精品解析：上海市海华东师范大学附属进华中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期末英语试卷

上海华东师范大学附属进华中学2024学年度第二学期 高二年级英语学科期末考试卷 考生注意： 1.考试时间90分钟，试卷满分100分。 2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3.答题前，务必在答题纸规定的地方填写考生姓名和学号。 I. Listening Comprehension（25°） Section A（10'） Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A zoo keeper. B. A postal worker. C. A shop assistant. D. An airport security guard. 2. A. Satisfied. B. Disappointed. C. Afraid. D. Apologetic. 3. A. They got there at different time. B. The woman didn't go there. C. The man forgot about the meeting. D. They didn't agree on the meeting place. 4. A. Her husband couldn't find a suitable job. B. Her husband quarreled with their son. C. She had an argument with her husband. D. She had to stay home because she was fired. 5. A. Exciting. B. Funny. C. Outdated. D. Terrible. 6. A. At a restaurant. B. At a grocery. C. In a theater. D. On a farm. 7. A. She doesn't work hard enough. B. She never falls asleep in class. C. She has a Japanese cultural background. D. Her parents urge her to have more sleep. 8. A. Take a course on sailing. B. Watch some sailing shows. C. Buy things needed for sailing. D. Learn sailing from an app. 9. A. The birds are not beautiful enough. B. The woman prefers to teach a cat to talk. C. The birds actually cannot imitate human voice. D. The woman won't have the birds at such a price. 10. A. He didn't see the sign. B. He got three parking tickets this month. C. He refused to pay a fine. D. He parked his car there after working hours. Section B（15'） Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation.After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. His regular water therapy. B. His disability to swim like others. C. Lack of proper training. D. A terrible experience in a pool. 12. A. He wanted to train an Olympic champion. B. He hoped kids like Zulfic could learn swimming. C. He wanted to improve physical education for kids. D. The existing swimming equipment wasn't standard. 13. A. He will soon compete in a world game. B. He could swim twice as fast as average swimmers. C. He could swim the length of Olympic-sized pools with help. D. He won a local swimming competition for disabled people. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A cell phone. B. A leather wallet. C. A mini camera. D. An alarm clock. 15. A. It will track the thief with GPS system. B. It will contact banks to stop withdrawing. C. An alarm will be sent to the police station. D. A picture of the opener will be taken. 16. A. It is a multifunctional wallet. B. It's old-fashioned in this age. C. It is unique in size and function. D. It can text messages automatically. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A.30%. B. 24%. C. 96%. D. 50%. 18. A. He nearly became blind. B His vision became even worse. C. He couldn't see very well at night. D. His eyes were dry for several months. 19. A. Nervous. B. Regretful. C. Painful. D. Relaxed. 20. A. Laser surgery is safe despite its side effects. B. Two weeks' home rest is required after the surgery. C. The cost of the surgery is too high for ordinary people. D. People with poor vision are all good candidates for the surgery. Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary（20'） Section A（10'） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How to cope with academic stress A lot of teens are struggling ____1____ cope with academic stress. ____2____ stress can motivate you to work harder, it can also have the opposite results. If your goals are unrealistic, you will feel ____3____ (disappoint) about your performance, no matter how well you do. High-performing students are able to set realistic goals and are well prepared. Since they divide their work into reasonable daily and weekly targets, they tend to be less stressed about their exams. Reward yourself when you are ____4____ (do) with your daily tasks, for instance by watching an episode of your favorite show. It is also good to find a hobby that you are interested in, preferably ____5____ that allows you to have a social life. Teenagers who are ____6____ (involve) in club activities generally cope better with stress. Rest is an essential part of any work schedule. ____7____ you do, remember to get enough sleep. A good night’s sleep is crucial for maintaining normal concentration and focus, ____8____ a healthy body and mind. Long-term stress and a constant lack of sleep can have serious consequences. While teens often have mood swings, these could also be the first signs of mental health problems. Teenagers ____9____ seem depressed and avoid social interactions may need support, and friends and family can be a huge source of comfort. If you’re struggling yourself, find someone you can talk to. Finally, remember that there’s ____10____ wrong with seeking professional help. Section B（10'） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Not e that there is one word more than you need. A. estimate B. universally C. evolved D. adopted E. converted F. extended G. fascinate H. incredible I. superior J. footprint K. cheer Words, words, words We use hundreds, maybe even thousands of different words every day. Many of them have been part of our vocabulary since early childhood, but the words that ___11___ us are the other ones, the ones that didn’t even exit a few years ago. As the world changes, the vocabulary that people use moves on too. In fact, experts ___12___ that at least 4,000 new English words are coined every year. Have you ever stopped to wonder where they come from and why they have the meanings that they do? It's no surprise that some of the new words come from another language, but you would be amazed to find out that Modern English, which has ___13___ from Old English, has taken about 80% of its vocabulary from other sources: mostly from French and Latin, but also from an ___14___ 350 other languages. Some of these loanwords are used because there is no existing word in English to cover the meaning. In Britain, people now eat Chinese dim sum and the Greek dish kleftiko, and blow a South African vuvuzela to ___15___ on a football team. Other words are ___16___ even when there’s an existing English alternative, because the foreign word sounds ___17___ or more clever and elegant in some way. People think Italian coffee tastes better than the coffee traditionally drunk in Britain, so they often use the Italian word americano to order a black coffee in a café. Whenever we switch on a computer or mobile, we do things that were unheard of a few decades ago. Sometimes, the new language that we need for technology evolves by giving new meanings to old words. Hack used to mean cut or kick and this usage carries on today. But as the Internet developed, the use of the word was ___18___ to the metaphorical meaning “access someone else’s computer illegally”. This new meaning is now so ___19___ accepted that no one today thinks of it as a metaphor. There are also new compounds of existing words, for example. cloud computing (computer resources delivered over the Internet) and digital ___20___(the record left on the Internet of all your online so activity). And then there are those useful things, prefixes. Instead of receiving an old-fashioned card bought in a shop and sent in the mail, you might now receive an e-card bought in an e-shop and sent by email. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension（45'） Section A（15'） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B. C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Frankenstein On a stormy night in 1815, a young, 18-year-old girl had a ___21___ nightmare. The nightmare was terrible, but it gave her an idea for a tale — a tale that would become the most recognized ___22___ story in the world: the story of Frankenstein's monster. The author's name was Mary Shelley (1797 — 1851). Her novel describes the trials of an ___23___ young scientist, Dr Frankenstein, who uses his knowledge to bring an inanimate body to life, but then ___24___ the shocking “monster” he creates. At the time of writing, the story was a powerful warning ___25___ scientific advances and is the Industrial Revolution, which was about ___26___ across Europe. Many artists and writers were concerned ___27___ this industrialization and the effect it would have ___28___ man's relationship with nature. They saw danger in the new scientific advances. Volume 1, Chapter 4 It was on a dreary night in November that I completed my work. With an anxiety that almost ___29___ to pain, I collected the instruments of life around me that I might add a small amount of being to the lifeless thing that ___30___ at my feet. It was already one in the morning; the rain fell dismally against the windows, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the failing light, I saw the yellow eye of the ___31___ open; it breathed hard, and a sudden movement disturbed its arms and legs. How can I describe my emotions at this disaster, or how to describe the terrible creature I had tried to form? His arms and legs were in proportion, and I had selected his ___32___ as beautiful. Beautiful! His yellow skin ___33___ covered the muscles beneath; his hair was black and flowing; his teeth of a pearly whiteness that formed a horrible contrast with his watery eyes, his ___34___ face and straight black mouth. I had worked hard for nearly two years for the only purpose of breathing life into an inanimate body. For this I had ___35___ myself of rest and health, but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream disappeared, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. 21. A. moral B. vivid C. massive D. pure 22. A. horror B. motivation C. peak D. charm 23. A. elegant B. ambitious C. innocent D. patient 24. A. rejects B. boosts C. hacks D. rebels 25. A. at B. with C. against D. of 26. A. spread B. spreading C. to spread D. to spreading 27. A. at B. to C. about D. with 28. A. at B. to C. about D. on 29 A. amounted B. attained C. combined D. engaged 30. A. lies B. lied C. laid D. lay 31. A. creature B. cage C. civilian D. comedy 32. A. features B. settings C. symbols D. professions 33. A. universally B. barely C. unrealistically D. artificially 34. A. shifted B. rooted C. eased D. wrinkled 35 A. deprived B. behaved C. decreased D. tackled Section B（22'） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） At the 4th Street Photo Gallery on the comer of the Bowery, many photos are strung together like clothes on a laundry line. There are portraits of Muhammad Ali and Jean-Michel Basquiat, plus a series of cityscapes detailedly captured over 60 years by Alex Harsley, a neglected but talented New York photographer. The city has been Mr Harsley’s home since 1948, when, aged ten, he moved there from South Carolina. He took his first photograph ten years later, and became the first black photographer to work for the city’s district attorney’s office. His vivid pictures freeze moments in New York’s evolution from the 1950s to the present. “It could start with the smell of something burning.” he says of his method. “And then you see a family sitting on the steps of a funeral home sadly looking at the firemen going through their routine.” Some of the scenes in the collection were captured from the window of his old apartment in Harlem; they include images of black activists, streets submerged in snow and shots of the Crown Heights riots of 1991. A.D. Coleman, a photography critic, says Mr. Harsley has been able to capture the lives of minority groups by making himself “invisible”. His aim has been to assemble these fragments (片段) into an extended history of the city. Mr. Harsley’s gallery is a time capsule. For decades, it is also a hub for the city’s artistic underworld. In the 1970s New York’s photography scene was flourishing, but exclusive. As Mr. Harsley puts it, “a number of great artists were swept aside” because they lacked connections. Helping talent became part of his mission. In 1971 he established The Minority Photographers, an organization that helps up-and-coming artists exhibit their work. He opened his gallery two years later; many photographers have had their first shows there. 36. How does the author describe Alex Harsley in the first paragraph? A. Undervalued but expert. B. Gifted but exclusive. C. Unknown but devoted. D. Gifted but awkward. 37. What does the underlined sentence mean? A. His pictures show freezing weather in New York from the 1950s to the present. B. His pictures capture the cheerful moments in New York since the 1950s. C. His pictures record some historic occasions of New York over the past decades. D. His pictures illustrate the vivid lives of minority groups in New York over the past decades. 38. Why does Mr. Harsley make himself “invisible”? A. To assemble the minority groups of the city. B. To highlight the lives of minority groups. C. To help promising artists attract more public attention. D. To build connections between the minority groups and himself. 39. How did Mr. Harsley help the other artists? A. He excluded those who looked down upon the unknown artists. B. He set an organization displaying their works. C. He established the connections between up-and-coming artists and famous ones. D. He reduced the rents of the gallery where their photography works were shown. （B） TROUBLESHOOTING For possible malfunctions as described below, please contact Customer Services at 1-800-2020-123. PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE SOLUTION The coffee is not hot. ·The cups were not preheated. Warm the cups by rinsing them with hot water（N.B. you can use the hot water function）. Coffee does not come out of the spouts. ·The spouts are blocked. Clean the spouts with a toothpick. The coffee does not come out of the spouts, but from around the service e door. ·The holes in the spouts are clogged with dry coffee dust. ·The coffee guide inside the service door is blocked and cannot swing. ·Clean the spouts with a toothpick, sponge or hard bristled kitchen brush. ·Thoroughly clean the coffee guide. particularly near the hinges. The frothed milk has large bubbles. ·The milk is not cold enough or is not semi-skimmed. ·You should ideally use skimmed or semi-skimmed milk at refrigerator temperature （about 5℃）. If the result is not as you wished, try changing brand of milk. The milk is not frothed（起泡）. ·Cappuccino maker is dirty. ·Clean as described in the section “Cleaning the cappuccino maker after use”. Steam delivery stops ·A safety device stops steam delivery after 3 minutes. ·Wait, then activate the steam function again. The appliance does not come on. ·It is not plugged into the mains socket. ·The main switch（A2） is not turned on. ·Plug into the mains socket. ·Place the main switch in the I position. 40. If the appliance doesn't work, which of the following may be the cause? A. It has been used for many years. B. It is not plugged into the socket. C. Its temperature is too high. D. Its spouts are blocked. 41. According to the table, which of the following is true? A. If coffee taste bitter, you may add some milk and sugar. B. If coffee is delivered too slowly, you may wait and activate the function again. C. If coffee doesn't come out of spouts, you may check them with a toothpick. D. If milk is not frothed, you may use semi-skimmed milk. 42. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A coffee bean package. B. A cappuccino coffee machine booklet. C. A cappuccino coffee machine advertisement. D. A coffee machine quality report. （C） That easterners and westerners think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Many psychological studies conducted over the past two decades suggest Westerners have a more individualistic, analytic and abstract mental life than do East Asians. Several hypotheses (假设) have been put forward to explain this. One, that modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first hurdle: Japan, an ultra-modem country whose people have retained a collective outlook. A second, that a higher rate of infectious disease in a place makes contact with strangers more dangerous, and causes groups to turn inward, is hardly better. Europe has had its share of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea. That led Thomas Talheim of the University of Virginia and his colleagues to look into a third suggestion: that the crucial difference is agricultural. The basic West crop is wheat; the East's rice. Before the mechanization of agriculture a farmer who grew rice had to spend twice as many hours doing so as one who grew wheat. To organize labour efficiently, especially at times of planting and harvesting, rice-growing societies as far apart as India, Malaysia and Japan all develop co-operative labour exchanges which let neighbors stagger their farms' schedules in order to assist each other during these crucial periods. Since, until recently almost everyone alive was a farmer, it is a reasonable hypothesis that such a collective outlook would dominate a society's culture and behaviour, and might prove so deep-rooted that even now, when most people earn their living in other ways, it helps to define their lives. Mr. Talheim realized that this idea is testable. Large areas of Asia particularly in the north, depend not on rice, but on wheat. That, as he explains in a paper in Science, let him and his team put some flesh on this theory's bones. The team gathered almost 1,200 volunteers from all over Asia and asked them questions to assess their individualism or collectivism. The answers bore little relation to the wealth of a volunteer's place of origin. There was a striking correlation, though, with whether it was a rice-growing or a wheat-growing area. This difference was marked even between people from neighbouring counties with different agricultural traditions. Undoubtedly, Talheim's hypothesis has pointed to a direction worth further exploration. Viewing the message from modernized countries such as Japan, Korea and Singapore, which still hold on to collectivism, perhaps we can say: Asian values-with their principles of mutual support and collective action-are only "Asian" because back in ancient times, farmers in many parts of that continent found rice a more suitable crop to grow than wheat. 43. According to the second paragraph, which statement does the author most probably agree with? A. The first hypothesis fails to justify Japan's ever-keeping collectivism as well as the second. B. The exposure to plague outbreaks increases the probability of the Europeans to turn back to individualism. C. Modernized Japan stays close to collectivism as firmly as Europe maintains individualism in the times of plague. D. Neither modernization, as with Europe, nor the once prevailing plague, as with Japan, gives any evidence that promotes individualism. 44. What does the underlined word “stagger” probably mean? A. arrange events so that they do not happen at the same time B. help something to develop more strongly because it's about to collapse C. plan or organize something in advance to make it neat or attractive D. offer something to somebody and receive something in return 45. Mr. Talheim studied the Asian volunteers growing wheat in order to find out . A. whether growing wheat results in more sharing behavior. B. whether growing wheat leads to more prosperous community. C. whether the local crop affects the local economy positively. D. whether the local crop is related to local people's mental life. 46. Which of the following can serve as the best title for this passage? A. A good beginning makes a good ending. B. The grass is greener on the other side. C. As you sow, so you will reap. D. You are what you eat. Section C（8'） Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A writer for all time ___47___ At that point, seven years after the playwright’s death, Shakespeare was just one of many respected writers of his era, but in the years that followed the words of that preface proved to be true. His reputation grew and grew and today Shakespeare is widely recognized as the greatest writer in the history of English literature. His plays live on, translated into at least 80 languages and performed all over the globe. Why is it that, 400 years after his death, his work is still rated so highly? Many writers before Shakespeare could write great comedy, or tragedy, or history, but Shakespeare could tell great stories in all these genres and more: from fantastic fairy tale (A Midsummer Night’s Dream) to political play (Richard Ⅲ). ___48___ In fact, he usually took them from traditional stories, history or other writers. In his hands, however, they became powerful tales that went beyond time and culture. Romeo and Juliet is a story of love, hate and teenage rebellion against strict parents. Macbeth shows the dangers of ruthless ambition. Othello deals with insecurity, trust and jealousy. ___49___As well as productions using the original language and settings, there have been imaginative reinterpretations as musicals (Romeo and Juliet / West Side Story), sci-fi films(The Tempest/ Forbidden Planet), high school romantic comedies(welfth Night/ She’s the Man), Bollywood films (Macbeth/ Maqbool), and even children’s cartoons (Hamlet/ The Lion King). While some parts of Shakespeare’s plays are in prose, his greatest speeches are in verse and their language, though old-fashioned, still arouses modern audiences’ feelings. His jokes ensure that the theatre is often filled with laughter, but moments later there might be a most beautiful passage about love or chilling words about death, revenge or jealousy. ___50___ It is thought that he started writing these in 1592 when the disease stopped Londoners from being able to go to the theatre. They include some of the most famous lines about love and beauty in the English. A. He rarely came up with original plots for his plays. B. “He was not of an age, but for all time!” stated the preface of William Shakespeare’s collected plays when they were first published in 1623. C. It’s no surprise that theatre and film directors return again and again to his plays for their material. D. Even individual words were a chance for Shakespeare to show off his creativity. E. They include everyday words, such as generous, apostrophe, hurry, road and amazement. F. As well as at least 37 plays, he is known 30 for 154 short poems called sonnets. Ⅳ. Translation（10'） 51. 很多健康问题是和饮食有关的。（relate）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 52. 他肯定把他的钥匙落在办公室里了。（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 我本不应该浪费我的时间的，我现在感到很后悔。(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 上海华东师范大学附属进华中学2024学年度第二学期 高二年级英语学科期末考试卷 考生注意： 1.考试时间90分钟，试卷满分100分。 2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3.答题前，务必在答题纸规定的地方填写考生姓名和学号。 I. Listening Comprehension（25°） Section A（10'） Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A zoo keeper. B. A postal worker. C. A shop assistant. D. An airport security guard. 2 A. Satisfied. B. Disappointed. C. Afraid. D. Apologetic. 3. A. They got there at different time. B. The woman didn't go there. C. The man forgot about the meeting. D. They didn't agree on the meeting place. 4. A. Her husband couldn't find a suitable job. B. Her husband quarreled with their son. C. She had an argument with her husband. D. She had to stay home because she was fired. 5. A. Exciting. B. Funny. C. Outdated. D. Terrible. 6. A. At a restaurant. B. At a grocery. C. In a theater. D. On a farm. 7. A. She doesn't work hard enough. B. She never falls asleep in class. C. She has a Japanese cultural background. D. Her parents urge her to have more sleep. 8. A. Take a course on sailing. B. Watch some sailing shows. C. Buy things needed for sailing. D. Learn sailing from an app. 9. A. The birds are not beautiful enough. B. The woman prefers to teach a cat to talk. C. The birds actually cannot imitate human voice. D. The woman won't have the birds at such a price. 10. A. He didn't see the sign. B. He got three parking tickets this month. C. He refused to pay a fine. D. He parked his car there after working hours. Section B（15'） Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation.After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. His regular water therapy. B. His disability to swim like others. C. Lack of proper training. D. A terrible experience in a pool. 12. A. He wanted to train an Olympic champion. B. He hoped kids like Zulfic could learn swimming. C. He wanted to improve physical education for kids. D. The existing swimming equipment wasn't standard. 13. A. He will soon compete in a world game. B. He could swim twice as fast as average swimmers. C. He could swim the length of Olympic-sized pools with help. D. He won a local swimming competition for disabled people. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A cell phone. B. A leather wallet. C. A mini camera. D. An alarm clock. 15. A. It will track the thief with GPS system. B. It will contact banks to stop withdrawing. C. An alarm will be sent to the police station. D. A picture of the opener will be taken. 16. A. It is a multifunctional wallet. B. It's old-fashioned in this age. C. It is unique in size and function. D. It can text messages automatically. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A.30%. B. 24%. C. 96%. D. 50%. 18. A. He nearly became blind. B. His vision became even worse. C. He couldn't see very well at night. D. His eyes were dry for several months. 19. A. Nervous. B. Regretful. C. Painful. D. Relaxed. 20. A. Laser surgery is safe despite its side effects. B. Two weeks' home rest is required after the surgery. C. The cost of the surgery is too high for ordinary people. D. People with poor vision are all good candidates for the surgery. Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary（20'） Section A（10'） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How to cope with academic stress A lot of teens are struggling ____1____ cope with academic stress. ____2____ stress can motivate you to work harder, it can also have the opposite results. If your goals are unrealistic, you will feel ____3____ (disappoint) about your performance, no matter how well you do. High-performing students are able to set realistic goals and are well prepared. Since they divide their work into reasonable daily and weekly targets, they tend to be less stressed about their exams. Reward yourself when you are ____4____ (do) with your daily tasks, for instance by watching an episode of your favorite show. It is also good to find a hobby that you are interested in, preferably ____5____ that allows you to have a social life. Teenagers who are ____6____ (involve) in club activities generally cope better with stress. Rest is an essential part of any work schedule. ____7____ you do, remember to get enough sleep. A good night’s sleep is crucial for maintaining normal concentration and focus, ____8____ a healthy body and mind. Long-term stress and a constant lack of sleep can have serious consequences. While teens often have mood swings, these could also be the first signs of mental health problems. Teenagers ____9____ seem depressed and avoid social interactions may need support, and friends and family can be a huge source of comfort. If you’re struggling yourself, find someone you can talk to. Finally, remember that there’s ____10____ wrong with seeking professional help. 【答案】1. to 2. While##Although##Though 3. disappointed 4. done 5. one 6. involved 7. Whatever 8. and 9. who##that 10. nothing 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了青少年如何应对学业压力的方法，包括设置现实目标、奖励自己、参与活动、保证休息和睡眠、关注心理健康以及寻求专业帮助等内容。 【1题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：许多青少年都在努力应对学业压力。固定短语struggle to do sth. (努力做某事)。故填to。 【2题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然压力可以激励你更加努力地学习，但也可能产生相反的结果。首字母大写，空白处需引导让步状语从句，从属连词While/Although/Though (尽管)，符合句意和语法逻辑。故填While/Although/Though。 【3题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果你的目标不切实际，无论你做得多好，你都会对自己的表现感到失望。系动词feel后接形容词作表语，用说明人心理状态的-ed形容词disappointed (感到失望的)。故填disappointed。 【4题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：当你完成日常任务时，奖励自己，例如看一集你最喜欢的节目。固定短语be done with sth. (完成某事)。故填done。 【5题详解】 考查代词。句意：找到一个你感兴趣的爱好也是件好事，最好是一个能让你有社交生活的爱好。该空是定语从句that allows you to have a social life的先行词，为a hobby的同位语，需用代词指代前文的a hobby，one表示“一个”，泛指单数名词。故填one。 【6题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：参与俱乐部活动的青少年通常能更好地应对压力。固定短语be involved in (参与)。故填involved。 【7题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你做什么，记住要有足够的睡眠。首字母大写，空白处需引导让步状语从句，从属连词Whatever (无论什么)，在从句中作do的宾语。故填Whatever。 【8题详解】 考查并列连词。句意：良好的睡眠对于保持正常的注意力和专注力以及健康的身心至关重要。空白处连接两个并列成分（concentration and focus和a healthy body and mind），需用并列连词and表示“和”。故填and。 【9题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：看起来抑郁并避免社交互动的青少年可能需要支持，朋友和家人可以成为巨大的安慰来源。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是Teenagers，指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。 【10题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：最后，请记住，寻求专业帮助并没有错。固定句型There is nothing wrong with sth. (某事没有错)。故填nothing。 Section B（10'） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Not e that there is one word more than you need. A. estimate B. universally C. evolved D. adopted E. converted F. extended G. fascinate H. incredible I. superior J. footprint K. cheer Words, words, words We use hundreds, maybe even thousands of different words every day. Many of them have been part of our vocabulary since early childhood, but the words that ___11___ us are the other ones, the ones that didn’t even exit a few years ago. As the world changes, the vocabulary that people use moves on too. In fact, experts ___12___ that at least 4,000 new English words are coined every year. Have you ever stopped to wonder where they come from and why they have the meanings that they do? It's no surprise that some of the new words come from another language, but you would be amazed to find out that Modern English, which has ___13___ from Old English, has taken about 80% of its vocabulary from other sources: mostly from French and Latin, but also from an ___14___ 350 other languages. Some of these loanwords are used because there is no existing word in English to cover the meaning. In Britain, people now eat Chinese dim sum and the Greek dish kleftiko, and blow a South African vuvuzela to ___15___ on a football team. Other words are ___16___ even when there’s an existing English alternative, because the foreign word sounds ___17___ or more clever and elegant in some way. People think Italian coffee tastes better than the coffee traditionally drunk in Britain, so they often use the Italian word americano to order a black coffee in a café. Whenever we switch on a computer or mobile, we do things that were unheard of a few decades ago. Sometimes, the new language that we need for technology evolves by giving new meanings to old words. Hack used to mean cut or kick and this usage carries on today. But as the Internet developed, the use of the word was ___18___ to the metaphorical meaning “access someone else’s computer illegally”. This new meaning is now so ___19___ accepted that no one today thinks of it as a metaphor. There are also new compounds of existing words, for example. cloud computing (computer resources delivered over the Internet) and digital ___20___(the record left on the Internet of all your online so activity). And then there are those useful things, prefixes. Instead of receiving an old-fashioned card bought in a shop and sent in the mail, you might now receive an e-card bought in an e-shop and sent by email. 【答案】11. G 12. A 13. C 14. H 15. K 16. D 17. I 18. F 19. B 20. J 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述现代英语每年新增约4000词，80% 源于外来语，还通过旧词新义、复合词等方式演变，数字相关词汇常见。 【11题详解】 考查动词。 句意：我们每天使用数百甚至数千个不同的单词。其中许多从童年早期就已成为我们词汇的一部分，但令我们着迷的是那些甚至在几年前还不存在的其他单词。分析句子可知，此空应填动词，作从句的谓语，且时态为一般现在时，主语“the words”为复数，所以动词用原形。fascinate，表“使着迷”，符合语境。故选G。 【12题详解】 考查动词。 句意：事实上，专家估计每年至少创造4000个新英语单词。分析句子可知，此空应填动词，作主句的谓语，时态为一般现在时，主语experts为复数，动词用原形。estimate，表“估计”，符合语境。故选A。 【13题详解】 考查动词。 句意：不足为奇的是，一些新单词来自另一种语言，但你会惊讶地发现，由古英语演变而来的现代英语，约 80% 的词汇来自其他来源，主要来自法语和拉丁语，但也来自令人难以置信的350种其他语言。分析句子可知，此空应填动词的过去分词，与has构成现在完成时。evolved，表“演变”，evolve from，为固定短语，意为“从……演变而来”，符合语境。故选C。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。 句意：不足为奇的是，一些新单词来自另一种语言，但你会惊讶地发现，由古英语演变而来的现代英语，约 80%的词汇来自其他来源，主要来自法语和拉丁语，但也来自令人难以置信的350种其他语言。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词，修饰“350 other languages”。incredible，表“难以置信的”，符合语境。故选H。 【15题详解】 考查动词。 句意：在英国，人们现在吃中国的点心和希腊的克利夫提科菜，还会吹南非的呜呜祖拉来为足球队加油。分析句子可知，此空应填动词，“to do”不定式表目的。cheer，表“欢呼，加油”，cheer on，为固定短语，意为“为…… 加油”，符合语境。故选K。 【16题详解】 考查动词。 句意：即使有现有的英语替代词，其他单词也会被采用，因为外来词在某种程度上听起来更优越或更聪明优雅。分析句子可知，此空应填动词的过去分词，与are构成被动语态。adopted，表“采用”，符合语境。故选D。 【17题详解】 考查形容词比较级。 句意：即使有现有的英语替代词，其他单词也会被采用，因为外来词在某种程度上听起来更优越或更聪明优雅。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作表语，superior，表示“更优越的”，本身含有比较级意义，符合语境。故选I。 【18题详解】 考查动词。 句意：但随着互联网的发展，这个词的使用被扩展到隐喻意义“非法访问他人的计算机”。分析句子可知，此空应填动词的过去分词，与“was”构成被动语态。extended，表“扩展”，符合语境。故选F。 【19题详解】 考查副词。 句意：这个新含义现在被普遍接受，以至于今天没有人认为它是一个隐喻。分析句子可知，此空应填副词，修饰accepted。universally，表“普遍地”，符合语境。故选B。 【20题详解】 考查名词。 句意：还有现有单词的新复合词，例如云计算（通过互联网提供的计算机资源）和数字足迹（你所有在线活动在互联网上留下的记录）。分析句子可知，此空应填名词，作digital的中心词。footprint，表“足迹”，digital footprint，为固定短语，意为“数字足迹”，符合语境。故选J。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension（45'） Section A（15'） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B. C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Frankenstein On a stormy night in 1815, a young, 18-year-old girl had a ___21___ nightmare. The nightmare was terrible, but it gave her an idea for a tale — a tale that would become the most recognized ___22___ story in the world: the story of Frankenstein's monster. The author's name was Mary Shelley (1797 — 1851). Her novel describes the trials of an ___23___ young scientist, Dr Frankenstein, who uses his knowledge to bring an inanimate body to life, but then ___24___ the shocking “monster” he creates. At the time of writing, the story was a powerful warning ___25___ scientific advances and is the Industrial Revolution, which was about ___26___ across Europe. Many artists and writers were concerned ___27___ this industrialization and the effect it would have ___28___ man's relationship with nature. They saw danger in the new scientific advances. Volume 1, Chapter 4 It was on a dreary night in November that I completed my work. With an anxiety that almost ___29___ to pain, I collected the instruments of life around me that I might add a small amount of being to the lifeless thing that ___30___ at my feet. It was already one in the morning; the rain fell dismally against the windows, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the failing light, I saw the yellow eye of the ___31___ open; it breathed hard, and a sudden movement disturbed its arms and legs. How can I describe my emotions at this disaster, or how to describe the terrible creature I had tried to form? His arms and legs were in proportion, and I had selected his ___32___ as beautiful. Beautiful! His yellow skin ___33___ covered the muscles beneath; his hair was black and flowing; his teeth of a pearly whiteness that formed a horrible contrast with his watery eyes, his ___34___ face and straight black mouth. I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the only purpose of breathing life into an inanimate body. For this I had ___35___ myself of rest and health, but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream disappeared, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. 21. A. moral B. vivid C. massive D. pure 22. A. horror B. motivation C. peak D. charm 23. A. elegant B. ambitious C. innocent D. patient 24. A. rejects B. boosts C. hacks D. rebels 25. A. at B. with C. against D. of 26. A. spread B. spreading C. to spread D. to spreading 27. A. at B. to C. about D. with 28. A. at B. to C. about D. on 29. A. amounted B. attained C. combined D. engaged 30. A. lies B. lied C. laid D. lay 31. A. creature B. cage C. civilian D. comedy 32. A. features B. settings C. symbols D. professions 33. A. universally B. barely C. unrealistically D. artificially 34. A. shifted B. rooted C. eased D. wrinkled 35. A. deprived B. behaved C. decreased D. tackled 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章是《弗兰肯斯坦》创作背景及小说节选。它旨在向读者客观介绍这部经典作品的创作背景、核心内容、时代意义，并通过节选提供文本例证，帮助读者理解这部作品。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1815年一个暴风雨的夜晚，一位18岁的年轻女孩做了一个清晰的噩梦。A. moral 道德的；B. vivid 生动的，清晰的；C. massive 大量的；D. pure 纯净的。此空需要一个形容词修饰“nightmare”。B项“vivid”意为“生动的，逼真的”，能体现出噩梦的清晰和真实感，这也与后文“it gave her an idea for a tale”对女孩产生的影响相呼应。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个噩梦十分可怕，却它给了她一个故事的灵感——这个故事日后将成为全世界最广为人知的恐怖故事：弗兰肯斯坦的怪物传说。A. horror 恐怖；B. motivation 动机；C. peak 顶峰；D. charm 魅力。 根据前文的“nightmare”可推测，这个故事是恐怖的，“horror”表示“恐怖”，并且根据常识，《弗兰肯斯坦》是经典的恐怖故事，符合其文学类型。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的小说描述了一位有雄心的年轻科学家弗兰肯斯坦博士的试验。A. elegant 优雅的；B. ambitious 有雄心的；C. innocent 无辜的；D. patient 耐心的。空格修饰“young scientist”， 结合后文“uses his knowledge to bring an inanimate body to life”可知他用知识赋予无生命体生命，是其有雄心的体现。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：弗兰肯斯坦博士用学识赋予无生命体以生命，却拒绝他亲手创造的骇人怪物。A. rejects 拒绝，排斥；B. boosts 推广；C. hacks 砍，非法侵入；D. rebels 反叛。 空格描述弗兰肯斯坦对他创造的怪物的反应。根据空前弗兰肯斯坦博士用学识赋予无生命体以生命， 再结合but 以及后文“breathless horror and disgust”描述他感到喘不过气的恐惧和厌恶，可推测他是拒绝接受自己创造的怪物，A项最准确描述了他的态度和行动。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查介词辨析。句意：在创作这部小说时，这个故事是对科学进步以及即将蔓延欧洲的工业革命的有力警示。A. at 在……；B. with 带有 ；C. against 反对；D. of ……的。根据本段最后一句“They saw danger in the new scientific advances.”可知强调的是科学进步的危险，C项 against 符合语意。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：在创作这部小说时，这个故事是对科学进步以及即将蔓延欧洲的工业革命的有力警示。A. spread 传播(过去式/过去分词)；B. spreading 传播(现在分词/动名词)；C. to spread 传播(不定式)；D. to spreading 传播(介词+动名词)。根据文章第一段给的时间点1815年，以及上文“the story was a powerful warning  5 scientific advances and is the Industrial Revolution”结合常识可知，1815年工业革命处于向欧洲扩散的进程中，非“即将开始”。“be about doing”表示“正在进行某事”（动作已开始），更符合工业革命在1815年的历史阶段。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：许多艺术家和作家对这种工业化以及它将对人类与自然关系产生的影响感到担忧。A. at 在；B. to 向，对于；C. about 关于；D. with 和……一起。分析句子结构可知，空格需与“concerned”搭配。“concerned about”是固定搭配，意为“对……担忧”。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：许多艺术家和作家对这种工业化以及它将对人类与自然的关系产生的影响感到担忧。A. at 在；B. to 向，对于；C. about 关于；D. on 在……上，关于。分析句子结构可知，空格需与“effect”搭配。“effect on”是固定搭配，意为“对……的影响”。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。 句意：我怀着一种几乎为痛苦的焦虑，将生命的工具聚集在身边，想为我脚下那个躺着的无生命之物增添一丝生气。 A. amounted 总计达；B. attained 达到，获得；C. combined 结合；D. engaged 从事。空格动词需与“to”搭配，描述焦虑的程度。结合语意“焦虑几乎达到了痛苦的程度”，“amounted to”有“相当于，达到……程度”的含义，符合句意。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。 句意：我怀着一种几乎为痛苦的焦虑，将生命的工具聚集在身边，想为我脚下那个躺着的无生命之物增添一丝生气。A. lies 撒谎，位于，躺(lie的单三形式)；B. lied 撒谎(lie的过去式)；C. laid 放置(lay的过去式)；D. lay 躺，位于(lie的过去式)。 空格描述无生命之物的状态。根据常识和上下文“I saw the yellow eye”可推测是向下看,看到了黄色的眼睛，所以它应该是“躺”或“位于”在他脚边。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看到那生物的黄色眼睛睁开了。 A. creature 生物；B. cage 笼子；C. civilian 平民；D. comedy 喜剧。空格修饰yellow eye，这眼睛属于弗兰肯斯坦刚刚赋予生命的那个东西。前文称它为“the lifeless thing”，后文称它为“the terrible creature”，A项符合语意。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的四肢比例协调，而且我选择让它有一个好看的外貌。A. features 面貌；B. settings 环境，设置；C. symbols 特征；D. professions 职业。 空格指弗兰肯斯坦为他的创造物选择的“美丽的”部分。根据后文描述（皮肤、头发、牙齿、眼睛、脸、嘴），他是在描述其身体特征。 故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：它那黄色的皮肤几乎遮不住下面的肌肉 。A. universally 普遍地；B. barely 几乎不；C. unrealistically 不现实地；D. artificially 人工地。空格修饰“covered”，描述黄色皮肤覆盖肌肉的程度。后文说皮肤与肌肉形成对比，且整体描述非常恐怖。后文“formed a horrible contrast”表明皮肤的状态不佳（黄色）与下面的肌肉形成可怕对比。B项barely表示皮肤很薄，几乎遮不住肌肉，能解释这种恐怖效果，符合怪物外貌的恐怖描述。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它头发乌黑飘逸；它那珍珠般洁白的牙齿与它那水汪汪的眼睛、满是褶皱的面容和笔直的黑嘴巴形成了可怕的对比。A. shifted 改变的；B. rooted 扎根的；C. eased 放松的；D.wrinkled 有皱纹的。结合语意，这里说怪物的脸满是褶皱，十分吓人，故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。 句意：为了这个目的，我剥夺了自己的休息时间和健康。A. deprived 剥夺；B. behaved 表现；C. decreased 减少；D. tackled 处理，应付。 空格动词需与“myself of rest and health”搭配。结合上文“I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the only purpose of breathing life into an inanimate body”这里说作者为了给无生命的物体注入生命，几乎两年努力工作，推测为此剥夺了自己的休息时间和健康。“deprive oneself of sth”是固定搭配，意为“使自己丧失某物，剥夺自己的某物”，符合句意。故选A项。 Section B（22'） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） At the 4th Street Photo Gallery on the comer of the Bowery, many photos are strung together like clothes on a laundry line. There are portraits of Muhammad Ali and Jean-Michel Basquiat, plus a series of cityscapes detailedly captured over 60 years by Alex Harsley, a neglected but talented New York photographer. The city has been Mr Harsley’s home since 1948, when, aged ten, he moved there from South Carolina. He took his first photograph ten years later, and became the first black photographer to work for the city’s district attorney’s office. His vivid pictures freeze moments in New York’s evolution from the 1950s to the present. “It could start with the smell of something burning.” he says of his method. “And then you see a family sitting on the steps of a funeral home sadly looking at the firemen going through their routine.” Some of the scenes in the collection were captured from the window of his old apartment in Harlem; they include images of black activists, streets submerged in snow and shots of the Crown Heights riots of 1991. A.D. Coleman, a photography critic, says Mr. Harsley has been able to capture the lives of minority groups by making himself “invisible”. His aim has been to assemble these fragments (片段) into an extended history of the city. Mr. Harsley’s gallery is a time capsule. For decades, it is also a hub for the city’s artistic underworld. In the 1970s New York’s photography scene was flourishing, but exclusive. As Mr. Harsley puts it, “a number of great artists were swept aside” because they lacked connections. Helping talent became part of his mission. In 1971 he established The Minority Photographers, an organization that helps up-and-coming artists exhibit their work. He opened his gallery two years later; many photographers have had their first shows there. 36. How does the author describe Alex Harsley in the first paragraph? A. Undervalued but expert. B. Gifted but exclusive. C. Unknown but devoted. D. Gifted but awkward. 37. What does the underlined sentence mean? A. His pictures show freezing weather in New York from the 1950s to the present. B. His pictures capture the cheerful moments in New York since the 1950s. C. His pictures record some historic occasions of New York over the past decades. D. His pictures illustrate the vivid lives of minority groups in New York over the past decades. 38. Why does Mr. Harsley make himself “invisible”? A. To assemble the minority groups of the city. B. To highlight the lives of minority groups. C. To help promising artists attract more public attention. D. To build connections between the minority groups and himself. 39. How did Mr. Harsley help the other artists? A. He excluded those who looked down upon the unknown artists. B. He set an organization displaying their works. C. He established the connections between up-and-coming artists and famous ones. D. He reduced the rents of the gallery where their photography works were shown. 【答案】36. A 37. C 38. A 39. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的主人公是一位被忽视但才华横溢的摄影师Alex Harsley，主要内容为Alex Harsley的个人经历与他的优秀作品，并且他帮助了很多摄影师获得更好更多的机会去展现自己的能力和作品。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“There are portraits of Muhammad Ali and Jean-Michel Basquiat, plus a series of cityscapes detailedly captured over 60 years by Alex Harsley, a neglected but talented New York photographer.(这里有穆罕默德·阿里和让·米歇尔·巴斯奎特的肖像，还有亚历克斯·哈斯利60多年来详细拍摄的一系列城市景观，他是一位被忽视但才华横溢的纽约摄影师)”可知，作者认为Alex Harsley是一位被忽视但才华横溢的摄影师。故选A项。 【37题详解】 句意猜测题。根据画线句子“His vivid pictures freeze moments in New York's evolution from the 1950s to the present.(他生动的照片定格了纽约从20世纪50年代到现在的发展历程)”可知，他的照片记录了纽约近几十年的发展历程。故选C项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“His aim has been to assemble these fragments (片段) into an extended history of the city.(他的目标是将这些碎片拼凑成这座城市的悠久历史)”可推知，Mr. Harsley把自己变得“不显眼”是为了拼凑这个城市一些小的团体，把零碎的事情聚集在一起。故选A项。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As Mr. Harsley puts it, “a number of great artists were swept aside” because they lacked connections. Helping talent became part of his mission. In 1971 he established The Minority Photographers, an organization that helps up-and-coming artists exhibit their work. He opened his gallery two years later; many photographers have had their first shows there.(正如哈斯利所说，“许多伟大的艺术家都被扫地出局了”，因为他们之间缺乏联系。帮助人才成为他使命的一部分。1971年，他成立了“小众摄影家”组织，帮助那些崭露头角的艺术家展示自己的作品。两年后，他开了自己的画廊，许多摄影师都在那里举办了他们的第一次展览）”可知，他通过在崭露头角的艺术家和著名艺术家之间建立联系来帮助其他的摄影师。故选C项。 （B） TROUBLESHOOTING For possible malfunctions as described below, please contact Customer Services at 1-800-2020-123. PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE SOLUTION The coffee is not hot. ·The cups were not preheated. Warm the cups by rinsing them with hot water（N.B. you can use the hot water function）. Coffee does not come out of the spouts. ·The spouts are blocked. Clean the spouts with a toothpick. The coffee does not come out of the spouts, but from around the service e door. ·The holes in the spouts are clogged with dry coffee dust. ·The coffee guide inside the service door is blocked and cannot swing. ·Clean the spouts with a toothpick, sponge or hard bristled kitchen brush. ·Thoroughly clean the coffee guide. particularly near the hinges. The frothed milk has large bubbles. ·The milk is not cold enough or is not semi-skimmed. ·You should ideally use skimmed or semi-skimmed milk at refrigerator temperature （about 5℃）. If the result is not as you wished, try changing brand of milk. The milk is not frothed（起泡）. ·Cappuccino maker is dirty. ·Clean as described in the section “Cleaning the cappuccino maker after use”. Steam delivery stops ·A safety device stops steam delivery after 3 minutes. ·Wait, then activate the steam function again. The appliance does not come on. ·It is not plugged into the mains socket. ·The main switch（A2） is not turned on. ·Plug into the mains socket. ·Place the main switch in the I position. 40. If the appliance doesn't work, which of the following may be the cause? A. It has been used for many years. B. It is not plugged into the socket. C. Its temperature is too high. D. Its spouts are blocked. 41. According to the table which of the following is true? A. If coffee taste bitter, you may add some milk and sugar. B. If coffee is delivered too slowly, you may wait and activate the function again. C. If coffee doesn't come out of spouts, you may check them with a toothpick. D. If milk is not frothed, you may use semi-skimmed milk. 42. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A coffee bean package. B. A cappuccino coffee machine booklet. C. A cappuccino coffee machine advertisement. D. A coffee machine quality report. 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了咖啡机可能出现的故障、故障原因及解决办法。 【40题详解】 细节理解题.根据表格中 “The appliance does not come on.(设备不启动)”对应的“POSSIBLE CAUSE(可能原因)”为“It is not plugged into the mains socket.(未插入电源插座)”以及“The main switch（A2） is not turned on.(主开关（A2）未打开)” 可知，如果设备不工作，原因可能是未插入插座。故选B。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中“Coffee does not come out of the spouts.(咖啡不从喷口流出)”对应的 “SOLUTION(解决办法)” 为 “Clean the spouts with a toothpick.(用牙签清洁喷口)”，所以如果咖啡不从喷口流出，可以用牙签检查清洁喷口。故选C。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。文章围绕咖啡机可能出现的故障、原因及解决办法展开，所以最有可能出自卡布奇诺咖啡机手册。故选B。 （C） That easterners and westerners think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Many psychological studies conducted over the past two decades suggest Westerners have a more individualistic, analytic and abstract mental life than do East Asians. Several hypotheses (假设) have been put forward to explain this. One, that modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first hurdle: Japan, an ultra-modem country whose people have retained a collective outlook. A second, that a higher rate of infectious disease in a place makes contact with strangers more dangerous, and causes groups to turn inward, is hardly better. Europe has had its share of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea. That led Thomas Talheim of the University of Virginia and his colleagues to look into a third suggestion: that the crucial difference is agricultural. The basic West crop is wheat; the East's rice. Before the mechanization of agriculture a farmer who grew rice had to spend twice as many hours doing so as one who grew wheat. To organize labour efficiently, especially at times of planting and harvesting, rice-growing societies as far apart as India, Malaysia and Japan all develop co-operative labour exchanges which let neighbors stagger their farms' schedules in order to assist each other during these crucial periods. Since, until recently almost everyone alive was a farmer, it is a reasonable hypothesis that such a collective outlook would dominate a society's culture and behaviour, and might prove so deep-rooted that even now, when most people earn their living in other ways, it helps to define their lives. Mr. Talheim realized that this idea is testable. Large areas of Asia, particularly in the north, depend not on rice, but on wheat. That, as he explains in a paper in Science, let him and his team put some flesh on this theory's bones. The team gathered almost 1,200 volunteers from all over Asia and asked them questions to assess their individualism or collectivism. The answers bore little relation to the wealth of a volunteer's place of origin. There was a striking correlation, though, with whether it was a rice-growing or a wheat-growing area. This difference was marked even between people from neighbouring counties with different agricultural traditions. Undoubtedly, Talheim's hypothesis has pointed to a direction worth further exploration. Viewing the message from modernized countries such as Japan, Korea and Singapore, which still hold on to collectivism, perhaps we can say: Asian values-with their principles of mutual support and collective action-are only "Asian" because back in ancient times, farmers in many parts of that continent found rice a more suitable crop to grow than wheat. 43. According to the second paragraph, which statement does the author most probably agree with? A. The first hypothesis fails to justify Japan's ever-keeping collectivism as well as the second. B. The exposure to plague outbreaks increases the probability of the Europeans to turn back to individualism. C. Modernized Japan stays close to collectivism as firmly as Europe maintains individualism in the times of plague. D. Neither modernization, as with Europe, nor the once prevailing plague, as with Japan, gives any evidence that promotes individualism. 44. What does the underlined word “stagger” probably mean? A. arrange events so that they do not happen at the same time B. help something to develop more strongly because it's about to collapse C. plan or organize something in advance to make it neat or attractive D. offer something to somebody and receive something in return 45. Mr. Talheim studied the Asian volunteers growing wheat in order to find out . A. whether growing wheat results in more sharing behavior. B. whether growing wheat leads to more prosperous community. C. whether the local crop affects the local economy positively. D. whether the local crop is related to local people's mental life. 46. Which of the following can serve as the best title for this passage? A. A good beginning makes a good ending. B. The grass is greener on the other side. C. As you sow, so you will reap. D. You are what you eat. 【答案】43. C 44. A 45. D 46. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了东方人倾向于集体主义，而西方人倾向于个人主义的几个不同假设，重点议论了这种现象与种植什么农作物有关。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一句话“One, that modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first hurdle: Japan, an ultra-modem country whose people have retained a collective outlook.（其一，现代化促进了个人主义，第一个障碍落在了日本，一个极度现代化国家，但它的人民保持了集体的观点。）”和“A second, that a higher rate of infectious disease in a place makes contact with strangers more dangerous, and causes groups to turn inward, is hardly better. Europe has had its share of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea.（再一个，传染病在一个地方的高发率会使与陌生人的接触更加危险，并导致群体转向内向，这说法也不比第一个好到哪里去。欧洲也遭受过同样的灾难;可能比日本和韩国都要多。）”可知，现代化的日本保持着接近集体主义的坚定态度，就像欧洲在瘟疫时代保持个人主义一样。故选C项。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段句子“To organize labour efficiently, especially at times of planting and harvesting, rice-growing societies as far apart as India, Malaysia and Japan all develop co-operative labour exchanges which let neighbors stagger their farms' schedules in order to assist each other during these crucial periods.（为了有效地组织劳动，特别是在种植和收获的时候，远在印度、马来西亚和日本的水稻种植社都发展了合作劳动交换机制，让邻国错开他们的农场时间表，以便在这些关键时期互相帮助）”可知，印度、马来西亚和日本的水稻种植社通过合作劳动交换机制使彼此的务农日程错开，故可判断“stagger”的意思为安排一些事情使它们不同时发生。故选A项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The answers bore little relation to the wealth of a volunteer's place of origin. There was a striking correlation, though, with whether it was a rice-growing or a wheat-growing area.（这些答案与志愿者的出生地几乎没有关系。然而，这与它是水稻种植区还是小麦种植区有着显著的相关性。）”可知，研究种植小麦的志愿者主要是为了找到人们的集体主义文化是否与种植的农作物有关，即农作物的种植是否与所在地人们的精神生活有关。故选D项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段最后一句“Since, until recently almost everyone alive was a farmer, it is a reasonable hypothesis that such a collective outlook would dominate a society's culture and behaviour, and might prove so deep-rooted that even now, when most people earn their living in other ways, it helps to define their lives.（因为在近代以前几乎每个人都是农民，所以假说认为这种集体观念会支配一个社会的文化和行为是有道理的，而这种观念可能已深深扎根于文化，以至于到今天，尽管大部分人不以农业为主，但这多少还是决定了他们的生活）”可知，文章主要认同人们的文化观念是与他们所在地方种植的农作物有关，例如在种植水稻的地区的人们更偏向于集体主义，他们吃的什么农作物他们就是什么样的，故本文标题为吃什么就是什么。故选D项。 【点睛】阅读理解题的解题方法，首先，宏观浏览，掌握大意。不要困扰在个别词汇的翻译上，偶有生词，走为上计。其次，读懂题干，带着问题再去微观细读。最后，分析句子，慎思明辨。阅读理解题之细节理解解题要注意：1.排除干扰项，突出主题。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关信息，预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将注意力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速浏览，一目十行。发现细节，十目一行，放慢速度，仔细核对比较，直到找到正确答案。例如本文第2题，根据第三段句子“To organize labour efficiently, especially at times of planting and harvesting, rice-growing societies as far apart as India, Malaysia and Japan all develop co-operative labour exchanges which let neighbors stagger their farms' schedules in order to assist each other during these crucial periods.（为了有效地组织劳动，特别是在种植和收获的时候，远在印度、马来西亚和日本的水稻种植社都发展了合作劳动交换机制，让邻国错开他们的农场时间表，以便在这些关键时期互相帮助）”可知，印度、马来西亚和日本的水稻种植社通过合作劳动交换机制使彼此的务农日程错开，故可判断“stagger”的意思为安排一些事情使它们不同时发生。故选A项。 Section C（8'） Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A writer for all time ___47___ At that point, seven years after the playwright’s death, Shakespeare was just one of many respected writers of his era, but in the years that followed the words of that preface proved to be true. His reputation grew and grew and today Shakespeare is widely recognized as the greatest writer in the history of English literature. His plays live on, translated into at least 80 languages and performed all over the globe. Why is it that, 400 years after his death, his work is still rated so highly? Many writers before Shakespeare could write great comedy, or tragedy, or history, but Shakespeare could tell great stories in all these genres and more: from fantastic fairy tale (A Midsummer Night’s Dream) to political play (Richard Ⅲ). ___48___ In fact, he usually took them from traditional stories, history or other writers. In his hands, however, they became powerful tales that went beyond time and culture. Romeo and Juliet is a story of love, hate and teenage rebellion against strict parents. Macbeth shows the dangers of ruthless ambition. Othello deals with insecurity, trust and jealousy. ___49___As well as productions using the original language and settings, there have been imaginative reinterpretations as musicals (Romeo and Juliet / West Side Story), sci-fi films(The Tempest/ Forbidden Planet), high school romantic comedies(welfth Night/ She’s the Man), Bollywood films (Macbeth/ Maqbool), and even children’s cartoons (Hamlet/ The Lion King). While some parts of Shakespeare’s plays are in prose, his greatest speeches are in verse and their language, though old-fashioned, still arouses modern audiences’ feelings. His jokes ensure that the theatre is often filled with laughter, but moments later there might be a most beautiful passage about love or chilling words about death, revenge or jealousy. ___50___ It is thought that he started writing these in 1592 when the disease stopped Londoners from being able to go to the theatre. They include some of the most famous lines about love and beauty in the English. A. He rarely came up with original plots for his plays. B. “He was not of an age, but for all time!” stated the preface of William Shakespeare’s collected plays when they were first published in 1623. C. It’s no surprise that theatre and film directors return again and again to his plays for their material. D. Even individual words were a chance for Shakespeare to show off his creativity. E. They include everyday words, such as generous, apostrophe, hurry, road and amazement. F. As well as at least 37 plays, he is known 30 for 154 short poems called sonnets. 【答案】47. B 48. A 49. C 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了莎士比亚为何在去世 400 年后其作品仍被高度评价。 【47题详解】 根据下文“At that point, seven years after the playwright's death, Shakespeare was just one of many respected writers of his era, but in the years that followed the words of that preface proved to be true. His reputation grew and grew and today Shakespeare is widely recognized as the greatest writer in the history of English literature.(在那时，这位剧作家去世七年后，莎士比亚只是他那个时代众多受尊敬的作家之一，但在随后的岁月里，那篇序言中的话被证明是正确的。他的声誉与日俱增，如今莎士比亚被广泛认为是英国文学史上最伟大的作家)” 可知，此处应提到“序言”，引出后文关于莎士比亚声誉发展的内容。故B选项“1623 年，威廉・莎士比亚的戏剧集首次出版时，其序言中写道：“他不属于一个时代，而属于所有时代！” 符合语境，故选B。 【48题详解】 根据上文“Many writers before Shakespeare could write great comedy, or tragedy, or history, but Shakespeare could tell great stories in all these genres and more: from fantastic fairy tale (A Midsummer Night's Dream) to political play（Richard Ⅲ）(在莎士比亚之前，许多作家能写出伟大的喜剧、悲剧或历史剧，但莎士比亚能在所有这些体裁及更多体裁中讲述精彩故事：从奇幻童话《仲夏夜之梦》到政治剧《理查三世》)” 及下文 “In fact, he usually took them from traditional stories, history or other writers.(事实上，他通常从传统故事、历史或其他作家那里获取这些故事)” 可知，承上启下，说明莎士比亚戏剧情节的来源，引出后文他如何将非原创情节变为精彩故事。故A选项“他很少为他的戏剧想出原创情节” 符合语境，故选A。 【49题详解】 根据下文 “As well as productions using the original language and settings, there have been imaginative reinterpretations as musicals (Romeo and Juliet / West Side Story), sci-fi films(The Tempest/ Forbidden Planet), high school romantic comedies ( welfth Night/ She’s the Man), Bollywood films (Macbeth/ Maqbool), and even children’s cartoons (Hamlet/ The Lion King).(除了使用原始语言和背景的作品外，还有富有想象力的重新演绎，如音乐剧《西区故事》改编自《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、科幻电影《禁忌星球》改编自《暴风雨》、高中浪漫喜剧《足球尤物》改编自《第十二夜》、宝莱坞电影《麦克白》改编自《马克布尔》，甚至还有儿童卡通片《狮子王》改编自《哈姆雷特》)” 可知，莎士比亚的戏剧常被导演选用并改编。故C选项“难怪戏剧和电影导演一次又一次地从他的戏剧中获取素材” 符合语境，故选C。 【50题详解】 根据下文“It is thought that he started writing these in 1592 when the disease stopped Londoners from being able to go to the theatre. They include some of the most famous lines about love and beauty in the English.(人们认为他在 1592 年开始创作这些作品，当时疾病使伦敦人无法去剧院。这些作品包含一些英语中关于爱和美的最著名诗句)”可知，此处应引出他创作的这些诗句作品。F选项“除了至少 37 部戏剧外，他还以 154 首名为十四行诗的短诗而闻名”符合语境，故选F。 Ⅳ. Translation（10'） 51. 很多健康问题是和饮食有关的。（relate）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Many health problems are related to diet. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“很多健康问题”译为Many health problems，在句中作主语，“和……有关”用relate的固定短语be related to，主语为复数，be动词用are，“饮食”译为diet，作介词to的宾语。故翻译为Many health problems are related to diet. 52. 他肯定把他的钥匙落在办公室里了。（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He must have left his keys in the office. 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词表推测。根据汉语句子分析，这里表达对过去发生事情的肯定推测，用“主语+must+have done…”句型结构表达。主语“他”用“he”表达；“把钥匙落（下）”用动词短语“leave his keys”表达”；“在办公室里”用介词短语“in the office”表达。故翻译为：He must have left his keys in the office. 53. 我本不应该浪费我的时间的，我现在感到很后悔。(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I shouldn’t have wasted my time, and now I feel very regretful. 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。表示“我”应用I；表示“本不应该做某事”应用shouldn’t have done；表示“浪费”应用waste；表示“我的时间”应用my time；表示“现在”应用now；表示“感觉”应用feel，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词用原形；表示“很后悔”应用very regretful，此处为并列的两句话，应用连词and连接。故翻译成：I shouldn’t have wasted my time, and now I feel very regretful. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$