Unit 5 Working the Land 单元知识总复习检测-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

XB1U5知识总复习 I. 单词 1. 杂交植(动)物;合成物n.      31. 城市的;城镇的adj.    2. 把…献(给);专心于v.     32. 炸弹v.轰炸n.      3. 不足;缺少;短缺n.      33. 地下通道;地道;隧道n.      4. 解决;应付(局面);处理v.     34. 扩建部分;扩大n.      5. 危机;危急关头n.     35. 与化学有关的adj.   6. 使增长;使兴旺v.  激励n. 36. 小麦;小麦籽n.      7. 产量;产出;产生)n.  屈服v. 37. 味道;特点;特色n.      8. 使相信;使确信;说服v.     38. 营养(物)的adj.   9. 特征;品质n.  典型的adj. 39. 有营养的adj.   10. 获得;得到v.    40. 营养;滋养n.      11. 传统的;习惯的adj.   41. 减轻;缓解vt.     12. 假定;承担;获得n.      42. 贫穷;贫困n.      13. 热切的;激烈的adj.   43. 有机的;有机物的adj.   14. 克服;解决;战胜v.    44. 分布广的;广泛的a.       15. 扩大;增加;扩展v. 45. 消化;领会v. 摘要;文摘n. 16. 产量;输出;输出量n.      46. 完全必要的adj.   17. 估计;估价v.  估计;估算n. 47. 矿物;矿物质n.      18. 本国的;家庭的adj.    48. 可供选择的事物n.   可供替代的adj. 19. 消耗;消耗量;消费n.      49. 食品杂货店n.  20. 包括;包含;由…组成v.     50. 例子;实例;事例n.      21. 产生;引起v.     51. 向下的距离;深(度)n.      22. 品种;压力n.     52. 根;根茎;根部;根源n.      23. 闲暇;休闲;空闲n.      53. 全部地;完全地adv.   24. 泥士;国土;领土n.      54. 方面;层面n.      25. 名望;名人;名流n.      55. pollinate        26. 展望;想象v.     56. sorghum        27. 谷物;谷粒;颗粒n.      57. broom    28. 想象;视力;视野n.      58. fertilizer        29. 现实;实际情况;事实n.      59. pesticide        30. 含盐的;成的adj.    60. bacterium      II. 短语/词块 1. 相信 16. 例如 2. 提高出口 17. 被用于…… 3. 金融危机；财政危机 18. 依靠 4. 让某人相信某事 19. 远非；绝不是 5. 把……用于；专心 20. 成功地做某事 6. 包含；由……组成 21. 凭空想出 7. 在内心深处；实际上 22. 在使用；被使用 8. 获得知识 23. 相应地；转而；轮流 9. 传统方法 24. 对……造成损害 10. 做假设 25. 富含……；……含量高 11. 据估计 26. 转向 12. 实际上 27. 关注；聚焦 13. 有机蔬菜 28. 例如；比如 14. ……是极其重要的 29. 更喜欢做…… 15. 别无选择只能…… 30. 阻止……做…… III. 单词变形 1. shortage n.不足；缺少；短缺→__________adj.短的 2. devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→__________adj.忠诚的；挚爱的；专心的→__________n.献身；奉献；忠诚 3. assumption n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得→__________v.假定；认为；承担 4. consumption n.消耗；消耗量；消费→__________v.消耗；消费 5. reality n.现实；实际情况；事实→__________adj.真的；真实的；现实的 6. convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→__________adj.令人信服的 7. generate vt.产生；引起→__________n.产生；一代人 8. extension n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→__________v.延伸；扩大；推广 9. entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→__________adj.完整的；完全的 10. nutritional  adj.营养(物)的→__________adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→__________n.营养；滋养 11. bacterium n.细菌→__________n．(pl.)细菌 12. depth n.向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→__________adj.深的；深远的 13. convention n．习俗；常规→__________adj.传统的；习惯的 14. expand vt. & vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务)→__________n．扩张；扩展；扩大 15. vision n．想象；视力；视野；影像→__________vt.展望；想象 16. chemistry n．化学→__________adj.与化学有关的；化学的n.化学制品；化学品→__________n．化学家 IV. 单句填空 1. The government is determined to _________inflation. 政府决心解决通货膨胀问题。 2. She _________ _________ _________her career. 她全力倾注于自己的事业。 3. It wants the government to take action to _________the economy. 它希望政府采取行动促进经济发展。 4. Vietnam is suffering from _________ _________. 越南正遭受食物短缺之苦。 5. We provide help to families in _________ situations. 我们对处于困境的家庭提供帮助。 6. I'd _________ _________(that) I was right. 我确信自己是正确的。 7. She's very _________in her views. 她的观点很守旧。 8. The battle for third place was _________. 第三名的争夺紧张激烈。 9. The committee _________ _________ _________representatives from both the public and private sectors. 委员会由政府和私人部门的双方代表组成。 10. Find a way to _________your difficulties. 找出办法战胜困难。 11. I can give you _________ _________ _________of the amount of wood you will need. 我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量。 12. We are working on the _________that everyone invited will turn up. 我们假定了每一个人都会应邀出席并正就此作出安排。 13. A number of measures were taken to _________the problem. 采取了一系列措施缓解这个问题。 14. That's the logical _________of my approach. 那是对我的方法的合乎逻辑的扩展。 15. Gas and oil _________always increases in cold weather. 燃气和燃油的消耗量在天冷时总会增加。 16. It was absolutely _________to separate crops from the areas that animals used as pasture. 将庄稼和放牧区分开绝对必要。 17. _________ _________ _________, there will be no need for further treatment. 多数情况下，不必继续治疗。 18. Please _________(that) all lights are switched off. 请确保将所有灯都关掉。 19. Will time travel ever become a _________? 时光旅行真的会成为现实吗？ 20. It is always important to choose enjoyable, _________foods. 选择好吃的、营养价值高的食物总是很重要。 21. We _________ _________ _________ _________ _________fire Gibson. 我们别无他法，只有辞退吉布森。 V. 课文填空 A Pioneer for All People Yuan Longping, 1.______________(被称为) the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists. Yet, he 2.___________________________(认为自己是一个农民) because he continually works the land in his research. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he 3.____________________(贡献了自己的一生). Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to 4.__________________(追求事业) in science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had 5.________________(收成不好) and sometimes even had 6._________________________(严重的食物短缺) to eat. 7.___________________________(为了解决这个危机), he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. After graduating in1953, he 8.______________(担任) a researcher. Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to 9.__________________(提高产量) in the fields they had. How this, could be done was 10.______________________(具有挑战性的问题) at the time. Yuan 11.________________(相信) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than 12.____________________(传统作物；常规作物). However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was 13.__________________(有争议的事). The 14._____________________(普遍的假设) then was that it could not be done. Through 15._______________(巨大的努力), Yuan overcame enormous 16.___________________(技术困难) to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to 17._________________(扩大他们的产量) greatly. Today, 18.___________________(据估计) about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China 19.______________________(包含；由……组成) crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping has received numerous awards both in China and abroad. Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to 20._________________(清闲的生活). However, this is 21._____________________(情况远非如此). 22._______________(在内心深处), Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money. Instead, he makes large donations to support agricultural research. 23.__________________________(让人们印象最深刻的) about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to 24.____________________(实现他的梦想). Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. He 25._________________(成功地做了某事) producing a kind of rice that could feed more people 26.________________(国内外). His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production. Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next. 佳句背诵 1. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life.确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。 2. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术难题，于1974年研制出了第一批可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。 3. Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping has received numerous awards both in China and abroad.因为他做出了不可估量的贡献，袁隆平在国内外获得了无数奖项。 4. Deep down, Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money. Instead, he makes large donations to support agricultural research.实际上，袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。作为一个土生土长的人，他不太在乎名利。相反，他大量捐款支持农业科学研究。 5. What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams.袁隆平给人印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。 6. Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.尽管年事已高，袁隆平的内心仍然年轻，富有远见，每个人都在等着看他下一步的梦想。 VI. 话题语篇泛读 The Untold Story of Marie Curie’s Network of Female Scientists Marie Curie, born more than 150 years ago, is still the only female scientist many people can name. The double Nobel Prize winner is most famous for her discovery of radioactivity, as well as the radioactive elements radium and polonium. She is less well known for encouraging a generation of women who worked in her lab and went on to work in research because of the path she paved. Though few women in science have reached Curie’s level of fame and name recognition, they continue to make gains in the field because of her life and example. She had extraordinary drive to get herself out of Warsaw to Paris, to be able to get an advanced education, to believe in herself that much in the face of strong resistance toward women in science at the time, and then to be willing and able to do the kind of laboratory work that she did. And then she married the right person. She and her husband Pierre Curie worked together when she started to do her doctoral research on this new discovery of physicist Henri Becquerel’s, uranic rays. Right. This was a new thing, and nobody was paying attention to it because everybody was more interested in x-rays at the time in 1896. And Curie thought she’d go after the less exciting topic; there were 1,000 papers already written about x-rays, and nobody was doing anything with uranic rays. So that was the right time. She was operating in this environment of huge sexism. She was barred from the French Academy of Sciences. Even though she had a lot of support, they did not vote her in, and to be published in their weekly proceedings, to present your work, you had to be a member. So she was constantly having to ask friends to present the work of the people in her laboratory, which was an enormous embarrassment. She was the premier authority on her subject, and she didn’t have the standing in the professional community that she deserved. She was also a Nobel Prize winner, and she couldn’t get in either. So yes, there was a lot of sexism, a lot of barricades, but she broke through most of them. We’re talking about the early 1900s, so physics altogether was at an inflection point, and she was, for three decades, the only woman in the room at these important Solvay Conference meetings a groundbreaking series of physics congresses that begin in 1911. So she knew all of the top physicists: Ernest Rutherford, Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, Niels Bohr, everybody. She knew them personally, and I think she normalized some of that for them—that “oh, yeah, women do this, too,” which might not have occurred to them. So I think, by her presence, she had an effect on her peers. In 2020 I was asked to review a book called Women in Their Element, a collection of essays about female chemists. The only two names I recognized to begin with were Marie Curie and her daughter Irène Joliot-Curie. But then as I read, I was really struck by the number of women who had spent some time with her, either studying under her or working in her lab. By the fifth or sixth one, it really started to look like a network. And through the Curie Museum in Paris, I discovered there were really at least 45 women who passed through her laboratory. She was the first woman ever to teach at the Sorbonne. And then that made her a magnet for these other women. Also, she was already world-famous because she had won the Nobel Prize, and that spread her name everywhere. So I thought, well, this is something about Madame Curie that most people don’t know, and that’s how I got started. 玛丽·居里出生于 150 多年前，至今仍是许多人唯一能叫出名字的女科学家。这位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性因发现放射性元素镭和钋而闻名。她因鼓励在她的实验室工作并继续从事研究工作而鲜为人知，因为她铺平了道路。尽管很少有科学界的女性能达到居里的名气和知名度，但她们仍因居里的一生和榜样而在该领域取得进步。 她拥有非凡的动力，使自己从华沙走向巴黎，以获得高等教育。在当时女性从事科学研究面临强烈反对的背景下，她对自己有着极大的信心。随后，她甘愿并能够从事自己所选的实验室工作。后来，她嫁给了合适的人。当居里夫人开始就物理学家亨利·贝克勒尔新发现的铀射线进行博士研究时，她与丈夫皮埃尔·居里携手合作。没错，这是一项全新的研究，当时无人问津，因为在1896年，所有人都对X射线更感兴趣。居里夫人认为，她应该投身于这个不太热门的话题；当时已有1000篇关于X射线的论文，而关于铀射线的研究却无人问津。因此，她选择了恰当的时机。 她所处的环境充斥着严重的性别歧视。她被法国科学院拒之门外。尽管她得到了很多支持，但科学院还是没有投票让她加入。而要想在该学院的周刊上发表文章、展示自己的研究成果，就必须是学院成员。因此，她不得不一再请求朋友代她向外界介绍她实验室团队的工作，这让她感到非常尴尬。她是该领域首屈一指的权威，但在专业领域内，她却没有得到应有的地位。她甚至还荣获了诺贝尔奖，却依然无法加入法国科学院。所以，是的，当时存在很多性别歧视，有很多阻碍，但她突破了其中大部分障碍。 我们谈论的20世纪初，物理学正处于一个转折点，而在1911年开始的一系列开创性的物理学大会——索尔维会议上，长达三十年的时间里，她是这些重要会议中唯一的女性。因此，她认识所有顶尖的物理学家：欧内斯特·卢瑟福、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦、恩里科·费米、尼尔斯·玻尔等等，她和他们私交甚好，我认为她让他们觉得有些事情很正常——“哦，是的，女人也能这么做”，而他们可能从未想过这一点。所以我认为，她的存在对她的同行产生了影响。 2020 年，有人请我评论一本名为《女性的元素》的书，这是一本关于女性化学家的散文集。一开始我只认出两个名字，玛丽·居里和她的女儿伊蕾娜·约里奥-居里。但当我读到这些名字时，我被与她共度时光的女性数量所震惊，她们要么在她的指导下学习，要么在她的实验室工作。到了第五或第六个，它真的开始看起来像一个网络。通过巴黎的居里博物馆，我发现实际上至少有 45 名女性在她的实验室工作过。她是第一位在索邦大学任教的女性。这让她吸引了其他女性。此外，她已经因为获得诺贝尔奖而举世闻名，她的名字也传遍了世界各地。所以我想，好吧，这是关于居里夫人的大多数人都不知道的事情，这就是我开始写作的原因。 答案 I. 单词 1. 1. hybrid    2. devote    3. shortage        4. tackle     5. crisis      6. boost      7. yield      8. convince        9. characteristic  10. attain     11. conventional         12. assumption   13. intense   14. overcome       15. expand  16. output   17. estimate         18. domestic        19. consumption         20. comprise       21. generate        22. strain     23. ensure   24. soil         25. celebrity        26. envision 27. grain      28. vision     29. reality    30. salty       31. urban    32. bomb     33. tunnel    34. extension       35. chemical        36. wheat     37. flavor           38. nutritional    39. nutritious       40. nutrition        41. alleviate 42. poverty   43. organic  44. widespread   45. digest     46. essential         47. mineral         48. alternative    49. grocery  50. instance         51. depth     52. root        53. entirely  54. aspect    55. 授粉;传粉vt.     56. 高梁;高梁米n.      57. 扫把;金雀花n.      58. 肥料n.      59. 杀虫剂n.      60. 细菌n. II. 短语 1. 2. be convinced that… 3. boost exports 4. financial crisis 5. convince sb. of sth. 6. devote...to 7. be comprised of 8. deep down 9. attain knowledge 10. conventional approach 11. make an assumption 12. it’s estimated that… 13. in reality 14. organic vegetables 15. it is essential that… 16. have no alternative but to do 17. for instance 18. be used for 19. depend on 20. far from 21. succeed in doing sth. 22. dream up 23. in use 24. in turn 25. cause damage to 26. be rich in 27. switch to 28. focus on 29. for instance 30. prefer to do... 31. keep...from doing... 1. III. 单词变形 1. 2. short 3. devoted devotion 4. assume 5. consume 6. real 7. convincing 8. generation 9. extend 10. entire 11. nutritious nutrition 12. bacteria 13. deep 14. conventional  15. expansion  16. envision 17. chemical chemist  IV. V. 单句填空 1. 1. tackle 2. devoted herself to 3. boost 4. food shortage 5. crisis 6. convinced myself 7. conventional 8. intense 9. is comprised of 10. overcome 11. a rough estimate 12. assumption 13. alleviate 14. extension 15. consumption 16. essential 17. In most instances 18. ensure 19. reality 20. nutritious 21. had no alternative but to V. VI. 课文填空 1. 2. known as 3. considers himself a farmer 4. has devoted his life 5. pursue a career 6. poor harvests 7. a serious shortage of food 8. To tackle this crisis 9. worked as 10. boost yields 11. a challenging question 12. was convinced 13. conventional crops 14. a matter of great debate 15. common assumption 16. intense effort 17. technical difficulties 18. expand their output 19. it is estimated that 20. is comprised of 21. a life of leisure 22. far from the case 23. Deep down 24. What impresses people most 25. fulfill his dreams 26. succeeded in 27. at home and abroad 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$