Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World Grammar and usage 过去分词课件-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第三册

Grammar 过去分词作定语, 表语，状语和宾补 1 1. To finish the work on time is difficult. 2. He refused to help me. 3. Our parents want us to go to a good university. 4. He got up early to catch the first bus. 5. I am happy to see you. 6. He hurried to the station only to find the bus had gone. 7. My dream is to go to a good university. to do不定式可以做： 主、宾、表、定、状、补 review Walking is a good form of exercise. We enjoy swimming very much because it is good for our health. There is a reading room. My hobby is playing ping-pong. Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying Doing 可以做： 主、宾、定、表、补、状 review You can have food delivered to you using food delivery apps and sites.(p31 互联网 无疆世界) 非谓语使用条件： ①有且仅有一个单句（无连词） ②句子中已经有谓语动词。 其他的动词则要使用非谓语形式。（to do /doing /done） 被动 主动/伴随 review 非谓语 Doing 动名词 主动 Doing 现在分词 进行 To do 目的 将来 Done 过去分词 被动 完成 Observe the table below What is simple past ? 过去式是动词的一种形式，常做句子的谓语，表示过去发生的某个动作或状态。英语 1.They walked to school yesterday. (过去） 2.I played football with my friends last night. (过去) What is past participle? 过去分词是英语中一种非谓语动词形式，它表示动作或状态已经发生或完成，或是动词与被修饰名词之间存在被动关系。 1.The broken window has been repaired. (被动） 2.the book was written by a famous author. (被动) 3. I have finished my homework. (完成） 过去式是动词的一种形式，发生过去、已经发生的事 情，表示短暂的动作。 "I saw him yesterday."（我昨天看见了他） VS 过去分词是非谓语的一种一般用于被动句或完成时。 "The book was written by him."（这本书是他写的） past tense or past participle. 1. The letter was sent by my friends. 2. I was tired after a long day. 3. The broken glass was dangerous. 4. Jenny has seen that movie before. 5. He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. past participle simple past past participle past participle simple past simple past 过去分词的基本形式你知道吗？ 那么简单，谁不知道。是由动词末尾加 -ed 形式构成，因此又叫动词的 -ed 形式。 V+-ed forgot forgotten became forget fighted fought fight fight dealed dealt drew deal mistook caught catched catch drinked drunk dinked drink cutted cut cuted cut 思考：什么是过去分词？ 示例 一般 过去 过去分词 规则/不规则 dive dived dived 规则 fetch fetched fetched 规则 swell swelled swollen 不规则 see saw seen 不规则 过去分词______________ 表被动/完成 The polluted river is becoming clean. 这条被污染的河流变得清澈了。 There are many fallen leaves on the ground. 地上有许多掉落的叶子。 There is no food left on the table. 桌子上没有被剩下的食物。 The room cleaned yesterday will be used as a bedroom. 被打扫的房间会被当做卧室。 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a great success. 被一千名学生参加的会议非常成功。 被动 被动 被动 被动 完成 The polluted river is becoming clean. There are many fallen leaves on the ground. The room cleaned yesterday will be used as a bedroom. = The river which was polluted is becoming clean. =There are many leaves which have fallen on the ground. = The room which was cleaned yesterday will be used as a bedroom. 被动 被动 完成 过去分词在句子中可以充当什么成分？ 1.作定语（attribute) 3.作表语(predicative) 2. 作状语(adverbial) 过去分词 4.作宾补(object complement) Part One (过去分词用作定语) a closed door a broken window a polluted river Find out the rules: 归纳1：单个过去分词作定语放于其修饰的名词之____。 前 =The player _____ _____ loved by many people is Yao Ming. The player loved by many people is Yao Ming. who is The lady________ ____ dressed in white is Zhao Liying. a lady dressed in white who/that is 归纳2：过去分词短语作定语时，一般置于其修饰的名词之____，其作用相当于一个_________。 后 定语从句 1. He is one of those invited. 2. There was nobody invited here. 归纳3：单个的过去分词修饰复合不定代词nobody, everything等或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的_______. 后面 Summary V-ed作定语规律总结 1. 过去分词可用作______，修饰___________。 2. 单个分词通常放所修饰词_____；分词短语放在所修饰词______； 3.修饰不定代词在其_____。 定语 名词或代词 之前 之后 之后 过去分词强调动作___________, 不定式强调动作_______, 现在分词强调动作_________________。 The people_______ (sing)behind the classroom are all leaders and English teachers. We will have some homework______ (do)after this opening class tonight. The gentleman_____ (call)Mr. Zhou is our headmaster. 被动，完成 将来 主动, 进行 Do and compare called singing to do 过去分词与不定式, 现在分词作定语的区别: 即时训练 1 However, a lot of young people consider him as a true hero.Some young people had their hair _____like him.His cruel behavior even had so many people ________(沉迷其中). cut addicted (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①The ____________ (excite) people rushed into the building. ②Tell the children ____________ (play) outside not to make too much noise. ③All the ____________ (break) windows have been repaired. excited playing broken 2.The books，___________________，are popular with many Chinese people. 鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多国人的喜爱。 written by Lu Xun 对本课件使用有任何疑问，请联系小助手：naodong12 更多优质内容，请关注微信公众号【脑洞英语课堂】 31 Part Two (过去分词用作表语) 3. When the cat found all fish gone, it felt________ (surprise). surprised 4.The boys are playing football. They are very __________ (delight). delighted 1.She seemed very delighted. 2.She looked very worried. Summary: 过去分词作___ 语，表示____语的感 受或状态，相当于一个_______ 词，通 常放在_________ 之后 主 形容 表 系动词 动词-ed作表语一般并无"完成"或"被动"之意，而是说明主语的状态或情感,置于系动词之后。 She looks disappointed. 她看上去很失望。 We were encouraged at the news. 听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。 常见的作表语的过去分词有: amused (愉快的)；astonished (吃惊的)； delighted (高兴的)； lost (丢失的)； disappointed (失望的)；worried (担忧的)； Summary V-ed作定语规律总结 1. 过去分词可用作______，修饰___________。 2. 单个分词通常放所修饰词_____；分词短语放在所修饰词______； 3.修饰不定代词在其_____。 定语 名词或代词 之前 之后 之后 Summary: 过去分词作___ 语，表示____语的感 受或状态，相当于一个_______ 词，通 常放在_________ 之后 主 形容 表 系动词 Part Three (过去分词用作宾语补足语) 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为： 某些及物动词（如make等） + 宾语 （名词或代词） + 宾语补足语 Everyone calls him (宾语) (宾补) (主语) (谓语) Tom. 概念：什么是宾语补足语？ 宾语补足语一般放在宾语_________, 对宾语起____________的作用。 之后 补充说明 39 39 He found his new bike______.(steal) stolen 过去分词作宾语补足语，表示______ 或______ 的意义，有时候两者兼而有之。 被动 完成 小结1： I saw him _______ by a dog. (bite) bitten Tom found all his money ________(steal) on his way home. stolen 过去分词用在感官动词____________________________等之后示______________________。 小结2： see,watch, feel, find, hear, notice …到某人或某物被…… Jack had his hair _______ yesterday. (cut) cut I raised my voice to make myself _______. (hear) heard 小结3： 过去分词用在__________________________等使役动词之后, 表示_____________________ 。 have, make, get, leave “使/ 让 …被...” He won’t like the problem _____________ at the meeting. (discuss） discussed The father wants his daughter __________dancing. (teach) taught 小结4： 过去分词用于表示“____________”等意义的词后作宾语补足语， 如：_______________________等,表示______________________。 希望,愿望或命令 want, wish, like, expect, order “希望/要求某人或某事被做” With many flowers __________ around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden. (plant) planted The thief was brought in with his hands ________ behind his back.(tie) tied 小结5： 过去分词用在“______ +宾语＋宾补”结构中。 with Summary 这些词后常接V-ed作宾语补足语 I saw him bitten by a dog. Jack has his hair cut yesterday. The father wants his daughter taught dancing. The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 感官动词 使役动词 表“希望,要求”类动词 with +宾语＋宾补结构 即时训练2 However, a lot of young people consider him as a true hero.Some young people had their hair _____like him.His cruel behavior even had so many people ________(沉迷其中). cut addicted ①I heard my name ____________ (call) in the street. ②He tried to make himself ____________ (understand) by his students in class. ③He wanted his name ____________ (include) in the list. ④We must have our windows ____________ (repair) before winter comes，or we’ll freeze. ⑤With the task ____________ (complete)，we had a global travelling. called understood included repaired completed 对本课件使用有任何疑问，请联系小助手：naodong12 更多优质内容，请关注微信公众号【脑洞英语课堂】 46 Part Four (过去分词用作状语) When water is heated, water turns into steam. = heated, water turns into steam. When 过去分词作时间状语 1.过去分词作时间状语 过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词 “when, while, until” 等，使其时间意义更明确。 Because he was exhausted, he fell fast asleep. = exhausted, he fell fast asleep. Because Exhausted 过去分词作原因状语 2.过去分词作原因状语 过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since, because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。 If I am given a time machine , I will pay a visit to the future. = given a time machine, I will pay a visit to the future. If 过去分词作条件状语 3.过去分词作条件状语 过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Although he was laughed at by others, he still smiles at life. = laughed at by others, he still smiles at life. Although 过去分词作让步状语 4.过去分词作让步状语 过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导的让步状语从句。 The girl left, and she was followed by a little dog. = The girl left, followed by a little dog. 过去分词作方式或伴随状语 5.过去分词作方式/伴随状语 过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。 过去分词（短语）作状语，表时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随等情况, 相当于一个状语从句。 1. 作时间状语，可转换为when, while或after等引导的状语从句 2. 作条件状语，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的状语从句。 3. 作原因状语，可转换为as, since或because等引导状语从句 4. 作让步状语 ，可转换为although, though或even if等引导的状语从句。 5. 作方式或伴随状语 ，则可转换为and并列结构。 Summary Applying the rules Read the science magazine article on P48 and answer the following question. Please complete the table in part A. Verb-ed form as an attributive something produced by the mould Verb-ed form as an adverbial Verb-ed form as an object complement the prepared mind Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests. get its mass production started Working out the rules 1. The verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a(n) ________ (active/passive) meaning. 2. The verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun or pronoun. It modifies the noun or pronoun like a(n) ________________ (relative clause/adverbial clause). 3. The verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object complement. passive relative clause Rewrite the following sentences using verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials or object complements. 1. The scientist who has been highly praised won an award. ________________________________________________ 2. The experiment that is mentioned in your article is interesting. ________________________________________________ 3. The patients soon recovered because they were treated with the new medicine. ________________________________________________ The highly praised scientist won an award. The experiment mentioned in your article is interesting. Treated with the new medicine, the patients soon recovered. B1 attributive attributive adverbial 58 4. The scientist found that the equipment in the laboratory had been destroyed. ________________________________________________ 5. Once this report is finished, it will be very useful for future research. _________________________________________________ The scientist found the equipment in the laboratory destroyed. Once finished, this report will be very useful for future research. B1 object complement adverbial 59 Benjamin Franklin was a famous scientist, writer, printer, inventor and politician.As a scientist, he was well known for his kite experiment. The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning (1) _________ (interest) for years, believing it was actually electricity. He designed an experiment to prove his theory. He worked out that by flying a kite during a thunderstorm, electricity could go through the wet kite line down to the earth. (2) _________ (know) it was too dangerous to hold the wet line, Franklin held a silk ribbon (3) ____(tie) to the end of it. He made sure the silk ribbon stayed dry so that the electricity would not go throughhis body. Then he attached a metal key where the ribbon and kite line joined. When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. (4) _________ (conduct) on a stormy day in 1752, his experiment proved lightning was really just electricity. Franklin had his theory (5) _________ (accept) by many people. However, some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment, (6) _________ (argue) that if he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric shock. Whatever the truth, Franklin did make contributions to the studies of electricity. interesting Knowing tied Conducted accepted arguing B2 an object complement an adverbial an attributive an adverbial an object complement an adverbial THANKS $$