Unit 1 Period 2 Grammar and usage（教学设计）英语译林版2020选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 Food Matters Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading教学设计 教学基本信息 单元名称 选择性必修第一册Unit 1 Food Matters 学科 英语 学段 高中 年级 高一第二学期 主要教材 书名：普通高中教科书·英语选择性必修第一册 出版社：译林出版社 出版日期：2020年12月 课时安排 1课时(40mins) 课型 语法课 教学设计理念 主题语境引领下的语法教学，认知语法观 1. 本课教学基于情感、对比、拓展、想象和交际的多维活动设计，实践《课程标准》所倡导的“教师应根据学生的实际需求，围绕‘形式-意义-使用’采用和设计不同类型的学习实践活动，以既有层次又强调整合的多种教学活动来引导学生发展英语语法意识和能力”。 2. 注重创设理解和运用语法的语境，坚守以语用为基础的教学基本原则，采用有意义的、聚焦式的、交互式的方法，通过真实语篇（博客、杂志文章），聚焦语法形式，引导学生自主发现不定式作主语/表语的规则；创设真实交际场景（写感谢信），强化输出应用，引导学生恰当地运用所学知识，表达自己的想法，在语用中增强英语的语法意识。 3. 通过将真实语篇用于英语语法教学，使学生置身于自然、真实的情境中，准确运用非谓语动词不定式描述真实和想象世界中的人和物、情景和事件，训练学生的语言表达能力，也拓展学生的思维能力，强化有价值的思维运作和语言生成。 教材分析 【What】本版块围绕单元话题，选取与主题相关的博客和餐厅评论等真实语篇来呈现动词不定式的用法，自然呈现目标语法结构（不定式作主/表语）。同时也把不定式的其它相关功能（定语/状语）纳入对比系统。本版块中练习设计非常有层次：先让学生机械性改写句子的熟悉结构，再完成半开放式的杂志填空，最后通过提供一些实用句式作为写作支架，如 “I am writing to...”，要求学生完成自由写作任务，既能控制难度又能保证输出质量。 【Why】通过创设与学生生活密切相关的情境（如饮食选择）进行结构化呈现和任务驱动教学，帮助学生逐步建立语法意识，识别和运用动词不定式作为主语和表语的用法。学生学会在实际情境中灵活运用，如写感谢信、完成杂志文章等，从而帮助学生将语法知识转化为实际的语言技能。 【How】创设与饮食相关的实际情境（如选择在家做饭还是外出就餐），教材将语法知识融入到真实语境中。这种情境化教学方式能够帮助学生更好地理解和运用语法知识，同时激发学生的学习兴趣。最后再通过层次清晰的、与主题相关的练习设计，使学生完成“形式-意义-使用”的学习实践活动，引导学生发展英语语法意识和能力。 学情分析 1. What I know 词汇方面：学生在之前的学习中已经掌握了一些与食物相关的词汇，能够帮助他们理解短文的内容。 语法方面：学生在之前的学习中已经掌握了动词不定式的基本形式及其作宾语补足语、定语和状语的用法。 背景知识方面：学生具备有在家和在饭店吃饭的个人经验，对此也具备一定的个人观点。 2. What I want to know 学生可能想要知道短文传达的主要信息以及在家吃饭的好处； 学生可能想要知道在Sky Buffet这样位置高耸的餐厅吃饭是种怎样的体验； 学生可能想要知道动词不定式在句子中作主语或表语的用法。 学生可能想要学会如何在真实语境中运用动词不定式。 3. What I learned 主题内容方面：了解在家就餐和外出吃饭的优点，积累跟食物主题相关的语言素材。 语言知识方面：学生积累一些跟主食物题相关的表达；学生归纳、总结动词不定式做主语和表语的核心规则，并在语境中学以致用，综合运用动词不定式写感谢信表达感谢。 教学目标 1. 语言能力 学生能够通过扫读和跳读，厘清短文的主旨大意和主要内容。 学生能够理解动词不定式在有关饮食选择的语境中做主语和表语的用法，归纳其核心规则。 学生能够运用动词不定式完成改写句子、在语境中综合运用并完成感谢信的写作任务。 2.学习能力 学生能够识别文本中的动词不定式及其在句子中所担当的成分； 学生能够根据语境的内容判断是否需要使用动词不定式并给出正确形式。 3.文化意识 学生知道外出就餐和在家就餐的区别并根据需求选择恰当的就餐形式，学生学会表达外出就餐的体验。 4.思维品质 学生能够梳理文章的主旨大意和关键信息，能够识别、理解动词不定式在食物主题语境中的作为不同成分的运用，并尝试自己在语境中运用，表达自己的想法。 教学重难点 教学重点 语言维度：学生需掌握如何识别动词不定式及其在句子中担当的不同成分，并完成课本上相关的语言操练活动。同时拓展与主题相关的词汇与表达。 交际维度：正确使用目标语法写一封感谢信。 教学难点 语言深度运用：灵活正确地使用动词不定式表达自己的观点。 思维拓展提升：批判性地对比、思考外出就餐和在家就餐的区别。 教学资源 课件PPT，黑板、白板。 教学活动设计 教学过程 活动形式及步骤 活动意图 时间 学习理解 Activity 1 Lead in 1. 通过图片提问Where are they eating?引出话题。 2. 提问Which do you prefer, eating out or eating at home? Why? ●通过问题和图片，激发学生联系自身表达自己的观点，引发学生对食物主题相关内容的表达欲望和学习兴趣，为接下来的学习做好铺垫。 2mins Activity 2 Exploring the rules 通过阅读短文， 梳理文章内容。 1.Read the blog entry on page 6 and fill in the following mind map. The author was eager to try new restaurants. In the past, the author liked to eat at 1)___________. Reasons To eat out was also a social activity 2)______ with friends. In the past, the author liked to eat at(1)___________. In the past, the author liked to eat at(1)___________. In the past, the author liked to eat at(1)___________. It offers lots of 3)________. to choose from. Users can follow 4)__________________ step by step. Then the author came across a cooking app last month. App’s functions Cooking home is 5)________. benefits In the last few weeks,the author has been engaged in home making. The author can cook exactly what he wants. Cooking st home is 6)_________. 答案:1. 1) a restaurant; 2) to enhance the relationship; 3) recipes; 4) detailed instructions; 5) cheaper; 6) healthier. 2.Read the blog entry about eating out and eating at home again. Find the sentences that use to-infinitives as subjects or predicatives and complete the table on P5. To-infinitives as subjects 1) To-infinitives as predicatives 2) 答案: 2. 1) ①To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. ②When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish. 2) ①Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant. ②My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills. 3. Observe the sentences, what can you find from them? When the to-infinitive is used as a subject, we usually use the preparatory subject 1) _______ at the beginning of the sentence. The to-infinitive can also be used as a predicative. It usually comes after the verb 2)________. 答案：3. 1) it; 2) be. 4.Identify what to-infinitives function as in the following sentences from the blog. 1) To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends.(L2) 2) There are a variety of recipes on the app to choose from.(L4) 3) My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills.(L13-14) 答案：1) object complement; 2) attributive; 3) adverbial of purpose. ●通过快速扫读和跳读文章，获取文章关键信息。 ●通过观察文本中动词不定式的形式和用法，总结归纳出最核心的规则。 6mins Activity 3 Working out the rules 通过学习具体规则，进一步理解动词不定式在句子中作主语和表语的用法。 · To-infinitives as subjects 1. 动词不定式作主语，通常表示具体的、一次性的或将要发生的动作。 如：① To cook Chinese food is not easy. ② To eat healthy food is important for our health. 注意：动名词作主语，通常表示一般的、抽象的或经常性的动作。 Trying new recipes is always fun. 2. 1) 动词不定式作主语时，如果不定式太长, 往往用_____ 作形式主语, 不定式后置，以保持句子的平衡。如： ① It is necessary to pay attention to the calorie intake when we are preparing the food. ② It is the hardest to give up the food that you grow up with. 2) 常见句型： ① It＋is＋n.＋to do sth. It is a pleasure to taste such a variety of delicious dishes. ② It takes/took/will take sb＋some time/money＋to do sth. It takes a lot of time to prepare a gourmet meal from scratch. ③ It＋be＋adj.＋for/of sb＋to do sth. It is easy for a chef to create new recipes with different ingredients.//It is kind of you to share your homemade cookies with us. ④ It seems (appears)＋adj.＋to do sth. It seems difficult to make sushi without any experience. 3) 区分： It＋be＋adj.＋ of sb. to do （此处形容词通常是表示人的品质的词，如kind, foolish, good, nice, rude, generous等） It＋be＋adj.＋ for sb. to do（此处形容词通常是描述事情性质的词，如easy, difficult, hard, important, impossible, necessary等） ① It is kind __________ you to invite me to dinner. ② It is easy__________ you to learn how to cook Chinese food. ③ It is considerate__________ them to prepare a special meal for their guests. ④ It is challenging __________ people to try foreign foods from different cultures. 4) Rewrite the following sentences by using it as preparatory subject. ① To learn some table manners is necessary. ② To offer the best seat to the eldest person at the table is polite. ③ To sit straight while eating is good manners.  ④ To talk with your mouth full is a rude behavior. 答案：2.1) it; 3) ① of; ② for; ③ of; ④ for. 4) ① It is necessary to learn some table manners. ② It is polite to offer the best seat to the eldest person at the table. ③ It is good manners to sit straight while eating. ④ It is a rude behavior to talk with your mouth full. 3. “特殊疑问词 + 不定式” 构成的不定式短语作主语时，相当于主语从句。常见的特殊疑问词有：what , who , which , when , where , why , how 等。如： ① What to eat for dinner is always a tough decision for me. Which ingredients to use is important for making a good dish. 4. 主谓一致： 1) 单个不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数； To eat at home ______(be) a good choice. ② 2) and连接两个以上并列的不定式作主语，谓语动词就用复数; To select the right ingredients and to cook them properly _______two important steps in preparing a delicious meal. 3) 多个不定式作为一个整体作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 When and where to treat my friends _____________________ (not decide) yet. 答案：1) is; 2) are; 3) hasn’t been decided. · To-infinitives as subjects 1. 动词不定式作表语，通常说明主语的具体内容。 其主语通常是 aim, ambition, dream, duty, goal, idea, intention, plan, purpose, task, way ,wish 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。如： ① His ambition is to become a professional chef. ② My wish is to share my favorite dishes with everyone. 不定式作表语通常可以和主语位置互换。 Her dream is to open a bakery.＝To open a bakery is her dream. 2. 某些系动词，如be（是）、seem（看起来）、appear（看起来）、prove（证明）、turn out（结果）等，后面可以接不定式作表语。 ① The way best to enjoy this dish is to eat it while it’s still hot. ② This new restaurant seems to be very popular among food lovers. ③ The dessert appears to be very delicious. ④ This recipe proves to be easy to follow for beginners. ⑤ The cake turned out to be a big hit at the party. 3. “特殊疑问词 + 不定式”通常与be动词构成系表结构，作be动词的表语。如： ① The problem is how to prepare this dish. ② The concern is where to buy fresh produce. 4. 当主语部分有行为动词do的各种形式(did/do/does等)时，用作表语的不定式通常要省略to(即“前有do, 后无to”)。 ① What she does is (to) make delicious meals for her family. ② All they did was (to) serve the guests the best food. 5. 某些动词的不定式与 be 动词连用时常用主动形式表示被动意义,如be to blame（应负责任）， be to let/rent（出租），be to hire（出租，供雇佣），be to sell（出售）。 ① The restaurant is to blame for the poor quality of the food. ② The bakery is to hire. ③ The fresh produce is to sell. 注意：当动词不定式作主语和表语时，可以有被动形式。 ① It is a privilege for the guest of honor to be served first. ② It is the goal of the dinner party to be enjoyed by everyone. ③ The ingredients are to be stored in a cool place. ④ The recipe is to be followed carefully. ●通过一些与主题语境相关的句子的观察，深化学生对于动词不定式作主语和表语时的具体规则的学习。 8mins 应用实践 Activity 4 Applying the rules 在语境中带着学生运用动词不定式。 1.Rewrite the following sentences using to-infinitives according to the requirements in the brackets. 1) The next dish that the cook will prepare is Kung Pao Chicken. (attributive). 2) The preparation of home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable. (subject) 3) Her dream is that she will open a restaurant some day. (predicative) 4) We will put the potatoes in the pot first in order that they will be cooked quickly. (adverbial of purpose) 5) I consider the Soup of the Day as the best option on the menu. (object complement) 答案：1) The next dish to be prepared by the cook is Kung Pao Chicken. 2)①To prepare home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable.②It is easy and enjoyable to prepare home-cooked meals. 3)We will put the potatoes in the pot first (in order) to cook them quickly. 4) Her dream is to open a restaurant some day. 5) I consider the Soup of the Day to be the best option on the menu. 3. Below is a lifestyle magazine article. Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets. As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre. 1) _________ (locate) at the top of Tower 88, it gives you an amazing view of the bay. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable 2)_________ (see) the scenery outside while having your meal. Since it takes about an hour 3)________(turn) the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is 4)_______ (sit) by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. The atmosphere is lively and modern, with its walls 5) ________ (paint) white and light blue. Sky Buffet serves a menu full of eye-catching Asian dishes, 6) ________ (range) from Chinese food to Japanese food. It will be a good idea 7)_________ (invite) your family and friends over for dinner. Sky Buffet is considered by many locals 8)_______ (be) the perfect location for a special occasion. 答案：2. 1) Located; 2)to see; 3) to turn; 4) to sit; 5) painted; 6)ranging; 7)to invite; 8) to be. 3.What are the to-infinitives used as in each sentence of this article? 答案：3. 1)...to see...(subject); 2)...to turn...(subject); 3) ...to sit...(predicative); 4)... to invite...(subject); 5)... to be...(object complement). 4.Answer the questions: 1) Where is Sky Buffet? 2) What makes eating there enjoyable? 3) How can you get the most wonderful views? 答案：4. 1) It is located at the top of Tower 88 in the city centre. 2) Its entire seating area turns slowly and it’s enjoyable to see the scenery outside while having your meal. 3) Your best bet is to sit by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. 4. Writing. Imagine your friend has taken you out to dinner at Sky Buffet. Write a thank-you note to your friend, offering to return the favour by inviting him or her to your home for dinner next weekend. Remember to use to-infinitives. Use the expressions below to help you. 1) Useful Expressions：① I am writing to ...② It was so kind of you to ...③ It was wonderful to ...④ I have always wanted to ...⑤I would like/love to ...⑥My plan is to ... 2) Presentation. 答案：(possible version) Dear Tom, I am writing to thank you for taking me to Sky Buffet. It was so kind of you to invite me and book a table by the window. It was wonderful to see the city scenery and watch the beautiful sunset. I have always wanted to give Sky Buffet a try, and it certainly lived up to my expectations! Do you have any arrangements next weekend? My plan is to invite you over to my home for dinner next Saturday. The view won’t be as good as at Sky Buffet but I would like to cook you something special to thank you. Yours, Li hua Activity 5 Language Points Underline the important words and phrases. 1) 急切地去做某事; 2) 改善与我朋友的关系; 3) 碰见，偶然发现（人/物）; 4)从……中选择; 5)提供详细的说明; 6) 逐步地; 7) 美味的菜肴; 8) 投身于; 9) 难怪; 10) 家常菜；11) 认为……怎么样；12) 只要；13) 对……印象深刻； 14) 让你看到海湾迷人的景色；15) 更好的是；16)对风景感到厌烦；17) 最好的办法；18) 范围从……到……变化。 答案：1)be eager to do sth. ; 2) enhance the relationships with my friends; 3) come across; 4) choose from; 5) offer detailed instructions; 6) step by step; 7) tasty dish; 8) throw oneself into; 9) no wonder; 10) home-cooked meals; 11) consider sth. as= consider sth. to be; 12) as long as =so long as; 13) be impressed by; 14) give sb. an amazing view of the bay; 15) better still; 16) get bored with the scenery; 17) one’s best bet; 18) range from ... to ... ●通过层次分明的练习设计，帮助学生内化动词不定式在语境中的具体运用，发展他们的英语语法意识和能力，培养学生在语境中对动词不定式的实际应用能力。 ●通过聚焦于重点短语，促进学生对于主题语境相关的表达的积累。 20mins Activity 6 Summary 总结动词不定式在句子中的用法，以及它作主语和表语时的具体规则。 ●通过回顾动词不定式的用法和规则，加深学生对于所学内容的理解。 1min Activity 8 Assessment 展示评价表，供学生对自己本节课中的表现及所学情况进行自我评价。 ●通过自我评价，帮助学生了解自己的学习情况，提高学习的积极性和主动性。 2mins 迁移创新 作业内容 作业设计意图 1min 1.Finish C on page 58. decide hear complete update spend free look be shut lower 1) It is a good idea _____________up a word in the dictionary when you are not sure how to use it. 2) The young man left that city, never ______________ from again. 3) Whether to take the train or to fly there is for you __________. 4) He went out, __________ the door behind him. 5) The machine doesn't work. Something seems __________ wrong with it. 6) I still remember the happy days __________ with the students from other cities at the summer camp. 7) My task is _____________ the project by the end of the week, so I will be as busy as a bee. 8) He stood in shame, his head down and eyes __________. 9) __________our body of tension, we need to do some sports and relax ourselves. 10) It's important for the software ________________. Otherwise the computer will slow down. 答案：1. 1) to look; 2) to be heard; 3) to decide; 4)shutting; 5) to be; 6) spent; 7) to complete; 8) lowered; 9) To free; 10) to be updated. 2.Polish up your writing. ●通过练习，让学生在真实的语境中运用所学知识，进一步提高和巩固学生对目标语法的运用能力。 板书设计 Unit1 Food Matters Grammar and usage To-infinitives 教学反思 优点： 教学设计紧密结合新课标的相关要求，围绕‘形式-意义-使用’采用和设计不同类型的学习实践活动，创设各种跟主题相关的语境，将动词不定式的用法有机融入各教学环节，从而引导学生发展英语语法意识和能力，注重学生的实际应用能力的培养。 缺点： 在某些活动的设计中，可能未能充分考虑所有学生的个体差异，可能会导致部分学生跟不上教学进度，或影响教学进度。 改进： 今后应更加关注学生的个体差异，利用课前课后的时间，提供个性化指导和支持，尽量使所有学生都能参与到课堂中来。 今后应更关注主题语境，创设对应的情境练习语言点。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$