专题01 动词时态讲练-【八升九】2025年新九年级英语暑期衔接讲义（人教版）

专题01 动词时态讲练 ( 语法解析 ) 动词主要用来表示动作、状态和性质,而动作和状态的发生有具体的时间和表现方式,这就是英语中动词的时态。英语中动词的时态由动词的不同形式来表示。 一般现在时 1.定义：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.构成：do,does/be(am,is,are)——动词变三单 past now future 3.基本句型: 句型： do does(三单) am,is,are 陈述句 I drink water every morning. She drinks water every morning. She is late for school. 否定句 I don’t drink water every morning. She doesn’t drink water every morning. She is not late for school. 疑问句 Do you drink water every morning? Yes, I do./No,I don’t. Does she drink water every morning? Yes,she does./No,she doesn’t. Is she late for school? Yes,she is./No,she isn’t. 4.时间标志：一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays. 如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫) They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) (1)表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。 如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转) Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) (2)条件状语从句中(以if,unless,as soon as引导)满足“主将从现”，表条件用一般现在时。 如：If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) We will stay at home as soon as it rains tomorrow. 5.动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则 规则 例词 在词尾加-s speak- speaks work- works 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i加-es study- studies carry- carries 以s/x/sh/ch/o结尾的动词，加-es teach- teaches watch- watches kiss- kisses wash-washes do- does 不规则变化 have- has ( 随堂训练 ) 一．单项选择 1.Jenny likes reading. She ________ picture books with her mum every evening. A．is reading B．was reading C．reads D．will read 2.We will hold the sports meeting unless it ________. A．rain B．rains C．will rain D．doesn’t rain 3.Not only Tim but also Sue and I ________ interested in DIY. We often make nice things. A．am B．are C．was D．were 4.Not only Tom but also his sisters ________ fond of reading stories about science. A．are B．is C．were D．was 5.The water in the river ________ a lot and we should ________ money to repair (修缮) the broken bridge as soon as possible. A．raises; rise B．rises; raise C．rises; rise D．raise; rises 二．完成句子 1.认识从实践开始Knowledge practice. 2.如果明天下雨,我们就不去公园了。If it tomorrow,we to the park. 一般过去时 1.定义： 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。 2.构成：did/be(was,were)——动词变过去式 3.基本句型: 句型： did was,were 陈述句 I saw him yesterday. She was a student. 否定句 I didn’t see him yesterday. She wasn’t a student. 疑问句 Did you see him yesterday? Yes, I did./No,I didn’t. Was she a student? Yes,she was./No,she wasn’t. 4.时间标志：yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等。 如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的) Little Tom broke the window at half past nine yesterday.(小汤姆昨天早上九点半把窗子打破了) He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市) 5.动词的过去式变化规则 过去式 一般在动词原形后加-ed work—worked 以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed carry—carried study—studied 以e结尾的动词,直接加-d live—lived 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ed stop—stopped plan—planned ( 随堂训练 ) 1.—I still don’t know what ________ while I was away from home. —You’ll know it all some day, I believe. A．was happening B．would happen C．happened D．was happened 2.The baby ________ 3 kilogram at birth. Do you know her ________ now? A．weighs; weigh B．weighed; weight C．weighted; weigh D．weighed; weighs 3.China ________ many foods ________ the poor areas during the war. A．provided, for B．provides, with C．provided, with D．provides, for 4.The light in our classroom ________ . So we’re waiting for someone to ________ a new one. A．went wrong; put up B．go wrong; put in C．go wrong; put up D．went wrong; put in 5.—Have you ever visited Sanwan Park, Wilson? —Yes, I have. I ________ in Yangzhou for two weeks last summer. A．stays B．was staying C．have stayed D．stayed 二．正确形式填空 1.His careless driving (lead) to a serious traffic accident the other day. 2.However, we (lose) everything in the fire and only had the clothes we were wearing. 3.When he (call) me yesterday, I was walking in the street. 4.I (communication) with Jack my pen friend by email the other day. 5.The environmental situation they were used to (improve) a lot last year. 一般将来时 1.定义：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 2.构成：will+do/be(am,is,are) going to do 3.基本句型: 句型： will do be(am,is,are) going to do 陈述句 I’ll go to the zoo tomorrow. I am going to the zoo tomorrow. 否定句 I won’t go to the zoo tomorrow. I am not going to the zoo tomorrow. 疑问句 Will you go to the zoo tomorrow? Yes, I will./No,I won’t. Are you going to the zoo tomorrow? Yes,I am./No,I am not. 4.时间标志：一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等。 (1)用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”用于所有人称。 如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了) You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了) (2)be going to和will之间的区别。 1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you. ( 随堂训练 ) 一．单项选择 1.—We don’t know if Nancy ________ to have a picnic with us this weekend. —Let’s make a phone call to check it. A．comes B．will come C．is coming D．came 2.—If we do nothing to protect giant pandas, there ________ no more giant pandas in the future. —I can’t agree with you more. A．will have B．will has C．will be D．will be going to have 3.—The weather report says there will be ________ tomorrow. —Don’t worry. It will be ________ soon. A．rainy; sun B．rainy; sunny C．rain; sun D．rain; sunny 二．正确形式填空 1.I don’t know if he (come) to my birthday party tomorrow. 2.What a beautiful place! I hope I (visit) it again in the future. 3.No one knows if the famous scientist (attend) the meeting next Friday. 4.You’d better start right now. Otherwise, you (not catch) the train. 5.You (pass) the exam next Monday if you study hard all the time. 现在进行时 1.定义：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 2.构成：助动词be (am is are ) +doing——动词变现在分词 句型： be (am is are ) +doing 陈述句 He is washing the dishes now. 否定句 He is not washing the dishes now. 疑问句 Is he washing the dishes now? Yes, he is./No,he isn’t. 3.时间标志：现在进行时的时间状语有:now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等。 如：What are you doing now?(你现在在干什么？) I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说) (1) 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。 如：I’m coming now.(我就来) What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？) He is leaving soon.(他就要走了) 4.进行时和always连用，表示“赞赏”“反对”“埋怨”等情绪。 He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。 You are always leaving thing about. 你总是乱丢东西。 5.动词现在分词（v-ing）的构成规则 规则 例词 一般情况直接加-ing thing-thinking sleep-sleeping say-saying 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加-ing wake-waking make-making come-coming 以重读闭音节结尾的单词，呈现“辅+元+辅”构成的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing stop-stopping sit-sitting run-running forget-forgetting begin-beginning 以-ie结尾的动词，把-ie变为y，再加-ing die-dying lie-lying tie-tying ( 随堂训练 ) 一．单项选择 1.— I called you yesterday, but you didn’t answer. — Sorry. I ________ a report on animal protection. A．read B．am reading C．was reading D．will read 2.— Is it ________ in SuQian in summer? — Yes. Look! It’s ________ now. A．raining; raining B．rainy; raining C．raining; rain D．rain; rainy 3.About seventy per cent of our classmates ________ in the playground. A．is play B．are play C．is playing D．are playing 4.—Alan, it’s late. Why not go to bed? — Jenny hasn’t come back yet. I _______ for her. A．waited B．have waited C．am waiting D．was waiting 5.The summer holidays are coming, so the twins as well as Jack ______to Hong Kong for vacation. A．is going B．are going C．goes D．go 二．正确形式填空 1.Let’s go and find out why the boy (cry) so sadly over there. 2.I don’t want him to help me because he (prepare) for his exams. 3.Not only her parents but also Jerry _______ (record) changes in birds’ numbers now. 4.— Hurry up! Mark and Carol (wait) for us at the bus stop. — Just a minute! I’m coming. 5.— The alarm clock is broken and there’s a lot of traffic and the weather is...... — Oh, boy, you (make) up an excuse again, can you just admit (承认) your mistake？ 过去进行时 1.定义：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 2.构成：助动词be (was，were ) +doing——动词变现在分词 3.基本句型: 句型： be (was,were) +doing 陈述句 He was washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 否定句 He was not washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 疑问句 Was he washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday? Yes, he was./No,he wasn’t. 4.时间标志：过去进行时的时间状语有：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。 如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭) (1) when和while引导的时间状语从句用进行时。 when: at or during the time时间段或者时间点 when+did or be doing did.... when ...be doing did...when...did be doing when ...did while: during the time 时间段 while + be doing did...while...be doing be doing while... be doing while和when都是表示同时，到底句子中是用when还是while主要看从句和主句中所使用的动词是短暂性动作(瞬时动词)还是延续性动作,进行时态一般是延续性的，过去式一般是短暂性动作。区别如下： 1、若主句表示的是一个短暂性的动作，而从句表示的是一个持续性动作时，两者都可用。如： He fell asleep when [while] he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。 I met him when [while] I was taking a walk in the park. 我在公园散步时遇到了他。 2、若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用 while。如： Don't talk while you're eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候，我默不作声。 3、若从句是一个短暂性动作，而主句是一个持续性动作，可以 when 但不用 while。如： When he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他进来时，我在听收音机。 It was raining hard when we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。 4、若主、从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作，一般要用 when。如： I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。 ( 随堂训练 ) 一．单项选择 1.—Sandy, what is your plan for the coming winter holiday? —Pardon? I’m sorry. I ________ about something else. A．think B．thought C．am thinking D．was thinking 2.—Why didn’t you come to our party yesterday? —Sorry. I ________ a football match on TV from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. and forgot the time. A．watched B．was watching C．am watching D．will watch 3.—Did you watch the celebration 25th anniversary of Macao’s return to motherland? —Oh, no! I _________ a report at that time. A．wrote B．was writing C．am writing D．would write 4.—Is everything ready for the New Year Party? —I guess not. Henry and Hans ______ the room when I met them this morning. A．decorate B．decorated C．are decorating D．were decorating 二．正确形式填空 1.We (climb) the hill when it began to rain yesterday. 2.—Did you see Anne outside the door just now? —Sure. She (ring) someone, so I nodded to her and went away. 3.When I arrived at the theatre, all the followers (wait) for the show to start. 4.Sorry, I didn’t hear your word. I (think) about which book to read next. 5.The children (do) their homework when the power went out. 三．完成句子 1.当我进来时,他正在读书。 2.你写信的时候,我在看书 现在完成时 1.定义：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 2.构成：have (has)+done——动词变过去分词 基本句型: past now future 句型： have done has done 陈述句 I have seen that film before. She has seen that film before. 否定句 I haven’t seen that film before She hasn’t seen that film before. 疑问句 Have you (ever) seen that film before? Yes, I have./No,I haven’t. Has she (ever) seen that film before? Yes, she has./No,she hasn’t. 3.时间标志：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。 如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画) He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国) (1)for和since的用法及区别。for与一段时间连用，since与时间点连用。注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。 2010 2020 如：I have lived here for 10 years.(我已经住在这10年了) I have lived here since 2010. (since 10 years ago) (从2010年开始，我就已经住在这了) 4.在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表： 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep open be open close be closed begin/start be on come be here go be there finish be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold put on wear wake up be awake fall asleep be asleep lose not have join be in leave be away arrive/reach be 5.提示：have been to, have gone to和have been in的区别 have been to 曾经去过某地（现在已经回来了），常与just, ever, never等副词连用。 have gone to 去了某地（现在还没有回来），表示说话时某人已不在现场，可能在去的途中，也可能已经到达目的地。 have been in 已经在某地，表示状态，后面常接表示“时间段”的状语。 ( 随堂训练 ) 一．单项选择 1.—Is Ms. Green in the office now? —No. _______ the library. A．He has been to B．He has gone to C．She has been to D．She has gone to 2.—Sorry, Miss Tang, I am late. —It doesn’t matter. The class ________ for just several minutes. You don’t miss too much. A．began B．has begun C．has been on D．is beginning 3.Astronauts (宇航员) on the Chinese Space Station _______ some plants already, and it helps us learn about living in space. A．grew B．were growing C．have grown D．will grow 二．正确形式填空 1.Linda has not (realize) the importance of doing exercise. 2.The government (try) to stop people from littering recently. 3.It has been five years since he (teach) at primary school. 4.—Can I use the computer to search for information now? —Of course, we (repair) it. Help yourself! 5.Have you ever (write) to your parents to ask for help? 6.He to London. He will be back in two weeks. (go) 7.I have the book for two days. (keep) 8.25 years (pass) since Hong Kong returned to China. 三．完成句子 1.你已经看过这部电影了吗? 2.我已经买这本词典三年了。 时态的判定 初中阶段需掌握六种基本时态。学生可根据以下5点来判断不同时态的选用。 （1）巧用提示辨时态 遇到时态题时，首先要寻找时间标志词，如果题干中有时间标志词，可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态。需要注意的是，个别时间状语可用于不同的时态中，考生需具体情况具体对待。 如：I a high school student this September.I can’t wait! A. am B. was C. have been D. will be 方法点拨 第1步：分析语境：今年九月我就会是一名高中生了。我等不及了! 第2步：分析选项，A项：一般现在时；B项：一般过去时；C项：现在完成时；D项：一般将来时。第3步：根据时间状语this September以及句子描述可知选D。 （2） 细心体会辨语境 在有些情况下，动词的时态是由上下文语境来决定的，这就要求我们既要理解上下文的语境，也要掌握各种时态的灵活运用。 如果一个英语句子中既没有出现时间状语，也没有可供判断时态的上下文，那么就应当把这个句子翻译成中文，利用我们的母语知识来判断这个句子该用何种时态。 如： —Where is Miss Li?—She ___ the laboratory. A. is going to B. has gone to C. went to D. goes to 方法点拨 第1步：分析语境“李老师在哪里？” “她去实验室了。”第2步：分析选项，A项：一般将来时；B项：现在完成时；C项：一般过去时；D项：一般现在时。第3步：结合语境可知这里指“李老师去图书馆的动作发生在过去，在双方说话时她还没回来”，应用现在完成时，故选B。 （3） 主从时态须呼应 主从复合句中谓语动词时态的一致主要有以下几种情况： ①“主将从现”原则。如果主句是一般将来时,从句是由 when, after, before, not...until, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句以及由 if, unless 引导的条件状语从句时，谓语动词应用一般现在时表示将来时。 如：He is going to be a scientist when he ____up. A. grows B. grew C. will grow D. has grown 方法点拨 when引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时。故选A。 ②在主从复合句中，如果主句和从句的谓语动词表示的两个动作都发生在过去，而且有明显的先后顺序，那么，延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when和while引导的时间状语从句中出现。 如： The children ___ a picnic in the park when it suddenly began to rain. A. have B. are having C. had D. were having 方法点拨 找出题目中的关键词“when”。when引导的时间状语从句的时态为一般过去时，且“began”为短暂性动词，主句表示延续性的动作，谓语动词应用过去进行时。故选D。 ③在含有“since从句”的主从复合句中，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。另外，在“It’s+一段时间+since+从句”句式中，since 后面的从句常用一般过去时。 如： —Long time no see!—Oh! It five years since we met last time. A. was B. were C. has been D. have been 方法点拨 句意为“好久不见！”“哦！自从我们上次见面以来已经五年了。”since是现在完成时态的标志词，因此主句应用现在完成时态。主语It是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用has。故选C。 ④当主句谓语动词的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，后面跟的宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制，可根据具体情况，选用各种合适的时态。 如：I don’t know if he ___ to play basketball with us. A. comes B. came C. will come D. has come 方法点拨 句意为：我不知道他是否会来和我们一起打篮球。if作为“是否”讲，宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制，因为事情还没有发生，应用一般将来时。故选C。 ⑤“时态一致”原则。在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词需用相应的某种过去时态。 如：I didn’t understand ___, so I raised my hand to ask. A. what my teacher says B. what does my teacher say C. what my teacher said D. what did my teacher say 方法点拨 第1步：分析选项可知本题考查宾语从句的语序及时态。宾语从句需用陈述句语序,排除B和D项。第2步：根据“时态一致”原则,即主句的谓语动词为过去时态，从句的谓语动词需用相应的某种过去时态。故选C。 （4）上下一致定时态 在这种情况下，动词的时态是由上下文已有的时态信息来确定，这就要求我们准确判断上下文所表达的时态信息，确定恰当的时态。 如： —I can’t find David. Where is he?—He for tomorrow’s competition at home. A. prepares B. prepared C. is preparing D. has prepared 方法点拨 第1步：分析语境：“我找不到大卫。他在哪儿？”“他正在家里为明天的比赛做准备。”第2步：问句为一般现在时，可知答语表示他此刻正在为明天的比赛做准备，应用现在进行时，故选C。 （5）瞻前顾后巧搭配 在英语中，不少句型与一些动词在时态的运用方面都存在着特定的对应关系。 ①在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，陈述句中用will表示一般将来时。 如：Hurry up, or you ____ the early bus. A.miss B. missed C. will miss D. have missed 方法点拨 分析句子结构可知这是“祈使句+or +陈述句”句型，陈述句的谓语要用“will+动词原形”，故选C。 ②在This/That/It is the first time that... 句型中用现在完成时。若is改为was，就用过去完成时，有时以上结构中的 first 也可换成 second， third， fourth 等，其中的time也可换成其他名词。 如：This is the first time that I ___ a baseball game. A. am watching B. was watching C. have watched D. will watch 方法点拨 分析句子结构可知此处考查This is the first time…句型，后面所加从句应用现在完成时。故选C。 ( 综合训练 ) 一．单项选择 1.The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister. A．which; is B．whom; was C．who; is D．who; was 2.— Music and Art will enter the Entrance Examination for the high school. Is it true? — Yes. But don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them. A．will pay B．will be paid C．pays D．is paid 3.I can’t find my pen. I think somebody must ________ it up. A．had picked B．has picked C．have picked D．pick 4.Our class are going to have a picnic tomorrow. If you don’t go, ________. A．so do I B．neither do I C． neither will I    D． either will I 5.—When shall we go and play basketball? —Not until the work ________ tomorrow. A．is finished B．have finished C．will be finished D．will finish 6.Linda is excited about the coming weekend because she ________ several old friends. A．sees B．saw C．has seen D．is going to see 7.—Why didn’t you come to the party last night? —I don’t like staying with others. I ________ reading alone instead. A．prefer B．enjoyed C．suggest D．dislike 8.Justin can’t help me to move the piano because he ________ English online. A．is studying B．studied C．will study D．studies 9.By the time we ________ the railway station, the train ________ for ten minutes. A．got to; had been away B．reached; had left C．arrived; had been away D．arrived at; has left 10.—Did you see Linda come back last night? —No, she (study) for an exam all the night in the school library. 二.时态填空 A Have you heard of the Chinese Poetry Conference? It is a kind of TV show held on CCTV. And if you have ever watched the show, you must know the man called Peng Min. Peng 1.  （be） interested in Chinese poetry ever since he was a little boy. The man usually 2.  （say） he can recite more than 1,000 Chinese poems. But his success at the Chinese Poetry Conference didn’t come easily. Peng has taken part in the show many times. During his previous（以前的） appearances, he 3.  （make ） many silly mistakes. He failed twice. But his love for poetry didn’t die. This year, he was back. “Even if I lose again, at least I’ve tried. But if I’m afraid of trying, I 4.  （be） more of a loser,” Peng said. Finally, he became the winner in the fifth season. B Loni loved the town where she lived with her grandma. From their window,Loni and her grandma watched people walk and run along the busy street. At the crossing, a guide dog 5.  （help） its owner cross the street. “Grandma, I love living here. I hope our town will never change,” said Loni as she watched them walking. “We have a great town now, Loni,” smiled Grandma. “But did you know that in the past there were only farms here? It 6.  （look） very different when my great-grandmother（曾祖母）was a little girl.” Grandma showed Loni a picture of a young girl standing next to a barn（谷仓）. There were only dusty（布满灰尘的） roads in the town with a river flowing through, and people mainly 7.  （go） on a trip by boat, by horse or on foot. “Our town 8.  （change） a lot so far,” said Loni proudly. “I believe it 9.  （keep） growing and will become more and more attractive, just like me.” 三．语法填空 For this year's Spring Festival family dinner, my son has booked a table at the best restaurant in the town. But I'm a bit unhappy about the 1 （choose）. For me, it just won't feel like the Spring Festival 2 （have） the dinner out. I don't understand 3 some people prefer eating out for dinner. When I was a little boy, the dinner 4 the eve of the Spring Festival was what I looked forward to most. It was not 5 （simple） for the delicious food that we seldom got to eat. More importantly, it's 6 opportunity for the whole family to gather together. I would run around the house, listening to the adults 7 （chat） about their year and watching mum cooking dishes. In the evening, all of us would sit around the table, enjoying the food. The simple, homemade dishes tasted 8 （delicious） than anything cooked by a top chef. I hope that, in the future, my children and their children 9 （value） our memories of preparing the dinner together. To me, the process is even more important than the dinner 10 （it）. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 动词时态讲练 ( 语法解析 ) 动词主要用来表示动作、状态和性质,而动作和状态的发生有具体的时间和表现方式,这就是英语中动词的时态。英语中动词的时态由动词的不同形式来表示。 一般现在时 1.定义：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.构成：do,does/be(am,is,are)——动词变三单 past now future 3.基本句型: 句型： do does(三单) am,is,are 陈述句 I drink water every morning. She drinks water every morning. She is late for school. 否定句 I don’t drink water every morning. She doesn’t drink water every morning. She is not late for school. 疑问句 Do you drink water every morning? Yes, I do./No,I don’t. Does she drink water every morning? Yes,she does./No,she doesn’t. Is she late for school? Yes,she is./No,she isn’t. 4.时间标志：一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays. 如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫) They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) (1)表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。 如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转) Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) (2)条件状语从句中(以if,unless,as soon as引导)满足“主将从现”，表条件用一般现在时。 如：If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) We will stay at home as soon as it rains tomorrow. 5.动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则 规则 例词 在词尾加-s speak- speaks work- works 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i加-es study- studies carry- carries 以s/x/sh/ch/o结尾的动词，加-es teach- teaches watch- watches kiss- kisses wash-washes do- does 不规则变化 have- has ( 随堂训练 ) 一．单项选择 1.Jenny likes reading. She ________ picture books with her mum every evening. A．is reading B．was reading C．reads D．will read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：珍妮喜欢读书。她每天晚上和妈妈一起读图画书。 考查一般现在时。由“every evening”可知，句子应用一般现在时，She作主语，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故选C。 2.We will hold the sports meeting unless it ________. A．rain B．rains C．will rain D．doesn’t rain 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除非下雨，否则我们将举行运动会。 考查动词的时态。根据“We will hold the sports meeting unless it...”可知，句子为unless引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则；主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时，主语为“it”，谓语动词应用三单形式，排除A和C；根据语境可知，此处是指除非下雨，否则我们将举行运动会，排除D。故选B。 3.Not only Tim but also Sue and I ________ interested in DIY. We often make nice things. A．am B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不仅是蒂姆，还有苏和我都对自己动手做东西感兴趣。我们常常做出很棒的东西。 考查be动词用法。根据“We often make nice things.”可知句子是一般现在时态；“Not only...but also...”在连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与离它最近的主语保持一致，在这个句子中，离谓语动词 “be” 最近的主语是 “Sue and I”，是两个人，为复数形式，所以要用 “are”。故选B。 4.Not only Tom but also his sisters ________ fond of reading stories about science. A．are B．is C．were D．was 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不仅汤姆而且他的姐姐们也喜欢读科学故事。 考查主谓一致。本句为一般现在时，陈述一个事实；not only ... but also ...连接并列主语时，谓语用就近原则，离谓语最近的主语his sister是复数。故选A。 5.The water in the river ________ a lot and we should ________ money to repair (修缮) the broken bridge as soon as possible. A．raises; rise B．rises; raise C．rises; rise D．raise; rises 【答案】B 【详解】句意：河水涨了很高，我们应该筹集资金尽快修缮这座断桥。 考查动词辨析。rise上升，上涨，为不及物动词；raise举起，筹集，为及物动词。第一空指河水上涨，填不及物动词rises；第二空表示“筹钱”，money作宾语，填及物动词raise。故选B。 二．完成句子 1.认识从实践开始Knowledge practice. 2.如果明天下雨,我们就不去公园了。If it tomorrow,we to the park. 【答案】1. begins with.2.rains,won’t go 一般过去时 1.定义： 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。 2.构成：did/be(was,were)——动词变过去式 3.基本句型: 句型： did was,were 陈述句 I saw him yesterday. She was a student. 否定句 I didn’t see him yesterday. She wasn’t a student. 疑问句 Did you see him yesterday? Yes, I did./No,I didn’t. Was she a student? Yes,she was./No,she wasn’t. 4.时间标志：yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等。 如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的) Little Tom broke the window at half past nine yesterday.(小汤姆昨天早上九点半把窗子打破了) He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市) 5.动词的过去式变化规则 过去式 一般在动词原形后加-ed work—worked 以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed carry—carried study—studied 以e结尾的动词,直接加-d live—lived 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ed stop—stopped plan—planned ( 随堂训练 ) 1.—I still don’t know what ________ while I was away from home. —You’ll know it all some day, I believe. A．was happening B．would happen C．happened D．was happened 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我仍然不知道我离家时发生了什么。——我相信，总有一天你会知道这一切的。 考查时态。根据“while I was away from home”可知，此处是指离开家的时候发生的事，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，动词用过去式，happen无被动语态，排除D。故选C。 2.The baby ________ 3 kilogram at birth. Do you know her ________ now? A．weighs; weigh B．weighed; weight C．weighted; weigh D．weighed; weighs 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个婴儿出生时重3公斤。你知道她现在的体重吗？ 考查动词和名词。weigh重，动词原形；weighs动词三单形式；weighed动词过去式；weight重量，名词。第一空，根据“The baby … 3 kilogram at birth.”可知，此处是指婴儿出生时重3公斤，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式weighed；第二空，根据空前形容词性物主代词“her”可知，此处是指她的重量，应用名词weight。故选B。 3.China ________ many foods ________ the poor areas during the war. A．provided, for B．provides, with C．provided, with D．provides, for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：中国在战争期间给贫困地区提供了许多食物。 考查动词短语和时态。provide sth for sb和provide sb with sth“为某人提供某物”，是固定短语。根据“some foods”可知，应用provide sth for sb；根据“during the war”可知事情发生在过去，谓语动词用过去式。故选A。 4.The light in our classroom ________ . So we’re waiting for someone to ________ a new one. A．went wrong; put up B．go wrong; put in C．go wrong; put up D．went wrong; put in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们教室的灯坏了。所以我们正在等人来安装一个新的。 考查动词的时态和动词短语。put up张贴；put in放入，安装。go wrong表示“发生故障”，根据“So we’re waiting for someone”可知，灯坏了是发生在过去的事情，用过去式；根据“The light in our classroom went wrong. ”可知，灯坏了，应该是等人来安装一个新的。故选D。 5.—Have you ever visited Sanwan Park, Wilson? —Yes, I have. I ________ in Yangzhou for two weeks last summer. A．stays B．was staying C．have stayed D．stayed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——威尔逊，你去过三湾公园吗？——是的，我去过。去年夏天我在扬州待了两个星期。 考查动词时态。根据“in Yangzhou for two weeks last summer.”可知，该句是一般过去时，描述过去的动作，为一般过去时。故选D。 二．正确形式填空 1.His careless driving (lead) to a serious traffic accident the other day. 【答案】led 【详解】句意：他的粗心驾驶导致了几天前的严重的交通事故。根据“the other day”可知，句子时态应用一般过去时，此处谓语动词lead的过去式为led。故填led。 2.However, we (lose) everything in the fire and only had the clothes we were wearing. 【答案】lost 【详解】句意：然而，我们在火灾中失去了一切，只剩下了我们穿的衣服。根据“and only had”可知，and表并列，前后动词形式一致。had为过去式，故空处用lose的过去式。故填lost。 3.When he (call) me yesterday, I was walking in the street. 【答案】called 【详解】句意：昨天他打电话给我时，我正在街上走。根据“yesterday”可知，从句应用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填called。 4.I (communication) with Jack my pen friend by email the other day. 【答案】communicated 【详解】句意：前几天我和我的笔友杰克通过电子邮件交流。根据“the other day”可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式，communication“交流”，名词，动词形式为communicate，communicate with sb“和某人交流”，过去式为communicated。故填communicated。 5.The environmental situation they were used to (improve) a lot last year. 【答案】improved 【详解】句意：去年，他们习惯的环境状况改善了很多。improve改善，动词。根据last year可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式improved。故填improved。 一般将来时 1.定义：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 2.构成：will+do/be(am,is,are) going to do 3.基本句型: 句型： will do be(am,is,are) going to do 陈述句 I’ll go to the zoo tomorrow. I am going to the zoo tomorrow. 否定句 I won’t go to the zoo tomorrow. I am not going to the zoo tomorrow. 疑问句 Will you go to the zoo tomorrow? Yes, I will./No,I won’t. Are you going to the zoo tomorrow? Yes,I am./No,I am not. 4.时间标志：一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等。 (1)用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”用于所有人称。 如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了) You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了) (2)be going to和will之间的区别。 1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you. ( 随堂训练 ) 一．单项选择 1.—We don’t know if Nancy ________ to have a picnic with us this weekend. —Let’s make a phone call to check it. A．comes B．will come C．is coming D．came 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们不知道本周末Nancy是否会来跟我们一起野餐。 ——让我们打电话确认一下吧。 考查动词时态。comes一般现在时；will come一般将来时（表示预测）；is coming现在进行时或进行体表示将来（暗示计划的准备工作在进行中）；came一般过去时。根据“this weekend”和答语可知，应该用一般将来时，排除A、D；本句是对将来的情况进行预测，排除C。故选B。 2.—If we do nothing to protect giant pandas, there ________ no more giant pandas in the future. —I can’t agree with you more. A．will have B．will has C．will be D．will be going to have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——如果我们不采取任何措施保护大熊猫，未来就不会再有大熊猫了。——我非常同意你的观点。 考查there be结构的将来时。根据“there...in the future”可知此处是there be结构的将来时“there will be”。故选C。 3.—The weather report says there will be ________ tomorrow. —Don’t worry. It will be ________ soon. A．rainy; sun B．rainy; sunny C．rain; sun D．rain; sunny 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——天气预报说明天会下雨。——别担心。很快就会晴了。 考查there be和一般将来时。第一句是there be的一般将来时：there will be+名词。rainy是形容词，表示“下雨的”；rain可以作动词，表示“下雨”，作名词表示“雨水”。第一空应填名词，排除AB选项；第二空应用形容词sunny“天晴的”作表语，故选D。 二．正确形式填空 1.I don’t know if he (come) to my birthday party tomorrow. 【答案】will come 【详解】句意：我不知道他明天是否回来参加我的生日聚会。 分析所给句子，为主从复合句，主句使用一般现在时，从句中的tomorrow“明天”为一般将来时的标志，这里从句谓语动词使用will come。故填will come。 2.What a beautiful place! I hope I (visit) it again in the future. 【答案】will visit 【详解】句意：多么美丽的地方啊！我希望将来能再去参观。根据“I hope...”可知，该句是宾语从句，从句时态遵循“主现从不限”的原则，结合“in the future”可知，从句的时态是一般将来时，其结构为will+do。故填will visit。 3.No one knows if the famous scientist (attend) the meeting next Friday. 【答案】will attend 【详解】句意：没有人知道这位著名的科学家是否会参加下周五的会议。本句为If引导的宾语从句，根据“next Friday”可知，从句时态为一般将来时，其结构为will do，故填will attend。 4.You’d better start right now. Otherwise, you (not catch) the train. 【答案】won’t catch/will not catch 【详解】句意：你最好现在就开始。否则，你将赶不上火车。根据“You’d better start right now. Otherwise, you…the train.”可知，此处指你最好现在就开始，否则，你将赶不上火车；第二句应用一般将来时，其结构为“will do”，will的否定形式为will not/won’t。故填won’t catch/will not catch。 5.You (pass) the exam next Monday if you study hard all the time. 【答案】will pass 【详解】句意：如果你一直努力学习，你下周一将通过考试。根据“if you study hard all the time.”可知，此句是if引导的条件状语从句，句子主句部分描述的是将来有可能实现的动作，因此应用一般将来时，动词用“will + 动词原形”，will pass“将通过”。故填will pass。   现在进行时 1.定义：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 2.构成：助动词be (am is are ) +doing——动词变现在分词 句型： be (am is are ) +doing 陈述句 He is washing the dishes now. 否定句 He is not washing the dishes now. 疑问句 Is he washing the dishes now? Yes, he is./No,he isn’t. 3.时间标志：现在进行时的时间状语有:now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等。 如：What are you doing now?(你现在在干什么？) I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说) (1) 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。 如：I’m coming now.(我就来) What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？) He is leaving soon.(他就要走了) 4.进行时和always连用，表示“赞赏”“反对”“埋怨”等情绪。 He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。 You are always leaving thing about. 你总是乱丢东西。 5.动词现在分词（v-ing）的构成规则 规则 例词 一般情况直接加-ing thing-thinking sleep-sleeping say-saying 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加-ing wake-waking make-making come-coming 以重读闭音节结尾的单词，呈现“辅+元+辅”构成的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing stop-stopping sit-sitting run-running forget-forgetting begin-beginning 以-ie结尾的动词，把-ie变为y，再加-ing die-dying lie-lying tie-tying ( 随堂训练 ) 一．单项选择 1.— I called you yesterday, but you didn’t answer. — Sorry. I ________ a report on animal protection. A．read B．am reading C．was reading D．will read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨天我给你打电话，但是你没有接。——抱歉。我正在读一个关于动物保护的报道。 考查过去进行时。根据“yesterday”和“but you didn’t answer”可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在发生的事情，时态为过去进行时，其谓语结构为“was/were+doing”，主语为I，be动词用was，故选C。 2.— Is it ________ in SuQian in summer? — Yes. Look! It’s ________ now. A．raining; raining B．rainy; raining C．raining; rain D．rain; rainy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——宿迁夏天下雨吗？——对。看！现在下雨了。 考查形容词和时态辨析。raining下雨，动词现在分词；rainy多雨的，形容词；rain雨，名词。根据“Is it…in SuQian in summer?”可知，此处应是询问天气，rainy“多雨的”，形容词作表语，符合语境；根据“Yes. Look! It’s…now.”中的“now”可知，此处指的是现在正在下雨，句子时态为现在进行时，其谓语结构为：am/is/are doing，raining“下雨”，现在分词，符合语境。故选B。 3.About seventy per cent of our classmates ________ in the playground. A．is play B．are play C．is playing D．are playing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：大约百分之七十的同学在操场上玩。 考查主谓一致。百分数修饰名词时，谓语的单复数与of后的名词单复数保持一致，“classmates”是复数，助动词用are，后接现在分词构成现在进行时结构，故选D。 4.—Alan, it’s late. Why not go to bed? — Jenny hasn’t come back yet. I _______ for her. A．waited B．have waited C．am waiting D．was waiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——“艾伦，很晚了，为什么还不睡？——詹妮还没有回来。 我_____她” 本题考查时态运用。由语境分析，艾伦现在是正在等詹妮回来。应用现在进行时态。故选C。 5.The summer holidays are coming, so the twins as well as Jack ______to Hong Kong for vacation. A．is going B．are going C．goes D．go 【答案】B 【详解】句意: 暑假就要到了，所以双胞胎以及杰克将去香港度假。as well as：表示“不但……而且”“既是……也是”“而且”“还”。当 as well as 连接两个成分作主语时, 其后的谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。结合句意和语境可知选B。 二．正确形式填空 1.Let’s go and find out why the boy (cry) so sadly over there. 【答案】is crying 【详解】句意：让我们去看看那边那个男孩为什么哭得那么伤心。根据“Let’s go and find out”可知，此时男孩正在哭，因此用现在进行时。句子主语是the boy，be动词用is，cry的现在分词是crying。故填is crying。 2.I don’t want him to help me because he (prepare) for his exams. 【答案】is preparing 【详解】句意：我不想让他帮我，因为他正在准备考试。根据“I don’t want him to help me because he… for his exams.”可知，此处强调此时正在为考试做准备，用现在进行时强调现在正在发生的动作，主语he是第三人称，助动词用is，故填is preparing。 3.Not only her parents but also Jerry _______ (record) changes in birds’ numbers now. 【答案】is recording 【详解】句意：不仅是她的父母，杰瑞现在也在记录鸟类数量的变化。根据“now”可知句子时态是现在进行时，其结构为am/is/are+现在分词。not only...but also“不但……而且……”，遵循就近原则，record“记录”，是动词，其主语为Jerry，是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is recording。 4.— Hurry up! Mark and Carol (wait) for us at the bus stop. — Just a minute! I’m coming. 【答案】are waiting 【详解】句意：——快点！马克和卡罗尔在公共汽车站等我们。——等一下！我来了。根据前文“Hurry up”表催促且后文“Just a minute! I’m coming.”可推测Mark和Carol应该是正在等，要用现在进行时谓语用“be doing”。又因为主语是“Mark and Carol”是复数要用“are”。故填are waiting。 5.— The alarm clock is broken and there’s a lot of traffic and the weather is...... — Oh, boy, you (make) up an excuse again, can you just admit (承认) your mistake？ 【答案】are making 【详解】句意：——闹钟坏了，路上还塞车，还有天气…… ——哦，孩子，你又在编借口，你就不能承认你的错误吗？根据句意可知，此时前者正在编造借口，而打断了前者的话，故用现在进行时；“make”的现在分词是“making”。故填are making。 过去进行时 1.定义：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 2.构成：助动词be (was，were ) +doing——动词变现在分词 3.基本句型: 句型： be (was,were) +doing 陈述句 He was washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 否定句 He was not washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 疑问句 Was he washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday? Yes, he was./No,he wasn’t. 4.时间标志：过去进行时的时间状语有：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。 如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭) (1) when和while引导的时间状语从句用进行时。 when: at or during the time时间段或者时间点 when+did or be doing did.... when ...be doing did...when...did be doing when ...did while: during the time 时间段 while + be doing did...while...be doing be doing while... be doing while和when都是表示同时，到底句子中是用when还是while主要看从句和主句中所使用的动词是短暂性动作(瞬时动词)还是延续性动作,进行时态一般是延续性的，过去式一般是短暂性动作。区别如下： 1、若主句表示的是一个短暂性的动作，而从句表示的是一个持续性动作时，两者都可用。如： He fell asleep when [while] he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。 I met him when [while] I was taking a walk in the park. 我在公园散步时遇到了他。 2、若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用 while。如： Don't talk while you're eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候，我默不作声。 3、若从句是一个短暂性动作，而主句是一个持续性动作，可以 when 但不用 while。如： When he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他进来时，我在听收音机。 It was raining hard when we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。 4、若主、从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作，一般要用 when。如： I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。 ( 随堂训练 ) 一．单项选择 1.—Sandy, what is your plan for the coming winter holiday? —Pardon? I’m sorry. I ________ about something else. A．think B．thought C．am thinking D．was thinking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——桑迪，你对即将到来的寒假有什么计划？——什么？对不起，我刚才在想别的事情。 考查动词时态。根据“I’m sorry”及“about something else”可知，此处是在解释刚才没有听到对方说话的原因，因为刚才正在想别的事情，所以应该用过去进行时。故选D。 2.—Why didn’t you come to our party yesterday? —Sorry. I ________ a football match on TV from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. and forgot the time. A．watched B．was watching C．am watching D．will watch 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你昨天为什么没来参加我们的聚会？——对不起。我从晚上7点到8点半在看足球比赛，忘记了时间。 考查过去进行时。根据“yesterday”和“from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m”可知，此处表示过去某个时间段正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，结构是was/were doing。故选B。 3.—Did you watch the celebration 25th anniversary of Macao’s return to motherland? —Oh, no! I _________ a report at that time. A．wrote B．was writing C．am writing D．would write 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你看了澳门回归祖国25周年庆祝活动吗？  ——哦，没有！那时我正在写一份报告。 考查过去进行时。根据“Did you”以及“at that time”可知，此处指的是过去某个时间段内一直进行的动作，应用过去进行时，故选B。 4.—Is everything ready for the New Year Party? —I guess not. Henry and Hans ______ the room when I met them this morning. A．decorate B．decorated C．are decorating D．were decorating 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——新年聚会的一切都准备好了吗？——我想不是。今天早上我遇见亨利和汉斯时，他们正在装饰房间。 考查过去进行时。根据“Henry and Hans…the room when I met them this morning.”可知此处是描述亨利和汉斯早上正在做的事情，应用过去进行时，结构为“was/were+现在分词”。故选D。 二．正确形式填空 1.We (climb) the hill when it began to rain yesterday. 【答案】were climbing 【详解】句意：昨天开始下雨时，我们正在爬山。根据“when it began to rain yesterday.”可知，此处表示过去某一时间正在做某事，时态为过去进行时，其构成为主语+was/were+doing，主语为We，复数，故此处用were，climb的现在分词为climbing。故填were climbing。 2.—Did you see Anne outside the door just now? —Sure. She (ring) someone, so I nodded to her and went away. 【答案】was ringing 【详解】句意：——你刚才在门外看见安妮了吗？ ——当然。她在给别人打电话，所以我向她点了点头就走开了。根据“so I nodded to her and went away.”可知，此处是指“我”向安妮点头时她正在打电话，应用过去进行时，其结构是was/were doing；主语She为第三人称单数，be动词用was；ring“打电话”，动词，其现在分词为ringing。故填was ringing。 3.When I arrived at the theatre, all the followers (wait) for the show to start. 【答案】were waiting 【详解】句意：当我到达剧院时，所有的粉丝都在等待演出开始。“arrived”是一般过去时，而“等待演出开始”这个动作在“到达剧院”这个时间点正在进行，所以要用过去进行时。主语“all the followers”是复数，所以be动词用were，wait的现在分词是waiting。故填were waiting。 4.Sorry, I didn’t hear your word. I (think) about which book to read next. 【答案】was thinking 【详解】句意：对不起，我没听到你的话。我在想接下来读哪本书。根据“Sorry, I didn’t hear your word.”可知，后一句思考这个动作是在过去某一时刻正在进行，用过去进行时态，结构为was/were+doing，主语是I，be动词用was，think的现在分词为thinking。故填was thinking。 5.The children (do) their homework when the power went out. 【答案】were doing 【详解】句意：停电时，孩子们正在做作业。结合“when the power went out.”可知，主句时态是过去进行时，其结构为was/were + doing，且主语“The children”为复数名词，所以be动词用were。故填were doing。 三．完成句子 1.当我进来时,他正在读书。 2.你写信的时候,我在看书 【答案】1.He was reading when I came in. 2.While you were writing letters,I was reading a book. 现在完成时 1.定义：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 2.构成：have (has)+done——动词变过去分词 基本句型: past now future 句型： have done has done 陈述句 I have seen that film before. She has seen that film before. 否定句 I haven’t seen that film before She hasn’t seen that film before. 疑问句 Have you (ever) seen that film before? Yes, I have./No,I haven’t. Has she (ever) seen that film before? Yes, she has./No,she hasn’t. 3.时间标志：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。 如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画) He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国) (1)for和since的用法及区别。for与一段时间连用，since与时间点连用。注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。 2010 2020 如：I have lived here for 10 years.(我已经住在这10年了) I have lived here since 2010. (since 10 years ago) (从2010年开始，我就已经住在这了) 4.在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表： 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep open be open close be closed begin/start be on come be here go be there finish be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold put on wear wake up be awake fall asleep be asleep lose not have join be in leave be away arrive/reach be 5.提示：have been to, have gone to和have been in的区别 have been to 曾经去过某地（现在已经回来了），常与just, ever, never等副词连用。 have gone to 去了某地（现在还没有回来），表示说话时某人已不在现场，可能在去的途中，也可能已经到达目的地。 have been in 已经在某地，表示状态，后面常接表示“时间段”的状语。 ( 随堂训练 ) 一．单项选择 1.—Is Ms. Green in the office now? —No. _______ the library. A．He has been to B．He has gone to C．She has been to D．She has gone to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——格林女士现在在办公室吗？——不在。她去图书馆了。 考查have been to和have gone to的区别。have been to+地点，表示曾经去过某地，已经回来；have gone to+地点，表示已经去了某地，还没回来。Ms. Green是女性，应用she指代，排除A、B；根据回答“no”可知格林女士现在不在办公室，是去了图书馆还没回来，用“has gone to”。故选D。 2.—Sorry, Miss Tang, I am late. —It doesn’t matter. The class ________ for just several minutes. You don’t miss too much. A．began B．has begun C．has been on D．is beginning 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——抱歉唐老师，我迟到了。——没关系，课程才开几分钟。你没有错过太多。 考查动词时态。根据“for just several minutes”可知，时态用现在完成时have/has done，且与一段时间连用，动词用延续性动词；根据“You don’t miss too much.”可知，是指课程才开几分钟，begin“开始”，是短暂性动词，应转为对应的延续性动词be on。故选C。 3.Astronauts (宇航员) on the Chinese Space Station _______ some plants already, and it helps us learn about living in space. A．grew B．were growing C．have grown D．will grow 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国空间站上的宇航员已经种植了一些植物，这有助于我们了解太空生活。 考查动词时态。根据“already”是现在完成时的标志词可知，此处用现在完成时（have/has done），故选C。 二．正确形式填空 1.Linda has not (realize) the importance of doing exercise. 【答案】realized 【详解】句意：琳达还没有意识到锻炼的重要性。根据“has”可知，此处是现在完成时，故空处应该填realize的过去分词realized。故填realized。 2.The government (try) to stop people from littering recently. 【答案】has tried 【详解】句意：政府最近试图阻止人们乱扔垃圾。根据“recently”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has done；主语“The government”为第三人称单数，助动词用has，动词try的过去分词为tried。故填has tried。 3.It has been five years since he (teach) at primary school. 【答案】taught 【详解】句意：自从他在小学教书已经有五年了。teach“教，教授”，动词；根据“It has been five years since he”可知，since引导时间状语从句时，表示“自从……以来”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时，所以动词使用过去式。故填taught。 4.—Can I use the computer to search for information now? —Of course, we (repair) it. Help yourself! 【答案】have repaired 【详解】句意：——我现在可以用电脑搜索信息吗？——当然，我们已经修好了。请自便！根据答语“Of course...Help yourself！”可知这里说的是已经修好了电脑，所以时态应该用现在完成时，基本构成：have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是we，复数形式，所以助动词用have，故填have repaired。 5.Have you ever (write) to your parents to ask for help? 【答案】written 【详解】句意：你曾经写信给你的父母求助了吗？根据助动词“have”可知句子时态为现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，故填written。 6.He to London. He will be back in two weeks. (go) 【答案】has gone 【详解】句意：他去伦敦了。 他将在两周后回来。根据“He will be back in two weeks”可知，去了伦敦还未回来，用have/has gone to表示“去了某地”，主语he是第三人称单数形式，助动词用has，故填has gone。 7.I have the book for two days. (keep) 【答案】kept 【详解】句意：这本书我已经借了两天了。根据空前的have及空后的for two days可知，句子是现在完成时，空处动词用过去分词形式kept。故填kept。 8.25 years (pass) since Hong Kong returned to China. 【答案】has passed 【详解】句意：距离香港回归中国已经过去25年了。根据下文“since Hong Kong returned to China”可知，句子应用现在完成时，即“have +过去分词”结构。表时间长度、钱数、速度等的词组作主语时，此时通常将其视为整体，谓语用单数，主语为“25 years”，故have应用第三人称单数形式has，故填has passed。 三．完成句子 1.你已经看过这部电影了吗? 2.我已经买这本词典三年了。 【答案】1.Have you seen this film yet?  2.I have had this dictionary for 3 years.  时态的判定 初中阶段需掌握六种基本时态。学生可根据以下5点来判断不同时态的选用。 （1）巧用提示辨时态 遇到时态题时，首先要寻找时间标志词，如果题干中有时间标志词，可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态。需要注意的是，个别时间状语可用于不同的时态中，考生需具体情况具体对待。 如：I a high school student this September.I can’t wait! A. am B. was C. have been D. will be 方法点拨 第1步：分析语境：今年九月我就会是一名高中生了。我等不及了! 第2步：分析选项，A项：一般现在时；B项：一般过去时；C项：现在完成时；D项：一般将来时。第3步：根据时间状语this September以及句子描述可知选D。 （2） 细心体会辨语境 在有些情况下，动词的时态是由上下文语境来决定的，这就要求我们既要理解上下文的语境，也要掌握各种时态的灵活运用。 如果一个英语句子中既没有出现时间状语，也没有可供判断时态的上下文，那么就应当把这个句子翻译成中文，利用我们的母语知识来判断这个句子该用何种时态。 如： —Where is Miss Li?—She ___ the laboratory. A. is going to B. has gone to C. went to D. goes to 方法点拨 第1步：分析语境“李老师在哪里？” “她去实验室了。”第2步：分析选项，A项：一般将来时；B项：现在完成时；C项：一般过去时；D项：一般现在时。第3步：结合语境可知这里指“李老师去图书馆的动作发生在过去，在双方说话时她还没回来”，应用现在完成时，故选B。 （3） 主从时态须呼应 主从复合句中谓语动词时态的一致主要有以下几种情况： ①“主将从现”原则。如果主句是一般将来时,从句是由 when, after, before, not...until, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句以及由 if, unless 引导的条件状语从句时，谓语动词应用一般现在时表示将来时。 如：He is going to be a scientist when he ____up. A. grows B. grew C. will grow D. has grown 方法点拨 when引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时。故选A。 ②在主从复合句中，如果主句和从句的谓语动词表示的两个动作都发生在过去，而且有明显的先后顺序，那么，延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when和while引导的时间状语从句中出现。 如： The children ___ a picnic in the park when it suddenly began to rain. A. have B. are having C. had D. were having 方法点拨 找出题目中的关键词“when”。when引导的时间状语从句的时态为一般过去时，且“began”为短暂性动词，主句表示延续性的动作，谓语动词应用过去进行时。故选D。 ③在含有“since从句”的主从复合句中，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。另外，在“It’s+一段时间+since+从句”句式中，since 后面的从句常用一般过去时。 如： —Long time no see!—Oh! It five years since we met last time. A. was B. were C. has been D. have been 方法点拨 句意为“好久不见！”“哦！自从我们上次见面以来已经五年了。”since是现在完成时态的标志词，因此主句应用现在完成时态。主语It是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用has。故选C。 ④当主句谓语动词的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，后面跟的宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制，可根据具体情况，选用各种合适的时态。 如：I don’t know if he ___ to play basketball with us. A. comes B. came C. will come D. has come 方法点拨 句意为：我不知道他是否会来和我们一起打篮球。if作为“是否”讲，宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制，因为事情还没有发生，应用一般将来时。故选C。 ⑤“时态一致”原则。在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词需用相应的某种过去时态。 如：I didn’t understand ___, so I raised my hand to ask. A. what my teacher says B. what does my teacher say C. what my teacher said D. what did my teacher say 方法点拨 第1步：分析选项可知本题考查宾语从句的语序及时态。宾语从句需用陈述句语序,排除B和D项。第2步：根据“时态一致”原则,即主句的谓语动词为过去时态，从句的谓语动词需用相应的某种过去时态。故选C。 （4）上下一致定时态 在这种情况下，动词的时态是由上下文已有的时态信息来确定，这就要求我们准确判断上下文所表达的时态信息，确定恰当的时态。 如： —I can’t find David. Where is he?—He for tomorrow’s competition at home. A. prepares B. prepared C. is preparing D. has prepared 方法点拨 第1步：分析语境：“我找不到大卫。他在哪儿？”“他正在家里为明天的比赛做准备。”第2步：问句为一般现在时，可知答语表示他此刻正在为明天的比赛做准备，应用现在进行时，故选C。 （5）瞻前顾后巧搭配 在英语中，不少句型与一些动词在时态的运用方面都存在着特定的对应关系。 ①在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，陈述句中用will表示一般将来时。 如：Hurry up, or you ____ the early bus. A.miss B. missed C. will miss D. have missed 方法点拨 分析句子结构可知这是“祈使句+or +陈述句”句型，陈述句的谓语要用“will+动词原形”，故选C。 ②在This/That/It is the first time that... 句型中用现在完成时。若is改为was，就用过去完成时，有时以上结构中的 first 也可换成 second， third， fourth 等，其中的time也可换成其他名词。 如：This is the first time that I ___ a baseball game. A. am watching B. was watching C. have watched D. will watch 方法点拨 分析句子结构可知此处考查This is the first time…句型，后面所加从句应用现在完成时。故选C。 ( 综合训练 ) 一．单项选择 1.The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister. A．which; is B．whom; was C．who; is D．who; was 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在树下看书的那个女孩是我妹妹。 考查定语从句和时态。which引导定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；who引导定语从句，先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语。第一空，分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，先行词“The girl”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who来引导从句，排除A和B；第二空，根据“is reading under the tree”可知，句子陈述现在的情况，时态应用一般现在时。故选C。 2.— Music and Art will enter the Entrance Examination for the high school. Is it true? — Yes. But don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them. A．will pay B．will be paid C．pays D．is paid 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——音乐和美术将进入高中入学考试。这是真的吗？ ——是的。不过别担心。如果对它们多加注意，没有什么是困难的。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子主语“more attention”与动词pay为被动关系，应用被动语态；根据“Nothing will be difficult if more attention … to them.”可知，此处为if引导的条件状语从句，符合“主将从现”原则，主句为一般将来时，则从句应用一般现在时，因此这里应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为be done，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is，pay的过去分词为paid。故选D。 3.I can’t find my pen. I think somebody must ________ it up. A．had picked B．has picked C．have picked D．pick 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我找不到我的笔。我认为有人一定拿走了它。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“I can’t find my pen.”可知，这里应该使用完成时，表示动作已完成，且这个动作对现在造成了影响，即我现在找不到我的笔。情态动词must后接动词原形。故选C。 4.Our class are going to have a picnic tomorrow. If you don’t go, ________. A．so do I B．neither do I C． neither will I    D． either will I 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们班明天要去野餐。如果你不去，我也不去。 考查倒装句。根据“If you don’t go,”可知，句子为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句为一般现时，主句应用一般将来时，排除A和B；从句为否定句，主句部分表示“某人也不会去”，应用neither来引导倒装句，即neither will+主语。故选C。 5.—When shall we go and play basketball? —Not until the work ________ tomorrow. A．is finished B．have finished C．will be finished D．will finish 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们将什么时候去打篮球？——直到明天工作被完成。 考查主将从现。分析答语可知句子为含有until引导时间状语从句的复合句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，此处从句时态为一般现在时，而主语work和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其谓语结构为“be+done”，故选A。 6.Linda is excited about the coming weekend because she ________ several old friends. A．sees B．saw C．has seen D．is going to see 【答案】D 【详解】句意：琳达对即将到来的周末很兴奋，因为她打算去见几个老朋友。 考查一般将来时。sees看见，三单；saw看见，一般过去式；has seen已经见了，现在完成时；is going to see打算去见。根据“Linda is excited about the coming weekend because she”可知即将到来的周末表将来。见一些老朋友是将来打算好的事情。故选D。 7.—Why didn’t you come to the party last night? —I don’t like staying with others. I ________ reading alone instead. A．prefer B．enjoyed C．suggest D．dislike 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你昨晚为什么没来参加派对？——我不喜欢和其他人待在一起。我宁愿一个人读书。 考查代词辨析。prefer更喜欢；enjoyed喜欢；suggest建议；dislike不喜欢。根据“don’t”可知，此句是陈述事实，句子用一般现在时，排除B选项。根据“I don’t like staying with others”及“reading alone instead”可知，与跟其他人待在一起相比，更喜欢独自看书，故选A。 8.Justin can’t help me to move the piano because he ________ English online. A．is studying B．studied C．will study D．studies 【答案】A 【详解】句意：贾斯汀帮不了我搬钢琴，因为他正在网上学习英语。 考查动词时态。根据“Justin can’t help me to move the piano”可知，此处是正在网上学习，不能帮忙，可知用现在进行时，其结构是be doing的形式，主语是he，是第三人称单数，be动词用is，study“学习”，是动词，现在分词是studying。故选A。 9.By the time we ________ the railway station, the train ________ for ten minutes. A．got to; had been away B．reached; had left C．arrived; had been away D．arrived at; has left 【答案】A 【详解】句意：到我们到达火车站时，火车已经开走十分钟了。 考查动词（短语）辨析和延续性动词。get to/reached/arrived at都表示“到达”，后可直接跟地点；arrived是不及物动词，需和介词at/in搭配使用后才可跟地点，故排除C；根据“for ten minutes”可知，第二空要用延续性动词，left是leave“离开”的过去分词，是短暂性动词；而be away是延续性动词，且“火车离开”的动作发生在“到达车站”的动作之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故选A。 10.—Did you see Linda come back last night? —No, she (study) for an exam all the night in the school library. 【答案】was studying 【详解】句意：——你昨晚看到琳达回来了吗？——没有，她整晚都在学校图书馆里准备考试。根据“…for an exam all the night in the school library.”词可知，她整晚都在学校图书馆里准备考试，表达持续性行为，所以用进行时态，又结合问句中“last night”可知，时态为过去进行时，又由主语是she，此处过去进行时的结构为：was+现在分词，study的现在分词是studying。故填was studying。 二.时态填空 A Have you heard of the Chinese Poetry Conference? It is a kind of TV show held on CCTV. And if you have ever watched the show, you must know the man called Peng Min. Peng 1.  （be） interested in Chinese poetry ever since he was a little boy. The man usually 2.  （say） he can recite more than 1,000 Chinese poems. But his success at the Chinese Poetry Conference didn’t come easily. Peng has taken part in the show many times. During his previous（以前的） appearances, he 3.  （make ） many silly mistakes. He failed twice. But his love for poetry didn’t die. This year, he was back. “Even if I lose again, at least I’ve tried. But if I’m afraid of trying, I 4.  （be） more of a loser,” Peng said. Finally, he became the winner in the fifth season. [答案]1．has been2．says3．made4．will be [解析] 1．考查现在完成时。根据“ever since he was a little boy”可知，应用现在完成时;主语为Peng，助动词用has。故填has been。 2．考查一般现在时。根据空前的usually可知，此处表示他经常说，用一般现在时。故填says。 3．考查一般过去时。根据During his previous appearances可知，应用一般过去时，故填made。 4．考查一般将来时。含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句遵循“主将从现”原则,主句用一般将来时。故填will be。 B Loni loved the town where she lived with her grandma. From their window,Loni and her grandma watched people walk and run along the busy street. At the crossing, a guide dog 5.  （help） its owner cross the street. “Grandma, I love living here. I hope our town will never change,” said Loni as she watched them walking. “We have a great town now, Loni,” smiled Grandma. “But did you know that in the past there were only farms here? It 6.  （look） very different when my great-grandmother（曾祖母）was a little girl.” Grandma showed Loni a picture of a young girl standing next to a barn（谷仓）. There were only dusty（布满灰尘的） roads in the town with a river flowing through, and people mainly 7.  （go） on a trip by boat, by horse or on foot. “Our town 8.  （change） a lot so far,” said Loni proudly. “I believe it 9.  （keep） growing and will become more and more attractive, just like me.” [答案]5．was helping6．looked7．went8．has changed9．will keep [解析] 5．根据语境及下文的“as she watched them walking”可知，此处表示一只导盲犬正在帮主人过马路，由全文主体时态为一般过去时可知，应用过去进行时。故填was helping。 6．由“when my great-grandmother was a little girl”可知，说的是过去的事，应为一般过去时。故填looked。 7．根据前一个分句“There were only dusty roads in the town with a river flowing through”及并列连词and可知, 此处应用一般过去时。故填went。 8．结合句中的so far以及前文对小镇现状的描述可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has changed。 9．根据语境以及后文的and will become more and more attractive可知，此处应用一般将来时，故填will keep。 三．语法填空 For this year's Spring Festival family dinner, my son has booked a table at the best restaurant in the town. But I'm a bit unhappy about the 1 （choose）. For me, it just won't feel like the Spring Festival 2 （have） the dinner out. I don't understand 3 some people prefer eating out for dinner. When I was a little boy, the dinner 4 the eve of the Spring Festival was what I looked forward to most. It was not 5 （simple） for the delicious food that we seldom got to eat. More importantly, it's 6 opportunity for the whole family to gather together. I would run around the house, listening to the adults 7 （chat） about their year and watching mum cooking dishes. In the evening, all of us would sit around the table, enjoying the food. The simple, homemade dishes tasted 8 （delicious） than anything cooked by a top chef. I hope that, in the future, my children and their children 9 （value） our memories of preparing the dinner together. To me, the process is even more important than the dinner 10 （it）. 本文是一篇记叙文。作者因儿子在外订年夜饭而不高兴，想起自己小时候准备年夜饭的快乐，希望自己的子孙未来也能珍惜大家一起准备年夜饭的过程。 [答案] 1．choice 2．having/to have 3．why 4．on/of 5．simply 6．an 7．chatting 8．more delicious 9．will value 10．itself [解析] 1．考查名词。由空前的unhappy about the可知，此处要用choose的名词形式作宾语，故填choice。 2．考查动词的非谓语形式。分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，故可用动词的-ing形式或不定式作句子真正的主语，故填having/to have。 3．考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句。根据前一句“For me, it just won't feel like...the dinner out.”可知，作者不理解为什么有些人更喜欢在外面吃年夜饭，宾语从句的连接词用why。 4．考查介词。the eve of the Spring Festival“除夕”，为具体某一天的晚上，用介词on。此处也可用介词of, 表示除夕夜的晚餐，即年夜饭，故填on/of。 5．考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词，要用simple的副词形式，故填simply。 6．考查冠词。设空处后面的opportunity为可数名词单数形式，此处泛指一个机会，且opportunity以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。 7．考查动词的非谓语形式。listen to sb. doing sth.“倾听某人正在做某事”，即倾听的时候，动作正在发生，此处要用动词的-ing形式，故填chatting。 8．考查形容词比较级。由空前的tasted可知，此处填形容词；由比较级的标志词than可知，此处要用形容词的比较级形式，故填more delicious。 9．考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in the future可知，设空处要用一般将来时，故填will value。 10．考查反身代词。此句想表达的意思是“对我来说，一起准备年夜饭的过程比年夜饭本身更重要”，由此可知，此处要用反身代词，故填itself。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$