Careless and aggressive. D.Adventurous and selfless. Ⅱ.七选五 Many of us set goals, but sometimes we fail to achieve them.There are many causes why we don't manage to realize our goals.__1__There is a way, though, to help address this problem: set reminders.People employ a psychological strategy called cognitive (认知的) offloading, where we use a physical action to reduce demands on our brain.Specifically, we may outsource our intentions from being stored in our brains to reminders outside our head.__2__ Understanding the benefits of cognitive offloading can improve our ability to remember and follow through with our intentions.The biggest benefit is simply that it improves memory performance.It increases the probability that we will work towards the goals we need to reach.__3__“The more we offload unimportant information, such as items on a shopping list, the more we can use our brain for those more significant cognitive tasks, such as creativity，” said Sam Gilbert, professor at the University College London. __4__Still, there are potential negative parts for it.We are more likely to forget what we offloaded if we no longer access our storage, such as when our smartphone dies.We also tend to offload the important things we most want to remember.In a surprise test where their reminders were wiped clean, the participants were more likely to forget the important items and recall the unimportant ones, that is, the more important the intention we want to remember, the more likely we are to offload it—and to forget it. We'd better tend to create reminders when we think we need them, but not necessarily when we do need them.__5__“If our understanding of our memory ability is wrong, this suggests that we will either overuse or underuse reminders，” Gilbert said.“We can learn by noticing the times that we have forgotten to do something and could have used reminders to help.” A.Cognitive offloading has noticeable benefits. B.One common reason is that we simply forget them. C.Besides, it can free up our limited cognitive resources. D.A good example can be documents on our smartphone calendars. E.The process of cognitive offloading helps us identify false information. F.Our beliefs about how good our memory is directly influence whether we set them. G.Other experts say it's too soon to understand how cognitive offloading affects our brains. 情感描写之“悲伤”“沮丧”和“消沉” ★素材积累 固定短语 ①one's heart sinks 心沉下去 ②with a sinking heart 心情沉重 ③in an unpleasant mood/in low spirits 情绪低落 ④sadness comes in waves 悲伤如潮涌 ⑤an ocean of sadness 悲伤的海洋 ★语段写作 第一步　完成或翻译句子 1.得知自己没获奖，她的心沉了下去。 When she learned that she failed to win a prize, ________________________________.(动词) 2.她咬着下唇，心里很悲伤。 (1)She bit her bottom lip.______________________________________________(简单句) (2)________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________(with复合结构) 3.她情绪低落，拖着两条沉重的腿，疲惫不堪地回到了家。 ________________________________________________， tired out.(介词短语＋动作描写) 4.一进入自己的房间，她就觉得悲伤如潮涌。 On entering her room, __________________________________________.(夸张的修辞手法) 5.她一头倒在床上，忍不住痛哭。 She threw herself onto the bed, _______________________________.(副词＋动作描写＋并列句) 6.接下来的几天，她觉得自己像在悲伤的海洋里漂浮，什么都不想做。 The next following days, ______________________________________________________， not wanting to do anything.(名词短语) 第二步　将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 选择性必修第一册 作业(九)　UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT(Ⅰ) [能力提升] Ⅰ.1.commitment　2.being given　3.distinction 4.being defeated　5.acknowledged　6.Apparently 7.whose　8.which　9.valuable　10.flowing Ⅱ.1.lead to　2.get stuck　3.die from　4.find out 5.Having graduated from　6.insisted on 7.draw a conclusion Ⅲ.1.discussed at the last meeting 2.more lazy than stupid 3.insisted that he (should) be present 4.where I bought this book 5.which made his father very angry [知能演练] Ⅰ.[语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了大卫·诺特医生的自传《战地医生：前线的外科手术》，并讲述了他作为一名战地医生，富有冒险精神，在随时面临着死亡危险的绝境中无私又坚定地救助伤者的英勇事迹。 1.B　词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“It is a kind of addiction, a pull I find hard to resist.(这是一种上瘾，一种我无法抗拒的诱惑。)”和第一段最后一句“This pull has seen him use his surgical skills to help those in need by taking unpaid, month­long breaks from his ‘day job’ as an NHS surgeon in the UK every year to work in conflict zones and disaster areas.(在这种诱惑下，他利用自己的外科技能帮助那些需要帮助的人，他每年都会从他作为英国NHS外科医生的‘日常工作’中抽出长达一个月的无薪假期，前往冲突地区和灾区工作。)”可知，It指代的就是pull，一种诱惑，最后一句解释了这种诱惑就是他利用自己的外科技能在战争地区工作。故选B。 2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“‘I have travelled the world for 25 years in search of trouble，’ admits Dr. David Nott in his recent autobiography, War Doctor: Surgery on the Front Line.(大卫·诺特医生在他最近的自传《战地医生：前线的外科手术》中承认：我周游世界25年来一直在寻找麻烦)”和第二段“He first worked in Sarajevo in 1993 as a volunteer with the French charity Médecins Sans Froatières.(他第一次在萨拉热窝工作是在1993年，当时他是法国慈善机构无国界医生组织的志愿者。)”可知，这本书记录的是大卫医生在前线的做外科手术的事情，他1993第一次参加这种工作，书中又说他周游世界已经25年了，所以1993＋25＝2018。由此可推断，这本书可能是在2018年发表的。故选C。 3.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I think to skirt death—and then to realize how close you are to death and that you survived it—is exciting.And that's the experience I've had many times over.(我认为避免死亡——然后意识到你离死亡有多近，并且你活了下来——是令人兴奋的。这就是我多次经历过的事情。)”可知，大卫医生认为这种死里逃生的感觉是令人兴奋的。题干中的“thrilling”和文中的“exciting”是同义替换。故选A。 4.D　推理判断题。根据文章第三段“I think to skirt death—and then to realize how close you are to death and that you survived it — is exciting.And that's the experience I've had many times over.(我认为避免死亡——然后意识到你离死亡有多近，并且你活了下来——是令人兴奋的。这就是我多次经历过的事情。)”可推知，大卫医生是富有冒险精神的；根据文章最后一段“In Gaza in 2014, he decided not to abandon a young girl in the middle of surgery despite being told that the hospital was about to be bombed.He carried on, no bombs fell and the girl survived.(2014年，在加沙，尽管被告知医院即将被炸毁，他还是决定不抛弃正在接受手术的一个年轻女孩。他继续进行手术，没有炸弹落下，女孩也活了下来。)”和“In Yemen, he operated on the wife of a bomb­maker who had accidentally blown up his own house.Nott found a detonator (雷管) buried in her leg and bad to carefully dispose of it before continuing the operation.(在也门，他为一名炸弹制造者的妻子做手术，他意外炸毁了自己的房子。诺特发现一枚雷管埋在她的腿里，在继续手术之前，他必须小心处理。)”可推知，大卫医生是无私的。故选D。 Ⅱ.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了认知卸载的好处和坏处，以及什么时候创建提醒。 1.B　根据前文“There are many causes why we don't manage to realize our goals.(我们无法实现目标的原因有很多。)”可知，此处是说明无法实现目标的原因，所以B项“One common reason is that we simply forget them.(一个常见的原因是我们只是忘记了它们。)”符合主题，并引出下文“There is a way, though, to help address this problem: set reminders.(不过，有一个方法可以帮助解决这个问题：设置提醒。)”。故选B。 2.D　根据前文“People employ a psychological strategy called cognitive (认知的) offloading, where we use a physical action to reduce demands on our brain.Specifically, we may outsource our intentions from being stored in our brains to reminders outside our head.(人们采用一种叫作认知卸载的心理策略，即我们用身体动作来减少对大脑的需求。具体来说，我们可能会把我们的意图从储存在大脑里外包给大脑外的提醒)”可知，此处讲述了设置提醒具体方法，所以D项“A good example can be documents on our smartphone calendars.(一个很好的例子就是我们智能手机日历上的文档。)”是对此方法的具体举例，符合文意。故选D。 3.C　根据前文“Understanding the benefits of cognitive offloading can improve our ability to remember and follow through with our intentions.The biggest benefit is simply that it improves memory performance.It increases the probability that we will work towards the goals we need to reach.(了解认知卸载的好处可以提高我们的记忆能力和贯彻我们的意图的能力。最大的好处就是提高了记忆性能。它增加了我们朝着我们需要达到的目标努力的可能性。)”可知，此处在讲述了解认知卸载的好处，根据后文“‘The more we offload unimportant information, such as items on a shopping list, the more we can use our brain for those more significant cognitive tasks, such as creativity，’ said Sam Gilbert, professor at the University College London.(伦敦大学学院的教授山姆·吉尔伯特说：‘我们越不去想那些不重要的信息，比如购物清单上的东西，我们就越能把大脑用于那些更重要的认知任务，比如创造力。’)”是在讲述另一个好处，所以空处应是C项“Besides, it can free up our limited cognitive resources.(此外，它可以释放我们有限的认知资源。)”符合文意，描述另一个好处，引出下文。故选C。 4.A　分析设空，位于段首，根据后文“Still, there are potential negative parts for it.(不过，它也有潜在的负面影响。)”可知，空处应是承上启下的作用，由上文介绍好处，转到讲述缺点，所以A项“Cognitive offloading has noticeable benefits.(认知卸载有明显的好处。)”符合文意，承接上文，并和后文构成转折关系。故选A。 5.F　根据前文“We'd better tend to create reminders when we think we need them, but not necessarily when we do need them.(当我们认为我们需要提醒时，我们最好创建提醒，但不一定是在我们确实需要的时候。)”以及后文“‘If our understanding of our memory ability is wrong, this suggests that we will either overuse or underuse reminders，’ Gilbert said.(吉尔伯特说：‘如果我们对记忆能力的理解是错误的，这表明我们要么过度使用提醒，要么使用不足。’)”可知，空处应是过渡句，所以F项“Our beliefs about how good our memory is directly influence whether we set them.(我们对自己记忆力好坏的看法直接影响到我们是否能记好。)”是对前文的进一步说明，并引出下文。故选F。 [续写提能] 语段写作——第一步 1.her heart sank 2.(1)Sadness filled her heart. (2)She bit her bottom lip with sadness filling her heart. 3.In an unpleasant mood/In low spirits，she dragged her heavy legs back home 4.she felt that sadness came in waves 5.and couldn't help crying bitterly 6.she felt like she was floating in an ocean of sadness 第二步 When she learned that she failed to win a prize, her heart sank.She bit her bottom lip with sadness filling her heart.In an unpleasant mood/In low spirits, she dragged her heavy legs back home, tired out.On entering her room, she felt that sadness came in waves.She threw herself onto the bed, and couldn't help crying bitterly.The next following days, she felt like she was floating in an ocean of sadness, not wanting to do anything. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$