Unit 1 Period 2 Grammar and usage（课件）英语译林版2020选择性必修第一册

高中英语译林2020选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 Food Matters Grammar and usage Contents Learning Objectives identify the use of to-infinitives as subjects and predicatives; use the right forms of to-infinitives to finish tasks of rewriting sentences and completing a magzine article; work out the rules of to-infinitves used as subjects and predicatives; apply to-inifinitives in new situations and write a thank-you note using to-infinitives. Contents 1. Lead in 2. Exploring the rules 3. Working out the rules 4. Applying the rules 5. Language points 6. Summary 7. Assessment 8. Homework 01. Lead in Lead in Where are they eating? At the restaurant At home Lead in Which do you prefer, eating out or eating at home? Why? 02. Exploring the rules Exploring the rules Below is a blog entry about eating out and eating at home. Read the blog entry on page 6 and fill in the following mind map. Exploring the rules In the past, the author liked to eat at (1)____________ . a restaurant The author was eager to try new restaurants. To eat out was also a social activity (2)___________________with friends. to enhance the relationship In the last few weeks, the author has been engaged in home making. Cooking home is (5)________. The author can cook exactly what he wants. Cooking st home is (6)_________. cheaper healthier reasons benefits Then the author came across a cooking app last month. App’s functions It offers lots of (3)________. to choose from. Users can follow (4)__________________ step by step. recipes detailed instructions Exploring the rules Read the blog entry about eating out and eating at home again. Find the sentences that use to-infinitives as subjects or predicatives and complete the table on P5. Exploring the rules To-infinitives as subjects To-infinitives as predicatives To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant. When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish. My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills. Observe the sentences, what can you find from them? Exploring the rules When the to-infinitive is used as a subject, we usually use the preparatory subject (1) at the beginning of the sentence. The to-infinitive can also be used as a predicative. It usually comes after the verb (2) . it be 1) To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends.(L2) 2) There are a variety of recipes on the app to choose from.(L4) 3) My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills.(L13-14) attributive adverbial of purpose Identify what to-infinitives function as in the following sentences from the blog. Exploring the rules object complement 03. Working out the rules Working out the rules To-infinitives as subjects 01 1. 动词不定式作主语，通常表示具体的、一次性的或将要发生的动作。 如：To cook Chinese food is not easy. To eat healthy food is important for our health. 注意：动名词作主语，通常表示一般的、抽象的或经常性的动作。 Trying new recipes is always fun. Working out the rules To-infinitives as subjects 01 2. 动词不定式作主语时，如果不定式太长, 往往用_____ 作形式主语, 不定式后置，以保持句子的平衡。如： It is necessary to pay attention to the calorie intake when we are preparing the food. It is the hardest to give up the food that you grow up with. it Working out the rules To-infinitives as subjects 01 ① It＋is＋n.＋to do sth. It is a pleasure to taste such a variety of delicious dishes. ② It takes/took/will take sb＋some time/money＋to do sth. It takes a lot of time to prepare a gourmet meal from scratch. ③ It＋be＋adj.＋for/of sb＋to do sth. It is easy for a chef to create new recipes with different ingredients. It is kind of you to share your homemade cookies with us. ④ It seems (appears)＋adj.＋to do sth. It seems difficult to make sushi without any experience. 常见句型： Working out the rules To-infinitives as subjects 01 1. It is kind __________ you to invite me to dinner. 2. It is easy __________ you to learn how to cook Chinese food. 3. It is considerate __________ them to prepare a special meal for their guests. 4. It is challenging __________ people to try foreign foods from different cultures. 区分： It＋be＋adj.＋ of sb. to do （此处形容词通常是表示人的品质的词，如kind, foolish, good, nice, rude, generous等） It＋be＋adj.＋ for sb. to do（此处形容词通常是描述事情性质的词，如easy, difficult, hard, important, impossible, necessary等） of for of for Working out the rules Practice Rewrite the following sentences by using it as preparatory subject. 1. To learn some table manners is necessary. 2. To offer the best seat to the eldest person at the table is polite. 3. To sit straight while eating is good manners.  4. To talk with your mouth full is a rude behavior. It is polite to offer the best seat to the eldest person at the table. It is necessary to learn some table manners. It is good manners to sit straight while eating. It is a rude behavior to talk with your mouth full. Working out the rules To-infinitives as subjects 01 3. “特殊疑问词 + 不定式” 构成的不定式短语作主语时，相当于主语从句。常见的特殊疑问词有：what , who , which , when , where , why , how 等。如： What to eat for dinner is always a tough decision for me. Which ingredients to use is important for making a good dish. Working out the rules To-infinitives as subjects 01 4. 主谓一致： 1) 单个不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数； To eat at home ______(be) a good choice. 2) and连接两个以上并列的不定式作主语，谓语动词就用复数; To select the right ingredients and to cook them properly _______two important steps in preparing a delicious meal. 3) 多个不定式作为一个整体作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 When and where to treat my friends _____________________ (not decide) yet. is are hasn’t been decided Working out the rules To-infinitives as predicatives 02 1. 动词不定式作表语，通常说明主语的具体内容。 其主语通常是 aim, ambition, dream, duty, goal, idea, intention, plan, purpose, task, way ,wish 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。如： His ambition is to become a professional chef. My wish is to share my favorite dishes with everyone. 不定式作表语通常可以和主语位置互换。 Her dream is to open a bakery.＝To open a bakery is her dream. Working out the rules To-infinitives as predicatives 02 2. 某些系动词，如be（是）、seem（看起来）、appear（看起来）、prove（证明）、turn out（结果）等，后面可以接不定式作表语。 The way best to enjoy this dish is to eat it while it’s still hot. This new restaurant seems to be very popular among food lovers. The dessert appears to be very delicious. This recipe proves to be easy to follow for beginners. The cake turned out to be a big hit at the party. Working out the rules To-infinitives as predicatives 02 The problem is how to prepare this dish. The concern is where to buy fresh produce. 3. “特殊疑问词 + 不定式”通常与be动词构成系表结构，作be动词的表语。如： Working out the rules To-infinitives as predicatives 02 What she does is (to) make delicious meals for her family. All they did was (to) serve the guests the best food. 4. 当主语部分有行为动词do的各种形式(did/do/does等)时，用作表语的不定式通常要省略to(即“前有do, 后无to”)。 Working out the rules 5. 某些动词的不定式与 be 动词连用时常用主动形式表示被动意义,如be to blame（应负责任）， be to let/rent（出租），be to hire（出租，供雇佣），be to sell（出售）。 The restaurant is to blame for the poor quality of the food. The bakery is to hire. The fresh produce is to sell. To-infinitives as predicatives 02 Working out the rules Attention 当动词不定式作主语和表语时，可以有被动形式。 It is a privilege for the guest of honor to be served first. It is the goal of the dinner party to be enjoyed by everyone. The ingredients are to be stored in a cool place. The recipe is to be followed carefully. 04. Applying the rules Applying the rules 1. The next dish that the cook will prepare is Kung Pao Chicken. (attributive). The next dish to be prepared by the cook is Kung Pao Chicken. 2. The preparation of home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable. (subject) To prepare home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable. It is easy and enjoyable to prepare home-cooked meals. Rewrite the following sentences using to-infinitives according to the requirements in the brackets. Applying the rules 3. Her dream is that she will open a restaurant some day. (predicative) Her dream is to open a restaurant some day. 4. We will put the potatoes in the pot first in order that they will be cooked quickly. (adverbial of purpose) We will put the potatoes in the pot first (in order) to cook them quickly. 5. I consider the Soup of the Day as the best option on the menu. (object complement) I consider the Soup of the Day to be the best option on the menu. Applying the rules Below is a lifestyle magazine article. Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets. As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre. (1) _________ (locate) at the top of Tower 88, it gives you an amazing view of the bay. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable (2)_________ (see) the scenery outside while having your meal. Located to see Applying the rules Since it takes about an hour (3)________(turn) the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is (4)_______ (sit) by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. The atmosphere is lively and modern, with its walls (5) ________ (paint) white and light blue. Sky Buffet serves a menu full of eye-catching Asian dishes, (6) ________ (range) from Chinese food to Japanese food. It will be a good idea (7)_________ (invite) your family and friends over for dinner. Sky Buffet is considered by many locals (8)_______ (be) the perfect location for a special occasion. painted ranging to invite to be to sit to turn Applying the rules What are the to-infinitives used as in each sentence of this article? As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre. (1) _________ (locate) at the top of Tower 88, it gives you an amazing view of the bay. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable (2)_________ (see) the scenery outside while having your meal. Located to see subject Applying the rules Since it takes about an hour (3)________(turn) the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is (4)_______ (sit) by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. The atmosphere is lively and modern, with its walls (5) ________ (paint) white and light blue. Sky Buffet serves a menu full of eye-catching Asian dishes, (6) ________ (range) from Chinese food to Japanese food. It will be a good idea (7)_________ (invite) your family and friends over for dinner. Sky Buffet is considered by many locals (8)_______ (be) the perfect location for a special occasion. painted ranging to invite to be to sit to turn subject subject predicative object complement Applying the rules Where is Sky Buffet? What makes eating there enjoyable? How can you get the most wonderful views? Its entire seating area turns slowly and it’s enjoyable to see the scenery outside while having your meal. Your best bet is to sit by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. It is located at the top of Tower 88 in the city centre. Imagine your friend has taken you out to dinner at Sky Buffet. Write a thank-you note to your friend, offering to return the favour by inviting him or her to your home for dinner next weekend. Remember to use to-infinitives. Use the expressions below to help you. Applying the rules I am writing to ... It was so kind of you to ... It was wonderful to ... I have always wanted to ... I would like/love to ... My plan is to ... Useful Expressions Applying the rules Applying the rules Presenting Homewor Dear Tom, I am writing to thank you for taking me to Sky Buffet. It was so kind of you to invite me and book a table by the window. It was wonderful to see the city scenery and watch the beautiful sunset. I have always wanted to give Sky Buffet a try, and it certainly lived up to my expectations! Do you have any arrangements next weekend? My plan is to invite you over to my home for dinner next Saturday. The view won’t be as good as at Sky Buffet but I would like to cook you something special to thank you. Yours, Mary Possible version Applying the rules 06. Language points Important words &phrases 1 急切地去做某事 2 改善与我朋友的关系 3 碰见，偶然发现（人/物） 4 从……中选择 5 提供详细的说明 6 逐步地 7 美味的菜肴 8 投身于 9 难怪 be eager to do sth. enhance the relationships with my friends come across choose from offer detailed instructions step by step tasty dish throw oneself into no wonder Important words &phrases 10 家常菜 11 认为……怎么样 12 只要 13 对……印象深刻 14 让你看到海湾迷人的景色 15 更好的是 16 对风景感到厌烦 17 最好的办法 18 范围从……到……变化 home-cooked meals consider sth. as= consider sth. to be as long as =so long as be impressed by give sb. an amazing view of the bay better still get bored with the scenery one’s best bet range from ... to ... 06. Summary Exploring the rules 不定式作定语 The general use of to-infinitive 不定式作状语 不定式作主语 (To-infinitives as subjects ) (To-infinitives as adverbials ) (To-infinitives as attributives) 不定式作宾补 (To-infinitives as object complements) 不定式作表语 (To-infinitives as predicatives ) 不定式作宾语 (To-infinitives as objects ) 07. Assessment Assessment Learning Objectives Score(1-5) 1.After learning, I am able to identify the use of to-infinitives as subjects and predicatives. 2.After learning, I am able to work out the rules of to-infinitves used as subjects and predicatives. 3.After learning, I am able to use the right forms of to-infinitives to finish tasks of rewriting sentences and completing a magzine article. 4. After learning, I am able to apply to-inifinitives in new situations and write a thank-you note using to-infinitives. 5-完全能；4-基本能；3-不确定；2不太能；1-完全不能 08. Homework Homework 1. Finish C on page 58. 2. Polish up your writing. Homework Answer decide hear complete update spend free look be shut lower 1. It is a good idea _____________up a word in the dictionary when you are not sure how to use it. 2. The young man left that city, never ______________ from again. 3. Whether to take the train or to fly there is for you __________. 4. He went out, __________ the door behind him. 5. The machine doesn't work. Something seems __________ wrong with it. to look to be heard to decide shutting to be Homework Answer decide hear complete update spend free look be shut lower 6. I still remember the happy days __________ with the students from other cities at the summer camp. 7. My task is _____________ the project by the end of the week, so I will be as busy as a bee. 8. He stood in shame, his head down and eyes __________. 9. __________our body of tension, we need to do some sports and relax ourselves. 10. It's important for the software ________________. Otherwise the computer will slow down. to complete spent lowered To free to be updated Thank you for your listening $$