精品解析：北京市东直门中学2024-2025学年下学期高一6月月考英语试题

北京市东直门中学2024—2025学年度第二学期阶段考试 高一英语 考试时间：90分钟 总分100分 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I grasped a sandwich as I tried to finish my work during lunch. My company, like many companies, had____1____ costs by not replacing people as they left. The survivors had to take up the work. For me and my co-workers, this meant no lunch hour. I wanted to quit, but given the economy, it was hard to find another job. I felt ____2____. Then a conversation with a six-year-old girl changed my ____3____. The young girl was standing in line with her mom at the supermarket. “Good day at school?” I asked. A nod. “What’s your favorite subject?” “Lunch.” I smiled. That had been my____4____ too. At lunch, I could talk with my friends, draw pictures or play games. There were no adults to tell me what to do. The time was mine. But what happened to lunch time now? I knew I was entitled to a lunch break at work. So I decided to ____5____ it. Our office was located in the downtown and I set out to____6____ the area. A few blocks away was an art museum with free admission. At the end of another street, I was surprised to discover some horses eating grass in a field. At the beginning of my tours during lunch, I received some ____7____ stares from my co-workers, but I chose to ignore them. In fact, I watched in amazement that some of them started to____8____ their work during lunch. ____9____, we started inviting each other out for walks and discovered we had other topics of conversation beyond the common complaints about work. I’m still looking for a new position, but with less anxiety than before. If we can’t change our ____10____, we can change our attitude. 1. A. counted B. cut C. paid D. raised 2. A. trapped B. fearful C. shocked D. hurt 3. A. work B. way C. view D. plan 4. A. decision B. explanation C. secret D. answer 5. A. take B. make C. find D. stop 6. A. explore B. measure C. develop D. identify 7. A. innocent B. determined C. sympathetic D. unpleasant 8. A. carry on B. take over C. put aside D. go through 9. A. Generally B. Gradually C. Accidentally D. Obviously 10. A. strategies B. circumstances C. responsibilities D. principles 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My hotel is near downtown, in the Mission District, one of ____11____ (old) parts of the city. Many of the people living here are from Mexico or Central America. This district used to be a poor area of town, but is now a centre for art, music, and food. In fact, an art movement called the “Mission School” ____12____ (start) here. It’s influenced by graffiti art and comic art. I walked around looking at the street art ____13____ a few hours. It was quite modern and ____14____ (live). Afterwards, I ate some delicious Mexican-Chinese noodles from a food truck. A real mix of cultures here! B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 China’s modern science and technology museum system ____15____ (attract) over one billion offline visits since 2012, ____16____ (play) a unique role in promoting science popularization and improving scientific literacy in the country. The system will continue to provide scientific education and popularization to the public, especially to key groups such as ____17____ (teenager). C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 According to some food experts, it is hardest to give up the food you grow up with. Of course, each person’s comfort food largely depends on the place ____18____ they come — for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar, and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips, ____19____ (serve) hot, salty and sour. One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, ____20____ (give) us the “taste of home” and relieving feelings of homesickness. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Are you looking for teen volunteer opportunities for 2024 that provide a rewarding experience that will stay with you for life? Every year thousands of teens choose to volunteer abroad with International Volunteer HQ(IVHQ)-the world’s most trusted provider of safe and affordable volunteer programs for teens. Service trips for teens are available in more than 50 destinations and there are 17 teen volunteer programs for 16 to 18 year-olds. Some of the best programs in 2024 include Turtle Conservation in Bali, Animal Care in Costa Rica and Childcare in Tanzania. Or, if you’re wanting to volunteer with a group of students from your high school, IVHQ can tailor a program for your group too! Benefits for volunteers: There is no doubt that volunteering as a teenager is a meaningful way to broaden your education and add experiences that will stand out on your college application. Crossing boundaries to work with partners from different parts of the world fosters global understanding. Living in a country different to your own means that you will be involved in a new culture, cuisine, and way of thinking. Guaranteed support: Chances are your parents will also want to learn more about IVHQ, whether or not they will go abroad with you. Having placed more than 130, 000 volunteers abroad, we’re always happy to speak with parents to ensure all their questions are fielded. Through our online safety training, comprehensive information brochures, on-going support from experienced program managers and round-the-clock support from our local teams, IVHQ volunteers are well supported to make the most of the time abroad. If you’re ready to pack your bags and experience a completely different lifestyle and widen your global perspective, please contact us. IVHQ will be more than happy to offer a service. 21. What can IVHQ provide for a high school group? A. Rewards for volunteering. B. A free service trip. C. An opportunity to study abroad. D. A specialized program. 22. What does IVHQ promise to volunteers? A. Local teams’ assistance. B. Partners’ support. C. College recommendation letters. D. Parents’ company 23. The main purpose of the passage is to_____. A. advocate volunteering B. introduce requirements C. advertise a service D. suggest a lifestyle B Takanori Kobayashi, a 23-year-old from Japan, has had a strong connection with Peking Opera since his childhood. His fascination with Chinese history began in his early childhood, influenced by Japanese manga (漫画), especially works like Romance of the Three Kingdoms. These stories made him curious about Chinese culture and led him to search for related videos online. At 14, Kobayashi came across a video of a historical Peking Opera, The Battle of Red Cliffs. Although he didn’t understand the language, he was captivated by the costumes, makeup, and music. At 17, he found a website for the Shincyo Theater, a Peking Opera troupe (巡演) in Tokyo founded by Zhang Chunxiang, a Beijing-born artist, who had moved to Japan in the 1980s and founded the Shincyo Theater to promote Peking Opera in Japan. Kobayashi emailed the theater, sharing with Zhang his passion for Peking Opera, and his desire to join the troupe. Zhang was impressed by his passion. At 18, Kobayashi moved to Tokyo to attend Chuo University, majoring in Chinese language and culture, while attending Zhang’ s Peking Opera classes every Saturday. Zhang teaches his students by explaining the movements of Peking Opera in simple Japanese. Kobayashi, who enjoys playing civil roles, listens to famous performances to learn the music and get a sense of the roles. He works with Zhang to improve his performance. Years of hard work paid off. In 2020, Kobayashi finally got the chance and debuted in a small painted-face role in Wild Boar Forest, one of Shincyo Theater’s productions, which got well-received. After graduation, Kobayashi worked for a company in cosmetics, but he still studies Peking Opera in his free time and occasionally performs with Shincyo Theater. “Becoming a professional Peking Opera performer in Japan is difficult and might not be practical as a long-term career. In China, performers usually start training at four or five, whereas I began close to 20. Even so, I’d still like to pursue it professionally and give it my best shot,” said Kobayashi. 24. What sparked Kobayashi’s initial interest in Chinese history and culture? A. School lessons related to China. B. A visit to the Shincyo Theater. C. Chinese tales told in Japanese comic. D. A video of a historical Peking Opera. 25. Which of the following words can best describe Kobayashi? A. Optimistic and considerate. B. Persistent and diligent. C. Energetic and determined. D. Creative and passionate. 26. What does the underlined word “debuted” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Played a leading role. B. Painted a facial makeup. C. Performed for the first time. D. Conquered the stage fright. 27. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. He has to quit owing to starting late. B. He will keep informed and practise occasionally. C. He is willing to give it a shot despite the difficulties. D. He tries to be a professional Peking Opera performer. C The human brain is sensitive to shortage. The sense of not having enough of what we need makes it harder for us to focus and plan. In recent work, however, we found that people react to water shortage very differently than they do to other shortages. As a species that is heavily dependent on water, we seem to be wired to plan for it. The loss of water prompts a general mindset of thrift and long-term thinking. This discovery could have important implications for humankind's response to climate change. We explored people’s thinking about water in several ways. In one experiment, we brought 2k1 college students to the lab and asked some of them to read an article we provided. Some received an article that was desperate in tone. It detailed predictions of the worst “water shortage in 1, 200 years. ” Others read a more positive article that described how climate change means more rain and therefore enough water. The rest of the students completed the study without reading an article. We then asked the students how important it was to save resources and think about the long terra. In a survey, participants who read about a serious shortage agreed more with statements such as “People should live for the future. ” In contrast, people who read about a future water surplus were pushed in the opposite direction. Compared with those who had answered the questions without reading about climate change at all, they were more likely to support living for the present and careless about saving money and other resources. In the follow-up study, we looked for places where communities have experienced real water shortage for generations. We found two geographically close cities in Iran -Shiraz and Yazd — that have similar economies and the same majority religion, and language but sharply different amounts of water. Shiraz receives enough rainfall to support vineyards that produce its world-famous wine. Nearby Yazd is bone-dry. We gave psychological tests to 331 people in Shiraz and Yazd to measure how much individuals prioritize the future. Sure enough, people in Yazd thought that planning for the future was more important than these in Shiraz did. Across studies, our findings suggest that water has a meaningful place in our thinking — one that is distinct from other important resources, including wealth. There is evidence of evolutionary wiring for water in our sense of smell. Humans are better at detecting the scent of fresh rainfall than sharks are at detecting blood. That sensitivity might be crucial going forward. Climate change is making droughts more common. Our work suggests that as many places dry up, global warming could reshape how people think pushing entire communities toward more cautious future-oriented behavior. That may offer a sliver of hope in the middle of the threat of climate change. 28. What was the purpose of the experiment conducted with college students in the lab? A. To analyze their reaction to climate change predictions. B. To measure their current levels of resource conservation. C. To observe their psychological response to water scarcity articles. D. To compare their views on long-term planning with those who didn’t read about climate change. 29. What’s the possible reason that the researchers chose Shiraz and Yazd as the subjects of their study? A. They are neighboring cities with similar demographics but contrasting water availability. B. They have been historically significant in water management practices. C. They are famous for their cultural significance in relation to water conservation. D. They have different climates, making them ideal for studying environmental adaptation. 30. Why does the author compare humans with sharks in paragraph 6? A. To highlight the similarities between human and shark behavior in response to resource scarcity. B. To support the argument that humans’ sensitivity to water scarcity is rooted in evolutionary factors. C. To emphasize humans’ superior ability to detect water-related signals compared to other species. D. To illustrate the evolutionary differences in sensitivity to environmental cues between humans and sharks. 31. According to the article, what’s the significance of the study? A. It shows that people’s awareness of climate change can be prompted. B. It suggests that water shortage may urge humans to live in the moment. C. It confirms that people react similarly to all types of resource shortages. D. It highlights the importance of immediate actions to address water shortage. D Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong. Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways. 32. What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit’s moral code? A. Living conditions were the drive. B. Unwritten rules were the target. C. Social tradition was the basis. D. Honesty was the key. 33. What can we learn from this passage? A. Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies. B. Basic human needs lead to universal norms. C. Language capacity is limited by self-control. D. Written laws have great influence on virtues. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B. The Values of Self-discipline C. Brains: Walls Against Chaos D. The Roots of Morality 第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sometimes in our life we face this problem: loved ones as well as strangers annoying us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings, and family members on the computer all the time. ___35___ Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever. ___36___ If we take kindness as a skill, making it a daily practice, it will come easier over time. ___37___ Loving Kindness Meditation (默想) (LKM), which dates back to the time of its roots to early Buddhism, helps us find sympathy for one another even during trying times. The meditation asks us to send thoughts of loving kindness to loved ones, then to acquaintances (people you don’t know very well) and finally to challenging people. Over time, our unkind thoughts are replaced with more open, accepting ones. Anger is replaced by love, or at least kindness. Donald Altman, a psychotherapist from Portland, Oregon, says LKM helps us recognize we are all weak and have been hurt. ___38___ So how? To begin with, Altman suggests finding a quiet place to sit. He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words, “May you be well, happy and at peace.” After a few minutes, direct the words at yourself, “May I be well, happy and at peace.” ___39___ Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. End the meditation by spreading the blessing to all living beings. Indeed, we should find our own way toward LKM — but only if we are prepared to access its benefits and extend them to anyone who may need them. A. The good news is that it isn’t lost. B. Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance. C. At work, we’ve had to face the added pressure these demanding jobs create. D. Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness. E. For that reason, we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing. F. You can combine the words with breathing, repeating a phrase of love for yourself. G. Outside, we’ve encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway. 第三部分 框词填空(共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) Group 1 请用方框中的单词或短语完成句子。注意有两个多余选项。 earn a living minority illustrate otherwise head to carry on desire 40. Millions of people ______ their hometown to celebrate the Spring Festival each year. 41. You can’t expect to ______ as a painter. 42. With a strong ______ to help other people, he volunteers in a nursing home every weekend. 43. Only a small ______ of the students take part in the competition in our school. 44. I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, ______ I wouldn’t have kept you waiting for such a long time. Group 2 请用方框中单词或短语的正确形式完成句子。注意有两个多余选项。 definite in despair rejection occur seek one’s fortune response claim 45. Many young people leave their hometown ____________ in the big city. 46. And what a city — a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that ____________ in 1906. 47. The team will ____________ lose if he doesn’t play. 48. I asked him his name, but he didn’t ____________. 49. I’ve been ____________ by all the universities I applied to. 第四部分 阅读表达(共4小题;第50、51、小题各2分，第52小题3分，第53小题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Over the years I have been fascinated to read about studies into the power of touch. One famous study examined videos of how people responded to those near them who had been the victim of a bad fortune. Researchers looked at their interaction with the victim, and compared this with behaviour in non-human primates (灵长类动物). It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way. It makes sense for me that offering hugs to calm victims may be an instinct that we got from primate ancestors. Another study found that when the husband or wife of a patient in sorrow or discomfort reaches out and holds their hand and, as if by magic, they become settled and less sorrowful. Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, as we have known for many years about the importance of touch. It symbolizes safety and love, and this is actually one of the most important aspects for development as a child. Is it any wonder that, when we are upset and distressed as adults, we seek out the same things? Whether young or old, humans are wired to be touched. Nevertheless, many people today suffer from “touch hunger”, which typically occurs when a person experiences little touch or contact for a long time. It serves as a warning that the sense of security and care that comes with the contact of touch is missing. Thus, their well-being can suffer. It is associated with greater stress, anxiety and loneliness, and lower-quality sleep. Actually, even the briefest touch from us can bring strong emotional experiences to the receivers who suffer from “touch hunger”. A warm handshake, a gentle pat on the shoulder, or a high-five is often enough to convey love and care. Be a giver! 50. What did the first study find about touch? ____________________________________________________________ 51. Why is touch important? ____________________________________________________________ 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Touch has the great power to give people who suffer from “touch hunger“ strong emotional experiences, but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care. ____________________________________________________________ 53. Apart from touch, what other way(s) do you often use to express your love and care in your life?(In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市东直门中学2024—2025学年度第二学期阶段考试 高一英语 考试时间：90分钟 总分100分 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I grasped a sandwich as I tried to finish my work during lunch. My company, like many companies, had____1____ costs by not replacing people as they left. The survivors had to take up the work. For me and my co-workers, this meant no lunch hour. I wanted to quit, but given the economy, it was hard to find another job. I felt ____2____. Then a conversation with a six-year-old girl changed my ____3____. The young girl was standing in line with her mom at the supermarket. “Good day at school?” I asked. A nod. “What’s your favorite subject?” “Lunch.” I smiled. That had been my____4____ too. At lunch, I could talk with my friends, draw pictures or play games. There were no adults to tell me what to do. The time was mine. But what happened to lunch time now? I knew I was entitled to a lunch break at work. So I decided to ____5____ it. Our office was located in the downtown and I set out to____6____ the area. A few blocks away was an art museum with free admission. At the end of another street, I was surprised to discover some horses eating grass in a field. At the beginning of my tours during lunch, I received some ____7____ stares from my co-workers, but I chose to ignore them. In fact, I watched in amazement that some of them started to____8____ their work during lunch. ____9____, we started inviting each other out for walks and discovered we had other topics of conversation beyond the common complaints about work. I’m still looking for a new position, but with less anxiety than before. If we can’t change our ____10____, we can change our attitude. 1. A. counted B. cut C. paid D. raised 2. A. trapped B. fearful C. shocked D. hurt 3. A. work B. way C. view D. plan 4. A. decision B. explanation C. secret D. answer 5. A. take B. make C. find D. stop 6. A. explore B. measure C. develop D. identify 7. A. innocent B. determined C. sympathetic D. unpleasant 8. A. carry on B. take over C. put aside D. go through 9. A. Generally B. Gradually C. Accidentally D. Obviously 10. A. strategies B. circumstances C. responsibilities D. principles 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者疲于工作，边午饭边工作，又想辞职，但是考虑到经济情况，很难找到工作。后来和一个女孩的谈话改变了看法，认为午饭时间就应该是自己的时间。逐渐调整了心态：不能改变环境，但可以改变对待生活的态度。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：和许多公司一样，我的公司为了削减成本，没有在员工离职时补人。A. counted数数；B. cut削减；C. paid支付；D. raised筹集。根据本句中“by not replacing people as they left”可知，此举是为了削减成本。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查动形容词义辨析。句意：我感觉被困住了。A. trapped受困的；B. fearful害怕的；C. shocked震惊的；D. hurt受伤的。根据前文“I wanted to quit, but given the economy, it was hard to find another job.”可知，作者想辞职，但是考虑到经济情况，很难找到工作，这是进退两难的困境。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来和一个六岁女孩的谈话改变了我的看法。A. work工作；B. way方法；C. view观点；D. plan计划。根据后文“If we can’t change our 　　　　, we can change our attitude.”可知，作者的观点发生了变化：不能改变环境，但可以改变对待生活的态度。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也是我的回答。A. decision决定；B. explanation解释；C. secret秘密；D. answer回答。根据前文“I grasped a sandwich as I tried to finish my work during lunch.”和““What’s your favorite subject?”“Lunch.””以及后文“At lunch, I could talk with my friends, draw pictures or play games. There were no adults to tell me what to do. The time was mine.”可知，作者因为工作陷入困境，不得不边午饭边工作，小女孩的回答解决了他的困扰，同时是也作者的内心所想，认为午饭时间就应该是自己的时间。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我决定接受它。A. take接受；B. make制作；C. find找到；D. stop停止。根据前文“I knew I was entitled to a lunch break at work.”以及前后的因果关系可知，作者知道自己有权在工作时间享用午餐，作者准备接受并享用这项权利。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的办公室位于市中心，我开始探索这个地区。A. explore探索；B. measure衡量；C. develop发展；D. identify确认。根据后文“A few blocks away was an art museum with free admission. At the end of another street, I was surprised to discover some horses eating grass in a field.”可知，作者在这个区域探索发现了自己之前未曾注意的生活。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在午餐时间开始观光时，同事们对我投来了一些不愉快的目光，但我选择忽略它们。A. innocent无辜的；B. determined下定决心的；C. sympathetic同情的；D. unpleasant令人不愉快的。根据本句中“but I chose to ignore them”可知，前后为转折关系，同事们对作者投来了一些不愉快的目光，但是作者选择忽视。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实上，我惊讶地看到他们中的一些人开始在午餐时间把工作放在一边。A. carry on继续；B. take over接管；C. put aside把……放在一边；D. go through经历。根据后文“we started inviting each other out for walks and discovered we had other topics of conversation beyond the common complaints about work.”作者和同事出去散步，除了对工作的常见抱怨，我们还有其他话题可以聊，可以推知，作者发现同事中的一些人开始在午餐时间把工作放在一边。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我们开始邀请对方出去散步，并发现除了对工作的常见抱怨之外，我们还有其他话题可以聊。A. Generally笼统地；B. Gradually逐渐地；C. Accidentally偶然地；D. Obviously明显地。根据前文“In fact, I watched in amazement that some of them started to　　　　 their work during lunch.”以及后文“we started inviting each other out for walks and discovered we had other topics of conversation beyond the common complaints about work”可知，作者和同事们一开始在午餐时间把工作放在一边，然后开始邀请对方出去散步，聊天。前后为时间上的递进关系。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不能改变环境，我们可以改变我们的态度。A. strategies策略；B. circumstances环境；C. responsibilities责任；D. principles原则。根据前文“I wanted to quit, but given the economy, it was hard to find another job. I felt 　　　.”和“Our office was located in the downtown and I set out to　　　　　 the area.”可知，作者想辞职，但是考虑到经济情况，很难找到工作，但是作者通过探索生活，午饭时间休息不工作，逐渐调整自己的心态：不能改变环境，我们可以改变态度。故选B。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My hotel is near downtown, in the Mission District, one of ____11____ (old) parts of the city. Many of the people living here are from Mexico or Central America. This district used to be a poor area of town, but is now a centre for art, music, and food. In fact, an art movement called the “Mission School” ____12____ (start) here. It’s influenced by graffiti art and comic art. I walked around looking at the street art ____13____ a few hours. It was quite modern and ____14____ (live). Afterwards, I ate some delicious Mexican-Chinese noodles from a food truck. A real mix of cultures here! 【答案】11. the oldest 12. started 13. for 14. lively 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者酒店所在的旧金山教会区，包括其历史变迁、文化特色及作者的体验。 【11题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：我住的酒店在市中心附近，在教会区，它是这座城市最古老的区域之一。“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”表示“最…… 之一”，old的最高级是 oldest，故填the oldest。 【12题详解】 考查时态。句意：事实上，一场名为“教会学校”的艺术运动就是从这里开始的。根据语境，空格处是谓语动词，这里说的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，start的过去式是started，故填started。 【13题详解】 考查介词。句意：我四处走走，看了几个小时的街头艺术。“for + 一段时间”表示动作持续的时间，for a few hours表示“几个小时”，故填for。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它非常现代且充满活力。这里与“modern”并列，作表语，用形容词，live的形容词形式lively表示 “充满活力的”，符合语境，故填lively。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 China’s modern science and technology museum system ____15____ (attract) over one billion offline visits since 2012, ____16____ (play) a unique role in promoting science popularization and improving scientific literacy in the country. The system will continue to provide scientific education and popularization to the public, especially to key groups such as ____17____ (teenager). 【答案】15. has attracted 16. playing 17. teenagers 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了中国现代科技馆系统在促进全国科普和提高科学素养方面发挥了独特的作用。 【15题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：自2012年以来，中国现代科技馆系统吸引了超过10亿人次的线下参观，在促进全国科普和提高科学素养方面发挥了独特的作用。空处缺少句子的谓语，根据since 2012可知，句子为现在完成时，主语system为单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has attracted。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处用非谓语动词，根据句意可知，空格前的内容与play构成逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填playing。 【17题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：该系统将继续为公众，特别是青少年等重点群体提供科学教育和普及。such as后面缺少名词，此处表示“青少年”，用名词复数形式表示泛指。故填teenagers。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 According to some food experts, it is hardest to give up the food you grow up with. Of course, each person’s comfort food largely depends on the place ____18____ they come — for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar, and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips, ____19____ (serve) hot, salty and sour. One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, ____20____ (give) us the “taste of home” and relieving feelings of homesickness. 【答案】18. where 19. served 20. giving 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。根据一些食品专家的说法，放弃伴随你长大的食物是最难的。每个人的舒适食物在很大程度上取决于他们来的地方，一口安慰的食物带我们回到我们的文化根源，给我们“家的味道”，缓解乡愁。 【18题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：当然，每个人的舒适食物在很大程度上取决于他们来的地方——对中国人来说，可能是一盘饺子和一碟醋，而对英国人来说，可能是经典的炸鱼薯条，热热的、咸咸的、酸酸的被端上来。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰the place，从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故填where。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，serve用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语the classic fish and chips是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填served。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一口安慰的食物带我们回到我们的文化根源，给我们“家的味道”，缓解乡愁。分析句子可知，give用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语One mouthful of comfort food是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填giving。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Are you looking for teen volunteer opportunities for 2024 that provide a rewarding experience that will stay with you for life? Every year thousands of teens choose to volunteer abroad with International Volunteer HQ(IVHQ)-the world’s most trusted provider of safe and affordable volunteer programs for teens. Service trips for teens are available in more than 50 destinations and there are 17 teen volunteer programs for 16 to 18 year-olds. Some of the best programs in 2024 include Turtle Conservation in Bali, Animal Care in Costa Rica and Childcare in Tanzania. Or, if you’re wanting to volunteer with a group of students from your high school, IVHQ can tailor a program for your group too! Benefits for volunteers: There is no doubt that volunteering as a teenager is a meaningful way to broaden your education and add experiences that will stand out on your college application. Crossing boundaries to work with partners from different parts of the world fosters global understanding. Living in a country different to your own means that you will be involved in a new culture, cuisine, and way of thinking. Guaranteed support: Chances are your parents will also want to learn more about IVHQ, whether or not they will go abroad with you. Having placed more than 130, 000 volunteers abroad, we’re always happy to speak with parents to ensure all their questions are fielded. Through our online safety training, comprehensive information brochures, on-going support from experienced program managers and round-the-clock support from our local teams, IVHQ volunteers are well supported to make the most of the time abroad. If you’re ready to pack your bags and experience a completely different lifestyle and widen your global perspective, please contact us. IVHQ will be more than happy to offer a service. 21. What can IVHQ provide for a high school group? A. Rewards for volunteering. B. A free service trip. C. An opportunity to study abroad. D. A specialized program. 22. What does IVHQ promise to volunteers? A. Local teams’ assistance. B. Partners’ support. C. College recommendation letters. D. Parents’ company 23. The main purpose of the passage is to_____. A. advocate volunteering B. introduce requirements C. advertise a service D. suggest a lifestyle 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是International Volunteer HQ为志愿者提供的服务的广告。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Or, if you’re wanting to volunteer with a group of students from your high school, IVHQ can tailor a program for your group too!(或者，如果你想和你高中的一群学生一起做志愿者，IVHQ也可以为你的小组量身定制一个项目！)”可知，IVHQ能为高中团体提供一个专门的项目。故选D。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Guaranteed support:部分的“Through our online safety training, comprehensive information brochures, on-going support from experienced program managers and round-the-clock support from our local teams, IVHQ volunteers are well supported to make the most of the time abroad.(通过我们的在线安全培训、全面的信息手册、经验丰富的项目经理的持续支持以及当地团队的24小时支持，IVHQ志愿者可以充分利用国外的时间。)”可知，IVHQ对志愿者的承诺是当地团队的协助。故选A。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“If you’re ready to pack your bags and experience a completely different lifestyle and widen your global perspective, please contact us. IVHQ will be more than happy to offer a service.(如果您准备好打包行李，体验完全不同的生活方式，拓宽您的全球视野，请与我们联系。IVHQ将非常乐意为您提供服务。)”可知，本文是International Volunteer HQ为志愿者提供的服务的广告，因此目的是为一种服务做广告。故选C。 B Takanori Kobayashi, a 23-year-old from Japan, has had a strong connection with Peking Opera since his childhood. His fascination with Chinese history began in his early childhood, influenced by Japanese manga (漫画), especially works like Romance of the Three Kingdoms. These stories made him curious about Chinese culture and led him to search for related videos online. At 14, Kobayashi came across a video of a historical Peking Opera, The Battle of Red Cliffs. Although he didn’t understand the language, he was captivated by the costumes, makeup, and music. At 17, he found a website for the Shincyo Theater, a Peking Opera troupe (巡演) in Tokyo founded by Zhang Chunxiang, a Beijing-born artist, who had moved to Japan in the 1980s and founded the Shincyo Theater to promote Peking Opera in Japan. Kobayashi emailed the theater, sharing with Zhang his passion for Peking Opera, and his desire to join the troupe. Zhang was impressed by his passion. At 18, Kobayashi moved to Tokyo to attend Chuo University, majoring in Chinese language and culture, while attending Zhang’ s Peking Opera classes every Saturday. Zhang teaches his students by explaining the movements of Peking Opera in simple Japanese. Kobayashi, who enjoys playing civil roles, listens to famous performances to learn the music and get a sense of the roles. He works with Zhang to improve his performance. Years of hard work paid off. In 2020, Kobayashi finally got the chance and debuted in a small painted-face role in Wild Boar Forest, one of Shincyo Theater’s productions, which got well-received. After graduation, Kobayashi worked for a company in cosmetics, but he still studies Peking Opera in his free time and occasionally performs with Shincyo Theater. “Becoming a professional Peking Opera performer in Japan is difficult and might not be practical as a long-term career. In China, performers usually start training at four or five, whereas I began close to 20. Even so, I’d still like to pursue it professionally and give it my best shot,” said Kobayashi. 24. What sparked Kobayashi’s initial interest in Chinese history and culture? A. School lessons related to China. B. A visit to the Shincyo Theater. C. Chinese tales told in Japanese comic. D. A video of a historical Peking Opera. 25. Which of the following words can best describe Kobayashi? A. Optimistic and considerate. B. Persistent and diligent. C. Energetic and determined. D. Creative and passionate. 26. What does the underlined word “debuted” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Played a leading role. B. Painted a facial makeup. C. Performed for the first time. D. Conquered the stage fright. 27. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. He has to quit owing to starting late. B. He will keep informed and practise occasionally. C. He is willing to give it a shot despite the difficulties. D. He tries to be a professional Peking Opera performer. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. C 27. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述日本青年小林崇德Takanori Kobayashi崇德热爱京剧，克服困难坚持学习并追求专业表演的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“His fascination with Chinese history began in his early childhood, influenced by Japanese manga (漫画), especially works like Romance of the Three Kingdoms. (他对中国历史的迷恋始于童年，受到日本漫画的影响，尤其是《三国演义》等作品。)”可知，用日本漫画讲述的中国故事激发了小林最初对中国历史和文化的兴趣。故选C。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“At 18, Kobayashi moved to Tokyo to attend Chuo University, majoring in Chinese language and culture, while attending Zhang’ s Peking Opera classes every Saturday. (18岁时，小林搬到东京中央大学就读，主修中国语言和文化，同时每周六参加张的京剧课。)”和第四段中“Years of hard work paid off.(多年的辛勤工作得到了回报)”可知，小林自18岁时开始主修中国语言和文化，并每周六参加张的京剧课，并坚持了很多年，这体现了他坚持不懈，勤奋的性格特指。故选B。 【26题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第四段“Kobayashi finally got the chance (小林终于得到了机会)”及“in a small painted-face role in Wild Boar Forest, one of Shincyo Theater’s productions, which got well-received. (在新桥剧团的作品《野猪森林》中扮演了一个画着脸的小角色，受到了好评。)”可知，小林终于得到机会，扮演了其中一个角色，由此推断，划线单词的含义是“第一次演出，首演”。故选C。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In China, performers usually start training at four or five, whereas I began close to 20. Even so, I’d still like to pursue it professionally and give it my best shot,” said Kobayashi. (在中国，演员通常在四五岁开始训练，而我是在20岁左右开始训练的。即便如此，我仍然想以职业的方式追求它，尽我最大的努力。)”可知，虽然小林开始学京剧的时间较晚，但尽管困难重重，他仍然愿意再次尝试。故选C。 C The human brain is sensitive to shortage. The sense of not having enough of what we need makes it harder for us to focus and plan. In recent work, however, we found that people react to water shortage very differently than they do to other shortages. As a species that is heavily dependent on water, we seem to be wired to plan for it. The loss of water prompts a general mindset of thrift and long-term thinking. This discovery could have important implications for humankind's response to climate change. We explored people’s thinking about water in several ways. In one experiment, we brought 2k1 college students to the lab and asked some of them to read an article we provided. Some received an article that was desperate in tone. It detailed predictions of the worst “water shortage in 1, 200 years. ” Others read a more positive article that described how climate change means more rain and therefore enough water. The rest of the students completed the study without reading an article. We then asked the students how important it was to save resources and think about the long terra. In a survey, participants who read about a serious shortage agreed more with statements such as “People should live for the future. ” In contrast, people who read about a future water surplus were pushed in the opposite direction. Compared with those who had answered the questions without reading about climate change at all, they were more likely to support living for the present and careless about saving money and other resources. In the follow-up study, we looked for places where communities have experienced real water shortage for generations. We found two geographically close cities in Iran -Shiraz and Yazd — that have similar economies and the same majority religion, and language but sharply different amounts of water. Shiraz receives enough rainfall to support vineyards that produce its world-famous wine. Nearby Yazd is bone-dry. We gave psychological tests to 331 people in Shiraz and Yazd to measure how much individuals prioritize the future. Sure enough, people in Yazd thought that planning for the future was more important than these in Shiraz did. Across studies, our findings suggest that water has a meaningful place in our thinking — one that is distinct from other important resources, including wealth. There is evidence of evolutionary wiring for water in our sense of smell. Humans are better at detecting the scent of fresh rainfall than sharks are at detecting blood. That sensitivity might be crucial going forward. Climate change is making droughts more common. Our work suggests that as many places dry up, global warming could reshape how people think pushing entire communities toward more cautious future-oriented behavior. That may offer a sliver of hope in the middle of the threat of climate change. 28. What was the purpose of the experiment conducted with college students in the lab? A. To analyze their reaction to climate change predictions. B. To measure their current levels of resource conservation. C. To observe their psychological response to water scarcity articles. D. To compare their views on long-term planning with those who didn’t read about climate change. 29. What’s the possible reason that the researchers chose Shiraz and Yazd as the subjects of their study? A. They are neighboring cities with similar demographics but contrasting water availability. B. They have been historically significant in water management practices. C. They are famous for their cultural significance in relation to water conservation. D. They have different climates, making them ideal for studying environmental adaptation. 30. Why does the author compare humans with sharks in paragraph 6? A. To highlight the similarities between human and shark behavior in response to resource scarcity. B. To support the argument that humans’ sensitivity to water scarcity is rooted in evolutionary factors. C. To emphasize humans’ superior ability to detect water-related signals compared to other species. D. To illustrate the evolutionary differences in sensitivity to environmental cues between humans and sharks. 31. According to the article, what’s the significance of the study? A. It shows that people’s awareness of climate change can be prompted. B. It suggests that water shortage may urge humans to live in the moment. C. It confirms that people react similarly to all types of resource shortages. D. It highlights the importance of immediate actions to address water shortage. 【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，研究表明，仅仅意识到水资源短缺就会影响人们的思维和行动，让人们更倾向于长远规划和减少浪费。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In recent work, however, we found that people react to water shortage very differently than they do to other shortages.(然而，在最近的工作中，我们发现人们对水资源短缺的反应与对其他短缺的反应非常不同)”和第三段中“We explored people’s thinking about water in several ways. In one experiment, we brought 211 college students to the lab and asked some of them to read an article we provided.(我们从几个方面探讨了人们对水的看法。在一个实验中，我们把211名大学生带到实验室，让其中一些人阅读我们提供的一篇文章)”可知，在实验室里与大学生进行实验的目的是观察他们对水资源短缺的文章的心理反应，故选C。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“We found two geographically close cities in Iran — Shiraz and Yazd — that have similar economies and the same majority religion, and language but sharply different amounts of water.(我们在伊朗发现了两个地理位置相近的城市——Shiraz和Yazd——它们有着相似的经济、相同的宗教信仰和语言，但水量却大不相同)”可知，研究人员选择Shiraz和Yazd研究是因为它们是相邻的城市，人口结构相似，但水资源供应却截然不同，故选A。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“Across studies, our findings suggest that water has a meaningful place in our thinking — one that is distinct from other important resources, including wealth. There is evidence of evolutionary wiring for water in our sense of smell. Humans are better at detecting the scent of fresh rainfall than sharks are at detecting blood.(通过研究，我们的发现表明，水在我们的思维中有着重要的地位——它与其他重要资源（包括财富）截然不同。有证据表明，在进化过程中，我们的嗅觉与水有关。人类比鲨鱼更善于察觉新鲜降雨的气味)”可知，前两句提到人类对水资源短缺的敏感性源于进化因素，最后一句提到将人类和鲨鱼相比是为了支持上述观点，故选B。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Our work suggests that as many places dry up, global warming could reshape how people think pushing entire communities toward more cautious future-oriented behavior.(我们的研究表明，随着许多地方干涸，全球变暖可能会重塑人们的思维方式，推动整个社区采取更谨慎的面向未来的行为)”可知，这项研究的意义在于它表明人们对气候变化的认识是可以提高的，故选A。 D Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong. Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways. 32. What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit’s moral code? A. Living conditions were the drive. B. Unwritten rules were the target. C. Social tradition was the basis. D. Honesty was the key. 33. What can we learn from this passage? A. Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies. B. Basic human needs lead to universal norms. C. Language capacity is limited by self-control. D. Written laws have great influence on virtues. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B. The Values of Self-discipline C. Brains: Walls Against Chaos D. The Roots of Morality 【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. (在这里，规范是不成文的，很少明确表达，但被很好地理解和铭记。不赞成不诚实和暴力行为;领导、婚姻以及与其他群体的互动都受到传统的松散控制。冲突往往通过音乐斗争来解决。因为愤怒的争论会导致混乱，所以强烈反对。在无情的加拿大北部，生活的要求如此之高，因纽特人对待道德的务实态度很有道理)”可知，加拿大北部严酷恶劣、生存艰难的环境，让因纽特人这种务实的道德准则十分必要。也就是说艰苦的生存环境促使、催生了他们的道德规范，即生存环境是道德规范形成的驱动力。故选A项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.(这些普遍规范远远早于任何道德化宗教或成文法律的概念。相反，它们植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制)”可知，普遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即人类的基本需求导致普遍的道德规范形成。故选B项。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.(弗朗兹·博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则)”以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起源”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 【点睛】 第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sometimes in our life we face this problem: loved ones as well as strangers annoying us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings, and family members on the computer all the time. ___35___ Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever. ___36___ If we take kindness as a skill, making it a daily practice, it will come easier over time. ___37___ Loving Kindness Meditation (默想) (LKM), which dates back to the time of its roots to early Buddhism, helps us find sympathy for one another even during trying times. The meditation asks us to send thoughts of loving kindness to loved ones, then to acquaintances (people you don’t know very well) and finally to challenging people. Over time, our unkind thoughts are replaced with more open, accepting ones. Anger is replaced by love, or at least kindness. Donald Altman, a psychotherapist from Portland, Oregon, says LKM helps us recognize we are all weak and have been hurt. ___38___ So how? To begin with, Altman suggests finding a quiet place to sit. He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words, “May you be well, happy and at peace.” After a few minutes, direct the words at yourself, “May I be well, happy and at peace.” ___39___ Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. End the meditation by spreading the blessing to all living beings. Indeed, we should find our own way toward LKM — but only if we are prepared to access its benefits and extend them to anyone who may need them. A. The good news is that it isn’t lost. B. Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance. C. At work, we’ve had to face the added pressure these demanding jobs create. D. Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness. E. For that reason, we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing. F. You can combine the words with breathing, repeating a phrase of love for yourself. G. Outside, we’ve encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway. 【答案】35. G 36. A 37. B 38. E 39. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是仁爱冥想。 【35题详解】 空格前说“Sometimes in our life we face this problem: loved ones as well as strangers annoying us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings, and family members on the computer all the time.(有时在我们的生活中，我们会遇到这样的问题：所爱的人和陌生人让我们烦恼。在家里，我们不得不忍受孩子们在网上会议时的尖叫，家人一直在电脑前)”，G选项“Outside, we’ve encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway.(在外面，我们遇到了在繁忙道路上超速行驶的司机和在地铁上大声说话的乘客)”中的“Outside”和前面的“At home”形成对比，“drivers”和“passengers”指的是前面的“strangers”，因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，故选G。 【36题详解】 空格前说“Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever.(善良似乎是遥远的记忆。与烦人的室友或邻居和平相处的能力似乎比以往任何时候都要困难)”，空格后说“If we take kindness as a skill, making it a daily practice, it will come easier over time.(如果我们把善良当作一种技能，让它成为日常练习，随着时间的推移，它会变得更容易)”可知，善良并没有消失，A选项“The good news is that it isn’t lost.(好消息是它没有丢失)”正好说明了这一点，因此A选项承上启下，符合语境，故选A。 【37题详解】 空格后说“Loving Kindness Meditation (默想) (LKM), which dates back to the time of its roots to early Buddhism, helps us find sympathy for one another even during trying times.(仁爱冥想（LKM）的起源可以追溯到早期的佛教，它帮助我们在困难时期找到彼此的同情)”可知，这是一种古老的做法，B选项“Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance.(幸运的是，我们可以从古代的训练中寻求指导)”指出这是古老的方法，因此B选项引起下文，符合语境，故选B。 【38题详解】 空格前“LKM helps us recognize we are all weak and have been hurt.(默想可以帮助我们认识到我们所有人都是脆弱的，并且我们是被伤害过的)”和“imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words, “May you be well, happy and at peace.”(想象一个最受喜爱的家庭成员或者朋友给你发送信息“你要身体健康，开心和平静”)”结合两处可知。因为脆弱，更希望体会到温暖。选项E中，that代词可以明确指代前文提到的“we are all weak and have been hurt.”这个原因，“we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing.”我们所有人都可以更好的体会爱的温暖为下文如何做，做了铺垫。故选E。 【39题详解】 空格后说“Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life.(把“我”的名字换成老师或教练，然后是家人或朋友，然后是熟人，最后是你生活中不友好的人)”，因此此处有一个顺序，即越来越不喜欢。D选项“Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness.(然后，按照喜爱程度减少的顺序，将祝福传递给他人)”，因此D选项承上启下，符合语境，故选D。 第三部分 框词填空(共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) Group 1 请用方框中的单词或短语完成句子。注意有两个多余选项。 earn a living minority illustrate otherwise head to carry on desire 40. Millions of people ______ their hometown to celebrate the Spring Festival each year. 41. You can’t expect to ______ as a painter. 42. With a strong ______ to help other people, he volunteers in a nursing home every weekend. 43. Only a small ______ of the students take part in the competition in our school. 44. I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, ______ I wouldn’t have kept you waiting for such a long time. 【答案】40. head to 41. earn a living 42. desire 43. minority 44. otherwise 【解析】 【40题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：每年都有数百万人前往家乡庆祝春节。“head to”表示“前往” ，符合人们回家乡过年的语境，根据“each year”可知，本句为一般现在时，主语Millions of people为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填head to。 【41题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：你不能指望靠当画家谋生。“earn a living”表示“谋生”，符合语境，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填earn a living。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：怀着强烈的帮助他人的愿望，他每个周末都在养老院做志愿者。根据后文“he volunteers in a nursing home every weekend.”可知，“desire”表示“愿望”作宾语，a strong desire to do sth. 意为 “做某事的强烈愿望”符合语境，故填desire。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：在我们学校只有一小部分学生参加这次竞赛。“minority”表示“少数；少数派”，a small minority of 意为 “一小部分……”符合语境，故填minority。 【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：我遭遇了一个多小时的交通堵塞，否则我不会让你等这么久。根据前文“I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour”可知，使用副词“otherwise”表示“否则”，引出后文的虚拟情况，符合语境，故填otherwise。 Group 2 请用方框中单词或短语的正确形式完成句子。注意有两个多余选项。 definite in despair rejection occur seek one’s fortune response claim 45. Many young people leave their hometown ____________ in the big city. 46. And what a city — a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that ____________ in 1906. 47. The team will ____________ lose if he doesn’t play. 48. I asked him his name, but he didn’t ____________. 49. I’ve been ____________ by all the universities I applied to. 【答案】45. to seek their fortune 46. occurred 47. definitely 48. respond 49. rejected 【解析】 【45题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：许多年轻人离开家乡，为了在大城市闯荡一番。分析句子可知，此空应填动词不定式结构表目的，seek one’s fortune意为“闯荡；寻找发财机会”，符合语境，主语是Many young people，所以形容词性物主代词应用their。故填to seek their fortune。 【46题详解】 考查动词。句意：这是一座怎样的城市啊 —— 一座能够在1906年发生的地震后重建自己的城市。此空应填动词作谓语，从句中时间状语“in 1906”表明动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时，occur，意为“发生”，其过去式为occurred，符合语境。故填occurred。 【47题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果他不参加比赛，这支队伍肯定会输。此空需填副词修饰动词lose，definite的副词形式“definitely”，意为“肯定地；无疑地”，符合语境。故填definitely。 【48题详解】 考查动词。句意：我问了他的名字，但他没有回应。助动词didn’t后接动词原形，response的动词形式respond，意为“回应；回答”，符合语境。故填respond。 【49题详解】 考查动词。句意：我申请的所有大学都拒绝了我。此空应填谓语动词，I与“拒绝” 之间为被动关系，且句子时态为现在完成时，需用“have been + 过去分词” 结构，rejection的动词形式reject，其过去分词为rejected，表“拒绝”，符合语境。故填rejected。 第四部分 阅读表达(共4小题;第50、51、小题各2分，第52小题3分，第53小题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Over the years I have been fascinated to read about studies into the power of touch. One famous study examined videos of how people responded to those near them who had been the victim of a bad fortune. Researchers looked at their interaction with the victim, and compared this with behaviour in non-human primates (灵长类动物). It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way. It makes sense for me that offering hugs to calm victims may be an instinct that we got from primate ancestors. Another study found that when the husband or wife of a patient in sorrow or discomfort reaches out and holds their hand and, as if by magic, they become settled and less sorrowful. Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, as we have known for many years about the importance of touch. It symbolizes safety and love, and this is actually one of the most important aspects for development as a child. Is it any wonder that, when we are upset and distressed as adults, we seek out the same things? Whether young or old, humans are wired to be touched. Nevertheless, many people today suffer from “touch hunger”, which typically occurs when a person experiences little touch or contact for a long time. It serves as a warning that the sense of security and care that comes with the contact of touch is missing. Thus, their well-being can suffer. It is associated with greater stress, anxiety and loneliness, and lower-quality sleep. Actually, even the briefest touch from us can bring strong emotional experiences to the receivers who suffer from “touch hunger”. A warm handshake, a gentle pat on the shoulder, or a high-five is often enough to convey love and care. Be a giver! 50. What did the first study find about touch? ____________________________________________________________ 51. Why is touch important? ____________________________________________________________ 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Touch has the great power to give people who suffer from “touch hunger“ strong emotional experiences, but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care. ____________________________________________________________ 53. Apart from touch, what other way(s) do you often use to express your love and care in your life?(In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________ 【答案】50. It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way. 51. It symbolizes safety and love which are important to both children and adults. 52. but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care. Even a brief touch like a handshake is enough to convey love and care. 53. (1) I often write notes to people I love. For example, I often write notes to remind my family to put on their coats on cold days, expressing my care and love. When reading the warm Words, they feel loved and cared. (2) I often have little conversations with my loved ones. Talking with my parents after sch1ool can help relieve their tiredness from work. Besides, I prepare gifts for them on special occasions. The handmade gifts convey my appreciation for what they have done for me. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，触摸给人带来安全感；当人们难过时，触摸给人以安慰和安定的感觉。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段前三句“One famous study examined videos of how people responded to those near them who had been the victim of a bad fortune. Researchers looked at their interaction with the victim, and compared this with behaviour in non-human primates (灵长类动物). It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way.(一项著名的研究调查了人们如何回应他们附近遭遇不幸的人的视频。研究人员观察了它们与受害者的互动，并与非人类灵长类动物的行为进行了比较(灵长类动物)。研究发现，人类和灵长类动物以类似的方式相互安慰并表现出关心。)”可知，研究发现，人类和灵长类动物以类似的方式相互安慰并表现出关心。故答案为It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way. 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段前三句“Another study found that when the husband or wife of a patient in sorrow or discomfort reaches out and holds their hand and, as if by magic, they become settled and less sorrowful. Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, as we have known for many years about the importance of touch. It symbolizes safety and love, and this is actually one of the most important aspects for development as a child. (另一项研究发现，当悲伤或不适的病人的丈夫或妻子伸出手握住他们的手时，就像魔法一样，他们会安定下来，悲伤也会减少。也许我们不应该感到惊讶，因为我们多年来一直知道触摸的重要性。它象征着安全和爱，这实际上是孩子成长过程中最重要的方面之一。)”可知，触摸象征着安全和爱，这对儿童和成人都很重要。故答案为It symbolizes safety and love which are important to both children and adults. 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二端“Actually, even the briefest touch from us can bring strong emotional experiences to the receivers who suffer from “touch hunger”. A warm handshake, a gentle pat on the shoulder, or a high-five is often enough to convey love and care.(其实，即使是我们最简单的触碰，也能给“触碰饥饿”的受者带来强烈的情感体验。一个温暖的握手，轻轻拍一下肩膀，或者一个击掌，都足以传达爱和关心。)”可知，即使是一个简单的握手，也能传达爱和关心，因此所给句子中后半部分“but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care”是错的。故答案为：错误部分：but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care. 原因：Even a brief touch like a handshake is enough to convey love and care. 【53题详解】 开放题。言之有理即可。例如：除了触摸，我们可以写温暖的字条来鼓励或提醒别人，让他们感到温暖；我们也可以和别人进行简短的对话，嘘寒问暖；我们也可以送别人小礼物来表达我们的关心。40词以内。故答案为：(1) I often write notes to people I love. For example, I often write notes to remind my family to put on their coats on cold days, expressing my care and love. When reading the warm Words, they feel loved and cared.或(2) I often have little conversations with my loved ones. Talking with my parents after sch1ool can help relieve their tiredness from work. Besides, I prepare gifts for them on special occasions. The handmade gifts convey my appreciation for what they have done for me. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $