Unit 4 Body Language 单元知识总复习检测-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

XB1U4知识总复习 I. 单词 1. 交流；相互影响 32. 使更清晰；阐明；澄清 2. （根据情况）变化；改变 33. 教师；教育工作者 3. 合适的；恰当的 34. 给…打钩 4. 赞成；同意;. 批准；通过 35. 趋势；倾向 5. 表现；表达；说明；证明 36. 降低；减少;下面的 6. 手势；姿势；姿态 37. 意味着；暗示 7. 使用；应用；雇用 38. 几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚 8. 相同的 39. 下巴 9. 把……理解（解释）为;. 口译 40. 占据；占用 10. 相异；不同于 41. 盯着看；凝视;. 凝视 11. 面频；脸频 42. 天花板；上限 12. 较喜欢；有利于;帮助；赞同 43. 分散（注意力）；使分心 13. 鞠躬；点头;低（头） 44. 察觉；看待；理解 14. 腰；腰部 45. 区分；辨别 15. 隔阂；障碍 46. 焦虑；担心；害怕 16. 假装的；假的；冒充的 47. 胸部；胸膛 17. 愤怒；怒气;. 使生气；激怒 48. 难堪的；尴尬的 18. 可靠的；可信赖的 49. 羞愧；惭愧 19. 发生的事情；严重事件；冲突 50. 只是；仅仅；只不过 20. 审讯；审判；试验；试用 51. 费心；麻烦 21. 轻微的；略微的；细小的 52. 哭泣；流泪 22. 略微；稍微 53. 矛盾；冲突; 冲突；抵触 23. 孪生之一；双胞胎之一 54. 询问；打听 24. 不涉及言语的；非言语的 55. 最终；最后 25. 评价；评定 56. 调整；调节 26. 评估；评价 57. 干预；介入 27. 内部的；里面的 58. （对……）起反应；回应 28. 垂头弯腰地走（或坐等） 59. 组成部分；零件 29. 故作姿态;摆好姿势; 造成 60. 语气；腔调；口吻 30. （使）弯曲；倾斜；偏向 61. 当场看到；目击；见证 31. 揭示；显示；露出 II. 短语/词块 1. 与某人互动 13. 在某人的脑海中 2. 在…到…之间变化 14. 向上看；查阅 3. 对……适合 15. 向前倾斜 4. 相比之下 16. 好像 5. 往……里面看 17. 盯着……看 6. 赞同 18. 访问；要求；邀请 7. 把……理解为 19. 费心地做某事 8. (与……)相比较 20. 与某人有冲突 9. 推理；推断 21. 对……做出反应 10. 通过；度过 22. 有某种影响；在工作 11. 消除；分解；打破 23. 换句话说；也就是说 12. 直起来；整理 III. 单词变形 1.vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→__________ adj.各种各样的 2.approve vi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过→__________ n．批准；赞成；同意 3.employ vt.使用；应用；雇用→__________ n．使用；雇用 4.interpret vt.把……理解(解释)为vi.&vt.口译→__________ n．口译人员；口译者 5.differ vi.相异；不同于→__________adj.不同的；相异的→__________ n．差异；不同 6.reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的→__________ v．依靠；依赖；相信 7.slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的→__________ adv.略微；稍微 8.nonverbal adj.不涉及言语的；非言语的→__________ adj.言语的 9.assessment n．评定；评价→__________ v．评估；评价 10.educator n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→__________ v．教育；教导；训练 11.lower vt.把……放低；降低；减少 adj.下面的；下方的；较小的→__________ adj.低的；浅的 12.embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的→__________ v．使……难堪；使……尴尬 13.ashamed adj.羞愧的；惭愧的→__________ n．羞愧；惭愧；令人惭愧的事情 14.inquire vi.&vt.询问；打听→__________ n．调查；询问 15.ultimately adv.最终；最后→__________ adj.最终的；最后的 16.adjust vt.调整；调节vi.&vt.适应；(使)习惯→__________ n．调整；调节 17.react vi.(对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应→__________ n．反应；回应 IV. 单句填空 1. Teachers have a limited amount of time to __________ _______ each child. 教师和每个孩子沟通的时间有限。 2. Prices __________ according to the type of room you require. 价格随要求的房间类型而有所变化。 3. Now that the problem has been __________, appropriate action can be taken. 现在既已找出问题的症结，即可采取适当行动。 4. She doesn't __________ ___my leaving school this year. 她不赞成我今年离校。 5. The committee unanimously __________ the plan. 委员会一致通过了计划。 6. The theories were __________to be false. 这些理论已被证明是错误的。 7. She ___ _________ ___making a list of all the jobs to be done. 她忙着把要做的所有工作列一个清单。 8. The two pictures are similar, although not __________. 这两幅画很相似，虽然不完全相同。 9. The warm climate __________many types of tropical plants. 温暖的气候对多种热带植物生长有利。 10. Lack of confidence is a psychological __________to success. 缺乏信心是阻碍成功的心理因素。 11. Our information comes from a __________source. 我们的消息来源可靠。 12. It's difficult to __________the effects of these changes. 这些变化带来的效果难以评估。 13. The report __________(that) the company made a loss of £20 million last year. 报告显示，公司去年亏损 2 000 万英镑。 14. She asked him to __________what he meant. 她要他说清楚他是什么意思。 15. __ ____ ________that we were at fault. 这意味着我们错了。 16. I had __________started speaking when he interrupted me. 我刚刚开始讲话，他便打断了我。 17. How much memory does the program __________? 这个程序占用多少内存？ 18. She ________ _______ ______routine office tasks. 她忙于办公室的日常工作。 19. At what age are children able to __________ _________ _____ _____ ________? 儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？ 20. He didn't even __________ ___let me know he was coming. 他甚至连通知都没通知我他要来。 21. She found herself ____ ________ ____her parents over her future career. 她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母出现分歧。 22. __________your language to the age of your audience. 要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。 23. The President __________ personally in the crisis. 总统亲自出面处理这场危机。 24. Local residents have __________angrily to the news. 当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒。 25. Police have appealed for __________to the accident. 警方呼吁这起事故的目击者出来作证。 V. 课文填空 Listening to How Bodies Talk We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions 1._______________________(在我们与其他人的交流互动中). We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings. Just like 2.___________(口语), body language 3.______________________(因文化不同而各异). The crucial thing is using body language in a way that 4.__________________(适合) the culture you are in. For example, 5.____________________(进行眼神交流)—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries is a way to 6._________________(展示兴趣). In other countries, 7.______________(相反), eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women 8._________________________(社交层面上不被允许有眼神交流). In Japan, it may 9.__________________(展现尊重) to look down when talking to an older person. The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. In France, a person 10._____________________________(遇见完全一样的手势) may interpret it as meaning zero. However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite. Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. 11.______________(相反的是；形成对比的是), in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can help us 12.________________________(度过困难的时候) and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can 13.______________(打破隔阂). We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 佳句背诵 1. Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. 就像口头语言一样，身体语言因文化而异。 2. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can break down barriers.微笑可以帮助我们度过难关，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。微笑可以打破障碍。 3. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.而且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。 VI. 话题语篇泛读 Body language in the post-pandemic workplace Much of the research into non-verbal communication is now redundant Communication is an essential part of leadership. And body language is an essential part of communication. On these slim pillars rests a mini-industry of research and advice into how executives can influence, encourage and ascend without needing to say a word. The pandemic has made much of it redundant. Plenty of studies have looked into the non-verbal behaviour that marks out “emergent leaders”, people who do not have a specified role in the hierarchy but naturally assume a position of authority in groups. They are a bag of tics. They nod; they touch others but not themselves; they gesture; they furrow their brows; they hold themselves erect; their facial expressions are more animated. Other research suggests that, to win votes in an election, candidates should deliver speeches with their feet planted apart. The second-most popular TED talk claims that two minutes of private, hands-on-hips “power posing” can infuse a job candidate with confidence and improve others’ perceptions of them. Gazing can foster a sense of psychological safety as well as confer authority: in a recent paper, a trio of researchers from Harvard Business School found that receiving more eye contact from a bigwig led to greater participation in group interactions. Leaders who adopt open body positions, with arms and legs uncrossed, are also more likely to encourage contributions. There are three problems with this body of research on non-verbal communication. One is that so much of it is blindingly obvious. Nodding at someone rather than shaking your head in incredulity when they are speaking to you—this does indeed send a powerful signal. But so does punching someone in the face, and no one thinks that requires a journal publication. A second problem is that people look for different things from their bosses. Frowning is seen as a mark of emergent leaders but not of supportive ones; the reverse is true of smiling. (The effect of smiling with lowered eyebrows cries out for study.) A recent paper found that male recipients regarded bosses who used emojis, a form of not-quite-verbal communication, in an email as more effective, but that female recipients perceived them as less effective. The third problem is newer. Almost all of the research on body language dates from a time of in-person interactions. Even when the pandemic wanes and offices in the West refill, most buildings will not return to full capacity. Employees will keep working remotely for at least part of the week; Zoom will remain integral to white-collar working lives. And if there is one thing for which online interactions are not suited, it is body language. That is partly because bodies themselves are largely hidden from view: whatever language they are speaking, it is hard to hear them. You will know the partners, pets and home-decor choices of new colleagues before you will know how tall they are. And although faces fill the video-conferencing screen, meaningful eye contact is impossible. Once past a basic threshold of attentiveness—not looking down at your mobile phone, say—most people have the same glassy-eyed stare. If several faces appear on screen, these participants have no way of knowing that you are gazing specifically at them. (Anyway, admit it: the face you are looking at with most interest is your own.) If your camera is in the wrong place, you may think you are looking meaningfully at your team but you are actually just giving them a view of your nostrils. Animated expressions are hard to spot, particularly when people attending hybrid meetings in the office are Lowry-like figures seated metres away. There are no good ways to compensate for these problems. One tactic is to go all in on expressiveness, nodding furiously and gesturing dementedly—a small tile of caged energy somewhere in the bottom left-hand corner of the screen. Another is to do a “Zoom loom”, placing yourself so close to the camera that you will give everyone nightmares. The simpler option is not to think too hard about body language. At a few specific moments, like job interviews and set-piece speeches, first impressions matter and a bit of self-conscious posing pays off. But posture is not leadership. If you want to give people a break from staring at a screen, turning off your camera is a good way to do it. If you want to waggle your eyebrows, up or down, let them loose. And if you need to be told that looking at someone makes them feel valued, you have bigger issues. 沟通是领导力必不可少的一部分，而肢体语言是沟通中必不可少的一部分。一类研究和建议高管如何在不需要说话的情况下影响、鼓励和提升员工的小型行业建立在肢体语言沟通上。这场疫情使它变得多余。  大量研究已经对非语言行为进行了探究，此类行为能使“新型领导者”在工作中脱颖而出，即在等级制度中虽没有特定角色，但在群体中自然而然地占据权威地位。这些行为可能是包括脸部抽搐，点头，碰别人却碰不到自己，做手势，皱眉头，挺直腰杆；他们的面部表情更加生动。 其他研究表明，为了在选举中赢得选票，候选人应该分开脚发表演讲。受欢迎的TED演讲认为，两分钟两手叉腰的“权力姿势”可以给求职者注入信心，并改善其他人对他们的看法。 凝视可以培养一种心理安全感，并赋予人权威：在最近的一篇论文中，来自哈佛商学院的三名研究人员发现，与大人物进行更多的眼神交流，会让他们更多地参与到群体互动中。采取开放式体位、胳膊和腿不交叉的领导者也更有可能鼓励做出贡献。 关于非语言交际的研究有三个问题。一个是，太多相关研究是显而易见盲目的。当别人和你说话时，向他们点头，而不是怀疑地摇头--这确实发出了一个强有力的信号。但打某人的脸也是如此，没有人认为这有必要期刊出版。 第二个问题是，人们从老板那里寻找不同的东西。皱眉被视为新型领导人的标志，但不是支持领导人的标志；微笑正好相反。（低垂眉毛微笑的效果需要研究。）最近的一篇论文发现，男性收件人认为在电子邮件中使用表情符号（一种非语言沟通形式）的老板更有效，但女性收件人认为他们不那么有效。 第三个问题比较新。几乎所有关于肢体语言的研究都始于面对面的互动。即使疫情减弱，西方国家的公司重新坐满员工，大多数建筑也不会恢复原来满负荷的状况。员工将至少在一周的部分时间内保持远程工作；Zoom仍将是白领工作生活中不可或缺的一部分。如果有什么不适合在线互动，那就是肢体语言。 这部分是因为身体本身在很大程度上是隐藏在视线之外的：无论肢体表现的是什么语言，其实都很难听到。在你知道新同事有多高之前，你会知道他们的伴侣、宠物和家庭装饰选择。尽管视频会议屏幕上充满了面孔，但有意义的眼神交流是不可能的。 当超过了注意力的可承受范围--比如说，不要低头看手机--大多数人都同样目光呆滞。如果几张脸出现在屏幕上，这些参与者无法知道你在专门盯着他们。（不管怎样，承认吧：你最感兴趣的是自己的脸。）如果你的相机放在了错误的地方，你可能认为你在看着你的团队，但实际上你只是让他们看到了你的鼻孔。动画表情很难被发现，尤其是当在办公室参加混合会议的人是坐在几米外的劳里式人物时。 没有好方法来解决这些问题。其中一个办法是全身心地投入到表现力上，愤怒地点头，疯狂地打手势--屏幕左下角的某个地方有一小块笼子里的能量。另一个办法是做一个“Zoom loom”，把自己放在离相机近的地方，你可能会给每个人带来噩梦。 更简单点的办法是不要太费力地做肢体语言。在某些特定时刻，比如工作面试和定题演讲，第一印象很重要，一点点自我意识的摆姿势会有带来好的效果。但姿势不是领导力。如果你想让人们从盯着屏幕中休息一下，关掉相机是一个很好的方法。如果你想摆动眉毛，向上或向下，让眉头放松。如果需要有人告诉你看着某人会让他们觉得自己很有价值，你就有更大的问题了。 答案 I. 单词 1. 2. interaction 3. vary 4. appropriate 5. approve  6. demonstrate 7. gesture 8. employ 9. identical 10. interpret 11. differ 12. cheek 13. favour 14. bow 15. waist 16. barrier 17. fake 18. anger 19. reliable 20. incident 21. trial 22. slight 23. slightly 24. twin 25. nonverbal 26. assessment 27. assess 28. internal 29. slump 30. pose 31. bend 32. reveal 33. clarify 34. educator 35. tick 36. tendency 37. lower 38. imply 39. barely 40. chin 41. occupy 42. stare 43. ceiling 44. distract 45. perceive 46. distinguish 47. anxiety 48. chest 49. embarrassed 50. ashamed 51. merely 52. bother 53. weep 54. conflict 55. inquire 56. ultimately 57. adjust 58. intervene 59. react 60. component 61. tone 62. witness II. III. 短语 1. 2. interaction with sb. 3. vary from...to... 4. be appropriate to 5. by contrast 6. look into 7. approve of 8. interpret...as 9. by comparison 10. make inferences 11. get through 12. break down 13. straighten up 14. in one’s mind 15. look up 16. lean forward 17. as though 18. stare at... 19. call on 20. bother to do sth. 21. have conflicts with sb. 22. react to... 23. at work 24. in other words III. IV. 单词变形 1. 2. various  3. approval 4. employment  5. interpreter  6. different；difference  7. rely 8. slightly  9. verbal  10. assess 11. educate 12. low  13. embarrass 14. shame  15. inquiry  16. ultimate  17. adjustment  18. reaction  IV. V. 单句填空 1. 2. interact with 3. vary 4. identified 5. approve of 6. approved 7. demonstrated 8. was employed in 9. identical 10. favours 11. barrier 12. reliable 13. assess 14. reveals 15. clarify 16. It was implied 17. barely 18. occupy 19. occupied herself with 20. distinguish between right and wrong 21. bother to 22. in conflict with 23. Adjust 24. intervened 25. reacted 26. witnesses V. VI. 课文填空 1. 2. in our interactions with other people 3. spoken language 4. varies from culture to culture 5. is appropriate to 6. making eye contact 7. display interest 8. by contrast 9. are not socially permitted to make eye contact 10. demonstrate respect 11. encountering an identical gesture 12. By comparison 13. get through difficult situations 14. break down barriers 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$