7必修第三册 作业(七) UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION-2025年高一英语暑假作业（人教版）

作业(七)　UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION Ⅰ.标记熟悉单词，回查陌生单词 □astronaut □procedure □mental □intelligent □rocket □gravity □frontier □vehicle □universe □determined □satellite □launch □orbit □giant □leap □mankind □agency □transmit □data □disappointed □desire □independently □spacecraft □spacewalk □jade □signal □recycle □muscle □lack □float □otherwise □beyond □solar □current □sufficient □soap □towel □microwave □tissue □facility □keen □globe □argue □argument □fatal □shallow □pattern □analysis □monitor □regularly □regular □pillow □smartphone □resource □limited □closing □mystery □attach □oxygen Ⅱ.典题展示 你班在英语课上就“太空探索是浪费时间和金钱吗？”这一话题进行讨论，请你写一篇发言稿。内容包括： 1.你的观点； 2.给出理由。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [佳作品读] Is Exploring Space a Waste of Time and Money? It's my privilege to deliver(it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语) a speech titled “Is Exploring Space a Waste of Time and Money？” From my point of view，exploring space has a variety of benefits.So my answer to this question is definitely No. Initially, the space is blessed with various resources which make a huge difference to our lives(which引导的定语从句).Furthermore，the endless space is a mass of countless mysteries, motivating us to unlock the ultimate secrets of universe and offering us a thorough insight into the world which we live in(现在分词作结果状语).Last but not least, exploration of space may help to find suitable habitats for humans in the future, making the consumption of time and money totally worth it(现在分词作结果状语). In a word, exploring space plays a considerably important role in the long river of humans' improvement.That's all, thank you! Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.The more ________ (regular)they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on­time performance will be improved. 2.David turned to me with tears spilling out of his eyes, saying with a ________ (determine) voice, “I will run.” 3.Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished produce that otherwise ____________________ (rot) in fields. 4.(2024·龙岩检测)What counts is that I can't wait to earn some pocket money to prove my ________ (independent). 5.Just 9% of global plastic waste ____________(recycle).Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution. 6.It is ________ (universe) acknowledged that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness. 7.When you're riding on trains，you won't be provided ________ a blanket for free，even if your trip is an overnight one. 8.Many people go crazy trying to figure ________ how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 9.You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result ________ a useful response. 10.The price of the house is so high that it is well ________ our range. Ⅱ.短语填空 carry on；on board；figure out；result in；as a result；provide for；in closing；a number of；be determined to；focus on 1.Many people go crazy trying to ________________ how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 2.It is reported that ________________ runners will take part in the race this Sunday. 3.He became a Messenger of Peace in 2013，________________ global education. 4.By distracting (分心) the mind from the pain, music can ________________ less pain. 5.The other students left the lab，but Jane stayed and ________________ with the experiment. 6.Alice can't leave the company，because she needs her work to ________________________ her family. 7.As long as we ________________ rise above difficult circumstances，life can be hopeful and colorful. 8.It was in September of 1620 when their ship called the “Mayflower” left port with 102 men，women，and children ________________. 9.________________，I would like to take the chance to express my thanks to my parents. 10.The food and service are very excellent.________________，more and more people come to his restaurant. Ⅲ.完成句子/一句多译 1.当双胞胎失望地环顾他们的四周时，他们的父亲出现了。 As the twins ______________________________________________，their father appeared. 2.通过上传视频，她不但在全球收获了上亿粉丝，而且把中国文化传播到世界各地。 By uploading videos，she not only gains hundreds of millions of fans around the globe，________________________________. 3.在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文之建议信) ______________________________________ during the process of learning a language. 4.我不想让我的父母失望，这就是我下定决心学好功课的原因。 (1)I don't want to let my parents down；__________________________ I'm determined to do well in my lessons. (2)I'm determined to do well in my lessons；________________________ I don't want to let my parents down. (3)The reason why I'm determined to do well in my lessons ____________________________ I don't want to let my parents down. 5.尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验，但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。 (1)Though they __________________________________________，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice. (2)__________________________________，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(省略句) (3)__________________________________，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(介词短语) Ⅰ.阅读理解 Animals were the real pioneers of space flight. Let us learn about some animals that have been to space. A.Fruit flies On February 20, 1947, the United States sent some fruit flies into space to study the impact that cosmic radiation (宇宙辐射) might potentially have on astronauts in the future. They chose flies because they are genetically similar to humans. When they returned to Earth, the scientists found the flies alive, with no evidence of the effects of radiation. B.Mice Mice have long been used to find out more about how space travel will affect the human body. In fact, NASA has recently published a study of mice housed at the International Space Station. It shows that mice quickly adapt to microgravity (微重力) conditions. The very first mouse went into space in 1950, reaching an altitude of 137 km. However, unlike the fruit flies, the mouse died when the rocket broke into parts due to a parachute (降落伞) failure. C.Dogs Laika, a Russian homeless dog, went to space on November 3, 1957. She was picked up on the streets and was thought suitable because she had a gentle temperament (性情) and behaved well. The scientists also believed a homeless dog would be better at dealing with difficult conditions like microgravity than a pet dog. Laika is famous for being the first animal to orbit (环绕……运行) the Earth. However, she never returned. D.Spiders In 1973, two garden spiders called Anita and Arabella were used in an experiment to see if they could still build webs in space. Both spiders managed to build webs, even though the webs were slightly finer than on Earth. The study showed a great deal about the effects of microgravity on motor response (运动反应). 1.What can we learn about the mouse astronaut? A.It failed to come back alive. B.It couldn't survive in microgravity conditions. C.Its genes were similar to humans'. D.It was the first animal to be sent to space. 2.Laika was chosen by the scientists for all the following reasons EXCEPT ________. A.her good temperament B.her identity as a pet dog C.her ability to deal with microgravity D.her good behavior 3.What's the purpose of sending the two spiders to space? A.To compare the quality of webs they made on Earth and in space. B.To study the impact of cosmic radiation on their survival. C.To see how fast they could build webs in space. D.To see whether they could build webs in space. Ⅱ.完形填空 It was an April evening.I went to my __1__ and did some work in my flower garden.Suddenly, I felt a(n) __2__ blow to the right side of my neck.It felt as though someone had __3__ me.I reached up and realized that I had been shot with an arrow.I __4__ to my husband.Ed ran to me and told me to __5__.Then he went to call 911. At the hospital, I tried hard to make my family and friends __6__， but the looks on their faces told me that they weren't __7__ it.Soon they took me for a CT scan(扫描) to determine the __8__ of the arrow.The doctors told me how __9__ I was.The arrow had gone between the carotid artery(颈动脉) and the jugular vein(颈静脉). After the operation, the doctor told us something that __10__ our world again.He said the CT scan had __11__ that I had a brain tumor(肿瘤).I was __12__， of course. The brain surgery was __13__.Had it not been for that arrow, I would have died from a brain tumor! The arrow is __14__ than the space it went through.It actually pushed the artery to the side.The arrow should have killed me.What a miracle(奇迹)! Bad luck may be a(n) __15__ in disguise(伪装). 1.A.kitchen B.backyard C.bedroom D.garage 2.A.shallow B.awkward C.frightening D.embarrassing 3.A.hit B.touched C.pulled D.caught 4.A.shouted B.whispered C.announced D.talked 5.A.put away B.run away C.lie down D.break down 6.A.anxious B.relaxed C.confident D.inspired 7.A.caring B.enjoying C.recalling D.buying 8.A.damage B.appearance C.length D.location 9.A.terrible B.lucky C.typical D.sensitive 10.A.created B.ruled C.rocked D.changed 11.A.shown B.designed C.summarized D.explored 12.A.tired B.bored C.puzzled D.shocked 13.A.normal B.successful C.fruitless D.challenging 14.A.smaller B.shorter C.larger D.longer 15.A.honor B.enemy C.gift D.injury 情感描写之“尴尬”和“羞愧” ★素材积累 形容词　 embarrassed, awkward, ashamed，guilty，embarrassing, shameful 名词/动词 embarrassment, awkwardness, embarrass, guilt，shame 固定 短语 ①in/with embarrassment 尴尬地 ②with/in shame 羞愧地 ③be struck dead with shame 羞愧得要死 ④hide one's embarrassment掩饰某人的尴尬 ⑤blush with embarrassment因难为情而脸红 ★语段写作 第一步　完成或翻译句子 1.“他又饿又穷，但他是个诚实的人，”她的丈夫颤抖地说，涨红的脸上写满了窘迫。 “He was hungry and poor, but he was truly an honest man，” her husband said with a trembling voice, ______________________________________________.(独立主格结构) 2.一听到这话，女人羞愧地坐在那里，满脸涨得通红。 (1)On hearing the words，__________________________， and ______________________.(形容词作状语＋简单句) (2)On hearing the words, ___________________________________.(形容词作状语＋非谓语动词) 3.她怎么会对这样一个善良而负责任的男人发怒呢？ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4.她从椅子上站起来，犹豫了一会儿，想着如何掩饰内心的尴尬。 She rose from her chair, and hesitated for a moment，__________________________________________________________.(名词作宾语) 5.她垂下眼睛，盯着自己的脚，希望没有人会注意到她有多尴尬。 She dropped her eyes and stared at her feet, ________________________________.(形容词作表语) 6.就像一个犯了错误的孩子，她甚至没有勇气直视丈夫的眼睛。 Like a child who had made a mistake, ________________________________________.(神态描写) 第二步　将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 作业(七)　UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION [能力提升] Ⅰ.1.regularly　2.determined　3.would have rotted 4.independence　5.is recycled　6.universally　7.with　8.out　9.in　10.beyond Ⅱ.1.figure out　2.a number of　3.focusing on 4.result in　5.carried on　6.provide for　7.are determined to　8.on board　9.In closing　10.As a result Ⅲ.1.looked around them in disappointment 2.but also spreads Chinese culture all over the world 3.You can never attach too much importance to reading 4.(1)that's why　(2)that's because　(3)is that 5.(1)were lacking in/lacked cooking experience (2)Though lacking cooking experience (3)For lack of cooking experience [知能演练] Ⅰ.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物在太空探索中的历史和作用。 1.A　细节理解题。根据B.Mice部分中“However, unlike the fruit flies, the mouse died when the rocket broke into parts due to a parachute (降落伞) failure.(然而，与果蝇不同的是，当火箭因降落伞故障而破裂时，老鼠就死了。)”可知，老鼠宇航员没能活着返回。故选A。 2.B　细节理解题。根据C.Dogs部分中“She was picked up on the streets and was thought suitable because she had a gentle temperament (性情) and behaved well. The scientists also believed a homeless dog would be better at dealing with difficult conditions like microgravity than a pet dog.(她是在街上捡来的，因为她性情温和，表现得很好，所以被认为很合适。科学家们还认为，流浪狗比宠物狗更能适应微重力等恶劣环境。)”可知，流浪狗Laika被选中有三个原因：性情温和、表现得很好、更能适应微重力等恶劣环境。B项中的“她的宠物狗身份”是一错误表述。故选B。 3.D　细节理解题。根据D.Spiders部分中“In 1973, two garden spiders called Anita and Arabella were used in an experiment to see if they could still build webs in space.(1973年，两只名叫安妮塔和阿拉贝拉的花园蜘蛛被用于一项实验，看看它们是否还能在太空中织网。)”可知，把两只蜘蛛送上太空的目的是为了看它们能否在太空中织网。故选D。 Ⅱ.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在花园里被人用箭射中了右颈，去医院检查后发现这支箭射在了颈动脉和颈静脉之间，不会造成生命危险。医生在检查中还发现作者患上了脑瘤，但由于发现比较早，所以手术很成功。这支箭救了作者一命，作者意识到有的时候厄运可能是伪装的馈赠。 1.B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我”去了“我”的后院，在“我”的花园里做了一些工作。A.kitchen厨房；B.backyard后院；C.bedroom卧室；D.garage车库。根据句中的“did some work in my flower garden”可知，作者去了后院的花园。故选B。 2.C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然，“我”感到脖子右侧受到了可怕的一击。A.shallow浅的；B.awkward令人尴尬的；C.frightening令人害怕的，骇人的；D.embarrassing令人尴尬的。根据下文中的“I had been shot with an arrow”可知，作者被箭射中了，所以她感到脖子右侧受到了可怕的一击。故选C。 3.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：感觉好像有人打了“我”。A.hit击，打；B.touched触摸；C.pulled拉，拽；D.caught捉住。根据下文中的“I had been shot with an arrow”并结合常识可知，被箭射中时非常疼痛，感觉好像被人打了。故选A。 4.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我”对丈夫大喊。A.shouted大声说，叫；B.whispered耳语；C.announced宣布；D.talked谈话。根据下文中的“Ed ran to me”并结合当时严重的情形可知，作者冲着丈夫大喊，让丈夫过来帮助她。故选A。 5.C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：埃德跑过来叫“我”躺下。A.put away把……收起；B.run away逃离；C.lie down平卧，躺下；D.break down出故障。根据下文中的“Then he went to call 911.(然后他打了911。)”并结合常识可知，看到作者中箭了，为了防止移动时失血加速，最稳妥的方法就是躺下不动，等待救援。故选C。 6.B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在医院，“我”努力让家人和朋友放松，但他们脸上的表情告诉“我”他们并不放心。A.anxious焦虑的；B.relaxed放松的，镇静的；C.confident自信的；D.inspired受鼓舞的。根据空前的“I tried hard to make my family and friends”可知，作者努力让担心的朋友和家人放松下来。故选B。 7.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.caring关心；B.enjoying喜欢，享受；C.recalling回忆起；D.buying 购买，接受，相信。but表示转折，but前“tried hard to make my family and friends __6__”说作者努力想让朋友和家人放松下来，所以这里是说他们并没有放松，他们脸上的表情说明了他们不接受作者的安慰。故选D。 8.D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，他们带“我”去做了CT扫描，以确定箭头的位置。A.damage伤害；B.appearance 外表；C.length长度；D.location地点，位置。根据句中的“they took me for a CT scan(扫描)”和下文中的“The arrow had gone between the carotid artery(颈动脉) and the jugular vein(颈静脉).(箭射中了颈动脉和颈静脉之间。)”可知，做CT扫描是为了确定箭头的位置。故选D。 9.B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医生告诉“我”“我”是多么幸运。A.terrible糟糕的；B.lucky幸运的；C.typical 典型的；D.sensitive敏感的。根据下文中的“The arrow had gone between the carotid artery(颈动脉) and the jugular vein(颈静脉).(箭射中了颈动脉和颈静脉之间。)”可知，作者受伤的位置完美避开了颈动脉和颈静脉，所以不会危及生命，因此作者很幸运。故选B。 10.C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：手术后，医生告诉我们一件再次震撼我们世界的事情。A.created创造；B.ruled 统治；C.rocked使震惊；D.changed改变。根据下文中的“I had a brain tumor(肿瘤)”可知，医生说作者得了脑瘤，这是中箭事件后再一次震惊大家的事情。故选C。 11.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说CT扫描显示“我”有脑瘤。A.shown表明，展示；B.designed设计；C.summarized 概括，概述；D.explored探索。根据空前的“the CT scan”和空后的“that I had a brain tumor(肿瘤)”可知，CT扫描显示作者有脑瘤。故选A。 12.D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我”当然很震惊。A.tired疲倦的；B.bored厌倦的；C.puzzled困惑的；D.shocked震惊的。根据上文中的“the doctor told us something that __10__ our world again”和“I had a brain tumor(肿瘤)”可知，医生告诉他们说作者有脑瘤，这再次震撼了大家，所以作者也很震惊。故选D。 13.B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：脑部手术很成功。A.normal正常的；B.successful成功的；C.fruitless没有成果的；D.challenging挑战性的。根据下文中的“Had it not been for that arrow, I would have died from a brain tumor！(要不是那支箭，我早就死于脑瘤了！)”可知，作者的脑部手术进行得很成功。故选B。 14.C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：箭头比它穿过的空间大。A.smaller更小的；B.shorter更短的；C.larger更大的；D.longer更长的。根据下文中的“It actually pushed the artery to the side.(它实际上把动脉推到了一边。)”可知，箭头能把动脉推到了一边，由此可知，箭头要比它穿过的空间大。故选C。 15.C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：厄运可能是伪装的礼物。A.honor荣耀；B.enemy敌人；C.gift礼物；D.injury 受伤。根据空前的“Bad luck may be”和空后的“in disguise(伪装)”并结合上文可知，作者因为中箭受伤而无意中发现了脑瘤，结果箭头没有伤及要害，脑瘤也得到了及时手术，作者看似很倒霉，其实因祸得福，因此她觉得厄运可能是伪装的礼物。故选C。 [续写提能] 语段写作——第一步 1.embarrassment written in his red face 2.(1)the woman sat there ashamed　felt her face burning (2)the woman sat there ashamed, feeling her face burning 3.How could she be angry with such a kind and responsible man? 4.wondering how to hide her inner embarrassment 5.hoping no one would notice how embarrassed she was 6.she even had no courage to look into her husband's eyes 第二步 “He was hungry and poor, but he was truly an honest man，” her husband said with a trembling voice, embarrassment written in his red face.On hearing the words, the woman sat there ashamed, feeling her face burning.How could she be angry with such a kind and responsible man? She rose from her chair, and hesitated for a moment, wondering how to hide her inner embarrassment.Then, she dropped her eyes and stared at her feet, hoping no one would notice how embarrassed she was.Like a child who had made a mistake, she even had no courage to look into her husband's eyes. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$