（十四）题组54-【金版教程】2026年高考英语一轮总复习首选用卷全书Word

题组54

Ⅰ　阅读

(2025· 陕西省高三高考适应性检测)For thousands of years, people around the world have told myths about the Moon and how it came into being. Now, new research has revealed that the Moon is 40 million years older than scientists thought it was. The latest data suggests that it formed around 4.46 billion years ago.

Many scientists believe that the Moon formed after a planet the size of Mars, called Theia, collided (碰撞) with the Earth. This caused magma to blast out into space. The magma cooled into solid rocks that started orbiting the Earth in rings, like Saturn has. Gradually, those rocks clumped (聚集) together to form the Moon.

Scientists worked out how old the Moon is by studying rocks gathered from the surface in 1972—the last time humans set foot on the Moon. Astronauts collected the samples using a lunar rake, dragging it through the dust on the surface to collect rocks that were between one and three centimetres wide. The samples contained zircon crystals, a type of mineral that would have formed after the Earth and Theia collided and the magma cooled down. Scientists have studied the samples before but a new scanning technique, called“atom probe tomography”， helped them to study the crystals in more detail and calculate the Moon's age more accurately.

The Moon is important because it affects things on the Earth, such as tides, seasons and weather. Life on the Earth was only possible after the Moon had formed, so scientists want to learn more about when it happened. Professor Philip Heck, who worked on the study, said, “It's a part of our natural system that we want to better understand.”

Before NASA landed astronauts on the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, there were other theories about how the Moon formed. One suggested that the Moon was floating through space and was captured by the Earth's gravity. Another said that the Earth started spinning so quickly that some bits of it broke off and went into orbit.

1．What's the purpose of the research?

A．To know more about the Earth.

B．To find out how the Moon formed.

C．To work out how the astronauts landed on the Moon.

D．To study the rocks gathered from the surface of the Moon.

答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，几千年来，世界各地的人们都在讲述月球的神话及它是如何形成的。新的研究表明，月球比科学家之前认为的要老4，000万年。最新数据显示，它形成于大约44.6亿年前。由此可推知，研究的目的是通过月球形成的时间找出月球是如何形成的。故选B。

2．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．The collision.   B．Theia.

C．The Earth.   D．The size of Mars.

答案：A

解析：指代判断题。根据画线词上文“Many scientists believe ... collided (碰撞) with the Earth.(许多科学家认为，月球是在一颗火星大小的行星Theia与地球相撞后形成的。)”及画线词所在句句意(这次碰撞导致岩浆喷射到太空中。)可推知，“This”指的是前文提到的“Theia与地球相撞”这一事件，即“碰撞”。故选A。

3．What is the latest belief of the Moon's formation?

A．It is the result of collision of two planets.

B．It was dragged to its location by the Earth's gravity.

C．It was shaped by the bits which broke off the Earth.

D．It crashed into space by accident.

答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many scientists believe ... collided (碰撞) with the Earth.”可知，目前关于月球形成的最新观点是，它是两颗行星(地球和Theia)碰撞的结果。故选A。

4．What are the major effects the Moon has on the Earth?

A．Daytime and directions.

B．Weather and geography.

C．Seasons and tides.

D．Weights and lives.

答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The Moon is important because it affects things on the Earth, such as tides, seasons and weather.”可知，月球对地球的主要影响包括潮汐、季节和天气。故选C。

(2025·吉林省长春市朝阳区长春外国语学校高三期中)Imagine being able to use energy from the sun all the time, even when it's night. That's the idea that scientists at Caltech (California Institute of Technology)are exploring. They're working on collecting sunlight in space and sending its energy to the Earth.

Caltech's scientists have created a special tool for this project. They call it MAPLE. MAPLE and two other devices are part of a project that was sent into space in January, 2023. MAPLE's job is to test the idea of sending energy wirelessly from space to the Earth. We're used to using wires to move electrical energy from one place to another. But sending energy without wires is a lot trickier.

The method used by Caltech's scientists depends on the way waves act when they meet. Imagine two waves coming together as they travel in the same direction. If the tops of the waves line up, they combine to make a bigger wave. But if the top of one wave lines up with the low point of the other, the waves cancel each other out. The Caltech team has found a way to control the timing of lots of microwaves so that they can combine their power, and focus the energy in one direction. It's a little like using a magnifying (放大的) glass to focus sunlight into a small, hot point of light.

To prove that the system could work, MAPLE sent energy to two devices just 30 centimeters away in space. This energy was then turned into electricity, which made two small lights light up.